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SDM Lecture 2 - (2026)

The document discusses the Basic Slope-deflection Method for analyzing frames, categorizing them into three types based on joint translation possibilities. It provides examples and calculations for determining end moments in frames, detailing steps such as calculating fixed end moments and applying equilibrium at joints. The method accounts for various factors that may cause joint translation, including loading conditions and frame geometry.

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Thato Vokwana
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5 views9 pages

SDM Lecture 2 - (2026)

The document discusses the Basic Slope-deflection Method for analyzing frames, categorizing them into three types based on joint translation possibilities. It provides examples and calculations for determining end moments in frames, detailing steps such as calculating fixed end moments and applying equilibrium at joints. The method accounts for various factors that may cause joint translation, including loading conditions and frame geometry.

Uploaded by

Thato Vokwana
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Slope-deflection Method

on Frames
by:

Cloepas Mpofu
Basic Slope-deflection Method on Frames
This method can be used to analyse frames.

Frames can be grouped into 3 categories:

1. Frames constructed without any possibility of joint translations

Examples with deformation lines


2. Frames capable of joint translation but will not undergo the joint translation because
of symmetry (both structure and loads)

Examples with deformation lines


3. Frames with a joint translation (sway).
The sway maybe due to the following reasons:
1. Eccentric or unsymmetrical loading on the frame.
2. Unsymmetrical shape of the frames.
3. Different end conditions of the columns of the frame.
4. Non uniform section of the members of the frame. (5)

5. Horizontal loading on the columns of the frame.


6. Settlement of the supports of the frame.
7. A combination of the above.

(3) (4)
(1) (2)
Example 1: Calculate the end moments of the Frame, Fig 3.1
2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹 2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹
𝑀𝐵𝐴= 2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐴 − + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − + 𝑀𝐵𝐶
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 2𝐸𝐼
= 2𝜃𝐵 + 0 − + 0.25 = 1 2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 + 0
2 2
= 𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 −1.5∆) + 0.25 =2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 +𝜃𝐶 )

2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹 2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐵 − + 𝑀𝐶𝐵 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐷 − + 𝑀𝐶𝐷
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
Fig 3.1 = 2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐵 − 0 + 0 = 2𝜃𝐶 + 0 − + 0
1 2 2
Step 1: Calculate the Fixed end moments =2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 +𝜃𝐵 ) =𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 −1.5∆)
𝐹 (1)(2) 𝐹 𝐹
𝑀𝐴𝐵 =- = - 0.25 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝑀𝐶𝐵 =0 2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹
8
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 2𝜃𝐷 + 𝜃𝐶 − + 𝑀𝐷𝐶
(1)(2) 𝐿 𝐿
𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 2𝐸𝐼 3∆
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = 0.25 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐶𝐷 =0 = 0 + 𝜃𝐶 − + 0
8
2 2
Step 2: Use the end moment equations =𝐸𝐼(𝜃𝐶 −1.5∆)
2𝐸𝐼 3∆ 𝐹
𝑀𝐴𝐵= 2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − + 𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝐿 𝐿
2𝐸𝐼
= 2
3∆
0 + 𝜃𝐵 − 2 + −0.25 There are 9 unknowns & 6 equations
= 𝐸𝐼(𝜃𝐵 −1.5∆) − 0.25
Step 3: Equilibrium at joints
Equilibrium at joint B (σ 𝑀𝐵 = 0):
Equilibrium at joint B & C (σ 𝑀𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 0):
𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪= 0
𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪= 0
𝑴𝑪𝑩 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫= 0 𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 −1.5∆) + 0.25 + 2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 +𝜃𝐶 ) = 0
Equilibrium by taking horizontal shear at A & D 6𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶 − 1.5∆ + 0.25 = 0
𝑨𝒙 +𝑫𝒙 + 𝟏= 0
Equilibrium at joint C (σ 𝑀𝐶 = 0):
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐸𝐼(𝜃𝐵 −1.5∆) − 0.25
𝑴𝑪𝑩 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫= 0 = −0.01201 − 1.5 0.18589 − 0.25
2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 +𝜃𝐵 ) + 𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 − 1.5∆) = 0 = −0.5408 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = −541 𝑁𝑚
6𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶 + 2𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 − 1.5𝐸𝐼∆= 0
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 −1.5∆) + 0.25
Equilibrium by taking horizontal shear at A & D = 2 −0.01201 − 1.5 0.18589 + 0.25
𝑨𝒙 +𝑫𝒙 + 𝟏= 0 = −0.052855 kNm = −52.9 Nm

0.5 𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 0.5 + 0.5 𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0


𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐵 +𝜃𝐶 ) 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 2𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 +𝜃𝐵 )
3𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶 + 3𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 − 6𝐸𝐼∆ + 1 = 0 21 =4
21
+ 2 −0.01201
= 4 −0.01201 + 2 416
416
= 0.1779 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 177.8 𝑁𝑚
6 2 −1.5 = 0.05292 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 52.9 𝑁𝑚
𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 −0.25
2 6 −1.5 𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶 = 0
−1
3 3 −6 𝐸𝐼∆ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝐸𝐼(2𝜃𝐶 −1.5∆)
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 𝐸𝐼(𝜃𝐶 −1.5∆)
21 21
EIθB = −0.01201 =2 − 1.5 0.18589 = 416 − 1.5 0.18589
21 416
EIθC = 416 = 0.1779𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 177.9 𝑁𝑚 = −0.2284 𝑘𝑁𝑚 = −228.4 𝑁𝑚
EI∆=0.18589

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