Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

Module5 VTU DBMS Notes

The document covers concurrency control methods such as Timestamp Ordering and Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC), which help maintain consistency and avoid conflicts in transactions. It also discusses document-based NoSQL databases like MongoDB, the Neo4j graph database model, and the Two-Phase Locking protocol for ensuring serializability. Additionally, it explains the CAP Theorem and provides examples of CRUD operations in MongoDB.

Uploaded by

spy47761
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

Module5 VTU DBMS Notes

The document covers concurrency control methods such as Timestamp Ordering and Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC), which help maintain consistency and avoid conflicts in transactions. It also discusses document-based NoSQL databases like MongoDB, the Neo4j graph database model, and the Two-Phase Locking protocol for ensuring serializability. Additionally, it explains the CAP Theorem and provides examples of CRUD operations in MongoDB.

Uploaded by

spy47761
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 5 - Concurrency Control and NoSQL (VTU DBMS)

1. Concurrency Control Using Timestamp Ordering:

Each transaction is assigned a unique timestamp when it starts. This timestamp is used to order the

operations. When a transaction reads or writes, it is allowed only if it does not conflict with more

recent transactions. Otherwise, it is aborted. This helps maintain consistency and avoids conflicts.

2. Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC):

MVCC stores multiple versions of a data item. Transactions read the latest version valid at their start

time. Writers create a new version instead of modifying the existing one. This avoids read-write

conflicts and increases system concurrency.

3. Document-Based NoSQL Databases:

Stores data in document formats like JSON or BSON. Each document can have a different structure

(schema-less). Example: MongoDB. Documents contain key-value pairs and support nested objects.

They are flexible, scalable, and used in dynamic web applications.

4. Neo4j Data Model:

Neo4j is a graph database with nodes (entities), relationships (edges), and properties (key-value

pairs). Useful for connected data like social networks. Example: (Alice)-[:FRIEND]->(Bob). Cypher is

the query language used in Neo4j.

5. Two-Phase Locking (2PL):

2PL ensures serializability using two phases:

- Growing: transaction acquires all required locks.

- Shrinking: transaction releases locks and cannot acquire more.

Strict 2PL holds exclusive locks until commit. It ensures conflict-free execution but can lead to
deadlocks.

6. CAP Theorem:

CAP stands for Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. The theorem says that in a

distributed system, only two out of three can be guaranteed at a time. For example, MongoDB

chooses Availability and Partition Tolerance (AP).

7. MongoDB CRUD Operations:

- Create: [Link]({ name: "John", age: 25 });

- Read: [Link]({ age: { $gt: 20 } });

- Update: [Link]({ name: "John" }, { $set: { age: 26 } });

- Delete: [Link]({ name: "John" });

These operations help manage documents efficiently.

You might also like