CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Prajapati Pradipkumar kantilal
Mr...............................................................................................................................
230110101046
with enrolment no. ......................................................... has successfully completed
his laboratory experiments in the Computer Networks from the department
School Of Engineering
of .................................................................................................................. during
the academic year 2024-25.
Date of Submission:......................... Staff In charge:...........................
Head Of Department:.........................................
TABLE OF CONTENT
Sr. Page No Date of Date of
Experiment Title Sign
No Start Completion
To From
How To Install Cisco Packet Tracer.
1 1 4 20/12/24 20/12/24
Study of following Network Devices in Detail.
Repeater
Hub
2 Switch 5 6 27/12/24 27/12/24
Bridge
Router
GateWay
How to Connect the Computers in Local Area
3 Network. 7 7 17/01/25 17/01/25
what is bus topology ? perform bus topology
4 in cisco packet tracer. 8 8 24/01/25 24/01/25
what is ring topology ? perform ring topology
5 in cisco packet tracer. 9 9 07/02/25 07/02/25
what is mesh topology ? perform mesh
6 topology in cisco packet tracer.
10 10 07/02/25 07/02/25
what is star topology ? perform star topology
7 in cisco packet tracer. 11 11 04/04/25 04/04/25
what is hybrid topology ? perform hybrid
8 topology in cisco packet tracer. 12 12 04/04/25 04/04/25
what is tree topology ? perform tree topology
9 in cisco packet tracer.
13 13 11/04/25 11/04/25
Performing an Initial Switch Configuration.
10 14 14 11/04/25 11/04/25
Performing an Initial Router Configuration.
11 15 15 15/04/25 15/04/25
Configuring and Troubleshooting a Switched
12 Network. 16 16 15/04/25 15/04/25
EXPERIMENT NO: 1
AIM: How To Install Cisco Packet Tracer.
STEP 1: Visit the official website Netacad using any web browser.
STEP 2 : Press the login button and select log In option, the login screen appears again so fill in
the Email id, the next screen enter the password and press the Login button.
STEP 3: Dashboard will initialize, now click on Resources and choose Download Packet Tracer
Option. On the next web page choose the operating system to download the packet tracer.
Downloading will start automatically.
1
STEP 4: Check for the executable file in your system and run it. Next screen is of License
Agreement so Click on I accept the license.
STEP 5: Choose the installing location which has sufficient space.
STEP 6: Select the start menu folder and click the Next button.
2
STEP 7: Check the box for creating a desktop icon and click on the Next button.
STEP 8: Now packet tracer is ready to install so click on the Install button.
STEP 9: The installation process will start and will hardly take a minute.
3
STEP 10: Click on the Finish button to complete the installation.
STEP 11: An icon is created on the desktop so run it. Interface is initialized and the software is
ready to use.
4
EXPERIMENT NO: 2
AIM: Study of following Network Devices in Detail.
• Repeater
• Hub
• Switch
• Bridge
• Router
• GateWay
1. Repeater
Function: A repeater regenerates and amplifies signals to extend their range in a network.
It's useful in overcoming signal degradation over long distances.
Application: Often used in wired and wireless networks to maintain signal strength.
Limitation: Cannot connect different network types; only operates at the physical layer of
the OSI model.
2. Hub
Function: A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple computers or devices
in a network. It broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices.
Application: Commonly used in small-scale networks.
Limitation: Inefficient as it sends data to all devices regardless of the destination;
operates at the physical layer.
3. Switch
Function: A switch connects devices within a network and directs data to the specific
device it is meant for. It operates at the data link layer.
Application: Used in both small and large networks for efficient communication between
devices.
Limitation: More expensive than hubs; doesn’t provide routing functionality for external
networks.
4. Bridge
Function: Bridges connect two or more networks and manage traffic between them,
functioning at the data link layer.
Application: Used to divide larger networks into smaller segments or connect different
network segments.
Limitation: Cannot connect networks using different communication protocol
5
5. Router
Function: Routers direct data packets between networks and ensure they reach the correct
destination. They operate at the network layer.
Application: Essential for internet connectivity, as they connect local networks to
external networks like the internet.
Limitation: More complex and expensive than hubs and switches.
6. Gateway
Function: A gateway acts as a bridge between two different networks with different
protocols, enabling communication and data transfer.
Application: Often used to connect an enterprise network to external networks or manage
communication between dissimilar systems.
Limitation: Can introduce latency due to the translation of protocols.
6
EXPERIMENT NO: 3
AIM: How to Connect the Computers in Local Area Network.
Connecting computers in a Local Area Network (LAN) is straightforward. Here's a step-by-step
guide:
1. Gather Required Equipment
Networking Devices: A switch, hub, or router.
Cables: Ethernet cables (preferably CAT5e or CAT6 for better speed and performance).
Network Interface Cards (NICs): Ensure each computer has a built-in or external NIC.
Power Source: For the networking devices.
2. Connect the Devices
Plug the switch, hub, or router into a power source.
Use Ethernet cables to connect each computer's NIC to the switch/hub/router. Plug one
end of the cable into the Ethernet port on the computer and the other end into the
networking device.
3. Configure Network Settings
On Windows:
1. Open Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Change Adapter
Settings.
2. Right-click your network connection and select Properties.
3. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
4. Assign an IP address to each computer (e.g., 192.168.1.X, where X is unique for
each device) and ensure they are in the same subnet.
On macOS/Linux:
o Go to System Preferences > Network (macOS) or Network Settings (Linux).
o Assign static IPs or use DHCP.
4. Set Up Network Sharing
Enable File and Printer Sharing:
o In Network and Sharing Center (Windows), choose Advanced Sharing
Settings and turn on sharing options.
Share specific folders or drives by right-clicking on them, selecting Properties, and
enabling sharing.
5. Verify the Connection
Ping each computer from another to test connectivity:
o Open the Command Prompt or Terminal.
o Type ping <IP address> (e.g., ping [Link]).
Ensure the devices can share files and access shared resources.
6. Optional: Internet Connectivity
If you want internet access in the LAN, connect the router to the internet source and
configure it accordingly.
7
EXPERIMENT NO: 4
AIM: What is bus topology ? Perform bus topology in cisco packet tracer.
Bus Topology :- In bus topology, one long single communication channel & all the
devices are connected to this cable. Bus Topology is a network type in which every
computer and network device is connected to a single cable.
8
EXPERIMENT NO: 5
AIM: What is ring topology ? Perform ring topology in cisco packet tracer.
Ring Topology:- It called ring topology because it forms a ring. In this topology each
nodes is strongly connected with its adjacent node. In a Ring Topology, it forms a ring
connecting devices with exactly two neighboring devices.
9
EXPERIMENT NO: 6
AIM: What is mesh topology ? Perform mesh topology in cisco packet tracer.
Mesh Topology:- In this topology each an every computer is directly connected with
each-other, so we can directly send the data to the destination machine without going to
intermediate machine.
10
EXPERIMENT NO: 7
AIM: What is star topology ? Perform star topology in cisco packet tracer.
Star Topology:- The star topology all the nodes are connected with a central device
called hub and the sharing of data is only possible through hub. In Star Topology, all the
devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all
other nodes are connected to the central node.
11
EXPERIMENT NO: 8
AIM: What is hybrid topology ? Perform hybrid topology in cisco packet tracer.
Hybrid Topology:- Combination of various difference topology is called topology.
12
EXPERIMENT NO: 9
AIM: What is tree topology ? Perform tree topology in cisco packet tracer.
Tree Topology:- In this topology, all the nodes are connected like a branches of tree. The
Combination of BUS & STAR topology is called tree topology.
13
EXPERIMENT NO: 10
AIM: Performing an Initial Switch Configuration.
Input :
14
Output :
15
16
EXPERIMENT NO: 11
AIM: Performing an Initial Router Configuration.
Input :
17
Output :
18
EXPERIMENT NO: 12
AIM: Configuring and Troubleshooting a Switched Network.
Input :
19
Output :
20
21