Find Maximum of Two Numbers (Simple Rule-Based AI)
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
if a > b:
print("Maximum is:", a)
else:
print("Maximum is:", b)
Explanation:
This program compares two numbers using if–else rules. The system follows predefined rules to
decide which number is larger.
AI Concept Used:
Rule-based reasoning (basic decision-making)
Working:
● Read two numbers
● Apply comparison rule
● Display the maximum value
Simple Chatbot Using If–Else
user = input("You: ").lower()
if "hello" in user:
print("Bot: Hello! How can I help you?")
elif "name" in user:
print("Bot: I am a simple AI chatbot.")
elif "bye" in user:
print("Bot: Goodbye!")
else:
print("Bot: Sorry, I didn't understand.")
Explanation:
This program acts as a basic chatbot. It checks the user’s input and responds using predefined
conditions. Though simple, it represents the foundation of Natural Language Processing
(NLP).
AI Concept Used:
Pattern matching and basic NLP
Working:
● Take user input as text
● Match keywords using conditions
● Return a suitable response
Even or Odd (AI Logic Program)
n = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if n % 2 == 0:
print("Even number")
else:
print("Odd number")
Explanation:
This program determines whether a number is even or odd using logical reasoning. It uses
mathematical rules to make a decision.
AI Concept Used:
Logical inference
Working:
● Input a number
● Check divisibility by 2
● Display result
Simple Expert System (Medical Diagnosis)
fever = input("Do you have fever? (yes/no): ")
cough = input("Do you have cough? (yes/no): ")
if fever == "yes" and cough == "yes":
print("Diagnosis: You may have flu.")
else:
print("Diagnosis: Symptoms are unclear.")
Explanation:
This program mimics a human expert by asking questions and giving a diagnosis based on user
responses. It uses IF–THEN rules, which is the core idea behind expert systems.
AI Concept Used:
Expert systems and knowledge-based reasoning
Working:
● Ask symptoms
● Apply predefined rules
● Generate diagnosis
Guess the Number (Learning Through Feedback)
secret = 7
guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
if guess == secret:
print("Correct guess!")
else:
print("Wrong guess!")
Explanation:
This program allows interaction between the user and system. The system checks user feedback
to determine whether the guess is correct.
AI Concept Used:
Learning through feedback
Working:
● Store a secret number
● Accept user guess
● Compare and respond
Simple Recommendation System
choice = input("Do you like movies or books? ")
if choice == "movies":
print("Recommendation: Watch an AI sci-fi movie.")
else:
print("Recommendation: Read an AI book.")
Explanation:
This program suggests content based on user preference. Though basic, it demonstrates the idea
behind modern AI recommendation engines.
AI Concept Used:
Decision-based recommendation logic
Working:
● Ask user preference
● Match preference with recommendation
● Display result
Linear Regression (Very Basic ML Example)
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
X = [[1], [2], [3], [4]]
y = [2, 4, 6, 8]
model = LinearRegression()
[Link](X, y)
print([Link]([[5]]))
Explanation:
This program uses machine learning to find the relationship between input and output data. It
predicts future values based on learned patterns.
AI Concept Used:
Supervised Machine Learning
Working:
● Provide training data
● Train regression model
● Predict output for new input
Simple BFS Algorithm (AI Search)
graph = {
'A': ['B', 'C'],
'B': ['D'],
'C': ['E'],
'D': [],
'E': []
}
visited = []
def bfs(visited, graph, node):
queue = [node]
[Link](node)
while queue:
m = [Link](0)
print(m, end=" ")
for n in graph[m]:
if n not in visited:
[Link](n)
[Link](n)
bfs(visited, graph, 'A')
Explanation:
BFS is a graph search algorithm that explores nodes level by level. It is commonly used in AI for
path finding and state-space search.
AI Concept Used:
Search algorithms
Working:
● Start from initial node
● Visit all neighbors
● Continue level-wise traversal
Simple Perceptron (Basic Neural Network)
import numpy as np
inputs = [Link]([[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]])
outputs = [Link]([0,0,0,1]) # AND gate
weights = [Link](2)
bias = 0.5
for _ in range(1000):
for i in range(len(inputs)):
summation = [Link](inputs[i], weights) + bias
prediction = 1 if summation > 1 else 0
error = outputs[i] - prediction
weights += error * inputs[i]
print(weights)
Explanation:
The perceptron is the simplest neural network model. It learns weights based on error correction
and is used for binary classification.
AI Concept Used:
Artificial Neural Networks
Working:
● Initialize weights
● Calculate output
● Update weights using error
● Repeat until learning stabilizes
Simple A* Algorithm (Path Finding)
def heuristic(a, b):
return abs(a - b)
print("Basic heuristic function example")
Explanation:
A heuristic function estimates the cost to reach a goal state. It helps AI systems choose the most
efficient path.
AI Concept Used:
Heuristic search
Working:
● Calculate estimated distance
● Guide the search process