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Module5 VTU DBMS Notes

The document discusses concurrency control methods like timestamp ordering and multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) to maintain consistency in transactions. It also covers document-based NoSQL databases such as MongoDB, which store data in flexible formats, and the Neo4j graph database model for connected data. Additionally, it explains the CAP theorem and provides examples of CRUD operations in MongoDB.

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5 views2 pages

Module5 VTU DBMS Notes

The document discusses concurrency control methods like timestamp ordering and multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) to maintain consistency in transactions. It also covers document-based NoSQL databases such as MongoDB, which store data in flexible formats, and the Neo4j graph database model for connected data. Additionally, it explains the CAP theorem and provides examples of CRUD operations in MongoDB.

Uploaded by

spy47761
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 5 - Concurrency Control and NoSQL (VTU DBMS)

1. Concurrency Control Using Timestamp Ordering:

Each transaction is assigned a unique timestamp when it starts. This timestamp is used to order the

operations. When a transaction reads or writes, it is allowed only if it does not conflict with more

recent transactions. Otherwise, it is aborted. This helps maintain consistency and avoids conflicts.

2. Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC):

MVCC stores multiple versions of a data item. Transactions read the latest version valid at their start

time. Writers create a new version instead of modifying the existing one. This avoids read-write

conflicts and increases system concurrency.

3. Document-Based NoSQL Databases:

Stores data in document formats like JSON or BSON. Each document can have a different structure

(schema-less). Example: MongoDB. Documents contain key-value pairs and support nested objects.

They are flexible, scalable, and used in dynamic web applications.

4. Neo4j Data Model:

Neo4j is a graph database with nodes (entities), relationships (edges), and properties (key-value

pairs). Useful for connected data like social networks. Example: (Alice)-[:FRIEND]->(Bob). Cypher is

the query language used in Neo4j.

5. Two-Phase Locking (2PL):

2PL ensures serializability using two phases:

- Growing: transaction acquires all required locks.

- Shrinking: transaction releases locks and cannot acquire more.

Strict 2PL holds exclusive locks until commit. It ensures conflict-free execution but can lead to
deadlocks.

6. CAP Theorem:

CAP stands for Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. The theorem says that in a

distributed system, only two out of three can be guaranteed at a time. For example, MongoDB

chooses Availability and Partition Tolerance (AP).

7. MongoDB CRUD Operations:

- Create: [Link]({ name: "John", age: 25 });

- Read: [Link]({ age: { $gt: 20 } });

- Update: [Link]({ name: "John" }, { $set: { age: 26 } });

- Delete: [Link]({ name: "John" });

These operations help manage documents efficiently.

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