NEET

MODULE - B
[Link]. Chapter Name Page No.

1. Circular Motion 01 – 40

2. Collisions and Centre of Mass 41 – 81

3. Rotational Motion 83 – 147

4. Gravitation 149 – 197

5. Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics 199 – 262

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Circular Motion ALLEN

Chapter No. 01

CIRCULAR MOTION
Contents Page No.
–”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ͵
‰—Žƒ”‘•‹–‹‘ǡ‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ ”‡“—‡ ›ǡ‹‡‡”‹‘† ͵
‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‰—Žƒ”‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†‹‡ƒ”‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͷ
‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͸

‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‰—Žƒ”‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͹
‰—Žƒ” ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ͺ
“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ͳͲ

 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ͳͳ

›ƒ‹ •‘ˆ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ͳͶ

‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ͳͷ
ƒ‹‰‘ˆ‘ƒ†• ͳ͹
‘‹ ƒŽ‡†—Ž—ǡ‘–‘”ƒ†‡ƒ–Š‡ŽŽ ʹͲ
‡”–‹ ƒŽ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ ʹͳ

‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘”‘‘’‹‰–Š‡‘‘’ ʹ͵

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ʹͻ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ”‡˜‹‘—•‡ƒ”•—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͵͸

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͵ͻ

NEET SYLLABUS
Uniform circular motion, Dynamics of uniform circular motion. Centripetal force, examples of circular motion
(vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road). Vertical circular motion.

[Link] [1]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

RAJA RAMANNA

‡ ™ƒ• „‘” ‘ ƒ—ƒ”› ʹͺǡ ͳͻʹͷ ƒ– ——”ǡ ƒ”ƒ–ƒƒǤ Šƒ† ’‹ ‡† „› –Š‡
ˆ‘—†‡”‘ˆ †‹ƒǯ•— Ž‡ƒ”’”‘‰”ƒǡ”Ǥ ‘‹Šƒ„Šƒǡ”ǤƒŒƒƒƒƒ™ƒ•ƒ
‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‡† ’Š›•‹ ‹•– ƒ† — Ž‡ƒ” • ‹‡–‹•– –Šƒ– †‹ƒ Šƒ† ‡˜‡” ’”‘†— ‡†Ǥ 
—Ž–‹ˆƒ ‡–‡† ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› ”Ǥ ƒŒƒ ƒƒƒ ’Žƒ›‡† –Š‡ ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹•–ǡ
— Ž‡ƒ”’Š›•‹ ‹•–ǡƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”ǡŽ‡ƒ†‡”ǡ—•‹ ‹ƒǡƒ•”‹–Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡• Š‘Žƒ”ǡƒ†
’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”Ǥ‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡‡†Ž‡••Ž‹•–‘ˆŠ‘‘”•–Šƒ––Š‹•‘„Ž‡ƒ
™ƒ•‰‹ˆ–‡†™‹–ŠǡŠ‡™ƒ•ƒ ‘’Ž‡–‡Š—ƒ„‡‹‰Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡•–‡’•‘ˆŠ‹•‹†‡ƒŽ•
”Ǥ ‘‹ Šƒ„Šƒ ƒ† ‹”ƒ ƒ”ƒ„Šƒ‹ǡ ƒƒƒ ƒƒ‰‡† –‘ ‰”ƒ„ ƒ ƒŒ‘” ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‹ •Šƒ’‹‰ ‹†‹ƒǯ•
‡‡”‰› ƒ† •‡ —”‹–› ’”‘‰”ƒ•Ǥ ‡ ‹• ”‡‰ƒ”†‡† ƒ• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ”‡ƒ–‘”• ‘ˆ • ‹‡ ‡ ƒ†
–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›‹ †‹ƒ™‹–Š–Š‡–”‡‡†‘—••— ‡••‘ˆ †‹ƒǯ•’‡ƒ ‡ˆ—Ž‡š’Ž‘•‹‘‡š’‡”‹‡–Ǥ

VIKRAM SARABHAI

‹”ƒ „ƒŽƒŽ ƒ”ƒ„Šƒ‹ ™ƒ• „‘” ‘ —‰—•– ͳʹǡ ͳͻͳͻ ƒ– Š‡†ƒ„ƒ† ‹ ƒ
ƒˆˆŽ—‡–ˆƒ‹Ž›‘ˆ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ‹•–•Ǥ ‡™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡†–Š‡ˆƒ–Š‡”‘ˆ–Š‡
†‹ƒ •’ƒ ‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ Ǣ ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‹ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ –Š‡ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š
Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›ȋȌ‹Š‡†ƒ„ƒ†‹‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͶ͹Ǣ™ƒ•Šƒ‹”ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘‹ 
‡”‰›‘‹••‹‘Ǥ’ƒ”–ˆ”‘„‡‹‰ƒ• ‹‡–‹•–ǡŠ‡™ƒ•ƒ”ƒ”‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ
‹‘˜ƒ–‘”ǡ‹†—•–”ƒŽ‹•–ƒ†˜‹•‹‘ƒ”›Ǥ‹”ƒƒ”ƒ„Šƒ‹†‹†”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡–‹‡
˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ‘•‹  ”ƒ›• ƒ† ‘ Ž—†‡† –Šƒ– ‡–‡‘”‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘—Ž† ‘–
‡–‹”‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡‘„•‡”˜‡††ƒ‹Ž›˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ‘•‹ ”ƒ›•Ǣˆ—”–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡•‹†—ƒŽ
˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡™‹†‡ƒ†‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ†–Š‡•‡™‡”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‹•‘Žƒ”ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ‹”ƒƒ”ƒ„Šƒ‹
˜‹•—ƒŽ‹œ‡†ƒ‡™ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘’‡‹‰—’‹•‘Žƒ”ƒ†‹–‡”’Žƒ‡–ƒ”›Š›•‹ •Ǥƒ”ƒ„Šƒ‹•‡–—’–Š‡ˆ‹”•–
‘ ‡–ƒ— Š‹‰•–ƒ–‹‘ȋȌ‹–Š‡ ‘—–”›ƒ–Š—„ƒ‡ƒ” Š‹”—˜ƒƒ–Šƒ’—”ƒ‘–Š‡”ƒ„‹ƒ
‘ƒ•–ǡƒ•Š—„ƒ‹•˜‡”› Ž‘•‡–‘–Š‡“—ƒ–‘”ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–”‘ ‡–™‹–Š•‘†‹—˜ƒ’‘—”’ƒ›Ž‘ƒ†™ƒ•Žƒ— Š‡†
‘‘˜‡„‡”ʹͳǡͳͻ͸͵Ǥ ͳͻ͸ͷǡ–Š‡ ‡‡”ƒŽ••‡„Ž›‰ƒ˜‡”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘–‘ƒ•ƒ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–›Ǥ

[2] [Link]
 01 Circular Motion

Introduction of Circular Motion

ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•‹ƒ’Žƒ‡•— Š –Šƒ–‹–•†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘ƒˆ‹š‡†ȋ‘”‘˜‹‰Ȍ’‘‹–”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡
–Š‡‘–‹‘‹• ƒŽŽ‡†circular motion ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–Šƒ–ˆ‹š‡†‘”‘˜‹‰’‘‹–Ǥ
Šƒ–ˆ‹š‡†’‘‹–‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†–Š‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰†‹•–ƒ ‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–ŠǤ
Š‡˜‡ –‘”Œ‘‹‹‰ ‡–”‡‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡ƒ†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹• ƒŽŽ‡†”ƒ†‹—•˜‡ –‘”Ǥ –Šƒ•
‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ†˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ
Angular Position, Displacement, Velocity, Frequency, Time Period
Angular position:
‘ †‡ ‹†‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ’‘‹– ‹ •’ƒ ‡ ™‡ ‡‡† –‘ •’‡ ‹ˆ› ›
ȋ‹Ȍ‘”‹‰‹ƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†‡„›–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ‘”‹‰‹ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡

‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
Ž‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ T  š
 ‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡
”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
‹” —Žƒ” ‘–‹‘ ‹• ƒ –™‘ †‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ ‘–‹‘ ‘” ‘–‹‘ ‹ ƒ ’Žƒ‡Ǥ
—’’‘•‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ† ‡–”‡Ǥ
Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ–ƒ‰‹˜‡‹•–ƒ–ƒ›„‡†‡• ”‹„‡†„›–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡T „‡–™‡‡ƒ†
ǤŠ‹•ƒ‰Ž‡T ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
Unit ǣ”ƒ†‹ƒȋ Ȍ
Angular Displacement:
‰Ž‡–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‘–ƒ–‡•‹ƒ‰‹˜‡–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†
ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ
›
‰—Žƒ” †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– †‡’‡†• ‘ ‘”‹‰‹ǡ „—– ‹– †‘‡• ‘– †‡’‡† ‘ –Š‡
”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡Ǥ•–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•‘ƒ„‘˜‡ ‹” Ž‡ǡ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘T 

Šƒ‰‡•Ǥ—’’‘•‡–Š‡’‘‹–”‘–ƒ–‡•–Š”‘—‰Šƒƒ‰Ž‡'T ‹–‹‡'–ǡ–Š‡'T 'T 

‹•ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ
š
” • 
‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–α Ÿ 'T ™Š‡”‡•‹•ƒ” Ž‡‰–Š–‘
ƒ†‹—• ”
• Unit ǣ ”ƒ†‹ƒȋ Ȍ
• –‹•ƒ†‹‡•‹‘Ž‡••“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ
͵͸Ͳ‘
• ͳ”ƒ†‹ƒα Ÿ S ”ƒ†‹ƒαͳͺͲι
ʹS

[Link] [3]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Important Points:
• Ž‘ ™‹•‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•–ƒ‡ƒ•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒ•’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ǥ
• –‹•ƒƒš‹ƒŽ˜‡ –‘”ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡
ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹•‰‹˜‡„›”‹‰Š–Šƒ†–Š—„”—Ž‡Ǥ
• ƒŽŽƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•ƒ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–›ǡ
—–Žƒ”‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•‘–ƒ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–›ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–†‘‡•‘–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ ‘—–ƒ–‹˜‡
Žƒ™‘ˆ˜‡ –‘”ƒ††‹–‹‘Ǥ †Tͳ  †Tʹ †Tʹ  †Tͳ „—– Tͳ  Tʹ z Tʹ  Tͳ
†T
• ‘‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•ʹS ”ƒ†‹ƒǤ
• ˆƒ„‘†›ƒ‡•”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•ǡ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–T αʹS ”ƒ†‹ƒ•
Frequency (f):
—„‡”‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•†‡• ”‹„‡†„›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’‡”•‡ ‘†‹•‹–•ˆ”‡“—‡ ›Ǥ
Unit : ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”•‡ ‘†ȋ”’•Ȍ‘”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”‹—–‡ȋ”’Ȍ
ͳ”’•α͸Ͳ”’
Time Period (T):
ͳ
–‹•–Š‡–‹‡–ƒ‡„›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ 
ˆ
Unit : Š‡”–œȋ œȌ‘”•Ȃͳ
Illustration 1
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡• ‘‡–Š‹”† ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹ͲǤ͸•Ǥ ‹†
ȋ‹Ȍ‹‡’‡”‹‘† ȋ‹‹Ȍ ”‡“—‡ › ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒˆ–‡”ͳǤͺ•
Solution:
ȋ‹Ȍƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡•‘‡–Š‹”† ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹ͲǤ͸•
ͲǤ͸
? ‹‡–ƒ‡„›–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡•‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘α ͳǤͺ•
ͳȀ͵
ͳ ͳ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ  ? ˆ Š‡”–œȋ œȌ‘”•Ȃͳ
ˆ ͳǤͺ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ͳǤͺ•’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡•‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ•‘ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–α ʹS ”ƒ†‹ƒ
Illustration 2
•–—†‡–”—•͵Ͳƒ”‘—†ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”–”ƒ ‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͳͲͲǤŠƒ–‹•Š‹•ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǫ
Solution:
ˆ–‡””—‹‰͵Ͳǡ–Š‡•–—†‡–”‡ƒ Š‡•’‘‹–ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡Ʌƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ
ȟɅαɅʹ Ȃ Ʌͳ 
‡”‡ǡ ͵Ͳ
Ʌͳ αͲƒ†
T
Ʌʹ αɅ š
 ͷͲ
” ͵Ͳ
‘™ǡ T ”ƒ† ”ƒ† ȋƒ†‹—•α‹ƒ‡–‡”ȀʹȌ
ƒ†‹—• ͷͲ
֜ ‰—Žƒ”‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–α οɅα ͲǤ͸”ƒ†ȋ–‹Ǧ Ž‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ

[4] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 3
 ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡• ͳǤͷ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ʹ Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ ȋ‹”ƒ†‹ƒȌ
Solution:
”
‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ T
ƒ†‹—•
‡”‡ ƒ” Ž‡‰–ŠǡαȋʹS”Ȍ αͳǤͷȋʹS έʹέͳͲȂʹȌα͸S έͳͲȂʹ
͸S u ͳͲʹ
? 'T α α͵S ”ƒ†‹ƒ
ʹ u ͳͲʹ
Relation between Angular Velocity and Linear Velocity
Angular velocity (Z Z)
–‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆƒ‘˜‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–‹‡Ǥ
• Unit : ƒ†‹ƒȀ•‡ Ȉ –•†‹‡•‹‘‹•ȏͲͲȂͳȐ
Average angular velocity (Zavg):
‘–ƒŽ ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– Tʹ Ȃ Tͳ 'T
Zƒ˜‰ Zƒ˜‰
‘–ƒŽ–‹‡–ƒ‡ –ʹ Ȃ –ͳ '–
™Š‡”‡Tͳ ƒ†Tʹ ƒ”‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ––‹‡–ͳ ƒ†–ʹǤ‹ ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”ǡ
ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ• ƒŽƒ”Ǥ
• ˆƒ„‘†›ƒ‡•Ǯǯ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•‹Ǯ–ǯ•‡ ‘†•–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹”ƒ†‹ƒ’‡”•‡ ‘†™‹ŽŽ„‡
ʹS
Zƒ˜‰
–
ʹS
• ˆ‹•–Š‡’‡”‹‘†ƒ†Ǯˆǯ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡ ›‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡ Zƒ˜‰ ʹSˆ

Illustration 4
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š ‘’Ž‡–‡•ˆ‹”•–‘‡–Š‹”†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹ʹ•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡‡š–‘‡
–Š‹”†‹ͳ•ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡‹–•ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
Solution:
ʹS ʹS
Tͳ ƒ† Tʹ Ǣ ‘–ƒŽ–‹‡αʹΪͳα͵•
͵ ͵
ʹS ʹS ͶS

T T ͵ ͶS ”ƒ†Ȁ•
? δZ εα ͳ ʹ ͵ ͵
 ͵ ͵ ͻ
Instantaneous angular velocity (Zins):
'T †T
–‹•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–ƒ›‹•–ƒ–‘ˆ–‹‡Ǥ Z‹•– Ž‹
'– oͲ '– †– ሬԦ
˜
‹ ‡ ‹ˆ‹‹–‡•‹ƒŽŽ› •ƒŽŽ ƒ‰—Žƒ” †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– †T ‹• ƒ ˜‡ –‘” “—ƒ–‹–›ǡ
‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Z ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ˜‡ –‘”ǡ™Š‘•‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‹•‰‹˜‡„› ”Ԧ
”‹‰Š–Šƒ†–Š—„”—Ž‡Ǥ
‘’‘‡–‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰ A ‘
Z‹•–
Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰ ”

[Link] [5]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Relation between linear and angular velocity
'•
'T
”
'• ”'T ”
‹˜‹†‡„‘–Š–Š‡•‹†‡„›–‘–ƒŽ–‹‡–ƒ‡
‘ 'T ο•
'• 'T
”
'– '–
Ž‹ '– o Ͳ ”
†• †T
”
†– †– ሬሬԦ
ɘ
˜ Z”
˜‡ –‘”ˆ”‘ǡ ˜ Zu ”
˜ ‹‡ƒ”‡Ž‘ ‹–› ሬԦ
˜
Z ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
”Ԧ
” ”ƒ†‹—•˜‡ –‘”‘”’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”
Note: ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡƒŽŽ–Š‡–Š”‡‡˜‡ –‘”• ˜ǡ Zƒ†”” ƒ”‡—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ
‡”‡ǡ ˜ A Z A ” ˜AZ ? ˜ǤZ Ͳ
ZA ” ? ZǤ”
ZǤ”” Ͳ
˜A” ? ˜Ǥ”” Ͳ
Illustration 5
 ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ– •’‡‡† ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–ŠǤ ‹† –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› –‘ ‹–•
S
‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡†‡• ”‹„‡•ƒƒ‰Ž‡ ”ƒ†‹ƒǤ
ʹ
Solution:
T T S
‹‡–ƒ‡–‘†‡• ”‹„‡ƒ‰Ž‡ Tǡ –
Z ˜ ʹ˜
‘–ƒŽ †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ʹ ʹ ʹ
˜‡”ƒ‰‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›α ˜
‘–ƒŽ –‹‡ S Ȁ ʹ˜ S
•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›α˜
ʹ ʹ
Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›–‘‹–•‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›α
S
Illustration 6
ʹͷ
‹•‡ –‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• •–‡ƒ†‹Ž›ƒ† ‘’Ž‡–‡•ͳͲ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•‹ͷͲ•ǤŠƒ–‹•
S
–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†ƒ†–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ž‹‡ƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‹‘ǫ
Solution:
ʹͷ ͳ
ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡α  
S ͶS
‹‡–ƒ‡ˆ‘”ͳͲ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•αͷͲ•
ͷͲ
‘ǡ–‹‡–ƒ‡ˆ‘”ͳ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘α–‹‡’‡”‹‘†α ͷ•
ͳͲ

[6] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
ͳ
‘ǡ‹ͳ•‡ ‘†ǡ ͲǤʹ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ
ͷ
ʹS
‘ǡƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†α ʹSˆ αʹS έͲǤʹαͲǤͶS ”ƒ†•Ȃͳ

ͳ
†Ž‹‡ƒ”•’‡‡†ǡ ˜ Z” ͲǤͶSu ͲǤͳ Ȁ • ͳͲ  Ȁ •
ͶS
Relative Angular Velocity
‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ̵̵ ™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ ƒ‘–Š‡” ‘˜‹‰
 Tͳ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ™Ǥ”Ǥ–ǤǤ  
–‡ƒ•–Š‡”ƒ–‡ƒ–™Š‹ Š–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ̵̵™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ”‘–ƒ–‡• ”
ƒ––Šƒ–‹•–ƒ–Ǥ  •‹Tͳ
Tʹ
ȋ ȌA ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘Ž‹‡  •‹Tʹ
Z α 
” •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ƒ†
 •‹ Tͳ   •‹ Tʹ
‡”‡ȋ  ȌA α  •‹Tͳ Ϊ  •‹Tʹ ? Z α
”
Illustration 7
™‘‘˜‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡ͷƒ’ƒ”–ƒ–ƒ›‹•–ƒ–Ǥ‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‹•  ͵͹ι
ͳͲ Ȁ• ƒ† –Šƒ– ‘ˆ  ‹• ͳͷȀ•Ǥ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ  ™‹–Š  
”
”‡•’‡ ––‘Ǥ
ͷ͵ι
Solution:

˜  
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘ ‹•Ǣ Z A

”
 ͵͹ι
˜  ͸  ȋͳʹȌ ͳͺ Ȁ • ͳͷȀ• ͳͲȀ•
A
ͷ
” αͷ ͳͷ•‹ͷ͵ι ͳͲ•‹͵͹ια ͸Ȁ•
αͳʹȀ• ͷ͵ι
˜  ͳͺ
Z A
”ƒ†‹ƒ Ȁ •‡ 
” ͷ

Illustration 8
 ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ– •’‡‡† ‹ ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ƒ• •Š‘™ǡ ˆ‹† –Š‡ ˜
”
ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡  ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ – –‘ ˆ‹š‡† ’‘‹–  ƒ† ǡ ‹ˆ 
   ”
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‹•ZǤ
Solution:
˜  ˜
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‹•Ǣ Z A
Z
” ”

˜  ˜ Z ˜  ˜ Z
? Z A
ƒ† Z A

” ʹ” ʹ ” ͵” ͵

[Link] [7]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 9
ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†‘˜‡™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†‡“—ƒŽ•’‡‡†•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ
–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘ǡ‹ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ‹•ZǤ
Solution:
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‹•
˜  ˜ ˜ 
Z A
Z Ÿ ‘™ǡ Z A

” ” ” ˜

˜  αʹ˜ǡ•‹ ‡ ˜  ‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘ ”  

 ”
˜  ʹ˜ ˜
? ˜  A
˜  ʹ˜ Ǣ ” ʹ” Ÿ Z A
Z
” ʹ”
Illustration 10 †
˜
‹†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥƒ––Š‡‹•–ƒ–•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ 
†
Solution:  ˜

˜ 
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‹•Ǣ Z A

”
ȋ ˜  ȌA α˜ ‘•ͶͷιȂ ȋȂ˜ ‘•ͶͷιȌ †  ˜
˜ ˜ Ͷͷι
˜   ʹ˜ ˜
A
ʹ ʹ †
˜ ξʹ
Ͷͷι
” ʹ† ξʹ ˜

˜  ʹ˜ ˜
Z A

” ʹ† †
Angular Acceleration
–‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–‹‡Ǥ
Average angular acceleration ( Davg ) :
‡– Z‹ ƒ† Zˆ „‡ –Š‡ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ƒ– –‹‡• –ͳ ƒ† –ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡
Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
Šƒ Zˆ  Z‹ 'Z Z
ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ• Dƒ˜‰ α
‘–ƒŽ–‹‡–ƒ‡ – ʹ  – ͳ '–
Instantaneous angular acceleration ( D inst ) :
–‹•–Š‡Ž‹‹–‘ˆƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ•'–ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡•œ‡”‘ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ
'Z
Z †Z
D ‹•– Ž‹
'– o Ͳ †– †–
†T †Z
•‹ ‡ Z ǡ ?D ȓŠ‡Z ‹•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–Ȕ
†– †–

D
†ʹ T
α ȓŠ‡T ‹•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–Ȕ
†– ʹ
†Z
† Z
Ž•‘ D Z ȓŠ‡Z ‹•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆTȔ
†T

[8] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Important points:
• Unit : ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ Ȉ Dimensions : ȏͲͲǦʹȐ
• ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒƒš‹ƒŽ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ –̵• †‹”‡ –‹‘‹•–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
• ˆD αͲǡ–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡—‹ˆ‘”Ǥ
• ˆD βͲǡ–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘”Ǥ
• ˆ†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹••ƒ‡–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
• ˆ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ† ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘’’‘•‹–‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ

†Ʌ †ɘ
†– †–
T Z D
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ–‹‡ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ–‹‡

‫ ׬‬Ƚ †–
D 'Z
–‡‰”ƒ–‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ–‹‡

νɘ †–
Z 'T
–‡‰”ƒ–‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ–‹‡

Illustration 11
–͵ –ʹ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͷ ƒ†‹–•–‹‡†‡’‡†‡–ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘‹•ǡ T 
͵ ʹ
”ƒ†‹ƒǤ ‹†
ȋ‹Ȍ ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹ˆ‹”•–͵•
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹ˆ‹”•–͵•
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––αʹ•
ȋ‹˜Ȍ ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ––αʹ•
Solution:

ȋ‹Ȍ ƒ––αͲ•ǡT αͲ †T ͵– ʹ ʹ–

ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ Z‹•– α  ȋ– ʹ  –Ȍ
ƒ––α͵• †– ͵ ʹ

ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋ͵Ȍʹ ͻ ƒ––αʹǡ Z‹•– ȋʹȌʹ  ʹ ʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡

T  αͻȂ αͶǤͷ”ƒ†‹ƒǤ
͵ ʹ ʹ
†Z †ʹT
ȋ‹˜Ȍ D‹•– αʹ–Ȃ ͳ
‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹ˆ‹”•–͵•αͶǤͷ”ƒ†‹ƒǤ †– †– ʹ
ͶǤͷ”ƒ† ͵ ƒ––αʹǡD αʹȋʹȌȂͳα͵”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Zƒ˜‰ ”ƒ† Ȁ •
͵• ʹ

[Link] [9]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 12
†‹• •–ƒ”–•ˆ”‘”‡•–ƒ†‰ƒ‹•ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‰‹˜‡„›D α͵–Ȃ –ʹ ȋ™Š‡”‡–‹•‹•‡ ‘†•Ȍ—’‘
–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ–‘”“—‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡‹–•ȋ‹Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒˆ–‡”ʹ•‡ ƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒˆ–‡”
ʹ•‡ Ǥ
Solution:
†Z †T
ȋ‹Ȍ D α͵–Ȃ –ʹ ȋ‹‹Ȍ Z
†– †–
Z T
– –
§ ͵– ʹ – ͵ ·
Ÿ ³ †Z ³ ȋ͵–  – Ȍ†–
ʹ
Ÿ ³ †T ³Ͳ ¨© ʹ  ͵ ¸¹ †–
Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ

͵– ʹ – ͵ ª –͵ – Ͷ º
ʹ
Ÿ Z α  ŸT «  »
ʹ ͵
¬ ʹ ͳʹ ¼ Ͳ
ͳͲ
Ÿ ƒ––αʹ•ǡ Z α ”ƒ†Ȁ• ª ͺ ͳ͸ º ͺ
͵ ŸT «  » ”ƒ†
¬ ʹ ͳʹ ¼ ͵
Equation of circular motion
Translatory / Linear Motion Rotational Motion
‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ—Ȍ ‹–‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋZͲȌ
‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ˜Ȍ ‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋZȌ
‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ȋ•Ȍ ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ȋTȌ
 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ȋƒȌ ‰—Žƒ” ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ȋDȌ
ˆ ƒα ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡ ˆ D α ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡
˜α—Ϊƒ– Z αZͲ ΪD–
ͳ ʹ ͳ
•α—–Ϊ ƒ– T αZͲ–Ϊ D–ʹ
ʹ ʹ
˜ʹ α—ʹ Ϊʹƒ• Zʹ αZͲʹ ΪʹDT
ƒ D
•  –Š α—Ϊ ȋʹȂͳȌ
ʹ T–Š αZͲ Ϊ ȋʹȂͳȌ
ʹ
§ —˜ · § Z Z·
•α ¨ ¸– T α¨ Ͳ ¸–
© ʹ ¹ © ʹ ¹
Illustration 13
 ˆƒ ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͳͲͲ ”‡˜Ȁ•‡ Ǥ Š‡ ‹– ‹• •™‹– Š‡† ‘ˆˆǤ – –ƒ‡• ͷ ‹—–‡• –‘ •–‘’Ǥ
ȋƒȌ ‹† –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ƒ†‡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹– •–‘’•Ǥ ȋ••—‡ —‹ˆ‘” ƒ‰—Žƒ” ”‡–ƒ”†ƒ–‹‘Ȍ
ȋ„Ȍ ‹†–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ””‡–ƒ”†ƒ–‹‘ȋ Ȍ ‹†–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†—”‹‰–Š‹•‹–‡”˜ƒŽǤ
Solution:
§ Z  Z · § ͳͲͲ  Ͳ ·
ȋƒȌ T ¨ Ͳ ¸– ¨ ¸ u ͷu ͸Ͳ ͳͷͲͲͲ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•
© ʹ ¹ © ʹ ¹
ͳ ͳ
ȋ„Ȍ Z αZͲ Ϊ D– Ÿ ͲαͳͲͲȂ D ȋͷέ͸ͲȌŸ D αȂ ”‡˜Ȁ•‡ ʹ Ÿ ‰—Žƒ””‡–ƒ”†ƒ–‹‘α ”‡˜Ȁ•‡ ʹ
͵ ͵
‘–ƒŽ ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ–‹‘ ͳͷͲͲͲ
ȋ Ȍ Zƒ˜‰ ͷͲ ”‡˜Ǥ Ȁ •‡ Ǥ
‘–ƒŽ –‹‡ –ƒ‡ ͷ u ͸Ͳ

[ 10 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 14
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’‡”ˆ‘”• ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘™‹–Š‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ƒ† ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹǤŠ‡ˆ‹†—„‡”‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•‹ͷ–Š •‡ Ǥ
Solution:
‹˜‡ǡ ZͲ αͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ǡ D αʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ
D ʹ
T–Š αZͲ Ϊ ȋʹȂͳȌ α ͳͲ  ȋʹ u ͷ  ͳȌ αͳͻ”ƒ†
ʹ ʹ
T ͳͻ
—„‡”‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•α  |͵
ʹS ʹS
Illustration 15
 ‰”‹† •–‘‡ •–ƒ”–• ˆ”‘ ”‡•– ƒ† Šƒ• ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ǧƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͶǤͲ ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹǤ Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡƒˆ–‡”Ͷ•‡ Ǥ™‹ŽŽ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›„‡Ǧ
Solution:
‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ƒˆ–‡”Ͷ•‡ ‹•ǡ
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ
T αZͲ–Ϊ D– α D– α έͶέͶʹ α͵ʹ”ƒ†
ʹ ʹ ʹ
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒˆ–‡”Ͷ•‡ Ǥ
Z αZͲ ΪD–αͲΪͶέͶαͳ͸”ƒ†Ȁ•‡
Illustration 16
Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ •Š‘™• –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜‡”•—• –‹‡ ‰”ƒ’Š ‘ˆ ƒ
͵Ͳ
ˆŽ›™Š‡‡ŽǤŠ‡ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ‹”ƒ†‹ƒ•–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆŽ›™Š‡‡Ž–—”•
ɘ
†—”‹‰ʹͷ•‹•
Solution: ȋ”ƒ†•ȂͳȌ
†T Ͳ ͷ ‹‡ȋ•Ȍ ʹͲ ʹͷ
Z Ÿ ³ †T ³ Z†– ȓ”‡ƒ—†‡”–Š‡ Z  – —”˜‡‰‹˜‡• 'T Ȕ
†–

ŸT ^ͳͷ  ʹͷ` u ͵Ͳ Ÿ T ͸ͲͲ ”ƒ†
ʹ
Acceleration in Circular Motion
Tangential and Radial acceleration
‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ Zu ”
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡„‘–Š–Š‡•‹†‡™Ǥ”Ǥ––‹‡
†˜
˜ †ȋZu ”Ȍ †ȋZȌ †
†ȋ”
†ȋ”Ȍ
”Ȍ
u ”  Zu
Z
†– †– †– †–

ƒ Du ”  Zu ˜
ƒ Du ” ‹•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ƒ ’ Zu ˜ ‹• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘

ƒ ƒ  ƒ ȋ ƒ ƒ† ƒ ƒ”‡–Š‡–™‘ ‘’‘‡–‘ˆ‡–Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ

ƒ A ƒ

ȁƒȁ
ƒȁ ƒʹ  ƒ ʹ

[Link] [ 11 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Tangential Acceleration:
–•ƒ‰‹–—†‡‹•–Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
†ȁ ˜ ȁ
ƒ αƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ•’‡‡†
†–
• ƒ ‹•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‘–‹‘ȋ‹–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ ˜ ‘”‘’’‘•‹–‡–‘ ˜ Ȍ•‘ ƒ ‹•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”
Šƒ‰‡‹•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
• ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡†–Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ȋƒ Ȍ‹•
œ‡”‘Ǥ
Relation Between Linear and angular Acceleration
˜‡ –‘”ˆ‘” ƒ Du ”

ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǣ

ƒ αD ”•‹ͻͲιαD”ȋ D ‹•ƒš‹ƒŽǡ ” ‹•”ƒ†‹ƒŽ•‘–Šƒ– D A ” Ȍ
Centripetal Acceleration: Z
Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ Šƒ‰‡•™Š‹Ž‡‘˜‹‰‘–Š‡ —”˜‡†’ƒ–Šǡ–Š‹•
Šƒ‰‡‹˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•„”‘—‰Š–„›ƒˆ‘” ‡‘™ƒ• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ†–Š‡ ˜

ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘•‘’”‘†— ‡†‹–Š‡„‘†›‹•‘™ƒ• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”

ƒ Zu ˜

• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–‡ƒ Š’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‹•

”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘” Šƒ‰‡‹†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
˜ʹ
• –‡”•‘ˆƒ‰‹–—†‡ ƒ Z˜ Zʹ”
”
Net acceleration:
ƒ ƒ   ƒ ƒሬԦ Ʌ
ʹ
§ ˜ʹ ·
ƒ ƒ  ƒ
ʹ

ʹ
ȋD”Ȍ  ¨ ¸
ʹ

© ” ¹
ƒ
–ƒ T ȓT ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†‡„› ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ Ȕ
ƒ

Important Points:
ȋ‹Ȍ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•’‡‡†‰‹˜‡•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˜Ȍ ‰‹˜‡•–‘–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋ˜Ȍ

†˜
˜ †ȁ ˜ ȁ †˜
˜
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ Ƭ ƒ”‡‘–•ƒ‡’Š›•‹ ƒŽ“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ
†– †– †–

†ȁ ˜ ȁ
ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‹•ƒ”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ•’‡‡†ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
†–

[ 12 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 17
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–”ƒ˜‡Ž•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹͲ ƒ–ƒ•’‡‡†–Šƒ–—‹ˆ‘”Ž›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•’‡‡† Šƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘
ͷǤͲȀ•–‘͸ǤͲȀ•‹ʹǤͲ•ǡˆ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Solution:
‹ ‡ •’‡‡† ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• —‹ˆ‘”Ž›ǡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
†˜ ˜ʹ Ȃ ˜ͳ ͸ǤͲȂͷǤͲ
ƒ  Ȁ •ʹ ͲǤͷ  Ȁ •ʹ
†– –ʹ Ȃ –ͳ ʹǤͲ
ƒ ͲǤͷ Ȁ •ʹ
D ʹǤͷ”ƒ† Ȁ •ʹ
” ʹͲ 
Illustration 18
„‘†›‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰Ž›‹‰‘ƒ•‘‘–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰͵Ž‘‰ƒ†–Š‡™Š‹”Ž‡†”‘—†‹ƒ
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ƒ‹‰͸Ͳ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”‹—–‡ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ
Solution:
αʹ‰ǡ” α͵
͸Ͳ u ʹS
Z α͸Ͳ”‡˜ǤȀ‹—–‡α ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ǤαʹS ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ Ǥ
͸Ͳ
‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡†‡• ”‹„‡††—”‹‰ͳ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹•ʹS ”ƒ†‹ƒǤ
˜α”Z α ʹS έ͵Ȁ•α͸S Ȁ•
‘™ƒ αZʹ” αȋʹSȌʹ έ͵αͳʹSʹ αͳͳͺǤͶȀ•ʹ
Illustration 19
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͷͲͲƒ–ƒ•’‡‡†͵Ͳ• ȂͳǤ –‹• ͵Ͳ•Ȃͳ
‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–••’‡‡†ƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆʹ•ȂʹǤŠƒ–‹•‹–•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǫ
Solution:  ͷͲͲ
”αͷͲͲǡ—α͵Ͳ•Ȃͳ
ƒ αʹ•Ȃʹ
˜ʹ ͵Ͳʹ ͻ ʹ
ƒ •
” ͷͲͲ ͷ
ͻʹ ͳͺͳ ʹ
‘–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ ƒʹ  ƒʹ ʹʹ  Ÿƒ •
ͷʹ ʹͷ
Illustration 20
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳǤ –••’‡‡†‹•˜αȋʹ–ʹȌ Ȁ•ǤŠƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡
‘ˆ‹–•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ––αͳ•ǫ
Solution:
†˜
ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘αƒ α αͶ–ǡ ƒ––αͳ•ǡƒ αͶȀ•ʹ
†–
˜ʹ Ͷ– Ͷ
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ α αͶ–Ͷǡƒ––αͳ•ǡƒ αͶȀ•ʹ
” ͳ
‡–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ȋƒȌα ƒʹ  ƒʹ α Ͷʹ  Ͷʹ α Ͷ ʹ Ȁ•ʹǤ

[Link] [ 13 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1. ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡”‘–ƒ–‡†T ƒ•Z T  ʹTǡ–Š‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘D ƒ–T αͳ”ƒ†‹•ǣ
ȋȌͺ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌͳʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
PCM101
2. Š‡•‡ ‘†̵•Šƒ†‘ˆƒ™ƒ– ŠŠƒ•͸ Ž‡‰–ŠǤŠ‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‹–•–‹’ƒ†ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡
‹˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‹–•ƒ–ƒ›–™‘’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘•™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǣ
ȋȌʹS ƬͲȀ• ȋȌ ʹ ʹS ƬͶǤͶͶȀ•
ȋȌ ʹ ʹS ƬʹS Ȁ• ȋȌʹS Ƭ ʹ ʹS Ȁ•
PCM102
3. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•͸Ǥ –•Ž‹‡ƒ”•’‡‡†‹•˜αʹ–ǡŠ‡”‡– ‹•–‹‡‹
•‡ ‘†ƒ†˜‹•‹Ȁ•ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡‹–• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ––α͵•Ǥ
PCM103
4. ™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡‹ ‘ ‡–”‹  ‹” Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ •— Š–Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•Ǥ
PCM104
5. ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•‘ˆ–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͳǣʹǡ–Š‡‹‘”†‡”–‘Šƒ˜‡•ƒ‡
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‹”•’‡‡†••Š‘—Ž†„‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆǣ
ȋȌͳǣͶ ȋȌͶǣͳ ȋȌ ͳǣ ʹ ȋȌ ʹ ǣͳ
PCM105
6. •–‘‡–‹‡†–‘–Š‡‡†‘ˆƒͺͲ Ž‘‰•–”‹‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–
•’‡‡†Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ƒ‡•ͳͶ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•‹ʹͷ•ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‹–•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ǣ
ȋȌʹͲȀ•ʹ ȋȌͳʹȀ•ʹ ȋȌͻǤͻȀ•ʹ ȋȌͺȀ•ʹ
PCM106
7. ‘”ƒ„‘†›‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘˜‡”ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆŠƒŽˆƒ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹•ǤǤǤǤ–‹‡•–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‹–•‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ʹ S
ȋȌ ȋȌ ȋȌS ȋȌʹ
S ʹ
PCM107
8. ”‹‰”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–œƒš‹•ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹• ›
š›Ǥ–ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹‹•–ƒ––Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ȋ•Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ȍ‘ 
–Š‡”‹‰‹• ͸‹ƶ  ͺŒƶ  Ȁ•ʹ Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰ƒ†‹–•  š
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––Šƒ–‹•–ƒ–Ǥƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹•ʹǤ
PCM108
Dynamics of Circular Motion
Centripetal, Centrifugal and Tangential Force
Centripetal Force:
Š‡ ˆ‘” ‡ –Šƒ– ‹• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ ‡‡’ ƒ ‘„Œ‡ – ‘˜‹‰ ‹ ƒ —”˜‡† ’ƒ–Š ƒ†–Šƒ– ‹• ሬ˜Ԧ
†‹”‡ –‡†‹™ƒ”†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ሬԦ
˜
ሬԦ
˜ʹ ୡ
• ȁƒ ƒ ȁ Zʹ”  ሬԦୡ ሬԦୡ
”
• –‹•ƒ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–› ሬԦୡ
ʹ ʹ
ሬԦ
˜
o ˜ ƶ ˜ o o
ሬ˜Ԧ
• ˜‡ –‘”ˆ‘” αȂ Ǥ ” αȂ ʹ ” αȂ Zʹ” ”ƶ αȂ Zʹ ” αȂ ȋ ˜ έ Z Ȍ
” ”
Ȃ˜‡•‹‰‹†‹ ƒ–‡•†‹”‡ –‹‘‘Ž›Ǥ
o
αȋ Z έ ˜ Ȍ

[ 14 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Centrifugal Force
x Š‡ƒ’’ƒ”‡–ˆ‘” ‡–Šƒ–‹•ˆ‡Ž–„›ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‘˜‹‰‹ƒ —”˜‡†’ƒ–Š–Šƒ–ƒ –•”ƒ†‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡
‡–‡”‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
x –•ƒ‰‹–—†‡‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
˜ʹ
x Zʹ” 
”
x –•†‹”‡ –‹‘‹•”ƒ†‹ƒŽŽ›‘—–™ƒ”†•Ǥ
Note: ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ† ‡–”‹ˆ—‰ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽŽ›–Š‡‡šƒ –•ƒ‡ˆ‘” ‡ǡŒ—•–‹‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•
„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡›̵”‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ˆ”‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”ƒ‡•‘ˆ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ
Tangential Force
x ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹• –Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ„‘†›‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹–Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ
—”˜‡†’ƒ–ŠǤ
x –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™—’‘ˆƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡–‘–Š‡
”ƒ†‹—•™Š‹ Š‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
x  ƒƒ
Horizontal Circular Motion
Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M.)
Š‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡†ǡ–Š‡‹–•‘–‹‘‹• ƒŽŽ‡†—‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”
‘–‹‘Ǥ
—‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ƒ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‘Ǧœ‡”‘ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǤŠ‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•†—‡–‘–Š‡
Šƒ‰‡‹†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜‡ –‘”Ǥ —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ ‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
˜ʹ
Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†‹–•ƒ‰‹–—†‡‹• Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ˜‹•–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡
”
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ†”–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
˜ 
Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡ ‹•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†‹–•ƒ‰‹–—†‡‹• ”Zʹ
”
ƒ• ˜ ”Z
‡”‡ǡZ ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǤŠ‹•ˆ‘” ‡ ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ—•ǡƒ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ
˜ ʹ
ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‹•‡‡†‡†–‘‡‡’–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡†ǤŠ‹•ˆ‘” ‡‹•
”
’”‘˜‹†‡† „› •‘‡ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ƒ‰‡– •— Š ƒ• ˆ”‹ –‹‘ǡ ƒ‰‡–‹  ˆ‘” ‡ǡ ‘—Ž‘„ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ
–‡•‹‘Ǥ‡– Ǥ
In this motion :
• ’‡‡†α ‘•–ƒ–
• ȁ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȁα ‘•–ƒ–
• ‡Ž‘ ‹–›് ‘•–ƒ–ȋ„‡ ƒ—•‡‹–•†‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘–‹—‘—•Ž› Šƒ‰‡•Ȍ
ͳ
• ǤǤα ˜ʹ α ‘•–ƒ–
ʹ
• Z α ‘•–ƒ–ȋ„‡ ƒ—•‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ„‘–Šƒ”‡ ‘•–ƒ–Ȍ
ª †ȁ ˜ ȁ † ‘•–ƒ–
‘ º
• ƒ Ͳ « ƒ Ͳ»
¬ †–
† †– ¼

[Link] [ 15 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
• D  ȏ ”‘ ƒ  D” Ȑ
• ƒ ȁ ȁƒ ’ ȁ Z˜
ȁƒ Zʹ” ˜ ʹ Ȁ ” α ‘•–ƒ–

• ƒ ƒ ’ z ‘•–ƒ–ȋ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ ’ ‹•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡™Š‹ Š Šƒ‰‡•ƒ•–Š‡

’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•Ȍ
• ‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹•—•—ƒŽŽ›‡š‡ —–‡†‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ
‘–ƒŽ™‘”†‘‡α ³ †•• α ³
Ǥ†• Ǥ†•
†•• ª
¬
º
¼
‡– ’ ‡– ’
ͻͲι
α ³ ’ †• ‘•ͻͲq Ͳ

‘” Ͳ
• ‘™‡”α Ͳ
–‹‡ –
‘” ‘™‡”α ‡– ˜˜ ’ ˜ ˜ α ’˜ ‘•ͻͲιαͲ
• ‘ ‡’–ȋ ‘”ǤǤǤȌǢ  ‡– ƒ ’
Illustration 21
 „‘†› ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͲǤͳ ‰ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ‘ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ †‹ƒ‡–‡” ͳ ƒ– –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ͳͲ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ’‡”
͵ͳǤͶ•‡ ‘†•ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„‘†›‹•Ǧ
Solution:
˜ ʹ
α ᏔZʹ Ǣ ‡”‡αͲǤͳͲ‰ǡ”αͲǤͷƒ†
”
ʹS ʹ u ͵ǤͳͶ u ͳͲ
Zα α αʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•
– ͵ͳǤͶ
αͲǤͳͲέͲǤͷέȋʹȌʹ αͲǤʹ
Illustration 22
„Ž‘ ‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰‹•–‹‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šʹǡ–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†‘ˆ™Š‹ Š‹•ˆ‹š‡†ǤŠ‡„Ž‘ ‹•‘˜‡†‘
ƒ •‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–ƒ„Ž‡™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡†ͷȀ•Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡
˜αͷȀ•
•–”‹‰Ǥ

Solution: αʹ‰
κ ൌ ʹ
‡”‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›–‡•‹‘Ǥ
˜ʹ ʹu ͷʹ
 ʹͷ
” ʹ
Illustration 23
„Ž‘ ‘ˆƒ••‹•–‹‡†–‘ƒ•’”‹‰‘ˆ•’”‹‰ ‘•–ƒ–ǡƒ–—”ƒŽŽ‡‰–Š Aǡƒ†–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†‘ˆ•’”‹‰ˆ‹š‡†
ƒ–Ǥ ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ ‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹–Š
Z
‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Zǡˆ‹†–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•’”‹‰ 
Solution: 

••—‡‡š–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•’”‹‰‹•šǤ
‡”‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›•’”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Zʹ
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǡšαZʹȋ ΪšȌŸ š
  Zʹ
Zʹ
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡•‹‘α š
  Zʹ

[ 16 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 24
 ‡”–ƒ‹•–”‹‰™Š‹ Š‹•ͳŽ‘‰™‹ŽŽ„”‡ƒǡ‹ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ƒ†‘‹–‹•‘”‡–ŠƒͲǤͷ‰Ǥƒ••‘ˆͲǤͲͷ‰‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†
–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ‹–ƒ†–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†”‘—†ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡„›Š‘Ž†‹‰–Š‡ˆ”‡‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰„›
‘‡Šƒ†ǤŠ‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–—„‡”‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”‹—–‡’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Š‘—–„”‡ƒ‹‰–Š‡•–”‹‰™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ
Solution:
αͲǤͲͷ‰ǡ” αͳ
Š‡ƒš‹—–‡•‹‘–Š‡•–”‹‰ ƒ™‹–Š•–ƒ†
αͲǤͷ‰™–ǤαͲǤͷέ ͻǤͺαͶǤͻ
‡ ‡–Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’”‘†— ‡–Š‡ƒš‹—–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•ͶǤͻ
ͶǤͻ ͶǤͻ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ”Zʹ αͶǤͻŸ Zʹ α α αͻͺŸ Z α ͻͺ
” ͲǤͲͷ u ͳ
ͻͺ
Ÿ ʹSˆ α ͻͺ Ÿ ˆ α αͳǤͷ͹͸”‡˜Ȁ•‡ αͻͶǤͷ”‡˜Ȁ‹
ʹS
Illustration 25
•ƒŽŽ‘„Œ‡ –’Žƒ ‡†‘ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—”–ƒ„Ž‡Œ—•–•Ž‹’•™Š‡‹–‹•’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡Ͷ ˆ”‘
–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡–—”Ǧ–ƒ„Ž‡‹•†‘—„Ž‡†ǡ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –•Ž‹’•™Š‡‹–•†‹•–ƒ ‡
ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•
Solution:
Š‡‘„Œ‡ –™‹ŽŽ•Ž‹’‹ˆ”‡“—‹”‡† ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡t ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘
”Zʹ t ρ‰‘””Zʹ t ρ‰
”Zʹ t ‘•–ƒ–
ʹ
§ ”ͳ · § Zʹ ·
‘” ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© ”ʹ ¹ © Zͳ ¹
ʹ
Ͷ  § ʹZ ·
¨ Z¸ ? ”ʹ αͳ 
”ʹ © ¹
Banking of Roads
Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡•‰‘–Š”‘—‰Š–—”‹‰•ǡ–Š‡›–”ƒ˜‡ŽƒŽ‘‰ƒ‡ƒ”Ž› ‹” —Žƒ”ƒ” ǤŠ‡”‡—•–„‡•‘‡ˆ‘” ‡™Š‹ Š
’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡• –”ƒ˜‡Ž ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Šǡ –Š‹•
”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒŽ•‘Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤŠ‡‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•„‡‹‰’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡•„›–Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‡‡™ƒ›•ǣ
Ȉ ›ˆ”‹ –‹‘‘Ž›Ǥ
Ȉ ›„ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”‘ƒ†•‘Ž›Ǥ
Ȉ ›ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ†„ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”‘ƒ†•„‘–ŠǤ
”‡ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ†„ƒ‹‰‘ˆ”‘ƒ†•„‘–ŠǤ
Case-1; Circular turning on roads by friction only :
—’’‘•‡ƒ ƒ”‘ˆƒ••‹•‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†˜‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” —Žƒ”ƒ” ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”Ǥ –Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡
‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘–Š‡ ƒ”„›–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆƒ –‹‰–‘™ƒ”†• ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š
˜ʹ
ˆ
”
ˆ P P‰
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡˆ‘”ƒ•ƒˆ‡–—”™‹–Š‘—–•‹††‹‰
˜ʹ ˜ʹ
d ˆ Ÿ d P‰ Ÿ ˜ d P”‰
” ”

[Link] [ 17 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Case-2; Circular turning on roads by banking of roads only :
”‹ –‹‘‹•‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•”‡Ž‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ––—”•’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›™Š‡Š‹‰Š•’‡‡†•   ‘•T
ƒ†•Šƒ”’–—”•ƒ”‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†Ǥ‘ƒ˜‘‹††‡’‡†‡ ‡‘ˆ”‹ –‹‘ǡ–Š‡
T
”‘ƒ†•ƒ”‡„ƒ‡†ƒ––Š‡–—”‹–Š‡•‡•‡–Šƒ––Š‡‘—–‡”’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡
”‘ƒ†‹••‘‡ ™Šƒ–Ž‹ˆ–‡† ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡‹‡”’ƒ”–Ǥ •‹T
˜ ʹ Š
•‹T α ƒ† ‘• T ‰
” ‰
˜ʹ Š T
–ƒ T Ÿ˜ ”‰ –ƒ T –ƒ T
”‰ „ „
ʹ
˜ Š
Note: –ƒT α
”‰ „
Case-3; Circular turning on roads by friction and banking of road both :
y ˆƒ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ””‘ƒ†™Š‹ Š‹•”‘—‰Šƒ†„ƒ‡†ƒŽ•‘ǡ–Š‡–Š”‡‡ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ›ƒ –
‘–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡Ǥ
y ˆ–Š‡•‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ˆ‘” ‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ™‡‹‰Š–ȋ‰Ȍ‹•ˆ‹š‡†„‘–Š‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ
y Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•‡ ‘†ˆ‘” ‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘”‘ƒ†Ǥ
y Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹”†ˆ‘” ‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ ƒ„‡‡‹–Š‡”‹™ƒ”†•‘”‘—–™ƒ”†•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡‹–•ƒ‰‹–—†‡
ƒ„‡˜ƒ”‹‡†—’–‘ƒƒš‹—Ž‹‹–ȋˆ୐ ൌ Ɋ ȌǤ
y ‘ǡ†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆƒ”‡•‘ƒ†Œ—•–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡ˆ‘” ‡•
˜ ʹ
‡–‹‘‡†ƒ„‘˜‡‹• –‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡‡–”‡Ǥ
”
ȋƒȌ ˆ ˜  ”‰ –ƒ T ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ –•‘—–™ƒ”†•Ǥ
–Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡ  ‘• T  ˆ •‹ T ‰ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
˜ʹ   ‘•T Ϊˆ•‹T
ƒ† •‹ T  ˆ ‘• T ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
”
‘”‹‹—•’‡‡†ˆαρ T ˆ
‘ǡ „›†‹˜‹†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹Ȍ„›‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹Ȍ
•‹T T ˆ ‘• Ʌ
 ‘• T  P•‹ T ‰
•‹ T  P ‘• T ˜ ʹ‹ Ȁ ”
‰
§ –ƒ T  P · T
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ˜ ‹ ”‰ ¨ ¸
© ͳ  P –ƒ T ¹
ˆ™‡ƒ••—‡ P –ƒ Iǡ –Š‡
§ –ƒ T  –ƒ I ·
˜ ‹ ”‰ ¨ ¸ ”‰ –ƒȋT  IȌ
© ͳ  –ƒ I –ƒ T ¹
ȋ„Ȍ ˆ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡ ‹• Š‹‰Š –Š‡ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ ƒ –•  ‘•T

‹™ƒ”†•Ǥ
–Š‹• ƒ•‡ˆ‘”ƒš‹—•’‡‡†ǡ
T
 ‘• T  P•‹ T ‰
˜ ʹƒš •‹T Ϊˆ ‘•T T
ƒ† •‹ T  P ‘• T T
”
ˆ ‰Ϊˆ•‹T
§ –ƒ T  P ·
Š‹ Š‰‹˜‡• ˜ ƒš ”‰ ¨ ¸ T
© ͳ  P –ƒ T ¹

[ 18 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
ˆ™‡ƒ••—‡ P –ƒ Iǡ –Š‡

§ –ƒ T  –ƒ I ·
˜ ƒš ”‰ ¨ ¸ ”‰ –ƒȋT  IȌ
© ͳ  –ƒ I –ƒ T ¹
‡ ‡ ˆ‘”•— ‡••ˆ—Ž –—”‹‰ ‘ ƒ ”‘—‰Š „ƒ‡† ”‘ƒ†ǡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡—•– •ƒ–‹•ˆ› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
”‡Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
”‰ –ƒȋT  IȌ d ˜ d ”‰ –ƒȋT  IȌ

™Š‡”‡ T ᄃ‹‰ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ† I –ƒ ͳ ȋPȌ

˜ʹ
Note: Š‡‡š’”‡••‹‘–ƒT α ƒŽ•‘‰‹˜‡•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ„ƒ‹‰ˆ‘”ƒƒ‹” ”ƒˆ–ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡–Š”‘—‰Š
”‰
™Š‹ Š‹–•Š‘—Ž†–‹Ž–™Š‹Ž‡‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‰ƒ —”˜‡ǡ–‘ƒ˜‘‹††‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–ŠǤ
˜ʹ
Š‡‡š’”‡••‹‘–ƒT α ƒŽ•‘‰‹˜‡•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ–™Š‹ Šƒ › Ž‹•–•Š‘—Ž†Ž‡ƒ‹™ƒ”†ǡ™Š‡”‘—†‹‰
”‰
ƒ ‘”‡”Ǥ –Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡT ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡™Š‹ Š–Š‡ › Ž‹•–—•–ƒ‡™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽǤ
Illustration 26
 —„ƒ‡† —”˜‡ Šƒ• ƒ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ͳͲͲǤ Š‡ ƒš‹— •’‡‡† ƒ– ™Š‹ Š ƒ ƒ” ƒ ƒ‡ ƒ –—” ‹ˆ –Š‡
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ•–ƒ–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘‹•ͲǤͺǡ‹•ȋƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›αͳͲȀ•ʹȌǤ
Solution:
‡”‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›ˆ”‹ –‹‘•‘ǡ
˜ ʹ
d P‰
”
˜ ƒš ρ”‰ ͲǤͺ u ͳͲͲ u ͳͲ ؄ ʹͺȀ•
Illustration 27
 ‹” —Žƒ””‘ƒ†‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͶͲŠƒ•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ„ƒ‹‰‡“—ƒŽ–‘͵͹ιǤ–™Šƒ–•’‡‡†•Š‘—Ž†ƒ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡‰‘‘
–Š‹•”‘ƒ†•‘–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘‹•‘–—•‡†ǫ
Solution:
ƒ†‹—•ȋ”ȌαͶͲ Ǣ‰Ž‡‘ˆ„ƒ‹‰αT α͵͹ι
˜ʹ
? –ƒ T Ÿ˜ ”‰ –ƒ T Ÿ ˜ ͶͲuͳͲu –ƒ͵͹q ͳͲ ͵Ȁ•
”‰
Illustration 28
 ‹” —Žƒ””‘ƒ†‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͷŠƒ•ƒ„ƒ‹‰ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ͵͹ιǤŠƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡ƒš‹—•ƒˆ‡•’‡‡†‘ˆƒ ƒ”
™Š‘•‡ƒ••‹•ͷͲͲ‰ǡƒ†–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–›”‡ƒ†–Š‡”‘ƒ†‹•ͲǤͷǤ
Solution:
‹˜‡Ǣƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ””‘ƒ†ȋ”ȌαͲǤͷαͷͲͲ Ǣƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ”ȋȌαͷͲͲ‰
‰Ž‡‘ˆ„ƒ‹‰α͵͹ι Ǣ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–›”‡ƒ†–Š‡”‘ƒ†αͲǤͷ

§ ͵ · §ͷ·
§ –ƒ T  P · § –ƒ͵͹q  ͲǤͷ · ¨ Ͷ  ͲǤͷ ¸ ¨Ͷ¸
˜ ƒš ”‰ ¨ ¸ ͷͲͲ u ͳͲ ¨ ¸ ͷͲͲ u ͳͲ ¨ ¸ ͷͲͲͲ © ¹ ͳͲͲ Ȁ •
© ͳ  P –ƒ T ¹ © ͳ  ͲǤͷ u –ƒ͵͹q ¹ ¨¨ ͳ  ͲǤͷ u ͵ ¸¸ § ʹǤͷ ·
© Ͷ¹ ¨ Ͷ ¸
© ¹

[Link] [ 19 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Conical Pendulum, Rotor and Death Well
Conical Pendulum
ˆƒ•ƒŽŽ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••–‹‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†ƒŽ‘‰ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǡƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡–Š‡–Š‡
ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–‹• ƒŽŽ‡† ‘‹ ƒŽ’‡†—Ž—Ǥ  ƒ•‡‘ˆ ‘‹ ƒŽ’‡†—Ž—ǡ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–‘ˆ–‡•‹‘
„ƒŽƒ ‡•–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–™Š‹Ž‡‹–•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ—•ǡ
Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„‘„ƒ”‡ȋƒȌ‡•‹‘ȋ„Ȍ™‡‹‰Š–
Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–•‹T ‘ˆ–Š‡–‡•‹‘’”‘˜‹†‡•–Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ†–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–
 ‘•T „ƒŽƒ ‡•–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ„‘„
˜ ʹ T 
•‹T ǥȋ‹Ȍ
”   ‘•T
 ‘• T ‰ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ T
”
”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ 
•‹T
 
ʹ
˜ ”α•‹T ‰
–ƒT α ǥȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
”‰

Ÿ˜ ”‰ –ƒ T

˜ ‰ –ƒ T
? ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†Z α
” ”

ʹS ”  ‘• T
‘ǡ–Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ’‡†—Ž—‹•α ʹS ʹS
Z ‰ –ƒ T ‰

Death Well or Rotor

 ƒ•‡‘ˆ̵†‡ƒ–Š™‡ŽŽ̵ƒ’‡”•‘†”‹˜‡•ƒ‘–‘” › Ž‡‘–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒŽƒ”‰‡™‘‘†‡™‡ŽŽ™Š‹Ž‡‹
ƒ•‡‘ˆƒ”‘–‘”ƒ’‡”•‘Šƒ‰•”‡•–‹‰ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡™ƒŽŽ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›•—’’‘”–ˆ”‘–Š‡„‘––‘ƒ–ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹
ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ”‘–‘”Ǥ †‡ƒ–Š™‡ŽŽǡ™ƒŽŽ•ƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–ƒ†’‡”•‘”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•™Š‹Ž‡‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ”‘–‘”’‡”•‘‹•
ƒ–”‡•–™Ǥ”Ǥ–™ƒŽŽƒ†–Š‡™ƒŽŽ”‘–ƒ–‡•Ǥ
 „‘–Š ƒ•‡•ǡ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ „ƒŽƒ ‡• –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘ ™Š‹Ž‡ ”‡ƒ –‹‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡• –Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ˆ‘”
‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ
›–Š‡ˆ”‡‡„‘†›†‹ƒ‰”ƒ
ˆ” Ꮙ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ
˜
α ”Zʹ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
” ˆ
ƒŽƒ ‹‰–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•
 ”
ˆ” ‰ ‘” P ‰ ‰
ʹ
˜
P ‰
”
‰”
˜ʹ
P ‡ƒ–Š™‡ŽŽ

‰”
˜ ‹
P

[ 20 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 29
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•–‹‡†–‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–”‹‰•ƒ”‡™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š•
‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰••‘–Šƒ––Š‡› ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡‹” ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‹•ǣ

ͳ ͵Ͳι ʹ Ͷͷι

 
ȋƒȌ ȋ„Ȍ
Solution:
 ‘• T
‹ ‡αʹS
‰
? ͳ αʹŸ ͳ ‘•Tͳ αʹ ‘•Tʹ
ͳ ‘• Tʹ ‘•Ͷͷq ʹ
?
ʹ ‘• Tͳ ‘•͵Ͳq ͵
Illustration 30
•–”‹‰„”‡ƒ•—†‡”ƒŽ‘ƒ†‘ˆͷͲ‰Ǥƒ••‘ˆͳ‰‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰ͳͲŽ‘‰ƒ†‹•
”‘–ƒ–‡†‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–—„‡”‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ•• ƒƒ‡‹‘‡
•‡ ‘†™‹–Š‘—–„”‡ƒ‹‰–Š‡•–”‹‰Ǥ
Solution:
Z αʹSˆǡ ƒš αͷͲͲǡ ”α•‹T
 •‹T αZʹ”  T 
Ÿ αZ 
ʹ

Ÿ ƒš ᏠZʹƒš  Ÿ ƒš αȋʹSˆȌʹ 

•‹T ”
ͳ ƒš ͳ ͷͲͲ ͷͲ
ˆα α α ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ
ʹS  ʹS ͳ u ͳͲ ʹS ‰

Vertical Circular Motion

—’’‘•‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘ƒŽ‹‰Š–‹‡š–‡•‹„Ž‡•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠǤ
Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†Ǧ’‘‹–Ǥ –‹•
‹’ƒ”–‡†ƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›—‹–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–Ǥ‡–˜„‡‹–• ˜
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ  ‘•T 
Velocity at a point P Ʌ
Š 
Š‡ƒ’’Ž›‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡’‘‹–ƒ†ȋ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ —

’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›œ‡”‘ƒ–’‘‹–Ȍ 
‘–ƒŽȋΪȌƒ–α‘–ƒŽȋΪȌƒ–
ͳ ͳ
Ÿ ͲΪ —ʹ ᏉŠΪ ˜ʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ʹ ͳ
Ÿ — ‰ȋ   ‘• TȌ  ˜ ʹ ƒ•ŠαȋȂ  ‘•TȌ
ʹ ʹ
ȏŠ‡”‡‹•Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰Ȑ
Ÿ ˜α —ʹ  ʹ‰ȋͳ  ‘• TȌ

[Link] [ 21 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Tension at a point P
˜ ʹ
–’‘‹–”‡“—‹”‡† ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡α

‡–ˆ‘” ‡–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡αȂ ‰ ‘•T 
˜
Š‹•‡–ˆ‘” ‡’”‘˜‹†‡•”‡“—‹”‡† ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ 
T

˜ ʹ
? Ȃ ‰ ‘•T α —
T ‰ ‘•T
 
˜ ʹ ‰•‹T ‰
Ÿ Ꮙ ‘•T Ϊ

Special Case 
At point A : (Bottom point)
˜ ʹ —ʹ
 α ڏ‰  α ڏ‰ ȋ ‡”‡T αͲιȌ
 
 
At point B :

˜α —  ʹ‰
ʹ

ʹ —
˜  ʹ
—
 α  α Ȃ ʹ‰ ȋ ‡”‡T αͻͲιȌ 
 
At point C : (Top point)
˜ α —  Ͷ‰
ʹ

˜ ʹ —ʹ
 α Ȃ ‰ α Ȃ ͷ‰ȋ ‡”‡T αͳͺͲιȌ
 
”‘ƒ„‘˜‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘™‡ ƒ•‡‡ǡ„‘––‘ Ȃ –‘’ α Ȃ  α͸‰ǡ–Š‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹–‡•‹‘”‡ƒ‹•ƒ‡Ǥ
Illustration 31
Ͷ‰„ƒŽŽ••™‹‰•‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆƒ ‘”†ͳŽ‘‰ǤŠ‡ƒš‹—•’‡‡†ƒ–™Š‹ Š‹– ƒ
•™‹‰‹ˆ–Š‡ ‘”† ƒ•—•–ƒ‹ƒš‹—–‡•‹‘‘ˆͳͺ͵Ǥʹ™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ
Solution:
˜ ʹ
ƒš‹—–‡•‹‘α ڏ‰ ȋ‡•‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒš‹—ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–Ȍ
”
˜ ʹ Ͷ˜ʹ
? αȂ ‰‘” αͳͺ͵ǤʹȂ ͶέͻǤͺŸ ˜α͸Ȁ•
” ͳ
Illustration 32
Š‡•–”‹‰‘ˆƒ’‡†—Ž—‹•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„‹•Ǥ‘™–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‹
–Š‡•–”‹‰‹–Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘‹•Ǧ
Solution:
Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘‹••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰Ǥ‡–˜„‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ –Š‹•’‘•‹–‹‘–Š‡ǤǤ
‘ˆ„‘„‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘ǤǤŠ‡ ‡Ǧ
ͳ
‰α ˜ʹ Ÿ ˜ʹ αʹ‰ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ

ˆ„‡–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰ǡ
˜ ʹ ˜
–Š‡Ȃ ‰α ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
‰
”‘ȋ‹ȌƬȋ‹‹Ȍ α͵‰

[ 22 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 33
„‘†›™‡‹‰Š‹‰ͲǤͶ‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡™‹–Šƒ•–”‹‰ƒ‹‰ʹ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ ˆ–Š‡
”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡‹•ͳǤʹǤ ‹†–Š‡–‡•‹‘ȋƒȌƒ––Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ǡȋ„Ȍƒ––Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
‹˜‡ǣ‰αͳͲ•Ȃʹ ƒ†Ɏ α͵ǤͳͶǤ
Solution:
ͳ
αͲǤͶ‰ Ǣ  α •‡ ǡ”αͳǤʹ
ʹ
ʹS
Z ͶS ”ƒ†•Ȃͳ αͳʹǤͷ͸”ƒ†•ȂͳǤ
ͳȀʹ
˜ʹ
ȋƒȌ––Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ǡ   ‰ ”Zʹ  ‰  ”Zʹ  ‰ 
”
αͲǤͶȋͳǤʹέͳʹǤͷ͸έͳʹǤͷ͸Ȃ ͻǤͺȌα͹ʹ
ȋ„Ȍ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–ǡ   ”Zʹ  ‰ ͺͲ

Condition for Looping the Loop

For String
Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡‹‹—˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘‡ –‡†™‹–Š•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š 
ƒ–’‘‹–•‘–Šƒ–‹–Œ—•–’‡”ˆ‘”•˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†’‘‹–Ǥ
Š‡ ’‘‹– ƒ•• ™‹ŽŽ ‘’Ž‡–‡ –Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ ‘Ž› ƒ† ‘Ž› ‹ˆ –‡•‹‘ ‹• ‡˜‡” œ‡”‘

ȋ‡š ‡’–‘‡–ƒ”‹Ž›Ǥ ˆƒ–ƒŽŽȌ‹ˆ–‡•‹‘„‡ ‘‡•œ‡”‘ƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–ǡ•–”‹‰™‹ŽŽ‰‘
•Žƒ  ƒ† •—„•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ –‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ „‘†› ‹• ‰”ƒ˜‹–›Ǥ ‡ ‡ ‹–•
•—„•‡“—‡–‘–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡•‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡Ǥ  Ʌ
˜ ʹ  
‡•‹‘ƒ–’‘‹–ǡ Ȃ ‰ ‘•T α
 
”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹–‹•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ––‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•™‹–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹T „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘•
T ‹•ƒ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ˆ— –‹‘ƒ†˜†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•™‹–ŠŠ‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ‡ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•‹‹—ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘•–’‘‹–Ǥ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ
‹ α–‘’‘•–Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡” ‹ˆ–‡•‹‘‹•‘‡–ƒ”‹Ž›œ‡”‘ƒ–Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹––Š‡„‘†›™‘—Ž†•–‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
‡ ‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘” ‘’Ž‡–‹‰–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ȋ‘”Ž‘‘’‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‘’Ȍ‹•ǣǦ
‹ t Ͳ‘”–‘’ t ͲǤ
˜ ʹ–‘’
–‘’ ڏ‰α

ʹ
˜ –‘’
–‘’ α  ‰

‘”Ž‘‘’‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‘’ǡ–‘’ t Ͳ
˜ ʹ–‘’
 ‰ tͲ

˜ ʹ–‘’
t ‰ Ÿ ˜–‘’ t ‰ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ

ˆ•’‡‡†ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–‹•—ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‘ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›„‡–™‡‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–ƒ†
–‘’‘•–’‘‹–Ǥ
ͳ ͳ
—ʹ α  ˜ ʹ–‘’ ڏ‰Ǥʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ ʹ
—•‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ™‡‰‡–—t ͷ‰
i.e., for looping the loop, velocity at lowest point must be t ͷ‰ .

[Link] [ 23 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–‹•Œ—•–‡‘—‰Šˆ‘”Ž‘‘’‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‘’ǡ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ˜ƒ”‹‘—•“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•ƒ–’‘‹–ǡǡƒ†
ƒ”‡ǣ


 αͲ

 α͵‰  α͵‰
 

 α͸‰

—


A B,D C
ͳ ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͷ‰ ͵‰ ‰
ʹ ‡•‹‘ ͸‰ ͵‰ Ͳ
͵ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡”‰› Ͳ ‰ ʹ‰
Ͷ ƒ†‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ͷ‰ ͵‰ ‰
ͷ ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Ͳ ‰ Ͳ

Condition for looping for Massless Rod

 ƒ•‡‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–”‘†–‡•‹‘ƒ––‘’‘•–’‘‹– ƒ‡˜‡”„‡œ‡”‘•‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
? ‘” ‘’Ž‡–‹‰–Š‡Ž‘‘’ ˜  t Ͷ‰
Illustration 34
•–‘‡™‡‹‰Š‹‰ͳ‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆƒ”‘’‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͲǤͷǤ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ
ƒ•–‘‡ƒ†–‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰ȋƒȌƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘ȋ„Ȍ‹†™ƒ›™Š‡–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽȋ Ȍƒ––‘’‘•–
’‘•‹–‹‘–‘Œ—•– ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
Solution:
‘™‡”‘•–’‘‹–Ǣ ˜  ͷ‰” ͷu ͻǤͺ u ͲǤͷ ͶǤͻͷ Ȁ•
  ͸‰ ͸ uͳu ͻǤͺ ͷͺǤͺ
Š‡•–”‹‰‹•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǢ ˜  ͵‰” ͵u ͻǤͺ u ͲǤͷ ͵Ǥͺ͵ Ȁ•
  ͵‰ ͵u ͳu ͻǤͺ ʹͻǤͶ
‘’‘•–’‘‹–Ǣ ˜  ‰” ͻǤͺ u ͲǤͷ ʹǤʹͳ Ȁ•
  Ͳ
Illustration 35
™‘Ǧ’‘‹–ƒ••‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‹• ‘‡ –‡†–‘ƒŽ‹‰Š–”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š ʹ ƒ†‹–‹•ˆ”‡‡
–‘”‘–ƒ–‡‹˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ƒ••Š‘™ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‹‹—Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
‰‹˜‡–‘Ž‘™‡”ƒ•••‘–Šƒ–‹– ‘’Ž‡–‡•–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ
Solution:
‘””‘†–‘Œ—•– ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡Ž‘‘’ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘•–’‘‹–‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Šƒ˜‡•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›„—–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
‘••‘ˆα‰ƒ‹‘ˆ 
ʹ
ͳ ʹ ͳ §˜·
˜   ¨ ¸ ‰ȋʹ Ȍ  ‰ȋͶ Ȍ  ˜
ʹ ʹ ©ʹ¹
͵‰
Ÿ ˜ Ͷ
ͷ

[ 24 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Illustration 36
„Ž‘ ‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡–‘’‘ˆƒ•‘‘–Š˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ–”ƒ ǡ™Š‹ Š‡†•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡
‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ 
Š
ȋ‹Ȍ ‹†–Š‡‹‹—˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆŠ•‘–Šƒ––Š‡„Ž‘  ‘’Ž‡–‡•–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
”
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˆŠα͵”ǡˆ‹†‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘™Š‡–Š‡„Ž‘ ‹•ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–•ƒ†Ǥ
Solution: 
ȋ‹Ȍ ‘” ‘’Ž‡–‹‰–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡ȋ•ƒ›Ȍ‹•
ͷ‰”
ˆ”‘‡‡”‰› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
ͳ ʹ ͷ”
‰Š α  ͷ‰” Ÿ Š
ʹ ʹ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Šα͵”
”‘‡‡”‰› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–’‘‹–ƒ†ƒ”‡ǣ
ͳ ʹ
‰ ˜ ͵” ˜  Ÿ ˜  ͸‰”
ʹ
ͳ ʹ
‰ ˜ ͵” ˜   ‰ ˜ ʹ” Ÿ ˜  ʹ‰”
ʹ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘ƒ–ƒ†‹•ǣǦ
˜ ʹ
  Ȃ ‰ Ÿ   ͹‰
”
˜ ʹ
  ‰ Ÿ  ‰
”
Condition of Oscillation 0 < u d 2gL
Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹ŽŽ‘• ‹ŽŽƒ–‡‹ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡„‡ ‘‡•œ‡”‘„—––‡•‹‘

‹–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•‘–œ‡”‘Ǥ  ˜ ˜αͲ
 Tz0
ȋ Ž‘™‡”ŠƒŽˆ ‹” Ž‡ȋ–‘ȌȌ  T 
˜ ʹ — T ‰ ‘•T
‘•
‡”‡ǡȂ ‰ ‘•T α 
 ‰•‹
‹T ‰
ʹ
˜
α 
 ‰ ‘•T

–Š‡Ž‘™‡”’ƒ”–‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡ǡ™Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›„‡ ‘‡œ‡”‘ƒ†–‡•‹‘‹•‘Ǧœ‡”‘ǡ‡ƒ•™Š‡˜αͲǡ„—–z Ͳ
‘ǡ–‘ƒ‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘• ‹ŽŽƒ–‡‹Ž‘™‡”ŠƒŽˆ › Ž‡ǡƒš‹—’‘••‹„Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ– ƒ„‡Ǥ‰‹˜‡„›
ͳ ʹ
˜   Ͳ ᏉΪͲ ȋ„›„‡–™‡‡ƒ†Ȍ
ʹ
˜ α ʹ‰ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
Š—•ǡˆ‘”Ͳδ— d ʹ‰ ǡ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘• ‹ŽŽƒ–‡•‹Ž‘™‡”ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ȋͲͲ δT d ͻͲιȌ
Condition of Leaving the Circle : ( 2gL < u < 5gL)  ˜
—’’‡”ŠƒŽˆ › Ž‡ȋ–‘Ȍ

˜ ʹ T T
‡”‡ǡ ڏ‰ ‘•T α
 
§ ˜ ʹ
· ‰
α ¨ Ȃ ‰ ‘• T ¸ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
©  ¹

[Link] [ 25 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
–Š‹•’ƒ”–‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡–‡•‹‘ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ„‡œ‡”‘™‹–Š‘—–Šƒ˜‹‰œ‡”‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‡ƒ™Š‡αͲǡ˜z Ͳ ˆ‘”
‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹Ȍ‹–‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ––‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•‹ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ‘ǡ–‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡Ž‘‘’ǡ–‡•‹‘ˆ‘” ‡
•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡œ‡”‘ǡ‹„‡–™‡‡–‘Ǥ‡•‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡‹‹—ƒ–‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ t Ͳ‹•–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡† ‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ
˜ ʹ 
˜
–‘’  ڏ‰α

‰
‹ˆ αͲ

˜ ʹ
Š‡ ‰α

˜ ʹ α‰ Ÿ ˜ α ‰
›ȋ‡–™‡‡ƒ†Ȍ
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
˜   Ͳ ˜  ‰ȋʹȌ
ʹ ʹ
˜ʹ α˜ ʹ ΪͶ‰ Ÿ ˜ʹ αͷ‰Ÿ ˜  ͷ‰
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹ˆ ʹ‰ δ—δ ͷ‰ ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ž‡ƒ˜‡•–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ
Note: ˆ–‡”Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹ŽŽˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ƒ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Ž‹ ’ƒ–ŠǤ
Illustration 37
‹† ‹‹—•’‡‡† ƒ– •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ „ƒŽŽ ƒ ”‡ƒ Š ƒ– ’‘‹–  ƒ••Š‘™ ‹
 
ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŽ•‘†‹• —••–Š‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™Š‡αͲǡ˜αͲ•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›ƒ–
T
T αͻͲιǤ
Solution: 
”‘‡‡”‰› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ
ͳ ʹ
˜  ΪͲαͲڏ‰ ȋˆ‘”‹‹—•’‡‡†ƒ–ǡ˜ αͲȌ 
ʹ  ˜

˜‹ α ʹ‰  T 
ƒ––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ˜αͲƒ†αͲ T ‰ ‘•T

˜ ʹ ‰
  ‰ ‘• T ǥȋ‹Ȍ

ȋ’—––‹‰˜ αͲƒ†T αͻͲιǡ‹‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ”‡–—”„ƒ ǡ‘–‹‘‹•‘• ‹ŽŽƒ–‘”›
Illustration 38
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹’”‘Œ‡ –‡†™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͵‰ ƒ–’‘‹–ȋŽ‘™‡•–’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ȍ‹–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ ‹†
–Š‡ƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘—–Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ’‘‹–‹ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰•Žƒ •ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ
Solution:
•–‡•‹‘ƒ–ǢαͲ

˜ ʹ
? ‰ ‘• T

? ˜ ‰ ‘• T ǤǤǤȋͳȌ 
‘™„›‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡‡”‰›„‡–™‡‡ƒ†Ǥ 
ͳ ͳ ʹ
Ͳ   u ͵‰ ˜   ‰ȋͳ  ‘• TȌ 
ʹ ʹ
—–˜α ‰ ‘•T

[ 26 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
ͳ
? ‘• T
͵
? ‡‹‰Š–ƒ––‡†‡†„›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡’‘‹–™Š‡”‡–Š‡•–”‹‰•Žƒ •‹•Ǣ
˜ ʹ •‹ʹ T ‰ ‘• TȋͳȂ ‘•ʹ TȌ Ͷ
Š̵
ʹ‰ ʹ‰ ʹ͹
? ƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–‹•‰‹˜‡„›Ǣ
ƒš    ‘• T  Š̵
 Ͷ ͶͲ
   
͵ ʹ͹ ʹ͹

BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ͳ ‹•ˆƒ•–‡‡†–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆƒ•–”‹‰ƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡”‘‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ –‘–Š‡‹††Ž‡
’‘‹–Ǣ–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰„‡‹‰ˆƒ•–‡‡†–‘ƒˆ‹š‡†’‘‹–‘ƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ
Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ǡ•‘–Šƒ––Š‡–™‘’‘”–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰ƒ”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•‹–Š‡•ƒ‡
•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡ƒ††‡• ”‹„‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡•Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡•‹‘•‹–Š‡–™‘’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰Ǥ
PCM109
2. ”‘ƒ†‹•ͺ™‹†‡Ǥ –•ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ —”˜ƒ–—”‡‹•ͶͲǤŠ‡‘—–‡”‡†‰‡‹•ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡Ž‘™‡”‡†‰‡
„›ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆͳǤʹͺǤ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡”‘ƒ†‹•‘•–•—‹–‡†ǫȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
PCM110
3. •–‘‡‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰–‹‡†–‘ƒŽ‹‰Š–•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠA αͳͲ‹•™Š‹”Ž‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‹–Š‡
˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹—–‘‹‹—–‡•‹‘•‹–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•͵ǡˆ‹†–Š‡•’‡‡†•
‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–ƒ†Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹–•Ǥ
PCM111
4. ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•Š‘™ǣǦ 

ȋƒȌ ’‡‡†ƒ– ˜ α ඥ͹ܴ݃
ȋ„Ȍ ‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘ƒ–  

ȋ Ȍ ‡‹‰Š–
PCM112
5.  ƒ”‹•‘˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒŠ‹ŽŽ›”‘ƒ†ƒ••Š‘™ȋ•‹†‡˜‹‡™ȌǤŠ‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ•–ƒ–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
–›”‡•ƒ†–Š‡’ƒ˜‡‡–‹• ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†–Š‡ ƒ”ƒ‹–ƒ‹•ƒ•–‡ƒ†›•’‡‡†Ǥ ˆƒ–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–•
•Š‘™–Š‡†”‹˜‡”ƒ’’Ž‹‡•„”ƒ‡•ƒ•Šƒ”†ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Š‘—–ƒ‹‰–Š‡–›”‡••Ž‹’ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ
–Š‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡„”ƒ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒš‹—‹ˆ–Š‡ ƒ”™ƒ•ƒ–ǣǦ
ȋȌ ’‘‹–
ȋȌ’‘‹– 
ȋȌ’‘‹– 
ȋȌ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘”’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡƒ† 
PCM113
6. •–‘‡™‡‹‰Š‹‰ͲǤͷ‰–‹‡†–‘ƒ”‘’‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͲǤͷ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
’Žƒ‡ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’‡ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡‹•Ͷͷ‡™–‘Ǥ‘™Šƒ–Š‡‹‰Š–™‹ŽŽ
–Š‡•–‘‡”‹•‡‹ˆ–Š‡”‘’‡„”‡ƒ•ƒ––Š‡‘‡–™Š‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•†‹”‡ –‡†—’™ƒ”†•ǫȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
PCM114

[Link] [ 27 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWER KEY

BEGINNER'S BOX-1

1. ȋȌ 2. ȋȌ 3. ͸Ȁ•ʹ –‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ

4. ͳǣͳ 5. ȋȌ 6. ȋȌ

7. ȋȌ 8. ƶ
͵”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ƶ
ǡ ʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•

BEGINNER'S BOX-2

ʹͳ
1. 2. ͺȀ• 3. ˜Ž‘™‡•– α ʹͲ ʹ Ȁ•Ǣ˜Š‹‰Š‡•– αʹͲȀ•
ʹ  ʹͳ

ͻ
4. ȋƒȌ ͷ‰  ȋ„ȌͶ‰ ȋ Ȍ 
ʹ
5. ȋȌ 6. ͳǤͷ

[ 28 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN

Exercise - I
KINEMATICS OF CIRCULAR MOTION 6. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡†‡• ”‹„‹‰‡“—ƒŽ
1.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ̵̵ †‡• ”‹„‡• ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‰Ž‡‹‡“—ƒŽ–‹‡•ǡ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜‡ –‘”ǣȂ
”ƒ†‹—•ȋ”ȌǤŠ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ȋͳȌ”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
Ͷ ȋʹȌ Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹• ʹ ǤŠ‡‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ǣȂ ȋ͵Ȍ Šƒ‰‡‹†‹”‡ –‹‘
”
ȋͶȌ Šƒ‰‡•‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘
ʹ ʹ Ͷ Ͷ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ PCM006
” ” ” ”
7. ƒ••‘ˆʹ‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡
PCM001 „› ‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ƒ •–”‹‰ ƒ– ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ
2.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ƒ”‘—† ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š ͷ ”Ǥ’ǤǤ ‡‡’‹‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘•–ƒ– –Š‡
™‹–Š—‹ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†ȋZȌǤŠ‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ •–”‹‰ ‹• †‘—„Ž‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‡™
–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‹•ȋ”ȌǤŠ‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ •’‡‡†‹•‡ƒ”Ž›ǣȂ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ǣȂ ȋͳȌ͹”Ǥ’ǤǤ ȋʹȌͳͶ”Ǥ’ǤǤ
Zʹ Z ȋ͵ȌͳͲ”Ǥ’ǤǤ ȋͶȌʹͲ”Ǥ’ǤǤ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ˜Z ȋͶȌ˜” PCM007
” ”
PCM002 8.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‡
3.  ƒ” ‘˜‡• ‘ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ”‘ƒ†ǡ †‡• ”‹„‹‰ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ Ž‹‡ƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
‡“—ƒŽ ƒ‰Ž‡• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‹ ‡“—ƒŽ
–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ–ƒ›‹•–ƒ–”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ”‡ Z ǡ
‹–‡”˜ƒŽ• ‘ˆ –‹‡•Ǥ Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•
ƒ„‘—––Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ƒ”‹•–”—‡ǣȂ ˜ ǡ D ǡ ƒ Ǥ Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘
ȋͳȌ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• ‘•–ƒ– ‹•Ȁƒ”‡ ‘””‡ –ǣȂ
o o o o
ȋʹȌƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• ‘•–ƒ–„—––Š‡ ȋƒȌ Z A ˜ ȋ„Ȍ Z A D
†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Šƒ‰‡ o o o o

ȋ͵Ȍ„‘–Šƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋ Ȍ ˜ A ƒ ȋ†Ȍ Z A ƒ

Šƒ‰‡ ȋͳȌƒǡ„ǡ† ȋʹȌ„ǡ ǡ† ȋ͵Ȍƒǡ„ǡ ȋͶȌƒǡ ǡ†
PCM008
ȋͶȌ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•†‹”‡ –‡†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ
9. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ƒ –‡†—’‘„›ƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ ‘•–ƒ–
‹” Ž‡
ƒ‰‹–—†‡™Š‹ Š‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘
PCM003
–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǤŠ‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
4.  ‹•‡ – –”ƒ’’‡† ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‰”‘‘˜‡ ‘ˆ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡‹ƒ’Žƒ‡Ǥ –ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǡ–Šƒ–ǣȂ
”ƒ†‹—•ͳʹ ‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡‰”‘‘˜‡•–‡ƒ†‹Ž›
ȋͳȌ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• ‘•–ƒ–
ƒ† ‘’Ž‡–‡•͹”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•‹ͳͲͲ•ǤŠƒ–‹• ȋʹȌ‹–•ǤǤ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‹‘ǣȂ ȋ͵Ȍ‹–•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹• ‘•–ƒ–
ȋͳȌʹǤ͵ Ȁ• ȋʹȌͷǤ͵ Ȁ• ȋͶȌ‹–‘˜‡•‹ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡
ȋ͵ȌͲǤͶͶ Ȁ• ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ PCM009
PCM004 10. ˆ –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ ƒ
5.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘˜‡• ‹ ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‹•‰‹˜‡„›
ʹͷ  ƒ– –™‘ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ’‡” •‡ ‘†Ǥ Š‡ ȋTȌαʹ–͵ ΪͲǤͷǡ™Š‡”‡T ‹•‹”ƒ†‹ƒ•ƒ†–‹
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹Ȁ•‡ ʹ ‹•ǣȂ •‡ ‘†•ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋͳȌSʹ ȋʹȌͺSʹ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒˆ–‡”ʹ•ˆ”‘‹–••–ƒ”–‹•ǣȂ
ȋ͵ȌͶ Sʹ ȋͶȌʹ Sʹ ȋͳȌͺ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•
PCM005 ȋ͵ȌʹͶ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌ͵͸”ƒ†Ȁ•
PCM010

[Link] [ 29 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
11. •’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•–‹‡†–‘‡†‘ˆ•–”‹‰‘ˆ 16. Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰‹ƒ
Ž‡‰–Š A ƒ† ”‘–ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‡† ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ͳͲͲ–‹‡•’‡”‹—–‡‹•
ȋͳȌͳǤ͸͸”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳͲǤͶ͹”ƒ†Ȁ•
ƒŽ‘‰ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š•’‡‡†˜Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌͳͲǤͶ͹†‡‰”‡‡Ȁ• ȋͶȌ͸Ͳ†‡‰”‡‡Ȁ•
Š‡™‘”†‘‡‹ˆ—ŽŽŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡‹•ǣǦ
PCM016
§ ˜ ʹ ·
ȋͳȌͲ ȋʹȌ ¨ ǤʹS
¸ ǤʹS 17. ™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ•• ̵̵ ƒ† ̵̵ ƒ”‡
© ¹ ‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–ŠŠƒ˜‹‰”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†
§ ˜ ʹ · ”Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‹”–‹‡’‡”‹‘†ƒ”‡•ƒ‡–Š‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ǤʹS ȋͶȌ ¨ ¸Ǥ ‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
© ¹
PCM011 ”  
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌ
12. „‘†›‘˜‡•™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›  ” ”
‘ƒ ‹” Ž‡Ǥƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣǦ PCM017
ȋͳȌ ”Zʹ ȋʹȌ‘•–ƒ– 18. ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‹—–‡Šƒ†‘ˆƒ Ž‘ ‹•ǣȂ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡”‘ ȋͶȌ ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ S
ȋͳȌ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌͺS ”ƒ†Ȁ•
PCM012 ͵Ͳ
13. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ȋȌ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ʹS S
ȋ͵Ȍ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌ ”ƒ†Ȁ•
‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ȋȌ ™‹–Š —‹ˆ‘” •’‡‡† ˜Ǥ ͳͺͲͲ ͳͺͲͲ
Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‰‘‡•ˆ”‘‘‡‡†–‘‘–Š‡”‡† PCM018
‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ǡ–Š‡ǣǦ 19.  ƒ”‘˜‹‰™‹–Š•’‡‡†͵ͲȀ•‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”
ͳ ’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͷͲͲǤ –••’‡‡†‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰
ȋͳȌǤǤ Šƒ‰‡•„› ˜ ʹ
ʹ ƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆʹȀ•ʹǤŠ‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋʹȌǤǤ Šƒ‰‡„›˜ʹ ƒ”‹•ǣȂ
ȋ͵Ȍ‘ Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡–— ȋͳȌͻǤͺȀ•ʹ ȋʹȌͳǤͺȀ•ʹ
ȋͶȌ Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡–—‹•ʹ˜ ȋ͵ȌʹȀ•ʹ ȋͶȌʹǤ͹Ȁ•ʹ
PCM013 PCM019
14. •–‘‡‹•–‹‡†–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ•–”‹‰ͷͲ Ž‘‰ 20. ˆ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ —‹ˆ‘”Ž› ‹ ƒ
ƒ† ‹• ™Š‹”Ž‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǡ–Š‡Ȃ
‘•–ƒ– •’‡‡†Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ •–‘‡ ƒ‡• ͳͲ ȋͳȌ‘ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ –‹‰‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ‹ ʹͲ •ǡ –Š‡ ™Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ȋʹȌ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹• ‘•–ƒ–
ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ǣǦ ȋ͵Ȍ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Šƒ•‘ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋͳȌͶͻ͵ Ȁ•ʹ ȋʹȌ͹ʹͲ Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌ‘™‘”‹•†‘‡
ȋ͵Ȍͺ͸Ͳ Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌͻͻͲ Ȁ•ʹ PCM020
PCM014 21. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰–‹‡†–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ•–”‹‰
15. ‘” ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹ ƒ ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡† ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—•
‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǣȂ ͲǤͳ  ™‹–Š ƒ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ͵ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ȁ•‡ ǡ
ȋͳȌ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹• ”ƒ†‹ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ••—‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ‹• ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ǡ
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ‘Ž› –Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–‡•‹‘
ȋʹȌ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹• –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‹–Š‡•–”‹‰™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
”ƒ†‹ƒŽ‘Ž›
ȋͳȌͳǤͺͺȀ•ǡ͵ͷǤͷȀ•ʹǡ͵ͷǤͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹• ”ƒ†‹ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ•
ȋʹȌʹǤͺͺȀ•ǡͶͷǤͷȀ•ʹǡͶͷǤͷ
„‘–Š”ƒ†‹ƒŽƒ†–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–•
ȋ͵Ȍ͵ǤͺͺȀ•ǡͷͷǤͷȀ•ʹǡͷͷǤͷ
ȋͶȌ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ†ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
„‘–Š”ƒ†‹ƒŽƒ†–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ‘’‘‡–•
PCM021
PCM015

[ 30 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
§ ʹͲ · DYNAMICS OF HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR
22. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ¨ ¸
© S ¹ MOTION
27. Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘˜‹‰
™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ––ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‡
ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š—‹ˆ‘”•’‡‡†ǣȂ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ͺͲȀ•ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ—‹ˆ‘”„—–‘œ‡”‘
–Š‡•‡ ‘†”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒˆ–‡”‘–‹‘Šƒ•„‡‰—ǡ
ȋʹȌœ‡”‘
–Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ǣȂ ȋ͵Ȍ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡
ȋͳȌͶͲȀ•ʹ ȋʹȌ͸ͶͲS Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌ ƒ• ƒ‘–„‡’”‡†‹ –‡†ˆ”‘‰‹˜‡
ȋ͵Ȍͳ͸ͲS Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌͶͲS Ȁ•ʹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
PCM022 PCM027
23. Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ™Š‡‡Ž‹•͹Ͳ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ 28. ˆ–Š‡•’‡‡†ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•„‘–Šƒ”‡–”‹’’Ž‡†ˆ‘”ƒ
–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‹•ͲǤͷǡ–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ” „‘†›‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Šǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡™
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‹•ǣȂ
ȋͳȌ‘—„Ž‡†‘ˆ’”‡˜‹‘—•˜ƒŽ—‡
ȋͳȌ͹ͲȀ• ȋʹȌ͵ͷȀ•
ȋʹȌ“—ƒŽ–‘’”‡˜‹‘—•˜ƒŽ—‡
ȋ͵Ȍ͵ͲȀ• ȋͶȌʹͲȀ• ȋ͵Ȍ”‹’Ž‡‘ˆ’”‡˜‹‘—•˜ƒŽ—‡
PCM023 ȋͶȌ‡–Š‹”†‘ˆ’”‡˜‹‘—•˜ƒŽ—‡
24. •–‘‡–‹‡†–‘–Š‡‡†‘ˆƒ•–”‹‰‘ˆͳŽ‘‰ PCM028
‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ– 29. Š‡ ƒ „‘†› ‘˜‡• ™‹–Š ƒ ‘•–ƒ– •’‡‡†
•’‡‡†Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ •–‘‡ ƒ‡• ʹʹ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‹ ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” Ž‡ǣȂ
ͶͶ •‡ ‘†•ǡ ™Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ƒ† ȋͳȌ‘ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•’”‡•‡–‹–Š‡„‘†›
†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ǣȂ ȋʹȌ‘ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•‘–Š‡„‘†›
ȋ͵Ȍ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
ȋͳȌ SʹȀ•ʹ ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡–ƒ‰‡––‘
ȋͶȌ‘™‘”‰‡–•†‘‡‘‹–
–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ PCM029
ȋʹȌ Sʹ Ȁ•ʹ ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• 30. ’‡†—Ž—‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‘ˆƒ
–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ ”ƒ‹Ž ”‘ƒ† ƒ”Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ” ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ‘ ƒ
Sʹ ‹” —Žƒ”–”ƒ –Š‡’‡†—Ž—‹ Ž‹‡•ǣ
ȋ͵Ȍ Ȁ•ʹ ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ȋͳȌ ‘”™ƒ”†
Ͷ
–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ ȋʹȌƒ ™ƒ”†
ȋ͵Ȍ‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ–Š
ȋͶȌ Sʹ Ȁ•ʹ ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—•
ȋͶȌ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ–Š
ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ PCM030
PCM024 31. •–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͲǤͳ ƒ‘–„‡ƒ”ƒ–‡•‹‘
25. ˆŽ›™Š‡‡Ž”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ–͸ͲͲ”‡˜Ȁ‹‹•„”‘—‰Š– ‘”‡–ŠƒͳͲͲǤ –‹•–‹‡†–‘ƒ„‘†›‘ˆƒ••
—†‡”—‹ˆ‘”†‡ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•–‘’’‡†ƒˆ–‡” ͳͲͲ‰ ƒ† ”‘–ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ Š‡
ʹ‹—–‡•ǡ–Š‡™Šƒ–‹•ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‡ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹ ƒš‹—ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ„‡Ǧ
”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ ǫ ȋͳȌͳͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳͲͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•
S ͳ ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌͲǤͳ”ƒ†Ȁ•
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌͳͲS ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ͵ͲͲ PCM031
͸ ͳʹ
32. Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•
PCM025
†‘—„Ž‡†„—–‹–•ˆ”‡“—‡ ›‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•‡’–
26. Š‡ Ž‹‡ƒ” ƒ† ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ
‘•–ƒ–Ǥ ˆ –Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ „‡ ǡ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ”‡ͳͲȀ•ʹ ƒ†ͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ –Š‡–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
–™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵ȌͶ ȋͶȌʹ
ȋͳȌͷͲ ȋʹȌʹͷ ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌʹ ʹ
PCM026 PCM032

[Link] [ 31 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
33. ͲǤͷ‰„ƒŽŽ‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͶ 39.  ͷͲͲ ‰ ƒ” –ƒ‡• ƒ ”‘—† –—” ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—•
ƒ–ƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͶȀ•ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ ͷͲ  ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ͵͸ ȀŠ”Ǥ Š‡
–Š‡„ƒŽŽ‹•ǣȂ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹• ǣǦ
ȋͳȌͳͲ ȋʹȌʹͲ ȋ͵ȌͶͲ ȋͶȌͺͲ ȋͳȌʹͷͲ ȋʹȌͳͲͲͲ
PCM033 ȋ͵Ȍ͹ͷͲ ȋͶȌͳʹͲͲ
34.  „‘†› ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ‘•–ƒ– •’‡‡† PCM039
ƒŽ‘‰ ƒ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ ˆ ‹–• †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘–‹‘ ‹• 40.  ‘–‘” › Ž‡ †”‹˜‡” †‘—„Ž‡• ‹–• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
”‡˜‡”•‡† „—– –Š‡ •’‡‡† ”‡ƒ‹• –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ™Š‡ Š‡ ‹• –ƒ‹‰ ƒ –—”Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘” ‡ ‡š‡”–‡†
–Š‡ǣȂ –‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡ǣǦ
ȋƒȌ –Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘– •—ˆˆ‡” ƒ› ȋͳȌ†‘—„Ž‡ ȋʹȌŠƒŽˆ
Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ͳ
ȋ͵ȌͶ–‹‡• ȋͶȌ –‹‡•
ȋ„Ȍ –Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ ‹–• Ͷ
†‹”‡ –‹‘”‡˜‡”•‡† PCM040
ȋ Ȍ –Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘– •—ˆˆ‡” ƒ› 41. Š‡ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘‡‡’ƒ„‘†›‹—‹ˆ‘”
Šƒ‰‡‹†‹”‡ –‹‘ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹•ǣǦ
ȋ†Ȍ –Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•†‘—„Ž‡† ȋͳȌ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ ȋʹȌ‡–”‹ˆ—‰ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
ȋͳȌ ƒǡ„ ȋʹȌ„ǡ ȋ͵Ȍ ǡ† ȋͶȌƒǡ ȋ͵Ȍ‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
PCM034 PCM041
35. ƒ” ƒ† ƒ– ”‡’”‡•‡– ”ƒ†‹ƒŽ ƒ† –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ BANKING OF TRACKS
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡‘–‹‘‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ 42.  ƒ” ‘˜‹‰ ‘ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ”‘ƒ† ƒ› „‡
—‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡ‹ˆǣȂ –Š”‘™‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ƒ†‹–ƒ‹‰ƒ–—”ǣȂ
ȋͳȌƒ” αͲƒ†ƒ– αͲ ȋʹȌƒ” αͲ„—–ƒ– z Ͳ ȋͳȌ „›–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
ȋ͵Ȍƒ” z Ͳ„—–ƒ– αͲ ȋͶȌƒ” z Ͳƒ†ƒ– z Ͳ ȋʹȌ †—‡–‘Žƒ ‘ˆ’”‘’‡” ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
PCM035 ȋ͵Ȍ †—‡ –‘ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –›”‡•
36.  —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ” ‘–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ†–Š‡‘ƒ†
˜‡ –‘”ƒ†ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘˜‡ –‘”ƒ”‡ ȋͶȌ †—‡–‘”‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ƒ†
ȋͳȌ‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡” PCM042
ȋʹȌƒ‡†‹”‡ –‹‘ 43. ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”˜‡† ”‘ƒ† ‘ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍ’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘ Š‹‰Š™ƒ›‹•Ǥ‹†–Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ƒ†‹•„ǤŠ‡‘—–‡”
ȋͶȌ‘–”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡” ‡†‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ƒ†‹•”ƒ‹•‡†„›Š™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘
PCM036 ‹‡” ‡†‰‡ •‘ –Šƒ– ƒ ƒ” ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ ƒ
37. •–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͳͲ „”‡ƒ•‹ˆ‹–•–‡•‹‘ ’ƒ•••ƒˆ‡Ž›‘˜‡”‹–ǤŠ‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆŠ‹•ǣȂ
‡š ‡‡†•ͳͲ‡™–‘Ǥ•–‘‡‘ˆƒ••ʹͷͲ‰–‹‡† ˜ ʹ„ ˜ ˜ ʹ ˜ ʹ„
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
–‘–Š‹••–”‹‰ǡ‹•”‘–ƒ–‡†‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ ‰ ‰„ „‰ 
Š‡ ƒš‹— ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ PCM043
ƒ„‡ǣǦ 44.  „‘› Š‘Ž†• ƒ ’‡†—Ž— ‹ Š‹• Šƒ† ™Š‹Ž‡
ȋͳȌʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌͶͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• •–ƒ†‹‰ƒ––Š‡‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’Žƒ–ˆ‘”‘ˆ
ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌʹͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ”ƒ†‹—•””‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ–ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡† Z Š‡
PCM037 ’‡†—Ž— ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ‰ ƒ– ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ T ™‹–Š –Š‡
38. Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ȋ‡ α ͸ έ ͳͲ ‰Ȍ ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰
ʹͶ
˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ•‘–Šƒ–ǣȂ
ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ •— ‹ ƒ ‘”„‹– ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ȋ‡‰Ž‡ –Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ’‡†—Ž—Ȍ
ȋͳǤͷ έ ͳͲͺȌ  ™‹–Š ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ
Zʹ”ʹ
ȋʹ έ ͳͲȂ͹Ȍ ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘” ‡ ȋ‹ ‡™–‘Ȍ ȋͳȌ–ƒT  ȋʹȌ –ƒ T
‰
‡š‡”–‡†‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š„›–Š‡•—™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ͵͸έͳͲʹͳ ȋʹȌͳ͸έͳͲʹͶ ”Zʹ ‰
ȋ͵Ȍ –ƒ T ȋͶȌ –ƒ T
ȋ͵ȌʹͷέͳͲͳ͸ ȋͶȌ‡”‘ ‰ Zʹ”
PCM038 PCM044

[ 32 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
VERTICAL CIRCULAR MOTION 50.  •–‘‡ ƒ––ƒ Š‡† –‘ ‘‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ƒ •–”‹‰ ‹•
45. ‡–̵T̵†‡‘–‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆƒ ™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡
•‹’Ž‡ ’‡†—Ž— ‘• ‹ŽŽƒ–‹‰ ‹ ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ •–”‹‰‹•ƒš‹—™Š‡ǣȂ
’Žƒ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„‹•ȋȌǡ–Š‡–Š‡ ȋͳȌ –Š‡•–”‹‰‹•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
–‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰‹•‰ ‘•T ǣȂ ȋʹȌ –Š‡ •–”‹‰ ‹• ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •–‘‡ ƒ–
ȋͳȌƒŽ™ƒ›• Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘
ȋʹȌ‡˜‡” ȋ͵Ȍ –Š‡•–”‹‰‹•˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡•–‘‡ƒ––Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍƒ––Š‡‡š–”‡‡’‘•‹–‹‘• Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘
ȋͶȌƒ––Š‡‡ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘ ȋͶȌ –Š‡•–”‹‰ƒ‡•ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆͶͷι™‹–Š–Š‡
PCM045 ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
46.  ’‡†—Ž— „‘„ Šƒ• ƒ •’‡‡† ͵ Ȁ• ™Š‹Ž‡ PCM050
’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–•Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘ǡŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ 51. ™‡‹‰Š–Ž‡••–Š”‡ƒ† ƒ™‹–Š•–ƒ†–‡•‹‘—’–‘
–Š‡’‡†—Ž—‹•ͲǤͷ–Š‡‹–••’‡‡†™Š‡‹–
͵ͲǤ•–‘‡‘ˆƒ••ͲǤͷ‰‹•–‹‡†–‘‹–ƒ†‹•
ƒ‡•ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ͸Ͳ‘ ™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ‹•ǣȂ
”‡˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ʹ ‹ ƒ
ȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
ȋͳȌʹȀ• ȋʹȌͳȀ• ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ ˆ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹǡ–Š‡–Š‡ƒš‹—
ȋ͵ȌͶȀ• ȋͶȌ͵Ȁ• ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ ƒ„‡ǣȂ
PCM046 ȋͳȌͷ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌ ͵Ͳ ”ƒ†Ȁ•
47. Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„‘ˆƒ•‹’Ž‡’‡†—Ž—‘ˆ
Ž‡‰–Š  ‹• Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ „‘„ ‹• Ž‡ˆ– ˆ”‘ ‹–• ȋ͵Ȍ ͸Ͳ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘–Š‡–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„ PCM051
ƒ† –Š‡ –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ –Š”‡ƒ† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡•– 52. „‘†›–‹‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š‹•”‡˜‘Ž˜‡†
’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘„™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǣȂ
‹ ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š ‹‹— ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ
 
™Š‡–Š‡„‘†›”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‡—’’‡”‘•–’‘‹–
–Š‡•–”‹‰„”‡ƒ•ƒ†–Š‡„‘†›‘˜‡•—†‡”

–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š
ƒŽ‘‰ƒ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Ž‹ ’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ”ƒ‰‡
‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
ȋͳȌ ʹ‰ ƒ†͵‰ ȋʹȌ ͵‰ ƒ†ʹ‰

˜
ȋ͵Ȍ ͷ‰ ƒ†ʹ‰ ȋͶȌ ‰ ƒ†͵‰
PCM047 
 
48.  •–‘‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͳ ‰ ‹• –‹‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ƒ
•–”‹‰‘ˆͳŽ‡‰–ŠǤ –‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ š
 
‹” Ž‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡ƒ––Š‡–‘’„‡
Ͷ Ȁ•Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ •–”‹‰ ȋͳȌšα ȋʹȌšαʹ
ȋƒ––Šƒ–‹•–ƒ–Ȍǫ ȋ͵Ȍšα ʹ ʹ ȋͶȌšα ʹ
ȋͳȌ͸ ȋʹȌͳ͸ ȋ͵Ȍͷ ȋͶȌͳͲ
PCM052
PCM048
49. ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ȋ”Ȍǡƒ–™Šƒ–’‘‹– 53.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ‹ ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ –Š‡
‹‹–•’ƒ–Šƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ›Šƒ˜‡–‡•‹‘‡“—ƒŽ –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ •–”‹‰ ™Š‡ ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š
–‘œ‡”‘ǣȂ –™‘’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ–ƒ‰Ž‡͵Ͳι ƒ†͸Ͳι ˆ”‘˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
ȋͳȌŠ‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹– ˆ”‘Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ”‡ͳ ƒ†ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›
ȋʹȌŽ‘™‡•–’‘‹– –Š‡ǣȂ
ȋ͵Ȍƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–
ȋͳȌͳ αʹ ȋʹȌͳ εʹ
ȋͶȌ ƒ– ƒ ’‘‹– Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ
”ƒ†‹—• ȋ͵Ȍͳ δʹ ȋͶȌͳ t ʹ
PCM049 PCM053

[Link] [ 33 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
54. „‘†› ”‘••‡•–Š‡–‘’‘•–’‘‹–‘ˆƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ 58. ˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡••–”ƒ ‡†•‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”
‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š ”‹–‹ ƒŽ •’‡‡†Ǥ Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹–• Ž‘‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ„‘†›•Ž‹†‡•†‘™–Š‡–”ƒ 
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‡ –Š‡ •–”‹‰ ‹• ˆ”‘ ’‘‹–  ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– Š α ͷ Ǥ
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǣȂ ƒš‹— ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ  ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‘†› –‘
ȋͳȌ‰ ȋʹȌʹ‰ •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ› ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡Ž‘‘’‹• ǣȂ
ȋ͵Ȍ͵‰ ȋͶȌ͸‰ 

PCM054
Š ʹ 
55. –‘‡–‹‡†ƒ–‘‡‡†‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–•–”‹‰‹•™Š‹”Ž‡†

”‘—† ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ 
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒš‹—ƒ†‹‹—–‡•‹‘
ȋͳȌͷ Ǥ
‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†„›–Š‡•–”‹‰™‹”‡‹•ʹ‰™–ǡ–Š‡
ȋʹȌʹ Ǥ
–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡—•–„‡ǣȂ
ͳͲ
ȋͳȌͳ‰ ȋʹȌ͸‰ ȋ͵Ȍ Ǥ
͵
ȋ͵ȌͳȀ͵‰ ȋͶȌʹ‰
ͳͷ
PCM055 ȋͶȌ Ǥ
Ͷ
56.  ƒ•• –‹‡† –‘ ƒ •–”‹‰ ‘˜‡• ‹ ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ PCM058
‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ —‹ˆ‘” •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ͷ Ȁ• ƒ• 59.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• ’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
•Š‘™Ǥ––Š‡’‘‹––Š‡•–”‹‰„”‡ƒ•ǤŠ‡ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘–‹‘ ȋ•‡‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌǤ ˆ –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡
ƒ•• ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ Š ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ„‘˜‡  ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”Ž› •’‡‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–
ȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌǣȂ ™Š‹ Š’‘‹–ƒš‹—„”‡ƒ‹‰’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ
–Š‡•–”‹‰ǣȂ
ͳ
 
 

  
ȋͳȌͳ ȋʹȌͲǤͷ

ȋ͵ȌͳǤ͹ͷ ȋͶȌͳǤʹͷ
PCM056 ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
57. ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡”„”‹†‰‡‹• ‘ ƒ˜‡‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ„‡‹‰ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
‘˜‡šǡ–Š‡–Š‡”‡ƒ –‹‘‘–Š‡”‘ƒ†ƒ––Š‡ PCM059
Ž‘™‡•–’‘•‹–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ 60. •–‘‡–‹†‡™‹–Šƒ•–”‹‰‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
˜ ʹ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵”̵Ǥ –•‹‹—˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––Š‡
ȋͳȌ ‰ 
” Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
˜ ʹ ȋͳȌ ͵‰”
ȋʹȌ ‰ 
” ȋʹȌ ʹ‰”
ʹ˜ʹ‰
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋ͵Ȍ ‰”
”
˜ ʹ‰ ‰”
ȋͶȌ ȋͶȌ
” ʹ
PCM057 PCM060

[ 34 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
61. •–‘‡‘ˆƒ••ͲǤʹ‰‹•–‹‡†–‘‘‡‡†‘ˆƒ 62. •—•’‡†‡†•‹’Ž‡’‡†—Ž—‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š A ‹•
–Š”‡ƒ† ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ͲǤͳ  ™Š‹”Ž‡† ‹ ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
ƒ‹‰ ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ T ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽǤ 
‹” Ž‡ǤŠ‡–Š‡•–‘‡‹•ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–‘ˆ
‹” Ž‡ǡ–‡•‹‘‹–Š”‡ƒ†‹•ͷʹǡ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‹‰ǡ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ ‰ ȋͳ  ‘• TȌ
ȋͳȌ ʹ‰ ȋʹȌ ʹ‰ •‹T
ȋͳȌͶȀ• ȋʹȌͷȀ•
‰ ȋͳ  ‘• TȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ‰ ȋͶȌ ʹ‰
 ȋ͵Ȍ͸Ȁ• ȋͶȌ͹Ȁ•
PCM061 PCM062

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 4 2 3 1 3 4 1 4
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 2 3 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 3 4 4
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 1 4 2 4 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 3
Question 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 2 2 3
Question 61 62
Answer 2 3

[Link] [ 35 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

Re-AIPMT 2015 4. Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡‹‹— ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ™‹–Š ™Š‹ Šƒ
1. ™‘•–‘‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ƒ†ʹƒ”‡™Š‹”Ž‡† „‘†›‘ˆƒ••—•–‡–‡”ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ‘‘’‘ˆ
‹ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡•ǡ –Š‡ Š‡ƒ˜‹‡” ‘‡ ‹ ƒ ”ƒ†‹—••‘–Šƒ–‹– ƒ ‘’Ž‡–‡–Š‡Ž‘‘’ǫ
” ȋͳȌ ‰ ȋʹȌ ʹ‰
”ƒ†‹—• ƒ†–Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡”‘‡‹”ƒ†‹—•”ǤŠ‡
ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ͵‰ ȋͶȌ ͷ‰
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ Ž‹‰Š–‡” •–‘‡ ‹•  –‹‡• PCM073
–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆŠ‡ƒ˜‹‡”•–‘‡™Š‡–Š‡› 5.  ƒ”‹•‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‰ƒ —”˜‡†”‘ƒ†‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ
‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ǤŠ‡˜ƒŽ—‡ Š‡ ”‘ƒ† ‹• „ƒ‡† ƒ– ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ TǤ Š‡
‘ˆ‹•ǣ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–›”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒ” ƒ† –Š‡ ”‘ƒ† ‹• ρ•Ǥ Š‡ ƒš‹— •ƒˆ‡
ȋͳȌͳ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌͶ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘–Š‹•”‘ƒ†‹•ǣǦ
PCM070
ʹ ρ •  –ƒ T ρ •  –ƒ T
2. Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ˜‡ –‘” ‘ˆ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡  ƒ• ƒ ȋͳȌ ‰ ȋʹȌ ‰
ͳ P• –ƒ T ͳ P• –ƒ T
ˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–‹‡‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣǦ
‰ ρ •  –ƒ T ‰ ρ •  –ƒ T
 Ͷ ‹ ȋʹS–Ȍ‹ƶ  Ͷ ‘•ȋʹS–ȌŒƶ
Ͷ•‹ȋʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
 ͳ P• –ƒ T  ʹ ͳ P• –ƒ T
Š‡”‡  ‹• ‹ ‡–‡”•ǡ – ‹• ‹ •‡ ‘†• ƒ†
PCM074
ƶ‹ ƒ† ƶŒ †‡‘–‡ —‹– ˜‡ –‘”• ƒŽ‘‰ š ƒ† NEET-II 2016
›Ǧ†‹”‡ –‹‘•ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‹ Š ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ 6. –Š‡‰‹˜‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡƒαͳͷȀ•ʹ ”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡
–‘–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‹‰‹–Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–•‹•™”‘‰ˆ‘”–Š‡‘–‹‘
Ž‘ ™‹•‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•αʹǤͷ
‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǫ
ƒ– ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ‹•–ƒ– ‘ˆ –‹‡Ǥ Š‡ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋͳȌ ƒ–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ǣǦ
Ͷ‡–‡”
ȋʹȌ  ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘˜‡ –‘”•‹•ƒŽ‘‰ 

ƒ
˜ʹ 
ȋ͵Ȍ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ˜‡ –‘” ‹•

™Š‡”‡˜‹•–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ ȋͳȌ ͷǤ͹Ȁ• ȋʹȌ͸ǤʹȀ•
ȋͶȌ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ȋ͵Ȍ ͶǤͷȀ• ȋͶȌͷǤͲȀ•
ͺ‡–‡”Ȁ•‡ ‘† PCM075
7. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡••‘–Šƒ–‹–•’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‹•
PCM071
‰‹˜‡ „› ” ‘• Z– šƶ  •‹ Z– ›ƶ Ǥ Š‡”‡ Z ‹• ƒ
NEET-I 2016
‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
3. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–”—‡ǫ
”ƒ†‹—• ͸ǤͶ  ™‹–Š ƒ ‘•–ƒ– –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ȋͳȌ ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ „‘–Š ƒ”‡
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘ ” Ǥ
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȋʹȌ ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ „‘–Š ƒ”‡
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡„‡ ‘‡•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ͺέͳͲȂͶ „›–Š‡‡† ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ ”
‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰ ȋ͵Ȍ ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ” ƒ†
‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‹‘ǫ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•†‹”‡ –‡†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹
ȋͶȌ ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ” ƒ†
ȋͳȌͲǤͳȀ•ʹ ȋʹȌͲǤͳͷȀ•ʹ
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• †‹”‡ –‡† ƒ™ƒ› ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ȋ͵ȌͲǤͳͺȀ•ʹ ȋͶȌͲǤʹȀ•ʹ ‘”‹‰‹
PCM072 PCM076

[ 36 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
NEET(UG) 2017 12. ™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰‹—‹ˆ‘”
8. ‡‡†‘ˆ•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠŽ‹• ‘‡ –‡†–‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‹ ‘ ‡–”‹  ‹” Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ̵̵ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‡† ‹• ” ƒ† ” ™‹–Š •’‡‡† X ƒ† X ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
‘‡ –‡† –‘ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ’‡‰ ‘ ƒ •‘‘–Š Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡ǤŠ‡
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•‹ ‹” Ž‡ ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
™‹–Š •’‡‡† ̵˜̵ –Š‡ ‡– ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ȋͳȌ” ǣ” ȋʹȌX ǣX
ȋ†‹”‡ –‡†–‘™ƒ”†• ‡–”‡Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡ȋ”‡’”‡•‡–• ȋ͵Ȍ” ǣ” ȋͶȌͳǣͳ
–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰ȌǣǦ PCM081
NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha)
˜ʹ ˜ʹ
ȋͳȌ   ȋʹȌ   13. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘”‡•–ǡ‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” Ž‡
Ž Ž ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵”̵Ǥ –ƒ––ƒ‹•ƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͲ Ȁ•‹
ȋ͵Ȍ‡”‘ ȋͶȌ –Š‡–Š ”‘—†Ǥ –•ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
PCM077  ʹ
NEET(UG) 2018 ȋͳȌ Ͳ ”ƒ† Ȁ •ʹ ȋʹȌ Ͳ ʹ ”ƒ† Ȁ •ʹ
 ʹS”
9.  „‘†› ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ƒ– ”‡•– ƒ† •Ž‹†‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰ ƒ
Ͳʹ Ͳʹ
ˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡••–”ƒ ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Šȋƒ••Š‘™‹ ȋ͵Ȍ ”ƒ† Ȁ • ʹ
ȋͶȌ ”ƒ† Ȁ •ʹ
ͶS”ʹ ͶS”
–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌŒ—•– ‘’Ž‡–‡•ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ
PCM082
†‹ƒ‡–‡”αǤŠ‡Š‡‹‰Š–Š‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ NEET(UG) 2020 (COVID-19)
14. Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‘ˆƒ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡‹•

Š ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ˆ”‘ ͵͸Ͳ ”’ –‘ ͳʹͲͲ ”’ ‹
ͳͶ•‡ ‘†Ǥ –•ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•
 ȋͳȌʹS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋʹȌʹͺS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ
͵ ͹ ͷ ȋ͵ȌͳʹͲS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌͳ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ  PCM083
ʹ ͷ Ͷ
15. ’‘‹–ƒ••̵̵‹•‘˜‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡
PCM078
‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ̵”̵ ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‡Ž’ ‘ˆ ƒ •–”‹‰Ǥ Š‡
NEET(UG) 2019
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ•• ‹• ͹‰” ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‘™‡•–
10. „Ž‘ ‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰‹•‹ ‘–ƒ –ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡
‹‡” ™ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ ƒ Š‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ †”— ‘ˆ ’‘‹–ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–
’‘‹–‹•ǣ
”ƒ†‹—•ͳǤŠ‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡
ȋͳȌ͸‰ ȋʹȌ͹‰
–Š‡„Ž‘ ƒ†–Š‡‹‡”™ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡”‹•
ȋ͵Ȍͺ‰ ȋͶȌͳ‰
ͲǤͳǤ Š‡ ‹‹— ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‡‡†‡† PCM084
ˆ‘”–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡”–‘‡‡’–Š‡„Ž‘ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› NEET(UG) 2022
™Š‡ –Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡” ‹• ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ 16. Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ƒˆŽ›™Š‡‡Ž‘˜‹‰™‹–Š
ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ —‹ˆ‘” ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘
ͳͲ ͳʹͲͲ ”’ –‘ ͵ͳʹͲ ”’ ‹ ͳ͸ •‡ ‘†•Ǥ Š‡
ȋͳȌ ͳͲ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ‹•ǣ
ʹS
ȋ͵ȌͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌͳͲS ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͳȌͶS ȋʹȌͳʹS
ȋ͵ȌͳͲͶS ȋͶȌʹS
PCM079
PCM085
11.  ƒ••  ‹• ƒ––ƒ Š‡† –‘ ƒ –Š‹ ™‹”‡ ƒ†
NEET(UG) 2023
™Š‹”Ž‡†‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǤŠ‡™‹”‡‹•‘•– 17. Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†›ǡ ‘˜‹‰
Ž‹‡Ž›–‘„”‡ƒ™Š‡ǣ ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆƒ ‹” Ž‡ǡ‹•ǣ
ȋͳȌ–Š‡ƒ••‹•ƒ––Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹– ȋͳȌƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡
ȋʹȌ–Š‡™‹”‡‹•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ȋʹȌƒŽ‘‰–Š‡–ƒ‰‡––‘‹–•’‘•‹–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ–Š‡ƒ••‹•ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹– ȋ͵ȌƒŽ‘‰–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ȋͶȌ‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ͸Ͳιˆ”‘˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ȋͶȌƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•ǡƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘ ‡–”‡
PCM080 PCM094

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
18. ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒš‹— ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ 21.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š —‹ˆ‘” •’‡‡† ‹ ƒ
‘˜‹‰ ƒ”•‘–Šƒ–ƒ„‘†›Ž›‹‰‘–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘”‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Šƒ‹–ƒ‹•ǣ
–Š‡ ƒ””‡ƒ‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ǤŠ‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ ȋͳȌ ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
•–ƒ–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡„‘†›ƒ†–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘” ȋʹȌ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹•ͲǤͳͷ ȋ͵Ȍ ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›„—–˜ƒ”›‹‰ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ‰αͳͲ•ȂʹȌǤ
ȋͶȌ˜ƒ”›‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†˜ƒ”›‹‰ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋͳȌͳͷͲ•Ȃʹ ȋʹȌͳǤͷ•Ȃʹ PCM098
ȋ͵ȌͷͲ•Ȃʹ ȋͶȌͳǤʹ•Ȃʹ RE-NEET(UG) 2024
PCM095 22.  „‘„ ‹• ™Š‹”Ž‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ „›
RE-NEET(UG) 2023 ‡ƒ•‘ˆƒ•–”‹‰ƒ–ƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†‘ˆͳͲ”’Ǥ
19.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹• ‡š‡ —–‹‰ —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ” ˆ–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•“—ƒ†”—’Ž‡†™Š‹Ž‡
‘–‹‘ ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Q ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ a Ǥ ‡‡’‹‰–Š‡”ƒ†‹—• ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡‡™•’‡‡†‹•ǣ
Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–”—‡ǫ ȋͳȌ ʹͲ”’ ȋʹȌͶͲ”’
ȋͳȌ Q ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ǣ ƒ ‹•‘–ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ȋ͵Ȍͷ”’ ȋͶȌͳͲ”’
PCM099
ȋʹȌ Q ‹•‘–ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ǣ ƒ ‹•‘–ƒ ‘•–ƒ–
23. ‡– ZͳǡZʹ ƒ† Z͵ „‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ Q ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ǣ ƒ ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–
•‡ ‘†Šƒ†ǡ‹—–‡Šƒ†ƒ†Š‘—”Šƒ†‘ˆƒ
ȋͶȌ Q ‹•‘–ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ǣ ƒ ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–
•‘‘–ŠŽ›”—‹‰ƒƒŽ‘‰ Ž‘ ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ
PCM096
šͳǡ šʹ ƒ† š͵ ƒ”‡ –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
NEET(UG) 2024 †‹•–ƒ ‡• ‹ ͳ ‹—–‡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ˆƒ –‘” ™Š‹ Š
20.  „‘„ ‹• ™Š‹”Ž‡† ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ’Žƒ‡ „›
”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–ȋȌ‹•ǣ
‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ƒ •–”‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ
Zͳ Zʹ Z͵
Z ”’ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•Ǥ ˆ•’‡‡† ȋͳȌ 
šͳ šʹ š͵
„‡ ‘‡• ʹZ ™Š‹Ž‡ ‡‡’‹‰ –Š‡•ƒ‡ ”ƒ†‹—•ǡ
–Š‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰„‡ ‘‡•ǣ ȋʹȌZ ͳšͳ αZ ʹšʹ αZš͵ α
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌͶ ȋ͵Ȍ Zͳšͳʹ Zʹšʹʹ Z͵š͵ʹ 

ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ʹ ȋͶȌ Zͳʹšͳ Zʹʹšʹ Z͵ʹš͵ 
Ͷ
PCM097 PCM100

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 4 1 4 2 1 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 1 3
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Answer 1 3 2 2 2 4 1 1

[ 38 ] [Link]
Circular Motion ALLEN
Exercise - III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding
1. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‘‡ ‹• 3. ‘”ƒ„‘†›‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹•  α ͳ ‹ ƒ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ™‹–Š
‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡†Ǥ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R)Ǥ
Column-I Column-II
Assertion (A) :  ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ǡ™‘”†‘‡
ȋȌ ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡ ȋȌ ‘Ǧœ‡”‘
„›–Š‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•œ‡”‘Ǥ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•
Reason (R) : ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‹• ƒŽ™ƒ›• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—• ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•
†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋȌ ‘–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ȋȌ ‡”‘
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ȋȌ ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ȋȌ SȀʹ
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ „‘†›
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ȋȌ SȀ͵
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ȋͳȌo ǡo ǡo 
ȋʹȌo ǡo ǡo 
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍo ǡo ǡo 
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ȋͶȌo ǡo ǡo 
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ PCM088
PCM086 4. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘ƒ•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š A
2. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‘‡ ‹• ‹• ‰‹˜‡ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ •’‡‡† — ͵ ‰ ƒ– –Š‡
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• „‘––‘Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ– Š –Š‡
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R)Ǥ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘Ž—Ȃ
Assertion (A) :  —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ” ‘–‹‘ 
•’‡‡† ‘ˆ „‘†› ‹• ‘•–ƒ– „—– ‹–• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹•

˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ  
Reason (R) :  —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ” ‘–‹‘
 —
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‘†› ‹• œ‡”‘ǡ „—– 
„‘†›Šƒ•‘”ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Column-I Column-II
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ ȋȌ ’‡‡†ƒ– ȋȌ ͹‰
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ȋȌ ’‡‡†ƒ– ȋȌ ͷ‰

‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ȋȌ ‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰ ȋȌ ͹‰

ƒ–
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡
ȋȌ ‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰ ȋȌ Ͷ‰
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
ƒ–
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ȋͳȌo ǡo ǡo ǡo 
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ȋʹȌo ǡo ǡo ǡo 
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍo ǡo ǡo ǡo 
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ ȋͶȌo ǡo ǡo ǡo 
PCM087 PCM089

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
5. „‘†›‹• ‘‡ –‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š”ƒ† 6. ’‡‡† ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ‘˜‹‰ ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š
”‡˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š ‘‡ ‡† ‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡•™‹–Š–‹‡ƒ•˜αʹ–ǡ–Š‡Ȃ
•–”‹‰ ƒ• –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ –• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ– ȋȌƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
„‘––‘‘•–’‘‹–˜ ‹•–™‹ ‡–Šƒ–‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡
ȋȌƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
˜ ƒ––Š‡–‘’‘•–’‘‹–ǤŠ‡
Š‘‘•‡ ‘””‡ –•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ȋȌ ‰Ž‡ „‡–™‡‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ† ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋȌ‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹–‹• Ͷ‰” Ȁ͵ ”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
ȋȌ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋȌ ˜   ˜ ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘Ͷ‰”
ʹ ʹ

‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋȌ‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰ƒ–„‘––‘‘•–’‘‹–‹•
͸‰ ȋͳȌƬ
ȋȌ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒš‹— –‡•‹‘ –‘ ‹‹— ȋʹȌƬ
–‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰‹•ͳͲȀͻ ȋ͵ȌƬ
ȋͳȌƬ ȋʹȌƬ ȋͶȌƬ
ȋ͵ȌƬ ȋͶȌƬ
PCM091
PCM090

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer 1 1 1 1 2 4

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Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN

Chapter No. 02

COLLISIONS AND CENTRE OF MASS

Contents Page No.

–”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• Ͷ͵
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ‹• ”‡–‡ƒ••›•–‡ Ͷ͵
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ™‘ƒ”–‹ Ž‡›•–‡ Ͷͷ
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ‘–‹—‘—•ƒ••‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ Ͷ͸
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ ‘’‘•‹–‡‘†‹‡• Ͷͻ

‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ”— ƒ–‡†‘†‹‡• ͷͲ

‘–‹‘‘ˆ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• ͷ͵
ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆš–‡”ƒŽ ‘” ‡‘‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• ͷͷ

‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ›•–‡ƒ† ’—Ž•‡ ͷ͸

’”‹‰Ž‘ ›•–‡ ͷͻ
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ͸ͳ
‡ƒ†‘‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ͸͵

‘— ‹‰‘ˆƒŽŽ ͸ͷ

„Ž‹“—‡‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ͸͹

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͹ͳ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ”‡˜‹‘—•‡ƒ”•—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͹ͺ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͺͳ

NEET SYLLABUS
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass
of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod.
Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two
dimensions.

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
ARYABHATA
”›ƒ„Šƒ–ƒ™ƒ•„‘”ȋͶ͹͸Ȍ‹—•—ƒ’—”ƒȋ’”‡•‡–†ƒ›ƒ–ƒȌ‹‹Šƒ”ǡ †‹ƒǤ
”›ƒ„Šƒ–ƒ ™ƒ• ƒ ƒ Žƒ‹‡† ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ‹ƒ Ȃ ƒ•–”‘‘‡”Ǥ ‹• ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘
ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ •ǡ • ‹‡ ‡ ƒ† ƒ•–”‘‘› ‹• ‹‡•‡ǡ ƒ† ›‡– Š‡ Šƒ• ‘– „‡‡
ƒ ‘”†‡†–Š‡”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘‹–Š‡ ™‘”Ž†Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ––Š‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆʹͶǡŠ‡™”‘–‡
Š‹•ˆƒ‡†Dz”›ƒ„Šƒ–‹›ƒdzǤ ‡™ƒ•ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆœ‡”‘ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡—•‡
‘ˆ Žƒ”‰‡ —„‡”• —’–‘ ͳͲͳͺǤ ‡ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡  –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ˆ‘” Ǯ’‹ǯ
ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘—”–Š †‡ ‹ƒŽ ’‘‹–Ǥ ‡ †‡˜‹•‡† –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ ˆ‘” ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‰
ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡•ƒ† ‹” Ž‡•Ǥ ‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†–Š‡ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šƒ•͸ʹǡͺ͵ʹ‹Ž‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ
‡š ‡ŽŽ‡– ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† •—‰‰‡•–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ’’ƒ”‡– ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡ƒ˜‡• ™ƒ• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒš‹ƒŽ
”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‘‹–•ƒš‹•Ǥ ‡™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘™ƒ•–”‘‘‡”–‘†‡˜‹•‡ƒ ‘–‹—‘—• ‘—–‹‰‘ˆ•‘Žƒ”
†ƒ›•ǡ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‹‰ ‡ƒ Š †ƒ› ™‹–Š ƒ —„‡”Ǥ ‡ ƒ••‡”–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡–• •Š‹‡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ
•—Ž‹‰Š–ǡƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡‡ Ž‹’•‡•‘ —”†—‡–‘–Š‡•Šƒ†‘™•‘ˆ‘‘ƒ†‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ‹•‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•†‹• ‘—––Š‡
Dz Žƒ– ‡ƒ”–Šdz ‘ ‡’–ǡ ƒ† Žƒ› –Š‡ ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡Ž‹‡ˆ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ† ‘–Š‡” ’Žƒ‡–• ‘”„‹– –Š‡ •—Ǥ
”›ƒ„Šƒ–ƒǯ• ƒŒ‘” ™‘”ǡ ”›ƒ„Šƒ–‹›ƒǡ ƒ ‘’‡†‹— ‘ˆ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ • ƒ† ƒ•–”‘‘›ǡ ™ƒ• ‡š–‡•‹˜‡Ž›
”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ‹ –Š‡ †‹ƒ ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ ƒ† Šƒ• •—”˜‹˜‡† –‘ ‘†‡” –‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ”›ƒ„Šƒ–‹›ƒ
‘˜‡”•ƒ”‹–Š‡–‹ ǡƒŽ‰‡„”ƒƒ†–”‹‰‘‘‡–”›Ǥ

MEGHNAD SAHA

‘” ǣ  –‘„‡” ͸ǡ ͳͺͻ͵ ‹‡† ǣ ‡„”—ƒ”› ͳ͸ǡ ͳͻͷ͸Ǥ ‡‰Šƒ† ƒŠƒ ™ƒ• „‘” ‘
 –‘„‡͸ǡͳͺͻ͵‹Š‡‘”ƒ–ƒŽ‹ǡƒ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡‹–Š‡‹•–”‹ –‘ˆƒ ƒǡ‘™‹ƒ‰Žƒ†‡•ŠǤ
‡ –‘‘ ƒ†‹••‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ‹•Š‘”‹ŽƒŽ —„‹Ž‹ • Š‘‘Ž ƒ† ’ƒ••‡† –Š‡ –”ƒ ‡
šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŽ —––ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–›‹ͳͻͲͻǡ•–ƒ†‹‰ˆ‹”•–ƒ‘‰–Š‡ •–—†‡–
ˆ”‘ƒ•–‡‰ƒŽ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–ƒ”•‹Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•ȋ‰Ž‹•Šǡ‡‰ƒŽ‹ƒ†
ƒ•”‹– ‘„‹‡†Ȍƒ†‹ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ •ǤŠ‹Ž‡•–—†›‹‰‹”‡•‹†‡ ›‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ
‡‰Šƒ† ‰‘– ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ™‹–Š —•Š‹Žƒ ƒ‹–‹ –‘ –ƒ‡ ’ƒ”– ‹ ˆ”‡‡†‘ ˆ‹‰Š–‹‰
‘˜‡‡–Ǥ ‡‰Šƒ† ƒŠƒ Œ‘‹‡† ƒ• Ž‡ –—”‡” ƒ– –Š‡ ‡™Ž› ‘’‡‡† ‹˜‡”•‹–›
‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ  ‹‡ ‡ ‹ ƒŽ —––ƒǤ ‡ –ƒ—‰Š– —ƒ–— Š›•‹ •Ǥ  ͳͻͳͻǡ ‡”‹ ƒ •–”‘’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ
’—„Ž‹•Š‡†Ȃ dz•‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ƒ†‹ƒ–‹‘”‡••—”‡ƒ†‹–ǯ•ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘dzȂ ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’ƒ’‡”„›‡‰Šƒ†ƒŠƒǤ 
ͳͻʹ͹ǡ‡‰Šƒ†ƒŠƒ™ƒ•‡Ž‡ –‡†ƒ•ƒˆ‡ŽŽ‘™‘ˆ‘†‘ǯ•‘›ƒŽ‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ‡‰Šƒ†ƒŠƒ‘˜‡†–‘ŽŽƒŠƒ„ƒ†
ƒ†‹ͳͻ͵ʹ––ƒ””ƒ†‡•Š ƒ†‡›‘ˆ ‹‡ ‡™ƒ•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†Ǥ ͳͻͶ͹ǡŠ‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† •–‹–—–‡‘ˆ— Ž‡ƒ”
Š›•‹ •™Š‹ ŠŽƒ–‡”™ƒ•ƒ‡†ƒˆ–‡”Š‹ƒ•ƒŠƒ •–‹–—–‡‘ˆ— Ž‡ƒ”Š›•‹ •Ǥ ƒ˜‹‰•‡‡ › Ž‘–”‘•—•‡†
ˆ‘””‡•‡ƒ” Š‹— Ž‡ƒ”’Š›•‹ •ƒ„”‘ƒ†ǡŠ‡‘”†‡”‡†‘‡–‘„‡‹•–ƒŽŽ‡†‹–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‡Ǥ ͳͻͷͲǡ †‹ƒŠƒ†
‹–• ˆ‹”•– › Ž‘–”‘ ‹ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ͳͻͷʹ Š‡ •–‘‘† ƒ• ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡– ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ƒ† ™ƒ•
‡Ž‡ –‡†„›ƒ™‹†‡ƒ”‰‹Ǥ ‡†‹‡†‘ ‡„”—ƒ”›ͳ͸ǡͳͻͷ͸†—‡–‘ƒŠ‡ƒ”–ƒ––ƒ Ǥ

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 Collisions and Centre of
02 Mass
Introduction of Centre of Mass
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ƒ’‘‹–™Š‡”‡™‡ ƒ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡™Š‘Ž‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ†‹–„‡Šƒ˜‡‹•‹‹Žƒ”ƒ‡”
ƒ•ƒ’‘‹–‘„Œ‡ –„‡Šƒ˜‡—†‡”•ƒ‡ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•Ǥ
OR
Š‡ ’‘‹– ‹ ƒ •›•–‡ ƒ– ™Š‹ Š ™Š‘Ž‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ƒ› „‡ ƒ••—‡† –‘ „‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡† ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ•›•–‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ȋȌǤ
Properties of Centre of Mass
ȋ‹Ȍ ‘”•›‡–”‹ ƒŽ„‘†‹‡•Šƒ˜‹‰—‹ˆ‘”†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ••ǡ‹– ‘‹ ‹†‡•™‹–Š ‡–”‡‘ˆ•›‡–”›
‘”‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ ‡–”‡Ǥ

CM CM CM CM CM

ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‘”ƒ‰‹˜‡•Šƒ’‡‹–†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ••™‹–Š‹–Š‡„‘†›ƒ†‹• Ž‘•‡”–‘ƒ••‹˜‡

’ƒ”–Ǥ




””‡‰—Žƒ”ƒ••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ Š‡”‡ƒ›‘”ƒ›‘–„‡ƒ›ƒ••’”‡•‡–’Š›•‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ– ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†‹–ƒ›„‡™‹–Š‹‘”
‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ


 

Centre of Mass of Discrete mass System

••—‡–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡Ǧ†‹• ”‡–‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•™‹–Š’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘” ”ͳ ǡ ”ʹ ǡǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǡ ” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ

‡ ƒ•ƒ›–Šƒ– ”ͳ šͳ ƶ‹  › ͳ ƶŒ  œͳƶ

”‘†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆǡ ‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒŽŽǦ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•

”
¦ ”
‹ ‹ ͳ ”ͳ  ʹ ”ʹ  ͵ ”͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ    ”
¦ ‹
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   

[Link] [ 43 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ƶ   ȋš ƶ‹  › ƶŒ  œ Ȍ
ͳ ȋšͳ ƶ‹  ›ͳ ƶŒ  œͳ Ȍ ƶ ƶ ƶ ƶ ƶ ƶ ƶ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ  ͵ š͵ ‹  › ͵ Œ  œ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   š  ‹  ›  Œ  œ 
”α
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  
ȋͳ šͳ  ʹ šʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   š Ȍ‹ƶ ȋͳ ›ͳ  ʹ ›ʹ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ›  ȌŒƶ ȋͳœͳ  ʹœʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   œ Ȍƶ
”α  
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  

”α š ƶ ƶ ƶ
 ‹  ›  Œ  œ 
Š‡”‡Ǣ
ͳ šͳ  ʹ šʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   š  ͳ ›ͳ  ʹ › ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   › 
š Ǣ ›  Ǣ
Ž  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   Ž  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  
ͳœͳ  ʹœʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   œ
œ 
Ž  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  
Note : ˆ‹•ƒ–‘”‹‰‹ǡ ”  Ͳ
ͳ ”ͳ  ʹ”ʹ  ͵”͵  ǤǤǤǤǤ
ǤǤǤǤ Ͳ
Illustration 1 ͵‰ ȋͲǡ͵Ȍ
‹†’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆǫ
Solution:
ͳȋͲȌ  ʹȋʹȌ  ͵ȋͲȌ ʹ ͳȋͲȌ  ʹȋͲȌ  ͵ȋ͵Ȍ ͵
š ƒ† › 
͸ ͵ ͸ ʹ ȋʹǡͲȌ
§ʹ ͵· ͳ‰ ȋͲǡͲȌ ʹ‰
‘’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ ¨ ǡ ¸ .
©͵ ʹ¹
Illustration 2
‹†’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆǫ
Solution:
ͳȋͳȌ  ʹȋʹȌ  ͵ȋ͵ȌǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤȋȌ
š
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
ª ȋ  ͳȌȋʹ  ͳȌ º
ͳʹ  ʹʹ  ͵ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  ʹ « ͸ » ʹ  ͳ ͳ‰ ʹ‰ ͵‰ ǥǥǥǥǥǥ ‰
α ¬ ¼α
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ª ȋ  ͳȌ º ͵ ȋͳǡͲȌ ȋʹǡͲȌ ȋ͵ǡͲȌȌ ǥǥǥǥǥǤȋȋǡͲȌ
« ʹ »
¬ ¼
Illustration 3
ƶ
Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳαͳ‰ǡʹαʹ ‰ƒ†͵ α͵‰ƒ”‡ ”ͳ ȋ‹ƶ  ͶŒƶ  Ȍǡ
ƶ
”ʹ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  Ȍ ƶ
ƒ† ”͵ ȋʹ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  ʹȌ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǫ
Solution:
Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡‰‹˜‡„›
ͳ ”ͳ  ʹ”ʹ  ͵”͵
”
ͳ  ʹ  ͵
—„•–‹–—–‹‰–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•ǡ™‡‰‡–
ƶ  ȋʹȌȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  Ȍ
ȋͳȌ ƶ  ͶŒƶ  Ȍ
ȋͳȌȋ‹ ƶ  ȋ͵Ȍȋʹ‹ȂŒȂʹȌ
ƶ ƶ ƶ ͳ ƶ ƶ ƶ
” ȋ͵‹  Œ  Ȍ
ͳʹ͵ ʹ

[ 44 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Centre of Mass of Two Particle System
‘•‹†‡”–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ™‹–Š’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”• ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ‡––Š‡‹” ‡–”‡
‘ˆƒ••Šƒ˜‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”Ǥ
”‘†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡
6‹ ”‹ ͳ ”ͳ  ʹ”ʹ
”
 Ÿ ”
 ͳ  ʹ
ͳ šͳ  ʹšʹ ͳ › ͳ  ʹ› ʹ
”‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ„‘˜‡™‡Šƒ˜‡ǡ š ƒ† › 
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ

ˆ™‡ƒ••—‡‘”‹‰‹–‘„‡ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ–Š‡–Š‡˜‡ –‘” ” ˜ƒ‹•Š‡•ƒ†™‡Šƒ˜‡

ͳ”ͳ  ʹ”ʹ Ͳ
›
‹ ‡‡‹–Š‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ƒ„‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–‘•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ ͳ
‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǡ ˜‡ –‘”• ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ —•– Šƒ˜‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‡ •‹‰•Ǥ – ‹• ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽŽ›
’‘••‹„Ž‡‘Ž›™Š‡–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ž‹‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘–Š‡ š

Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
ˆ ™‡ •—„•–‹–—–‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡• ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ‘ˆ ˜‡ –‘”• ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ʹ

‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡Ǣͳ”ͳαʹ”ʹ
”ͳ ʹ
Ÿ α ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
”ʹ ͳ
‡ ‘ Ž—†‡–Šƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡••›•–‡Ž‹‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘–Š‡Ž‹‡
Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡™Š‹ Š†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‹–Š‡‹˜‡”•‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ƒ••‡•Ǥ
‘•‹†‡”–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ‡––Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••„‡”ͳ ƒ†”ʹǤ
”
”α”ͳ Ϊ”ʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
—•‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ™‡ ƒ™”‹–‡ ͳ  ʹ
ʹ” ͳ ”
”ͳ α ƒ† ”ʹ α
ͳ Ϊ  ʹ ͳ Ϊ  ʹ
Illustration 4
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰ƒ†ʹ‰ƒ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ–šαͲƒ†šα͵Ǥ ʹ
ͳ
‹†–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǫ ȋͲǡͲȌ ȋ͵ǡͲȌ
Solution:
‹ ‡ǡ„‘–Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ž‹‡•‘šǦƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘Ž‹‡‘šǦƒš‹•Ǥ‡––Š‡‹•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ–š αšǡ–Š‡
‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆˆ”‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‹•”ͳ αš
ͳαͳ‰  ʹαʹ‰
ƒ††‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆˆ”‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰‹•”ʹ αȋ͵Ȃ šȌ
šαͲ šᚠšα͵
”  š ʹ
•‹‰ ͳ α ʹ  Ÿ  Ÿ šαʹ
”ʹ ͳ ͵ š ͳ ”ͳᚠ”ʹαȋ͵ȂšȌ
Š—•ǡ–Š‡‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‹•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ–šαʹǤ

[Link] [ 45 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Centre of Mass of Continuous Mass Distribution
ˆƒ•›•–‡Šƒ• ‘–‹—‘—•†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ••ǡ–”‡ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒ••‡Ž‡‡–†ƒ–’‘•‹–‹‘ ” ƒ•ƒ’‘‹–ƒ••
ƒ†”‡’Žƒ ‹‰•—ƒ–‹‘„›‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ǣ
³ ”†

›
”

Ǣ ™Š‡”‡  ³ †
†
š
³ š† ³ š† Ÿ ›
³ ›† ³ ›† ”Ԧ
 
³ †  ³ † 
š

œ
³ œ† ³ œ† œ

³ † 
Mass Densities
‘‡–‹‡•ƒ••‘ˆƒ‘„Œ‡ –‹•‘–—‹ˆ‘”‹–Šƒ– ƒ•‡™‡ ƒ ‘˜‡‹‡–Ž›‡š’”‡••ƒ••‡•‹–‡”•‘ˆ
ƒ••†‡•‹–›Ǥ
–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆƒ••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡‘ˆ͵–›’‡Ǧ
 
ȋ‹Ȍ ‹‡ƒ”†‡•‹–›ȋOȌα Ÿ  α O  ȋ‹‹Ȍ ”‡ƒ†‡•‹–›ȋVȌα Ÿ  αV


ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‘Ž—‡ †‡•‹–›ȋUȌα Ÿ  αU

Types of Mass Densities
(a) Linear Mass Density (For 1-D Objects)

Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†ǡ O

ˆ ™‡ –ƒ‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡‡– ‘ˆ ƒ•• ̵†̵ Šƒ˜‹‰ Ž‡‰–Š ̵†š̵ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‘†
•Š‘™„‡Ž‘™ǡ –Š‡™‡ ƒ™”‹–‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‡‡– † O†š
O†šα†
‘–ƒŽƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†  ³ † ³ O†š
šƒ’Ž‡ǣǦ ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ”‹‰‹•OǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆ”‹‰‹•O έʹS

 αO έʹS

(b) Areal Mass Density (For 2-D Objects)

 ƒ••α†
Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒŽƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –ǡ V Ǥ ”‡ƒα†

ˆ™‡–ƒ‡ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆƒ••̵†̵Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ̵†̵ǡ –Š‡™‡ ƒ
™”‹–‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‡‡– † V†
‘–ƒŽƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –  ³ † ³ V†
šƒ’Ž‡ǣǦ ˆƒ”‡ƒŽƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ†‹• ‹•V –Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ†‹• ‹•V έS”ʹ

ƒ••αV έS”ʹ
”

[ 46 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
(c) Volumetric mass density (For 3-D Objects)
ƒ••α†

Š‡˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ ƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –ǡ U Ǥ ‘Ž—‡α†

ˆ™‡–ƒ‡ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆƒ••̵†̵Šƒ˜‹‰˜‘Ž—‡̵†̵
ˆ”‘–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡” •Š‘™„‡Ž‘™ǡ–Š‡ ™‡ ƒ™”‹–‡ƒ••
‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‡‡– † U†

‘–ƒŽƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –  ³ † ³ U† ƒ••α S”͵ έU

šƒ’Ž‡ǣǦ ˆ˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ ƒ••†‡•‹–›‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‹•U –Š‡‹–•

Ͷ ͵
ƒ•• ‹• S” έU
͵
Special Cases of Linear Mass Density

š  α
³ š† ³ šȋO†šȌ † O†š
³ † ³ O†š
Case-I : O α ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ

 ʹ
›
š
³Ͳ š†š ʹ 
   ʹ
³Ͳ †š
†š
Case-II : O αOͲ š †
š
 ͵
š
³Ͳ š OͲš †š ͵ ʹ
 
ʹ ͵
³Ͳ OͲš†š
ʹ

OͲ šʹ
Case-III : O
ʹ

§ OͲ šʹ · ª šͶ º
³ ¨¨ ʹ ¸¸ †š
š  ͵
³Ͳ š †š
« »
© ¹ ¬« Ͷ ¼»Ͳ ͵
š  ʹ  ʹ  Ͷ
O š
³ Ͳʹ †š ³Ͳ š ȋ†šȌ ª š͵ º
« »
¬« ͵ ¼»Ͳ
Case-IV : O αƒšΪ„
  
ʹ
ª ƒš͵ „šʹ º ª ʹƒš͵  ͵„šʹ º
³ ȋƒš  „šȌ†š «
«¬ ͵
 »
ʹ »¼
«
«¬ ͸
»
»¼Ͳ ʹƒʹ  ͵„
Ͳ Ͳ
š    
ª ƒšʹ º ª ƒšʹ  ʹ„š º ͵ƒ  ͸„
³ ȋƒš  „Ȍ†š «  „š » « »
Ͳ «¬ ʹ »¼Ͳ «¬ ʹ »¼Ͳ

[Link] [ 47 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 5
Š‡ƒ••’‡”—‹–Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘””‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š‹•‰‹˜‡„›Ɋ ൌ ɉš ଶ ǡ ™Š‡”‡ ɉ ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†š
‹•†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†ǤŠ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ”‘†ˆ”‘–Š‹•‡†‹•Ǧ
Solution:
 ͵

³ š† α ³Ͳ Oš †š ͵
³ † ³Ͳ Ošʹ†š Ͷ

Uniform Symmetric Bodies

‘” •›‡–”‹ ƒŽ „‘†‹‡• Šƒ˜‹‰ Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—• †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ••ǡ  ‘‹ ‹†‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ
•›‡–”›‘”–Š‡‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ ‡–”‡Ǥ
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ•‘‡—‹ˆ‘”•›‡–”‹ „‘†‹‡•ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣǦ
ȋ‹Ȍ ‡‹Ǧ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‡‹Ǧ ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• 

 



ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‡‹•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ ȋ‹˜Ȍ ‘Ž‹†Š‡‹•’Š‡”‡




ȋ˜Ȍ ‘ŽŽ‘™ ‘‡ ȋ˜‹Ȍ ‘Ž‹† ‘‡

Š Š
 

ȋ˜‹‹Ȍ ‹” —Žƒ”ƒ” ȋ˜‹‹‹Ȍ ‡ –‘”‘ˆƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡

 

ʹT  ʹT 
š š
 


 •‹ T ʹ •‹ T
š α š α
T ͵T
Note : ‡”‡T ‹•‹”ƒ†‹ƒ•Ǥ

[ 48 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Illustration 6
‹† ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ ‡–‡” ‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ“—ƒ”–‡””‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”’Žƒ ‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–“—ƒ†”ƒ–‘ˆƒƒ”–‡•‹ƒ
‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•›•–‡ǡ™‹–Š ‡–”‡ƒ–‘”‹‰‹Ǥ
Solution:
ƒ‹‰—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”ƒ” ǡ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ••ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–‡”‹•

” •‹ȋ S Ȁ ͶȌ ʹ ʹ”

S S
Ͷ 

S S · § ʹ” ʹ” · ›
‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ••ȋš ǡ› Ȍƒ”‡ §¨  ‘• ǡ  •‹ ¸ { ¨ ǡ ¸ SȀͶ
© Ͷ Ͷ¹ © S S ¹  š
Centre of Mass of composite bodies
Composite Bodies ƒ”‡–Š‘•‡„‘†‹‡•™Š‹ Š ‘•‹•–‘ˆ–™‘‘”‘”‡–Šƒ–™‘‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ„‘†›ȋ ‘–‹—‘—•ȌǤ
‘”†‡”–‘ˆ‹†–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ–Š‡ ‘’‘‡–„‘†‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•‡“—ƒŽ–‘
–Š‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰„‘†‹‡•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡‹””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‡–”‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ǤŠ‡™‡—•‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘ˆ‹†
–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’‘•‹–‡„‘†›Ǥ
‡”‡ƒ•™‡ ƒ•‡‡™‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ ‘’‘•‹–‡„‘†›ƒ†‡‘ˆƒ†‹• ƒ†ƒ•“—ƒ”‡„‘†›’Žƒ ‡†•‹†‡„›•‹†‡ƒ•
•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ›
‘™ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡–‘ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘’‘•‹–‡„‘†›Ǥ
‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ ‘’‘•‹–‡„‘†›ƒ”‡
 š
† š † Ϊ • š •  › Ϊ • › •
š ƒ† ›  α † †
† Ϊ • † Ϊ •

Š‡”‡ † ƒ† • ƒ”‡ ƒ••‡• ‘ˆ †‹•  ƒ† •“—ƒ”‡ ƒ† š† ƒ† š• ƒ”‡
šǦ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ†‹• ƒ†•“—ƒ”‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ƒ†›† ƒ†›• ƒ”‡›Ǧ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆ
ƒ••‘ˆ†‹• ƒ†•“—ƒ”‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›
Illustration 7
ȋͲǡȌ
‹†’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆǤ
Solution:
 
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ”‘†•ƒ”‡ §¨ ǡ Ͳ ·¸ ǡ §¨ Ͳǡ ·¸
ʹ© ¹ © ʹ ¹
ȋͲǡͲȌ
ȋǡͲȌ
§· §·
 ¨ ¸  ȋͲȌ ȋͲȌ   ¨ ¸
©ʹ¹  ©ʹ¹ 
‘”–Š‡•›•–‡ š  Ƭ › 
ʹ Ͷ ʹ Ͷ

 ·
‘ǡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ §¨ ǡ ¸.
©Ͷ Ͷ¹

[Link] [ 49 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 8
‹†’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘”‰‹˜‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ȋ‡ƒ Š’Žƒ–‡‹••“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ•‹†‡ƒƒ†ƒ••ȌǤ

š
Solution:
§ ƒ ƒ · § ͵ƒ ƒ · § ͵ƒ ͵ƒ ·
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡ƒ”‡ ¨ ǡ ¸ ǡ ¨ ǡ ¸ ǡ ¨ ǡ ¸
©ʹ ʹ¹ © ʹ ʹ¹ © ʹ ʹ ¹
§ƒ· § ͵ƒ · § ͵ƒ · §ƒ· §ƒ· § ͵ƒ ·
¨ ¸  ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸
‘”–Š‡•›•–‡ š  ©ʹ¹ © ʹ¹ © ʹ ¹ ͹ƒ ƒ† › ©ʹ¹ ©ʹ¹ © ʹ¹ ͷƒ

͵ ͸ ͵ ͸
§ ͹ƒ ͷƒ ·
‘ǡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ‘ˆ•›•–‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ¨ ǡ ¸ Ǥ
© ͸ ͸ ¹
Illustration 9 ʹƒ
‹†‘—–’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆˆ”‘‰‹˜‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡’‘‹–Ǥ
ȋͳȌ ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽ
ȋʹȌ ˆ–Š‡‹”†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽ ƒ
ʹƒ
Solution: ȋͲǡͲȌ ȋʹƒǡͲȌ
ȋͲȌ  ȋʹƒȌ
ȋͳȌ š ƒ
ʹ
‘ǡ ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ ȋƒǡͲȌ
ȋVSƒʹ Ȍ u Ͳ  ȋVu Ͷƒʹ Ȍ u ʹƒ § ͺƒ ·
ȋʹȌ š  ʹ ʹ ¨ S  Ͷ ¸ ȋαVȌ
Vu Sƒ  Vu Ͷƒ © ¹
Centre of Mass of Truncated Bodies
‘ˆ‹†–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–”— ƒ–‡†„‘†‹‡•‘”„‘†‹‡•™‹–Š ƒ˜‹–‹‡•™‡ ƒƒ‡—•‡‘ˆ•—’‡”’‘•‹–‹‘
’”‹ ‹’Ž‡–Šƒ–‹•ǡ‹ˆ™‡”‡•–‘”‡–Š‡”‡‘˜‡†’‘”–‹‘‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’Žƒ ‡™‡‘„–ƒ‹–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ„‘†›ǤŠ‡‹†‡ƒ
‹•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
› › ›

 š  š  š

Š‡ ”‡‘˜‡† ’‘”–‹‘ ‹• ƒ††‡† –‘ –Š‡ –”— ƒ–‡† „‘†› ‡‡’‹‰ –Š‡‹” Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ — Šƒ‰‡† ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡
‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ˆ”ƒ‡Ǥ
ˆƒ’‘”–‹‘‘ˆƒ„‘†›‹•–ƒ‡‘—–ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰’‘”–‹‘ƒ›„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•ǡ
ȏ”‹‰‹ƒŽƒ••ȋȌȂ ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‘˜‡†’ƒ”–ȋȌȐαȓ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽƒ••ȋȌȔΪȓȂ ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‘˜‡†’ƒ”–ȋȌȔ
š  šc ›  › c œ  œc
Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ Šƒ‰‡•–‘ǣš  α Ǣ›  α Ǣœ α
  
Š‡”‡š̵ǡ›̵ƒ†œ̵”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‘˜‡†’ƒ”–Ǥ

[ 50 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Illustration 10

†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•‹• —–‘ˆˆˆ”‘ƒ—‹ˆ‘”–Š‹•Š‡‡–‘ˆ‡–ƒŽǤ ‹” —Žƒ”Š‘Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ‹•‘™ —–‘—–
ʹ
ˆ”‘–Š‡†‹• ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡Š‘Ž‡„‡‹‰–ƒ‰‡––‘–Š‡”‹‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• Ǥ ‹†–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••
ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ†‹• Ǥ
Solution:
›•›‡–”›ǡ–Š‡Ž‹‡•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡Ϊ›Ȃƒš‹•‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ•‘š αͲǤ‹–Š–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ
‹” Ž‡™Š‘•‡ƒ••‹•ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡Ǥ
ƒ••‘ˆ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ— —–†‹• ͳ αƬ‘ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ— —–†‹• αȋͲǡͲȌ
 § ·
ƒ••‘ˆ †‹• ”‡‘˜‡†ǣ ʹ α Ǣ‘ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ †‹• ”‡‘˜‡†α ¨ Ͳǡ ¸
Ͷ © ʹ¹ ›

ͳ›ͳ  ʹ› ʹ ȋͲȌ 
Š—• ›  Ͷ ʹ  R

ͳ  ʹ  ͸ 2
 š
Ͷ  
§ ·
‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ƒ––Š‡’‘‹– ¨ Ͳǡ  ¸ Ǥ
© ͸¹
Š—•ǡ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ†‹• ‹• Ȁ͸Ǥ
Illustration 11
‹†–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ—‹ˆ‘”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵ƒ̵ˆ”‘™Š‹ Šƒ ‹” —Žƒ”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵„̵Šƒ•„‡‡
”‡‘˜‡†ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘Ž‡‹•ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• Ǥ
Solution:

ȋͲǡͲȌ ȋ ǡͲȌ
ƒ
„ ƒ „

αV έ Sƒʹ α V έS„ʹ

ȋVu Sƒʹ Ȍu Ͳ  ȋVu S„ʹ Ȍu „ʹ
š 
VSƒʹ  VS„ʹ ƒʹ  „ʹ
§ „ʹ ·
‘ǡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡‘ˆ‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹‹‰’‘”–‹‘‹• ¨ ʹ ʹ ǡͲ ¸
¨ ƒ „ ¸
© ¹
Illustration 12
”‘‰‹˜‡’Žƒ–‡‹ˆ•Šƒ†‡†’‘•‹–‹‘‹•”‡‘˜‡†–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹‹‰Ǥ

ͳ
ʹ
ȋͳǡͳȌ ͳ ȋͳǡͳȌ ͳ

ȋͲǡͲȌ ȋͲǡͲȌ
‰‹˜‡ ʹ ͳ αV έȋʹȌʹ ʹ αV έȋͳȌʹ

[Link] [ 51 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Solution:
ªVu ȋʹȌʹ º u ͳ  ªVȋͳȌʹ º u ͵ Ͷ
͵
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ʹ ʹ αͷ
š 
ȋVu ʹʹ Ȍ  ȋVu ȋͳȌʹ Ȍ Ͷ ͳ ͸
ͷ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ›  
͸
ªͷ ͷº
‘ǡ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ « ǡ »
¬͸ ͸ ¼
Illustration 13
•‡‹Ǧ ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”‹•”‡‘˜‡†ˆ”‘ƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡‘ˆ•‹†‡̵”̵ƒ†ƒ•̵ʹ”̵ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹‹‰’ƒ”–Ǥ
Solution:

ʹ”
Ͳ Ͳ

”
§ ” · § S” · § Ͷ” ·
ʹ
V ʹ”ʹ ¨ ¸ Ȃ V ¨ ¸¨ ¸ ”Ȃ
ʹ”
© ʹ ¹ ¨© ʹ ¸¹ © ͵S ¹ ͵ ʹ”
š 
§ S” ʹ · ͶȂ S ͵ȏͶ Ȃ SȐ
V ʹ”ʹ Ȃ V ¨ ¸¸ ʹ
¨ ʹ
© ¹

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1. Šƒ–ƒ”‡–Š‡ ‘Ȃ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡••›•–‡•Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǫ
›ȋȌ

ʹ ȋͺ‰Ȍ
ͳ ȋͶ‰Ȍ
͵‰
šȋȌ
Ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵
PSC100
2. ‘—”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ǡʹǡ͵ǡͶƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ•‹†‡̵ƒ̵ƒ••Š‘™
‹ˆ‹‰Ǥ ‹†‘—––Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ

ƒ
Ͷ ͵

 ʹ 
Ͳ

PSC101
[ 52 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
3. ”‹‰‹†„‘†› ‘•‹•–•‘ˆƒ͵‰ƒ•• ‘‡ –‡†–‘ƒʹ‰ƒ••„›ƒƒ••Ž‡••”‘†ǤŠ‡͵‰ƒ••
‹• Ž‘ ƒ–‡† ƒ– ”ͳʹ‹ƶ  ͷ
ͷŒƶ  ƒ† –Š‡ ʹ ‰ ƒ•• ƒ– ” Ͷ‹ƶ  ʹ
ʹŒƶ  Ǥ ‹† –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ†
ʹ

‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
PSC102
4. ‹‰Ǥ•Š‘™•ƒ—‹ˆ‘”•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡ˆ”‘™Š‹ Š‘‡‘”‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—”‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•“—ƒ”‡•ƒ––Š‡
‘”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ 
ȋƒȌ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ–‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›Ǥ
ʹ ͳ
ȋ„Ȍ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ƒˆ–‡”•“—ƒ”‡ͳ‹•”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ ƒˆ–‡”•“—ƒ”‡•ͳƒ†ʹ”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ ̵  
ȋ†Ȍ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ ƒˆ–‡”•“—ƒ”‡•ͳƒ†͵ƒ”‡”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ
ȋ‡Ȍ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ ƒˆ–‡”•“—ƒ”‡•ͳǡʹƒ†͵ƒ”‡”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ ͵ Ͷ
ȋˆȌ Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡ ƒˆ–‡”ƒŽŽ–Š‡ˆ‘—”•“—ƒ”‡•ƒ”‡”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ ̵
‹˜‡›‘—”ƒ•™‡”•‹–‡”•‘ˆ“—ƒ†”ƒ–•ƒ†ƒš‹•Ǥ
PSC103
5. ‹†–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ—‹ˆ‘”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵ƒ̵ˆ”‘™Š‹ Šƒ ‹” —Žƒ”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵„̵
Šƒ•„‡‡”‡‘˜‡†ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘Ž‡‹•ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• Ǥ
PSC104
Motion of Centre of Mass
Velocity of COM
‘”ƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•‰‹˜‡„›
†”” †” †””
ͳ ”ͳ  ʹ ”ʹ  ͵ ”͵  ǤǤǤ ͳ ͳ  ʹ ʹ  ͵ ͵  ǤǤǤ
† †– †– †–
  ‘ǡ  
ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤ †– ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǣ
†
  ͳ ˜ͳ  ʹ˜ʹ  ǤǤǤ
˜
†– ͳ  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤ
Illustration 14
‘”ƒ‰‹˜‡•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ˆ‹†‘—–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆǤ
ͳͲȀ•
ͳ‰
Ȁ•

Ͷͷι

ʹ‰
Solution:
ͳȋͳͲ ƶ‹Ȍ  ʹȋͳͲ‹ƶ  ͳͲŒȌ
ƶ ͳͲ‹ƶ  ʹͲ‹ƶ  ʹͲŒƶ ͵Ͳ‹ƶ  ʹͲŒƶ ͵Ͳ‹ƶ ʹͲŒƶ § ƶ ʹͲ ƶ ·
˜   ¨ ͳͲ‹  ͵ Œ ¸  Ȁ •
͵ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͵ © ¹
Acceleration of COM
‘”ƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ
† ͳƒͳ  ʹƒʹ  ǤǤǤ
 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• ƒ ˜ 
†– ͳ  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤ

[Link] [ 53 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 15
™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ʹ ‰ ƒ† Ͷ ‰ ƒ”‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‹‰ –‘™ƒ”†• ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ™‹–Š ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ
ͳȀ•ʹ ƒ†ʹȀ•ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ‘ƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ
–Š‡•›•–‡Ǥ
Solution:
Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
ͳƒͳ  ʹƒʹ ͳƒͳ  ʹƒʹ
ƒ  Ÿƒ 
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ
‹ ‡ ƒͳ ƒ† ƒʹ ƒ”‡ƒ–‹Ȃ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž
ͳ ƒͳ  ʹƒʹ ʹ ͳ  Ͷ ʹ
‘ǡ ƒ  ͳ  Ȁ •ʹ
ͳ  ʹ ʹ Ͷ
‹ ‡ʹƒʹ εͳƒͳ •‘–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ƒŽ‘‰‹–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒʹǤ
Illustration 16
‘”ƒ‰‹˜‡•›•–‡ˆ‹†‘—– a cm
Solution:
ͳƒͳ  ʹƒʹ ͳ Ȃ ʹ ƒ § ͳ Ȃ ʹ ‰ ·
ƒ 
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ ¨¨ ƒ ͳ  ʹ ¸¹
¸
©
ʹ ƒ ʹ
§   ʹ · § ͳ  ʹ · § ͳ Ȃ ʹ ·
‘ ƒ  ¨ ͳ ¸‰¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ‰
© ͳ  ʹ ¹ © ͳ  ʹ ¹ © ͳ  ʹ ¹ ͳ ƒ
Linear Momentum
‡ ƒ™”‹–‡ ˜
˜ ǤǤ ’ͳ  ’ʹ  ’͵  ǤǤǤǤ > ’ ˜ @
ͳ ˜ͳ  ʹ ˜ʹ  ǤǤǤ
˜
˜ ’
 > 6’‹ ’ @
‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‹–•
† 
˜˜ 
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ ”‘‡™–‘̵••‡ ‘†Žƒ™ ‡š–Ǥ
†–
Illustration 17
™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳͲ‰ƒ†ʹ‰ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ʹ‹ƶ  ͹Œƶ  ͵ƶ Ȁ•ƒ† ͳͲ‹ƶ  ͵ͷŒƶ  ͵ƶ Ȁ•

”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ

Solution:
 ˜˜   ˜   ˜ ͳͲ ʹ‹ƶ  ͹Œƶ  ͵ƶ  ʹ ͳͲ‹ƶ  ͵ͷŒƶ  ͵ƶ
ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ʹͶƶ

Illustration 18
§ Ͷ ·
™‘ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰ƒ†͵‰ƒ”‡Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƶ‹ ȂʹŒƶ  ͷƶ Ȁ• ʹ ƒ† ¨ Ȃʹ‹ƶ  ƶŒ Ȃ ƶ ¸ Ȁ•ʹǤ
© ͵ ¹
‹†‘—– ƒ Ǥ
Solution:

ͳȋ‹ƶ ȂʹŒ ƶ  ͵ȋ ʹ‹ƶ  Ͷ ƶŒ  Ȍ

Ȃ ƶ  ͷȌ ƶ
͵ ƶ‹ Ȃ ʹŒƶ  ͷƶ Ȃ ͸‹ƶ  ͶŒƶ Ȃ͵ƶ § Ȃͷ ƶ ͳ ƶ ͳ ƶ · ʹ
ƒ 
Ͷ ¨ Ͷ ‹  ʹ Œ ʹ ¸Ȁ•
Ͷ © ¹

[ 54 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Effect of External Force on Centre of Mass
† 
˜
˜ 
”‘‡™–‘̵••‡ ‘†Žƒ™ ‡š–Ǥ
†–
 ƒ ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ÿ ‡––
  ƒ
ˆ ‡š– αͲŸ ƒ αͲ
Illustration 19

™‘ˆ‘” ‡• ͳ Ͷ‹ƶ ȂʹŒƶ  ͵ƶ  ƒ† ʹ ͹‹ƶ ȂͺŒƶ  ͷƶ  ƒ”‡ƒ –‹‰‘–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰ƒ†ͷ‰

”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—– ƒ  Ǥ
Solution:
Ͷ‹ƶ ȂȂʹŒƶ  ͵ƶ  ͹‹ƶ Ȃ ͺŒƶ  ͷƶ ͳͳ‹ƶ ȂͳͲŒƶ  ͺƶ
ƒ  
‡–
Ÿ ƒ  Ȁ •ʹ
 –‘–ƒŽ ͳͷ ͳͷ
Special Case
ˆ ‡š– Ͳ ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• — Ͳ
‡ ‡ǡ ƒ Ͳ  Ÿ ˜ — Ͳ

Š‡”‡ ˜  α ‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••

Š—•ǡ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••™‹ŽŽ‘–‘˜‡ƒ† Šƒ‰‡‹’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••™‹ŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
? '” Ͳ

Ÿ ” ‹ƒŽ
 ” ‹–‹ƒŽ
Ͳ

6‹ ”‹ 6‹ ”‹ 6‹ ”‹  ”‹ 6‹ '” ‹

Ÿ  ͲŸ Ͳ Ÿ Ͳ
6‹ 6‹ 6 ‹ 6‹
Ÿ 6‹ '” ‹
Ͳ

Ÿ ͳ'”ͳڏʹ '”ʹ ΪǥǥǥǥǥǤǤ‹'”‹ αͲ

Š‡”‡ '” ‹
α Šƒ‰‡‹’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ ‹–Š ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
Illustration 20
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ†Ͷ‰ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–ƒˆ‹š‡††‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ ˆʹ‰ƒ••
‹•†‹•’Žƒ ‡†–‘™ƒ”†•Ž‡ˆ–„›ͺ–Šƒˆ‹†‘—–„›™Šƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡Ͷ‰ƒ•••Š‘—Ž†„‡†‹•’Žƒ ‡†Ǥ ‘ǡ ‘ˆ
•›•–‡”‡ƒ‹•ƒ–‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ
Solution: ʹ‰ ”ͳ ”ʹ Ͷ‰
‘ˆ•›•–‡”‡ƒ‹•ƒ–‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ
ͳ”ͳ αʹ”ʹ
‹–‹ƒŽ ʹ”ͳαͶ”ʹ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
ͺ š
‹ƒŽ ʹȋ”ͳ ΪͺȌαͶȋ”ʹ ΪšȌ 
ʹ‰ Ͷ‰
ʹ”ͳ Ϊͳ͸αͶ”ʹ ΪͶš
šαͶ

[Link] [ 55 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 21 ͶͲ‰‰
’‡”•‘‘ˆƒ••ͶͲ‰‹••–ƒ†‹‰‘ƒ’Žƒ‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͳͲǤ ˆ
’‡”•‘‘˜‡•‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”•‹†‡‘ˆ’Žƒˆ‹††‹•–ƒ ‡‘˜‡†„›
͸Ͳ‰
–Š‡’ŽƒǤ
ͳͲ
Solution: ͶͲ‰‰
‡–’Žƒ‘˜‡•†‹•–ƒ ‡̵š̵Ǥ š
ͶͲȋͳͲȂ šȌΪ͸ͲȋȂšȌαͲ Ÿ ͶͲȋͳͲȂ šȌα͸ͲȋšȌ
͸Ͳ‰
Ÿ ͶͲȂ Ͷšα͸š Ÿ šαͶ
ͳͲ
Illustration 22
™‘ ’‡”•‘•  Ƭ  ƒ”‡ •–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ ƒ ’Žƒ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ˆ  Ƭ  ‡š Šƒ‰‡ –Š‡‹” ’‘•‹–‹‘ ˆ‹†
†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‡’ŽƒǤ
Solution:  
• –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ –‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ •›•–‡ •‘  ‘ˆ ͶͲ‰ ͸Ͳ‰
•›•–‡ †‘‡• ‘– Šƒ‰‡ ‹–• ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ ‡– ’Žƒ ‘˜‡• ̵š̵ ͳͲͲ‰
†‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ ͳͲ š
ͶͲȋͳͲΪšȌΪͳͲͲȋšȌΪ͸ͲȋšȂ ͳͲȌαͲ
 
Ÿ ͶͲͲΪͶͲšΪͳͲͲšΪ͸ͲšȂ ͸ͲͲαͲ ͸Ͳ‰ ͶͲ‰
Ÿ ȂʹͲͲΪʹͲͲšαͲ
ͳͲͲ‰
Ÿ šαͳ
ͳͲ
Illustration 23
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™‘ƒ™‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ••ǤŠ‡•’Š‡”‡ 
”‡ƒ Š‡•ƒ–Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹––Š‡ˆ‹††‹•–ƒ ‡‘˜‡†„›™‡†‰‡‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ 

Solution:
š 
‡–†‹•–ƒ ‡‘˜‡†„›™‡†‰‡‹•̵š̵
ȋȂ šȌȂ šαͲ ›

Ÿ Ȃ šȂ šαͲ Ÿ Ȃ šȋڏȌαͲ Ÿ š

Conservation of Linear Momentum of System and Impulse
•™‡Šƒ˜‡•–—†‹‡†–Šƒ–
˜
† ˜ † ’›•–‡
‡š–
†– †–
‘™ǡ‹ˆ ‡š– Ͳ Š‡ǡ ’›•–‡ ‘•–ƒ–
–‡ƒ•–Šƒ––‘–ƒŽŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•”‡ƒ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†‹ƒ–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‹™Š‹ Š
‹’—Ž•‡‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
‘–ƒŽ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ƒ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ƒ‘– Šƒ‰‡ —†‡” –Š‡ ƒ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡• ƒ† ‹ˆ ‡–
‹’—Ž•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹ƒ–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‹•œ‡”‘ǡ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹–Šƒ––‹‡
‹–‡”˜ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹ ‘•‡”˜‡†Ǥ
’ˆ‹ˆ‹ƒŽŽ α ’‹‹–‹ƒŽ
‹ ‹–‹ Ž
Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•‘™ƒ•–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡–—Ǥ
‹ ‡ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ ‹’—Ž•‡ ƒ† ‘‡–— ƒ”‡ ˜‡ –‘”•ǡ ‘’‘‡– ‘ˆ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ƒ •›•–‡ ‹ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”
†‹”‡ –‹‘‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†ǡ‹ˆ‡–‹’—Ž•‡‘ˆƒŽŽ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹–Šƒ–†‹”‡ –‹‘˜ƒ‹•Š‡•Ǥ

[ 56 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
No external force Ÿ Stationary mass relative to an inertial frame remains at rest.
Example : Firing a Bullet from a Gun :
  
˜
—ŽŽ‡–
—

ˆ–Š‡„—ŽŽ‡–ƒ†‰—‹•–Š‡•›•–‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†„›–”‹‰‰‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–‡”ƒŽǤ
‘™ǡƒ•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›„‘–Š„—ŽŽ‡–ƒ†‰—ƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–•‘ ’  ’ Ͳ Ǥ ”‘–Š‹•‹–‹•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ–ǣ
’ ’ ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ‹ˆ„—ŽŽ‡–ƒ “—‹”‡•ˆ‘”™ƒ”†‘‡–—ǡ–Š‡‰—™‹ŽŽƒ “—‹”‡‡“—ƒŽƒ†‘’’‘•‹–‡ȋ„ƒ ™ƒ”†Ȍ
‘‡–—Ǥ

˜  
”‘ȋ‹Ȍ ˜ ‹‡  
Ͳ ‹Ǥ‡ǡ
 Ͳǡ ˜ ‹Ǥ‡ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡„—ŽŽ‡–‘˜‡•ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ǡ–Š‡‰—̵”‡ ‘‹Ž•̵‘”̵‹ •„ƒ ™ƒ”†•̵Ǥ

‡ƒ˜‹‡”–Š‡‰—Ž‡••‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡”‡ ‘‹Ž˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
’ʹ ’ʹ
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›  ƒ† ’ ’ ’ Ǥ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ‰—  ǡ
ʹ ʹ
’ʹ  
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„—ŽŽ‡–  ? ͳ  !!  ǤŠ—•ǡ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ‰—‹•Ž‡••‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ
ʹ  
„—ŽŽ‡–‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„—ŽŽ‡–ƒ†‰—™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡‡“—ƒŽǤ ‹–‹ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•œ‡”‘ƒ•
„‘–Šƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–Ǥ ‹ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒœ‡”‘Ǥ
‘ǡŠ‡”‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•‘– ‘•–ƒ–„—–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡‡”‰›‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘•‡”˜‡†Ǥ
‡”‡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ‰—’‘™†‡”‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘Ǥ
Example : Block-Bullet System :
(a) When bullet remains embedded in the block
‘•‡”˜‹‰‘‡–—‘ˆ„—ŽŽ‡–ƒ†„Ž‘ Ǣ˜ΪͲαȋڏȌ
˜
‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„Ž‘   ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ


› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰› Ϊ
ͳ
ȋ  Ȍ ʹ ȋ  Ȍ‰Š Ÿ  ʹ‰Š ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ
Š
ʹ ʹ ˜ ʹ  ˜
ƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š–‰ƒ‹‡†„›„Ž‘  Š
ʹ‰ ʹ‰ȋ  Ȍʹ

(b) If bullet emerges out of the block 

‘•‡”˜‹‰‘‡–— ˜ΪͲα˜ͳ Ϊ˜ʹ
ȋ˜Ȃ ˜ͳȌα˜ʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
‘•‡”˜‹‰‡‡”‰›
ͳ ʹ
˜ʹ ‰Š Ÿ ˜ʹ ʹ‰Š ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ
”‘‡“Ǥȋ‹ȌƬ‡“Ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ ˜ʹ
 ˜  ˜ͳ
ʹȋ˜  ˜ͳ Ȍʹ
ȋ˜Ȃ ˜ͳȌα  ʹ‰Š Ÿ Š 
ʹ‰ʹ

[Link] [ 57 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Important Points
x ‘” ƒ ‹•‘Žƒ–‡† •›•–‡ǡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ‹• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ –Š‡
•›•–‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ ‘•‹•–•‘ˆ„‘†‹‡•Šƒ˜‹‰‘‡–ƒ
’ͳ ǡ’ʹ ǡ’͵ ǡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ’ ǡ –Š‡ ’ͳ  ’ʹ  ’͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  ’ α ‘•–ƒ–
x • Ž‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— †‡’‡†• ‘ ˆ”ƒ‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ǡ ‘„•‡”˜‡”• ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆ”ƒ‡• ™‘—Ž† ˆ‹†
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–ƒ‘ˆƒ‰‹˜‡•›•–‡„—–‡ƒ Š™‘—Ž†ƒ‰”‡‡–Šƒ–Š‹•‘™˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ
Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡™‹–Š–‹‡Ǥ—––Š‡•›•–‡•Š‘—Ž†„‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ƒ† Ž‘•‡†ǡ‹Ǥ‡ǤǡŽƒ™
‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— ‹• ‹†‡’‡†‡– ‘ˆ ˆ”ƒ‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ –Š‘—‰Š Ž‹‡ƒ”
‘‡–—†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ǥ
x ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‹•‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘‡™–‘̵• Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ–™‘
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ –Š‡ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ˆ”‘Žƒ™‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—ǡ
Ÿ ’ͳ  ’ʹ α ‘•–ƒ– ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ͳ˜ͳ  ʹ˜ʹ α ‘•–ƒ–
†˜
˜ͳ †˜
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡‡š’”‡••‹‘™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–‹‡ ͳ  ʹ ʹ Ͳ ȏƒ•‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ȑ
†– †–
ª †
†˜
˜ͳ º
Ÿ ͳƒͳ  ʹƒʹ Ͳ « †– ƒͳ » Ÿ ͳ ʹ Ͳ ª¬ ƒ º¼
ƒ Ÿ ͳ  ʹ
¬ ¼
x Š‹•Žƒ™‹•—‹˜‡”•ƒŽǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ‹–ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–‘ƒ ”‘• ‘’‹ ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‹ ”‘• ‘’‹ •›•–‡•Ǥ
x ‘–ƒŽŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹ ‡–”‘‹†ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
–‹’Ž‹‡• ȭ ˜  αͲ
Ͳ ‘” ͳ˜ͳ ڏʹ˜ʹ ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤڏ˜  αͲ
ͲǤ
Illustration 24
 „‘„ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͳʹ ‰ ‡š’Ž‘†‡• ‹–‘ –™‘ ’‹‡ ‡• ‘ˆ Ͷ ‰ ƒ† ͺ ‰Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ Ͷ ‰ ’‹‡ ‡ ‹•
ʹͶȀ•ǤŠ‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆͺ‰’‹‡ ‡‹•
Solution:
ͳ
ͶέʹͶαͺέ˜ Ÿ ˜αͳʹȀ• ?  u ͺ u ͳʹ u ͳʹ ͷ͹͸
ʹ
Illustration 25
„‘†›‘ˆƒ••͵ƒ–”‡•–‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹–‘–Š”‡‡Ǧ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ’‹‡ ‡•Ǥ™‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‹‡ ‡•‘˜‡™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†˜‡ƒ Š
‹—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹”‡ –‹‘•ǤŠ‡–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†‹•ǣǦ
Solution: ˜
? ˜̵ ʹ˜  Ÿ ˜̵ ʹ˜
§ͳ ʹ· ͳ ʹ ˜
ǤǤ ¨ ʹ ˜ ¸ u ʹ  ʹ  u ʹ˜ ʹ˜ ʹ
© ¹
˜̵
Illustration 26
„‘„‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–‡š’Ž‘†‡•„›‹–•‡Žˆ‹–‘–Š”‡‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–™‘ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•
ƒ”‡ ʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ Ȁ•ƒ† ƶ‹  ʹŒƶ Ȁ•ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹”†ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‹•ȋ‹Ȁ•ȌǣǦ

Solution:
’’Ž›‘‡–— ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ
 ʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ   ƶ‹  ʹŒƶ  ˜
˜ Ͳ

? ˜ ȋ͵‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ

[ 58 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Spring Block System
‘•‹†‡” –™‘ „Ž‘ •ǡ ”‡•–‹‰ ‘ ƒ ˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡•• •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ† ‘‡ –‡† „› ƒ ƒ••Ž‡•• •’”‹‰ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹
ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•’”‹‰‹••–”‡– Š‡†ȋ‘” ‘’”‡••‡†Ȍƒ†–Š‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘”‡•–ǡ
Š‡ ‡š–– Ͳ •‘ ’• ’ͳ  ’ʹ α ‘•–ƒ– ˜ʹ ˜ʹ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›„‘–Š–Š‡„Ž‘ •™‡”‡ƒ–”‡•–•‘ǡ ’ͳ  ’ʹ Ͳ
ͳ ʹ
–‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ǣ
x ’ʹ ’ͳ ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ƒ– ƒ› ‹•–ƒ– –Š‡ –™‘ „Ž‘ • ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡
‘‡–— ‡“—ƒŽ ‹ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ „—– ‘’’‘•‹–‡ ‹ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ȋ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ
‘‡–—ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘•‹–‹‘•ȌǤ
§ ·
x •‘‡–—ǡ ’ ˜ ˜ǡͳ˜ͳ  ʹ˜ʹ Ͳ Ÿ ˜ʹ  ¨ ͳ ¸ ˜ͳ
˜ǡ
© ʹ ¹
Š‡–™‘„Ž‘ •ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘˜‡‹‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•™‹–ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡”„Ž‘ ‘˜‹‰ˆƒ•–‡”Ǥ
’ʹ ͳ ʹ
x ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›  ƒ† ’ͳ ’ʹ ǡ ‘”–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–™‘„Ž‘ •™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡
ʹ ʹ ͳ
‡“—ƒŽ„—–‹–Š‡‹˜‡”•‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡•ƒ†•‘Ž‹‰Š–‡”„Ž‘ ™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‰”‡ƒ–‡”‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
x ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ •‹•œ‡”‘ȋƒ•„‘–Šƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–Ȍ„—–ƒˆ–‡”•‘‡–‹‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ •‹•‘–œ‡”‘ȋƒ•„‘–Šƒ”‡‹‘–‹‘ȌǤ‘ǡ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•‘– ‘•–ƒ–„—– Šƒ‰‡•Ǥ ‡”‡
†—”‹‰–Š‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ •‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘‡Žƒ•–‹ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•’”‹‰ƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǧ
˜‡”•ƒ„—––‘–ƒŽ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡”‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ϊ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›α‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡”‰›α‘•–ƒ–
Illustration 27
͵Ͳ•Ȃͳ
‹†ƒš‹— ‘’”‡••‹‘‹–Š‡•’”‹‰Ǥ
Solution: 
Note : ––Š‡•–ƒ–‡‘ˆƒšǤ ‘’”‡••‹‘‘”ƒšǤ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͵‰ ʹ‰
‘ˆ ‘‡ –‹‰„Ž‘ •—•–„‡•ƒ‡Ǥ
’’Ž›ǡ
͵έ͵Ͳα͵˜Ϊʹ˜ Ÿ ˜αͳͺȀ• ˜ ˜
’’Ž›ǡ

ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ
u ͵ u ȋ͵ͲȌʹ u ͵ u ͳͺʹ  u ʹ u ͳͺʹ  šʹ ͵‰ ʹ‰
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
ͳͲͺͲ
Ÿ ʹ͹ͲͲαͳͺʹ έͷΪšʹ Ÿ ͳͲͺͲαšʹ Ÿ š


BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1. Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡‹•ǣǦ
› ͳ‰ ʹȀ•

š̵ š ʹ‰
͵Ͳι
›̵
ʹȀ•
§ ʹʹ ͵ · ͳ § ·
ȋȌ ¨ ¸ ƶ‹  ƶŒ  ȋȌ ¨ ʹ  ʹ ͵ ¸ ƶ‹  ʹ ƶŒ ȋȌ Ͷ‹ƶ ȋȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
¨ ͵ ¸ ͵ ¨ ͵ ¸ ͵
© ¹ © ¹
PSC105

[Link] [ 59 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

2. ™‘ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ͳͲ ‰ ƒ† ʹ ‰ ƒ”‡ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ʹ‹ƶ  ͹Œƶ  ͵ƶ Ȁ• ƒ†

ͳͲ‹ƶ  ͵ͷŒƶ  ͵ƶ Ȁ•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ

PSC106
3. ™‘„Ž‘ •‘ˆƒ••‡•ͷ‰ƒ†ʹ‰’Žƒ ‡†‘ƒˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡•••—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ ‘‡ –‡†„›ƒ•’”‹‰Ǥ
‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹ ‰‹˜‡•ƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͳͶȀ•–‘–Š‡Š‡ƒ˜‹‡”„Ž‘ ‹–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡”
‘‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‰ƒ‹‡†„›–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
PSC107
4. Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ‰ǡʹ‰ƒ†͵‰ƒ”‡•—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘ˆ‘” ‡• ͵‹ƶ  ʹŒƶ  ʹƶ ǡ  ƶ‹  ʹŒƶ  ƶ 

ƒ† ƶ‹  ƶŒ  ƶ  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡Ǥ

PSC108
5. Š”‡‡‡ǡƬ‘ˆƒ••‡•ͶͲ‰ǡͷͲ‰ƒ†͸Ͳ‰ƒ”‡•–ƒ†‹‰‘ƒ’Žƒ‘ˆƒ••ͻͲ‰ǡ
™Š‹ Š‹•‡’–‘ƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡Ǥ ˆƬ‡š Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”’‘•‹–‹‘•–Š‡ƒ••™‹ŽŽ•Š‹ˆ–
ͶͲ‰ ͷͲ‰ ͸Ͳ‰
  

ʹ ʹ
ȋȌͳȀ͵–‘™ƒ”†•Ž‡ˆ– ȋȌͳȀ͵–‘™ƒ”†•”‹‰Š–
ȋȌ™‹ŽŽ‘–‘˜‡™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ‰”‘—† ȋȌͷȀ͵–‘™ƒ”†•Ž‡ˆ–
PSC109
6. ‘•‹†‡”ƒ•›•–‡Šƒ˜‹‰–™‘ƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ‹™Š‹ Šˆ‹”•–ƒ••‹•’—•Š‡†–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡
‘ˆƒ••„›ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ƒǤŠ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡ „› ™Š‹ Š–Š‡ •‡ ‘†ƒ•• ͳ ʹ
•Š‘—Ž†„‡‘˜‡†–‘‡‡’–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ–•ƒ‡’‘•‹–‹‘‹•ǣǦ ƒ
ͳ ͳ ʹ § ʹ ·
ȋȌ ƒ ȋȌ ƒ ȋȌ ƒ ȋȌ ¨ ¸ƒ
ʹ ͳ  ʹ ͳ © ͳ  ʹ ¹
PSC110
7. ™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–ǡ‘˜‡–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”—†‡”–Š‡‹”—–—ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ
ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘Ǥ––Š‡‹•–ƒ–™Š‡–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‹•˜ƒ†–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‹•ʹ˜ǡ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡
‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•ǣȂ
ȋȌ͵˜ ȋȌ˜ ȋȌͳǤͷ˜ ȋȌœ‡”‘
PSC111
8. ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ȋšȂ›ȌǡƒŽ‘‰–Š‡šȂƒš‹•ǡƒ–ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹
 ͵
Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‰”‘—†Ǥ –•—††‡Ž›‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹–‘–™‘ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•‘ˆƒ••‡• ƒ† Ǥ
Ͷ Ͷ
‹•–ƒ–Žƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‹•ƒ–›αΪͳͷ ǤŠ‡Žƒ”‰‡”ˆ”ƒ‰‡–ƒ––Š‹•‹•–ƒ–‹•ƒ–ǣȂ
ȋȌ›αȂͷ  ȋȌ›αΪʹͲ  ȋȌ›αΪͷ  ȋȌ›αȂʹͲ 
PSC112
9. ™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ”‘†ƒ›„‡ƒ–‹–• ‡–”‡ǫ
ȋͳȌŠ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘–‹—‘—•Ž›ˆ”‘Ž‡ˆ––‘”‹‰Š–Ǥ
ȋʹȌŠ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘–‹—‘—•Ž›ˆ”‘Ž‡ˆ––‘”‹‰Š–Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌŠ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ˆ”‘Ž‡ˆ––‘”‹‰Š–—’–‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
ȋͶȌŠ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ••†‡•‹–›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ˆ”‘Ž‡ˆ––‘”‹‰Š–—’–‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†–Š‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
ȋȌͳǡʹ ȋȌ͵ǡͶ ȋȌʹǡͶ ȋȌͳǡͶ
PSC113

[ 60 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Collision
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‘” ’ƒ –‹•–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•†—”‹‰˜‡”›•ƒŽŽ†—”ƒ–‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡›‡š‡”–
”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›Žƒ”‰‡ˆ‘” ‡•‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ –‡”ƒ –‹‘ˆ‘” ‡•†—”‹‰ƒ‹’ƒ –ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒ–‡†‡‹–Š‡”†—‡–‘†‹”‡ –
‘–ƒ –‘”•–”‘‰”‡’—Ž•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•‘” •‘‡ ‘‡ –‹‰Ž‹•Ǥ
Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘‹••Š‘”–‡‘—‰Š–‘’‡”‹–—•‘Ž›–‘ ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡•–ƒ–‡•‘ˆ‘–‹‘Œ—•–„‡ˆ‘”‡
ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‡˜‡–ƒ†‘–†—”‹‰–Š‡‹’ƒ –Ǥ—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‹’ƒ –”ƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘ͳͲȂʹ͵ • ˆ‘”‹’ƒ –•„‡–™‡‡
‡Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• –‘ ‹ŽŽ‹‘• ‘ˆ ›‡ƒ”• ˆ‘” ‹’ƒ –• „‡–™‡‡ ‰ƒŽƒš‹‡•ǤŠ‡ ‹’ƒ –• ™‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡ ‹ ‘—”
‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ž‹ˆ‡•— Šƒ•–Šƒ–„‡–™‡‡–™‘„ƒŽŽ•Žƒ•–ˆ”‘ͳͲȂ͵ •–‘ˆ‡™•‡ ‘†•Ǥ
Example: -
x Direct collision: - Š‡ƒ”—„„‡”„ƒŽŽ•–”‹‡•ƒˆŽ‘‘”ǡ‹–”‡ƒ‹•‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘”ˆ‘”˜‡”›
•Š‘”––‹‡‹™Š‹ Š‹– Šƒ‰‡•‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǤŠ‹•‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™Š‡”‡’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‘–ƒ –
–ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‹‰„‘†‹‡•Ǥ
x Indirect collision: - Š‡ ƒ DǦ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ’ƒ••‡• „› –Š‡ — Ž‡—• ‘ˆ ƒ ‰‘Ž† ƒ–‘ ‹ —–Š‡”ˆ‘”†̵•
‡š’‡”‹‡–ǡ‹–‰‡–•†‡ˆŽ‡ –‡†‹ƒ˜‡”›•Š‘”––‹‡Ǥ‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘‡ƒ•ƒ Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ
‘–‹‘Ǧ ƒ Šƒ‰‡‹˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ –Š‹•’”‘ ‡••ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•†‘‘––‘— Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ
ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘‡–—ƒ†‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ –‹‰„‘†‹‡• Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
–‡”ƒ –‹‰ˆ‘” ‡•†—”‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ƒ”‡•‘Žƒ”‰‡ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘‘–Š‡”‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ƒ –‹‰‘‡‹–Š‡”
‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘†‹‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ Žƒ–‡” ƒ „‡ ‡‰Ž‡ –‡†Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ ˆ‘” ‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ƒ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ƒ”‡
ƒ –‹‘Ȃ”‡ƒ –‹‘’ƒ‹”•ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ–Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ†–Š—•–Š‡total momentum remains
conserved in any type of collisionǤ
Types of Collision 

(a) On the basis of direction:- —
—
–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ†‹”‡ –‹‘–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
(i) Head-on Collision
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡•ƒ‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–
Ž‹‡„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ• ‡ƒ†Ǧ‘‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‡ƒ†Ǧ‘‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‘”‡Ǧ†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
(ii) Oblique Collision  
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡•ƒ‡’Žƒ‡ƒ–
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ‰Ž‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ† ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‹• †‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• — —
„Ž‹“—‡‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‘”™‘Ǧ†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
(b) On the basis of kinetic energy:-
–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–Š”‡‡–›’‡•‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ „Ž‹“—‡‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋ‹Ȍ Žƒ•–‹ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘”‡ƒ‹•
•ƒ‡Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡ ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘†‘‡•
‘–”‡ƒ‹•ƒ‡Ǥ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
–Š‹•–›’‡‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ž‘••‹‡‡”‰›‹•ƒš‹—Ǥ

[Link] [ 61 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Process of Collision and Coefficient of Restitution
‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‡ Šƒ‹•‘ˆƒ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡŽ‡–—• ‘•‹†‡”–™‘„ƒŽŽ•ƒ†‘ˆƒ••‡•  ƒ† ‘˜‹‰
™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•— ƒ†— ‹–Š‡•ƒ‡†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ‡Ž‘ ‹–›— ‹•Žƒ”‰‡”–Šƒ— •‘–Šƒ––Š‡„ƒŽŽŠ‹–•
–Š‡ „ƒŽŽ Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡ ‹’ƒ –ǡ „‘–Š –Š‡ „‘†‹‡• ’—•Š ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ƒ† ˆ‹”•– –Š‡› ‰‡– †‡ˆ‘”‡† –‹ŽŽ –Š‡
†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡ƒ Š‡• ƒ ƒš‹— ˜ƒŽ—‡ ƒ† –Š‡ –Š‡› –”› –‘ ”‡‰ƒ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ •Šƒ’‡• †—‡ –‘ ‡Žƒ•–‹ 
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•–Š‡ „ƒŽŽ•ˆ‘”‡†‘ˆǤ
     
— — — — ˜ ˜

‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡•–‹–—–‹‘
‡”‹‘† ‡”‹‘†

•–ƒ–™Š‡ •–ƒ–‘ˆƒš‹— •–ƒ–™Š‡

‹’ƒ –„‡‰‹• †‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹’ƒ –‡†•

Deformation period: - Š‡–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ†—”‹‰™Š‹ Š†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡Ǥ

—”‹‰–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ†—‡–‘’—•Šƒ’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǡ •’‡‡†‘ˆ„ƒŽŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ƒ†–Šƒ–‘ˆ„ƒŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘’‡”‹‘†ǡ™Š‡–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒš‹—
„‘–Š–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•‘˜‡™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›•ƒ›‹–‹•—Ǥ
Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡”ǡ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•™‹ŽŽ‡‹–Š‡”‘˜‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‹•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
Restitution period: - Š‡–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡„‘†‹‡•–”›–‘”‡‰ƒ‹–Š‡‹”‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ•Šƒ’‡•Ǥ
—”‹‰–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘†—‡–‘’—•Šƒ’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǡ•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ˆ—”–Š‡”ƒ†–Šƒ–‘ˆ„ƒŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ˆ—”–Š‡”–‹ŽŽ–Š‡›•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ
‡–—•†‡‘–‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‹’ƒ –„›˜ ƒ†˜ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
Coefficient of Restitution
•—ƒŽŽ›–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡„‘†‹‡•ƒ†‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”†—”‹‰–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘†‹ˆˆ‡”•
ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡„‘†‹‡•‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”†—”‹‰–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•‘–
‡ ‡••ƒ”›–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‹’—Ž•‡ ³ †– †—‡–‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‡“—ƒŽ•–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ‹’—Ž•‡ ³ †– †—‡–‘
”‡•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‰‹–—†‡• ‘ˆ ‹’—Ž•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ –‘ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ †‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ
”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ƒ†‹•†‡‘–‡†„›‡Ǥ

‡α
‹’—Ž•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ ‘˜‡”›
α
³ †–
‹’—Ž•‡ ‘ˆ †‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ³ †–

˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ ƒŽ‘‰ Ž ‹‡ ‘ˆ ‹’ƒ – _ ˜  ˜  ȁ

‡
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ƒŽ‘‰ Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ‹’ƒ – ȁ —   — ȁ
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘†‡’‡†•‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆƒ –‘”•ƒ•‡Žƒ•–‹ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ˆ‘”‹‰–Š‡„‘†‹‡•ǡ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–ƒ –’‘‹–•„‡ˆ‘”‡‹’ƒ –ǡ•–ƒ–‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†‹‡•ƒ†–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†‹‡•Ǥ
‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡”ƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘œ‡”‘–‘‘‡„—–‹ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•™Š‡”‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†ǡ
‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ›‡š ‡‡†‘‡Ǥ
‡’‡†‹‰‘–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ǡ–™‘’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ƒ•‡•ƒ”‡‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–Ǥ
Perfectly Plastic or Inelastic Impact ‘”–Š‡•‡‹’ƒ –•‡αͲǡƒ†„‘†‹‡•—†‡”‰‘‹‰‹’ƒ –‘˜‡™‹–Š
•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‹’ƒ –Ǥ
Perfectly Elastic Impact ‘”–Š‡•‡‹’ƒ –•‡αͳǤ

[ 62 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Strategy to solve problems of head-on impact:
”‹–‡–Š‡‘‡–— ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǣ
 ˜  ڏ ˜ α  — ڏ— ǤǤǤȋȌ
”‹–‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘
˜ Ȃ ˜  α ‡ — Ȃ— ǤǤǤȋȌ
Head on Collision
ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜‡ –‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‹‰„‘†‹‡•ƒ”‡†‹”‡ –‡†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆ‹’ƒ –ǡ–Š‡‹’ƒ –‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ†‹”‡ –
‘” ‡ƒ†Ǧ‘‹’ƒ –Ǥ
Head on Elastic Collision
Š‡Š‡ƒ†‘‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•‘‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‹‰„‘†‹‡•‘˜‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡•ƒ‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–ǦŽ‹‡’ƒ–Š
„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ

     
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ —”‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
••—‹‰ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘–‹‘ –‘ „‡ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ƒ† —ͳ ε —ʹ ȋ•‘ –Šƒ– ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ƒ› –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ ‡Ȍ ƒ†
ƒ’’Ž›‹‰Žƒ™‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—
ͳ—ͳ ڏʹ—ʹ αͳ˜ͳ ڏʹ˜ʹ Ÿ ͳȋ—ͳ Ȃ ˜ͳȌαʹȋ˜ʹ Ȃ —ʹȌ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
‘”‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘—•–„‡‡“—ƒŽ–‘‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ
ͳ —ͳʹ  ʹ —ʹʹ ͳ ˜ͳʹ  ʹ ˜ʹʹ Ÿ ͳ ȋ—ͳʹ  ˜ͳʹ Ȍ ʹ ȋ˜ʹʹ  —ʹʹ Ȍ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
‹˜‹†‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹Ȍ„›ȋ‹Ȍ
—ͳ Ϊ˜ͳ α˜ʹ Ϊ—ʹ Ÿ ȋ—ͳ Ȃ —ʹȌαȋ˜ʹ Ȃ ˜ͳȌ ǥȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ͳȂ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘̵˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ’’”‘ƒ Š̵„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡̵˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ƒˆ–‡”
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ‘ƒ––‡”™Šƒ––Š‡ƒ••‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ”‡Ǥ
Š‹•Žƒ™‹• ƒŽŽ‡†Newton's law for elastic collisionǤ
˜ ʹ  ˜ͳ
Š—•ǡ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ˆ‘”‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǣ ‡ ͳ
—ͳ  —ʹ
ˆ™‡—Ž–‹’Ž›‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ„›ʹ ƒ†•—„–”ƒ –‹–ˆ”‘ȋ‹Ȍ
ͳ  ʹ ʹʹ
ȋͳ ʹ Ȍ—
—ͳΪʹ
Ϊʹʹ—ʹαȋ Ϊ ʹ Ȍ˜ͳ  Ÿ ˜ͳ
αȋͳڏ —ͳ  —ʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹˜Ȍ
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ—Ž–‹’Ž›‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ„›ͳ ƒ†ƒ††‹‰‹––‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ  ͳ ʹͳ—ͳ
Ϊȋʹ
ʹͳ—ͳΪȋ ͳ Ȍ—ʹαȋ Ϊ ͳ Ȍ˜ʹ  Ÿ ˜ ʹ
αȋʹڏ —ʹ  ǤǤǤȋ˜Ȍ
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ
Special cases of head on elastic collision
Case-1: If the two bodies are of equal masses :ͳ αʹ ᏖŠ‡˜ͳ α—ʹ ƒ†˜ʹ α—ͳ
Š—•ǡ‹ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•—†‡”‰‘‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹‘‡†‹‡•‹‘ǡ–Š‡–Š‡„‘†‹‡•
‡š Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
Case-2: If the two bodies are of equal masses and second body is at rest.
ͳ αʹ ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ•‡ ‘†„‘†›—ʹ αͲǡ˜ͳ αͲǡ˜ʹ α—ͳ
Š‡„‘†› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–„‘†›‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••ƒ–”‡•–ǡ–Š‡„‘†› ‘‡•–‘”‡•–ƒ†„‘†›
‘˜‡•‘™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„‘†›Ǥ –Š‹• ƒ•‡–”ƒ•ˆ‡”‘ˆ‡‡”‰›‹•Š—†”‡†’‡” ‡–
‡Ǥ‰Ǥ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ”†̵•ƒŽŽǡ— Ž‡ƒ”‘†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

[Link] [ 63 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Case-3: If the mass of one body is negligible as compared to the other.
ˆ ͳ εεʹ ƒ†—ʹ αͲ–Š‡˜ͳ α—ͳǡ˜ʹ αʹ—ͳ
Š‡ƒŠ‡ƒ˜›„‘†› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒŽ‹‰Š–„‘†›ƒ–”‡•–ǡ–Š‡„‘†›•Š‘—Ž†‡‡’‘‘˜‹‰
™‹–Š•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‡”‡ƒ•„‘†›‘˜‡•™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‘—„Ž‡–Šƒ–‘ˆǤ
ˆʹ εεͳ ƒ†—ʹ αͲ–Š‡˜ʹ αͲǡ˜ͳ αȂ —ͳ
Š‡ƒŽ‹‰Š–„‘†› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒŠ‡ƒ˜›„‘†›ƒ–”‡•–ǡ–Š‡„‘†›•–ƒ”–•‘˜‹‰™‹–Š•ƒ‡
•’‡‡†Œ—•–‹‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡„‘†›’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡ƒ‹•ƒ–”‡•–Ǥ
Head on Inelastic Collision
ͳ—ͳڏ
Ϊ ʹ—ʹα
α ͳ˜ͳڏ
Ϊ ʹ˜ʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
›†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘
˜ʹ˜ α‡ȋ—ͳ —
˜ͳα‡ȋ— —ʹ Ȍ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
§  Ȃ ‡ʹ · § ȋͳ  ‡Ȍʹ · §  Ȃ ‡ͳ · § ȋͳ  ‡Ȍͳ ·
˜ͳ ¨ ͳ ¸ —ͳ  ¨ ¸ —ʹ ƒ† ˜ʹ ¨ ʹ ¸ —ʹ  ¨ ¸ —ͳ
© ͳ   ʹ ¹ © ͳ  ʹ ¹ © ͳ   ʹ ¹ © ͳ  ʹ ¹
’‹  ʹ‡ȋ—
ȋ—ʹ  —ͳ Ȍ ’‹  ͳ‡ȋ—
ȋ—ͳ  —ʹ Ȍ
ƒƒŽ•‘„‡‡š’”‡••‡† ˜ ͳ ƒ† ˜ ʹ ȋ’
’‹ ͳ—ͳ ڏ
Ϊ ʹ—ʹ Ȍ
ͳ   ʹ ͳ   ʹ
ͳ ͳʹ ʹ
‘••‹‹‡–‹ ‡”‰›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•α ȋͳ  ‡ʹ Ȍ —ͳ  —ʹ
ʹ ͳ  ʹ
ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ˆ‘” ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•Ͳδ‡δͳ
Head on Perfectly Inelastic Collision
ͳ—ͳڏ
ڏʹ—ʹα
α ͳ ڏʹ ˜
ͳ—ͳ ڏ
Ϊ ʹ—ʹ
Š‡”‡ˆ‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜
ͳ  ʹ
ͳ ͳʹ ʹ
‘••‹‹‡–‹ ‡”‰›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•α —ͳ  —ʹ
ʹ ͳ  ʹ
ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ˆ‘” ‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‡αͲǤ
Illustration 28
„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͷȀ• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•†‹”‡ –Ž›™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••͵‰‘˜‹‰‹
–Š‡•ƒ‡†‹”‡ –‹‘™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͶȀ•ǤŠ‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹•ʹȀ͵Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ƒˆ–‡”
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
Solution:
‡‘–‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•–„ƒŽŽ„›ƒ†–Š‡•‡ ‘†„ƒŽŽ„›ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‹’ƒ –ƒ”‡
•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
ͷȀ• ͶȀ• ˜ͳ ˜ʹ
   

‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘

›ǣʹȋͷȌΪ͵ȋͶȌαʹ˜ͳ Ϊ͵˜ʹ Ÿ ʹ˜ͳ Ϊ͵˜ʹ αʹʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ
˜ ʹ Ȃ ˜ͳ ʹ ˜ ʹ Ȃ ˜ͳ
›†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡ǣ ‡ Ÿ Ÿ ͵˜ ʹ  ͵˜ͳ ʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
—ͳ Ȃ —ʹ ͵ ͷȂ Ͷ
„›•‘Ž˜‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡˜ͳ αͶȀ•ƒ†˜ʹ αͶǤ͸͹Ȁ•

[ 64 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Illustration 29
„‘†›‘ˆʹ‰ƒ••Šƒ˜‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›͵Ȁ• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Šƒ„‘†›‘ˆͳ‰ƒ••‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͶȀ•
‹–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘„‘–Š„‘†‹‡••–‹ –‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‘˜‡™‹–Šƒ ‘‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ ‹†
–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹Ȁ•Ǥ
Solution:
ͳ ˜ͳ  ʹ˜ ʹ ʹu͵  ͳ u Ͷ ʹ
˜ •›•–‡ Ȁ•
ͳ  ʹ ͵ ͵

Bouncing of Ball
‡–ƒ„ƒŽŽˆƒŽŽˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ȋŠȌƒ†Ž‡–‹––‘— Š–Š‡‰”‘—†™‹–Šƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜–ƒ‹‰–‹‡ȋ–Ȍ–‘”‡ƒ Š–Š‡
‰”‘—†Ǥ‡–˜ͳǡ˜ʹǡ˜͵ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ„‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒˆ–‡”ˆ‹”•–ǡ•‡ ‘†ǡ–Š‹”†ǤǤǤǤǤǤ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‘—†Ǥ
Velocity immediately After the nth Rebound

Š
Šͳ
Šʹ Š͵
ŠͶ
Šͷ
˜ ˜ͳ ˜ͳ ˜ʹ ˜ʹ ˜͵ ˜͵ ˜Ͷ ˜Ͷ ˜ͷ ˜ͷ ˜͸ Š͸ ˜͸ ˜͹ ˜͹ —’–‘λ

‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ
‘— ‹‰ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹
›‡™–‘̵•ˆ‘”—Žƒ ȋ˜
˜ʹ  ˜ͳ Ȍ ‡ȋ
‡ȋ—ͳ  —ʹ Ȍ
‡”‡ ˜ʹ αͲǡ —ͳ ˜ ǡ —ʹ αͲ ȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ–”‡•–Ȍ
˜ͳ α‡˜ ȋ‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ȍ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ˜ʹ α‡˜ͳ
˜ʹ α‡ȋ‡˜Ȍ
˜ʹ α‡ʹ˜
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ˜͵ α‡͵˜ǡƒ†˜Ͷ α‡Ͷ˜

Š—•ǡ ˜  ᇐ ˜

˜  ᇐ ʹ‰Š ª ˜ ʹ‰Š º¼

ʹ‰
¬
Height Attained by the Ball After the nth Rebound
˜ͳ ‡˜

Ÿ ʹ‰Šͳ ‡ ʹ‰Š Ÿ Šͳ ‡ʹŠ

‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ˜ʹ ‡ʹ˜

Ÿ ʹ‰Šʹ ‡ʹ ʹ‰Š Ÿ Šʹ ‡ͶŠ

Š—•ǡ Š α‡ʹ Š

[Link] [ 65 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Time Taken in nth Rebound
Šͳ ‡ʹŠ
ͳ ʹ ʹͳ ʹ
Ÿ ‰– ͳ ‡ ‰– Ÿ – ͳʹ ‡ʹ– ʹ
ʹ ʹ
‡”‡–ͳ ‹•–‹‡‘ˆƒ• ‡–‘”†‡• ‡–ƒˆ–‡”ˆ‹”•– ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ʹŠ
Ÿ –ͳ ‡– Ÿ –ͳ ‡
‰
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ Šʹ ‡ͶŠ
ͳ ʹ §ͳ · ʹŠ
Ÿ ‰– ʹ ‡Ͷ ¨ ‰– ʹ ¸ Ÿ – ʹʹ ‡Ͷ – ʹ Ÿ – ʹ ‡ʹ– Ÿ – ʹ ‡ʹ
ʹ ©ʹ ¹ ‰
ʹŠ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ –  ᇐ Ÿ –  ᇐ –
‰
Total time taken in bouncing before the ball stops
α–Ϊʹ–ͳΪʹ–ʹΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
α–Ϊʹ‡–Ϊʹ‡ʹ–Ϊʹ‡͵–ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
α–Ϊʹ–ȋ‡Ϊ‡ʹ Ϊ‡͵ ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤȌ
§ ‡ · § ͳ‡ · ʹŠ § ͳ  ‡ ·
α –  ʹ– ¨ ¸ –¨ ¸α ¨ ¸
© ͳ‡ ¹ © ͳ‡ ¹ ‰ © ͳ‡ ¹
Distance Covered by The Ball Before It Stops
•αŠΪʹŠͳ ΪʹŠʹ ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ϊ f
•αŠΪʹ‡ʹŠΪʹ‡ͶŠΪʹ‡͸ŠΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
•αŠΪʹ‡ʹŠȋͳΪ‡ʹ Ϊ‡Ͷ Ϊ‡͸ ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ȍ
ͳ · ª ʹ‡ʹ º § ͳ  ‡ʹ ·
•α Š  ʹ‡ʹŠ §¨ ¸ Š «ͳ  » Š¨ ¸
© ͳ  ‡ʹ ¹ ¬ ͳ  ‡ʹ ¼ © ͳ  ‡ʹ ¹
Average Speed
§ ͳ  ‡ʹ ·
Š¨
‘–ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡ ¨ ͳ  ‡ʹ ¸¸ ‰Š ª ͳ  ‡ʹ º
˜ ƒ˜Ǥ © ¹ Ÿ ˜ ƒ˜Ǥ « »
‘–ƒŽ–‹‡ ʹŠ § ͳ  ‡ · ʹ ¬« ȋͳ  ‡Ȍʹ ¼»
‰ ¨© ͳ  ‡ ¸¹
Average Velocity
‘–ƒŽ†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– Š ‰Š § ͳ  ‡ ·
˜ƒ˜Ǥ Ÿ ˜ ƒ˜Ǥ
‘–ƒŽ–‹‡ ʹŠ § ͳ  ‡ · ʹ ¨© ͳ  ‡ ¸¹
‰ ¨© ͳ  ‡ ¸¹
Illustration 30
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ǮŠǯ—’‘ƒˆ‹š‡†Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ƒ†”‡„‘—†•Ǥ ˆ‡αͲǤʹ‹•–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ
”‡•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡”‡„‘—†‹‰Šƒ••–‘’’‡†Ǥ
Solution:
αŠΪʹŠͳ ΪʹŠʹ ΪǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
ª ͳ º
§ ͳ  ‡ʹ · « ͳ  ʹͷ » ͳ͵
α Š ¨ ¸ Š« » Š
© ͳ  ‡ʹ ¹ « ͳ  ͳ » ͳʹ
¬ ʹͷ ¼

[ 66 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Oblique Collision
 ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’Žƒ‡ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‰Ž‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‹• ƒŽŽ‡†„Ž‹“—‡‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
›
˜ͳ
ͳ

—ͳ
ͳ
ʹ
—ʹ
ʹ

›ƒŽ‘‰šǦƒš‹•ǡ  ͳ—ͳ ڏʹ—ʹ αͳ˜ͳ ‘• T ڏʹ˜ʹ ‘• I

›ƒŽ‘‰›Ǧƒš‹•ǡ ͲΪͲαͳ˜ͳ•‹ T Ȃ ʹ˜ʹ•‹ I
ˆ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•‡Žƒ•–‹ –Š‡ǡ
› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ
ͳ—ͳʹ  ʹ—ʹʹ ͳ ˜ͳʹ  ʹ˜ʹʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
Illustration 31
„‘†›•–”‹‡•‘„Ž‹“—‡Ž›™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›”‡•–„‘†›‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ”‘˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡›™‹ŽŽ‘˜‡
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
Solution:
›
ʹ ˜ʹ

ʹ 
ͳ  Ʌଶ š
 —ͳ Ʌଵ

˜ͳ
‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‹šȂ†‹”‡ –‹‘‰‹˜‡•
—ͳ α˜ͳ ‘• Tͳ ڏ˜ʹ ‘• Tʹ Ÿ —ͳ α˜ͳ ‘• Tͳ Ϊ˜ʹ ‘• Tʹ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‹›Ȃ†‹”‡ –‹‘‰‹˜‡•
Ͳα˜ʹ•‹ Tʹ Ȃ ˜ͳ•‹ Tͳ
Ÿ Ͳα˜ʹ•‹ Tʹ Ȃ ˜ͳ•‹ Tͳ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
ͳ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
—ͳʹ ˜ͳ  ˜ʹ Ÿ —ͳʹ ˜ͳʹ  ˜ʹʹ ǤǤǤȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ʹ ʹ ʹ

[Link] [ 67 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
›ǡȋ‹Ȍʹ Ϊȋ‹‹Ȍʹ
Ÿ —ͳʹ  Ͳ ˜ͳʹ ‘•ʹ Tͳ  ˜ʹʹ ‘•ʹ Tʹ  ʹ˜ͳ ˜ʹ ‘• Tͳ ‘• Tʹ  ˜ͳʹ •‹ʹ Tͳ  ˜ʹʹ •‹ʹ Tʹ  ʹ˜ͳ ˜ʹ •‹ Tͳ •‹ Tʹ

Ÿ —ͳʹ ˜ͳʹ ‘•ʹ Tͳ  •‹ʹ Tͳ  ˜ʹʹ ‘•ʹ Tʹ  •‹ʹ Tʹ  ʹ˜ͳ ˜ʹ ‘• Tͳ ‘• Tʹ  •‹ Tͳ •‹ Tʹ

Ÿ —ͳʹ ˜ͳʹ  ˜ʹʹ  ʹ˜ͳ ˜ʹ ‘• Tͳ  Tʹ ^ —ͳʹ ˜ͳʹ  ˜ʹʹ `

Ÿ ‘• Tͳ  Tʹ Ͳ Ÿ Tͳ  Tʹ ͻͲq
Illustration 32
‹† ƒš‹— Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ˆŽ‹‰Š– Ƭ ”ƒ‰‡ ˆ”‘  ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒˆ–‡”
ͷͲȀ••
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ ͷ͵ι
Solution: ͵  ɊൌͲ
‡ൌ
˜ ̵ ‘• D ͵ Ͷ
‡
ͶͲ Ͷ
? ˜ ̵ ‘• D ͵Ͳ
˜ ̵•‹ D ͵Ͳ
D Ͷͷq Ƭ ˜ ̵ ͵Ͳ ʹ ͵ͲȀ•
˜̵
ʹ˜ ̵ ‘• D ͶͲȀ•
 ͸•‡ Ƚ
‰ ͷ͵ι
ƒ‰‡͸έ͵ͲαͳͺͲ
˜ʹ› ˜ ̵ʹ ‘•ʹ D
Ͷͷ
ʹ‰ ʹ‰

BEGINNER’S BOX-3
1. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ‡•ƒ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”„‘†›ƒ–”‡•–ƒ† ‘–‹—‡•–‘‘˜‡
‹–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘™‹–Š‘‡ˆ‘—”–Š‘ˆ‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†„‘†›Ǥ
PSC114
2. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜ƒ‡•ƒŠ‡ƒ†‘‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
PSC115
3. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜•–”‹‡•ƒ•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ʹƒ†•–‹ •
–‘‹–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡Ǥ
PSC116
4. ™‘’—––›„ƒŽŽ•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•‘˜‹‰‹—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹”‡ –‹‘•™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ•’‡‡†ǡ
•–‹ –‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•™‡”‡‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ Ͷͷ ʹ Ȁ•‡ƒ Šǡ
ˆ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘„‹‡†ƒ••ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
PSC117
5. „‘†›‘ˆʹ‰ƒ••Šƒ˜‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›͵Ȁ• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Šƒ„‘†›‘ˆͳ‰ƒ••‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͶȀ•‹–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘„‘–Š„‘†‹‡••–‹ –‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‘˜‡
™‹–Šƒ ‘‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹Ȁ•Ǥ
PSC118

[ 68 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
6. „ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‹•†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ʹͲŠ‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ‹†ȋ‹Ȍ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„ƒŽŽƒˆ–‡”•‡ ‘† ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋ‹‹Ȍƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ––ƒ‹‡† „› –Š‡ „ƒŽŽ ƒˆ–‡”•‡ ‘† ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ •’‡‡† ˆ‘” ™Š‘Ž‡
‹–‡”˜ƒŽ ȋ ˆ‡αͲǤͷȌȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
PSC119
7. „ƒŽŽ‹•–Š”‘™˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›—’™ƒ”†ˆ”‘‰”‘—†™‹–Š•’‡‡†ͶͲȀ•Ǥ – ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Š‰”‘—†ƒˆ–‡”
”‡–—”‹‰Ǥ ‹† –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ –”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ† –‹‡ –ƒ‡ †—”‹‰ ‹–• „‘— ‹‰Ǥ ȋ‡ α ͲǤͷȌ
ȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
PSC120
8. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ǮŠǯ—’‘ƒˆ‹š‡†Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ƒ†”‡„‘—†•Ǥ ˆ‡αͲǤʹ‹•–Š‡
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡”‡„‘—†‹‰Šƒ••–‘’’‡†Ǥ
PSC121
9. ™‘„ƒŽŽ•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•—†‡”‰‘ƒŠ‡ƒ†Ǧ‘ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹–Š•’‡‡†•͸Ȁ•‘˜‹‰‹‘’’‘•‹–‡
ͳ
†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹• ǡˆ‹†–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‡ƒ Š„ƒŽŽƒˆ–‡”‹’ƒ –‹Ȁ•Ǥ
͵
PSC122
10. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ͳȀ•ƒ‡•ƒ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‘‡
†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› „‘†›Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‹
Ͳ
‘–ƒ –ˆ‘”ƒ„”‹‡ˆ’‡”‹‘†ͳ•ǤŠ‡‹”ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ˆ”‘
œ‡”‘–‘ Ͳ Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž›‹ͲǤͷ•ƒ††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ž‹‡ƒ”Ž›–‘œ‡”‘‹ƒˆ—”–Š‡”ͲǤͷ•
–ȋ•Ȍ
 ͲǤͷ ͳ
ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆˆ‘” ‡ Ͳ ‹‡™–‘•Ǥ
PSC123
11. ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›—’™ƒ”†™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆʹͲȀ•Ǥ––Š‡•ƒ‡
‘‡–ƒ‘–Š‡”‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••͵‰ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –ǡ‹•†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ƒ
Š‡‹‰Š–ŠαʹͲǤŠ‡–™‘’‘‹–Ž‹‡‘„Œ‡ –• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡ƒ†•–‹ –‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘„‹‡†ƒ••Œ—•–ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
PSC124
12. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͷ‹ƶ Ȁ• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•Š‡ƒ†Ȃ‘™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆ
ƒ•• ͵ ‰ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹ‹ƶ Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ Šƒ• •’‡‡† ‘ˆ
ͳǤ͸Ȁ•‹‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ š†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ ǣ
ȋƒȌ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋ„Ȍ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋ Ȍ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ
PSC125

[Link] [ 69 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWER KEY

BEGINNER'S BOX-1
§ƒ ͹ · § ͳͶ ƶ ͳͻ ƶ ·
1. ͳȉͳǡͳȉ͵ 2. ¨ ǡ ƒ¸ 3. ¨ ͷ ‹  ͷ Œ ¸ ǡȋʹǤͺǡ͵ǤͺȌ
© ʹ ͳͲ ¹ © ¹
4. ȋƒȌƒ–Ǣȋ„Ȍ “—ƒ†”ƒ–Ǣȋ Ȍ‘̵ƒš‹•Ǣȋ†Ȍƒ–Ǣȋ‡Ȍ‹˜“—ƒ†”ƒ–ǢȋˆȌƒ–
 „ʹ
5. š
ȋƒʹ  „ʹ Ȍ
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
ͳͶ
1. ȋȌ 2. ʹƶ Ȁ• 3. ͳͲȀ• 4.  Ȁ •ʹ
͸
5. ȋȌ 6. ȋȌ 7. ȋȌ 8. ȋȌ 9. ȋȌ
BEGINNER'S BOX-3
˜
1. ͳǤʹ‰ 2. Ͳ 3. 4. ͶͷȀ•
͵
5. Ȁ•ǡ–‘™ƒ”†•‹‹–‹ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆʹ‰ƒ••
ͷ ͷͲ
6. ȋ‹ȌͷȀ•Ǣȋ‹‹Ȍ  Ǣȋ‹‹‹Ȍ  Ȁ • 7. ʹͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǡͳ͸•
Ͷ ͻ
ͳ͵
8. Š 9. ʹȀ• 10. ʹ 11. ͷͲ
ͳʹ
Ͷ
12. ȋƒȌͲǤͺ ƶ‹ Ȁ•Ǣ ȋ„Ȍ ʹǤͶ ƶ‹ Ȁ•Ǣȋ Ȍ
͹

[ 70 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Exercise - I
CALCULATION OF CENTRE OF MASS 4. Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
1. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•’Š‡”‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰ƒ”‡ †‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘ǣ
’Žƒ ‡†–‘— Š‹‰‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡• ȋͳȌƒ••‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
‘ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡ǤŠ‡‹” ‡–”‡ƒ”‡ƒ”‡†ǡ ȋʹȌ –‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
ƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆ ȋ͵Ȍ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
ȋͶȌ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ˆ”‘‹•ǣ
PSC004
       
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ 5. Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ –™‘
͵ ͵
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
      ȋͳȌ  ‹˜‡”•‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •“—ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
͵ ʹ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
PSC001 ȋʹȌ  †‹”‡ – ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •“—ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ‘ˆ
2. —‹ˆ‘”‡–ƒŽ†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•‹•–ƒ‡ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
 ȋ͵Ȍ ‹˜‡”•‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
‘—–‘ˆ‹–ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡” ‹• —–‘ˆˆˆ”‘
ʹ ȋͶȌ †‹”‡ –”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
–Š‡‡†ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰ PSC005
’ƒ”–™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ 6. Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ„‘†›ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ‹‡•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡„‘†›

ȋͳȌ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡ ȋʹȌ ƒ›Ž‹‡™‹–Š‹ǡ‘—–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
ͳͲ
„‘†›

ȋʹȌ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡ ȋ͵Ȍ‹‡•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‹•‹†‡–Š‡„‘†›
ͳͷ
ȋͶȌ‹‡•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
 PSC006
ȋ͵Ȍ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡
ͷ 7. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ‡–ƒŽ „ƒŽŽ•ǡ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ”ǡ
 ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡† –‘— Š‹‰ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ‘ ƒ
ȋͶȌ ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡
ʹͲ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ •—”ˆƒ ‡ •— Š –Šƒ– ƒ ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ
PSC002 –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ‹• ˆ‘”‡† ™Š‡ –Š‡ ‡–”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
3. Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ –Š”‡‡„ƒŽŽ•ƒ”‡Œ‘‹‡†ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ
•›•–‡ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǣȂ –Š‡•›•–‡‹•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ–ǣǦ
 ȋͳȌŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡
•‘Ž‹† 
ȋʹȌ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•
•’Š‡”‡ ȋͲǡƒȌ ȋ͵ȌŽ‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰ ‡–”‡•‘ˆƒ›–™‘„ƒŽŽ•
†‹• ȋͶȌ’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‡†‹ƒ•
Š‘ŽŽ‘™  
•’Š‡”‡ PSC007
ȋͲǡͲȌ ȋƒǡͲȌ 8.  •›•–‡ ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ†  ȋδδ ȌǤ
Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•ǣǦ
§ƒ · §ƒ ƒ· ȋͳȌƒ––Š‡‹††Ž‡
ȋͳȌ ¨ ǡ Ͳ ¸   ȋʹȌ ¨ ǡ ¸ 
©͵ ¹ ©ʹ ʹ¹ ȋʹȌ‡ƒ”‡”–‘
ȋ͵Ȍ‡ƒ”‡”–‘
§ƒ ƒ· § ƒ·
ȋ͵Ȍ ¨ ǡ ¸ ȋͶȌ ¨ Ͳǡ ¸ ȋͶȌƒ––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ”‰‡”ƒ••Ǥ
©͵ ͵¹ © ͵¹
PSC008
PSC003

[Link] [ 71 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
9. Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ •›•–‡ ‘ˆ –Š”‡‡ 14. ‹–‹ƒŽŽ› –™‘ •–ƒ„Ž‡ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• š ƒ† › •–ƒ”–
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ‰ǡʹ‰ƒ†͵‰‹•–ƒ‡ƒ• ‘˜‹‰ –‘™ƒ”†• ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” —†‡” —–—ƒŽ
–Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ •›•–‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘Ǥ ˆƒ–‘‡–‹‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆšƒ†
’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆƒˆ‘—”–Š’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••Ͷ‰ ›ƒ”‡ƒ†ʹ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡
•— Š –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ǫ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•›•–‡Ž‹‡•ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ȋͳǡʹǡ͵ǡȌ‹•D ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ‡”‘
ƶ ǡ™Š‡”‡D ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–ǤŠ‡˜ƒŽ—‡
ȋ‹ƶ  ʹŒƶ  ͵Ȍ  
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
‘ˆD ‹•ǣǦ ͵ ͷ
ͳͲ ͷ ͳ ʹ PSC014
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ
͵ ʹ ʹ ͷ 15. ʹ‰„‘†›ƒ†ƒ͵‰„‘†›ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰
PSC009 –Š‡ šǦƒš‹•Ǥ – ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‹•–ƒ– –Š‡ ʹ ‰
MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS „‘†›Šƒ•ƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ͵Ȁ•ƒ†–Š‡͵‰„‘†›
10. Š‡Žƒ™‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡–—ˆ‘”ƒ Šƒ•–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆʹȀ•ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡
•›•–‡‹•„ƒ•‡†‘‡™–‘ǯ•ǣȂ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ––Šƒ–‹•–ƒ–‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ‹”•–Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘ ȋͳȌͷȀ• ȋʹȌͳȀ•
ȋʹȌ‡ ‘†Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘ ͳʹ
ȋ͵ȌŠ‹”†Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘ ȋ͵ȌͲ ȋͶȌ  Ȁ •
ͷ
ȋͶȌƒ™‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ PSC015
PSC010
16. ™‘‘„Œ‡ –•‘ˆƒ••‡•ʹͲͲ‰”ƒƒ†ͷͲͲ‰”ƒ
11Ǥ ’‡”•‘‘ˆƒ••‹••–ƒ†‹‰‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ š š š
ƒ’Žƒ‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Šƒ†ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‹ ’‘••‡•• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ͳͲ ‹ Ȁ• ƒ† ͵‹  ͷ Œ Ȁ•
™ƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ ’‡”•‘ ‘˜‡• ˆ”‘ ‘‡ ‡† –‘ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ
ƒ‘–Š‡” ƒ† •–‘’•Ǥ Š‡ †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ••‹Ȁ•‹•ǣǦ
’Žƒ‹• Ȃ š š ͷš š
 ȋͳȌ ͷ‹  ʹͷ Œ ȋʹȌ ‹  ʹͷ Œ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ  Ȍ ͹
ȋ  Ȍ š
ʹͷ š š
ͷš
ȋ  Ȍ  ȋ͵Ȍ ͷ ‹  Œ ȋͶȌ ʹͷ ‹  Œ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ͹ ͹
 ȋ  Ȍ PSC016
PSC011 MOMENTUM CONSERVATION
12Ǥ —ŽŽ‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͶͲ ‰ ‡ƒ Š ƒ”‡ ˆ‹”‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ 17Ǥ „‘„‘ˆƒ••ͻ‰‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹–‘–™‘’‹‡ ‡•
ƒ Š‹‡‰—™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͳͲ͵ Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ‘ˆ͵‰ƒ†͸‰ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ͵‰’‹‡ ‡‹•
’‡”•‘ ˆ‹”‹‰ –Š‡ „—ŽŽ‡–• ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ ͳ͸Ȁ•ǤŠ‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ͸‰’‹‡ ‡‹•ǣȂ
ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ ʹͲͲǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ȋͳȌ͹͸ͺ ȋʹȌ͹ͺ͸
„—ŽŽ‡–•ˆ‹”‡†’‡”‹—–‡™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ ȋ͵Ȍͳͻʹ ȋͶȌ͸ͺ͹
ȋͳȌ͵ͲͲ ȋʹȌ͸ͲͲ ȋ͵ȌͳͷͲ ȋͶȌ͹ͷ
PSC017
PSC012
18. „‘„‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–‡š’Ž‘†‡•„›‹–•‡Žˆ ‹–‘
13. ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
–Š”‡‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ǣǦ
‰ –™‘ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–• ƒ”‡ ȋ͵ ƶ‹ Ϊ ʹ ƶŒ Ȍ Ȁ• ƒ†
ȋͳȌ
Ͷ ȋȂ ƶ‹ Ȃ Ͷ ƶŒ Ȍ Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‹”†
‰ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–‹•ȋ‹Ȁ•ȌǣǦ
ȋʹȌ
ʹ ȋͳȌʹ ƶ‹ Ϊʹ ƶŒ ȋʹȌʹ ƶ‹ Ȃ ʹ ƶŒ
ȋ͵Ȍ‰ 
ȋͶȌʹ‰
͵ ȋ͵ȌȂʹ ƶ‹ Ϊʹ ƶŒ ȋͶȌȂʹ ƶ‹ Ȃ ʹ ƶŒ
PSC018
PSC013

[ 72 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
19Ǥ „‘„‘ˆͷͲ‰‹•ˆ‹”‡†ˆ”‘ƒ ƒ‘™‹–Šƒ 25. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••Ͷƒ–”‡•–‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹–‘–Š”‡‡
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›͸ͲͲȀ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ‘‹• ’‹‡ ‡•Ǥ ™‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‹‡ ‡• ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ƒ•• 
ͳͲ͵ ‰ǡ–Š‡‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ ‘˜‡ ™‹–Š ƒ •’‡‡† Q ‡ƒ Š ‹ —–—ƒŽŽ›
ȋͳȌ͵ͲȀ• ȋʹȌȂ͵ͲȀ• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” †‹”‡ –‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ‹‡–‹ 
ȋ͵ȌͲȉ͵ͲȀ• ȋͶȌȂͲȉ͵ͲȀ• ‡‡”‰›”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†‹•ǣǦ
PSC019 ͳ
ȋͳȌ ˜ ʹ ȋʹȌQʹ
20. ‡–ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ†‘‡•‘–”‡„‘—†™Š‡•–”— ‘ ʹ
ƒ ™ƒŽŽǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• ƒ ”—„„‡” „ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ƒ•• ͵ ͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ʹ ȋͶȌ ˜ ʹ
™Š‡ –Š”‘™ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ –Š‡ ʹ ʹ
™ƒŽŽ”‡„‘—†•Ǥ ”‘–Š‹•‹–‹•‹ˆ‡””‡†–Šƒ–Ȃ PSC025
ȋͳȌ Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡–—‹••ƒ‡‹„‘–Š 26. „‘„‘ˆƒ••͵ǤͲ‰‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹ƒ‹”‹–‘–™‘
ȋʹȌ Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡–—‹”—„„‡”„ƒŽŽ‹•‘”‡ ’‹‡ ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ʹǤͲ ‰ ƒ† ͳǤͲ ‰Ǥ Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡–—‹‡–ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ‹•‘”‡ •ƒŽŽ‡”ƒ••‰‘‡•ƒ–ƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͺͲȀ•ǤŠ‡
ȋͶȌ ‹–‹ƒŽ ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ‡–ƒŽ „ƒŽŽ ‹• ‘”‡ –‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹’ƒ”–‡†–‘–Š‡–™‘ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•‹•Ǧ
–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ”—„„‡”„ƒŽŽ ȋͳȌͳǤͲ͹ ȋʹȌʹǤͳͶ
PSC020 ȋ͵ȌʹǤͶ ȋͶȌͶǤͺ
21.  „‘„ ‘ˆ ƒ••  α ͳ ‰ –Š”‘™ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ› PSC026
—’™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†—αͳͲͲȀ•‡š’Ž‘†‡• 27Ǥ  „‘„ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͵Ͳ ‰ ƒ– ”‡•– ‡š’Ž‘†‡• ‹–‘
–™‘ ’‹‡ ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ͳͺ ‰ ƒ† ͳʹ ‰Ǥ Š‡
‹–‘–™‘’ƒ”–•ƒˆ–‡”–αͷ•Ǥˆ”ƒ‰‡–‘ˆƒ••
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ͳͺ ‰ ƒ•• ‹• ͸ Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡ ‹‡–‹ 
ͳ αͶͲͲ‰‘˜‡•†‘™™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”ƒ••‹•ǣǦ 
˜ͳ α ʹͷ Ȁ•ǡ –Š‡ •’‡‡† ˜ʹ ƒ† †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ
ȋͳȌͷʹͶ ȋʹȌʹͷ͸ ȋ͵ȌͶͺ͸ ȋͶȌ͵ʹͶ
ƒ‘–Š‡”ƒ••ʹ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ PSC027
ȋͳȌͶͲȀ•†‘™™ƒ”†• ȋʹȌͶͲȀ•—’™ƒ”†• 28. „—ŽŽ‡–‘ˆƒ••‹•ˆ‹”‡†ˆ”‘ƒ‰—‘ˆƒ••
ȋ͵Ȍ͸ͲȀ•—’™ƒ”†• ȋͶȌ ͳͲͲȀ•—’™ƒ”†• ǤŠ‡”‡ ‘‹Ž‹‰‰— ‘’”‡••‡•ƒ•’”‹‰‘ˆ
PSC021 ˆ‘” ‡ ‘•–ƒ–  „› ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ †Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡
22. ͳ‰•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›„‘„‹•‡š’Ž‘†‡†‹–Š”‡‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„—ŽŽ‡–‹•ǣǦ
’ƒ”–•Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ••”ƒ–‹‘ͳǣ ͳǣ͵Ǥƒ”–•Šƒ˜‹‰ †
•ƒ‡ƒ••‘˜‡‹’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹”‡ –‹‘• ȋͳȌ†  Ȁ  ȋʹȌ 

™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͵Ͳ Ȁ•ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ † 
„‹‰‰‡”’ƒ”–™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ †
 
ͳͲ PSC028
ȋͳȌͳͲ ʹ Ȁ• ȋʹȌ Ȁ•
ʹ 29. †‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡™”‘‰•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǥ
ͳͷ ȋͳȌ „‘†› ƒ Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡–— ™‹–Š‘—–
ȋ͵Ȍͳͷ ʹ Ȁ• ȋͶȌ Ȁ• ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
ʹ
ȋʹȌ„‘†› ƒŠƒ˜‡‡‡”‰›™‹–Š‘—–‘‡–—
PSC022
ȋ͵ȌŠ‡‘‡–—‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†‹ƒ‡Žƒ•–‹ 
23.  Š‡ƒ˜› — Ž‡—• ƒ– ”‡•– „”‡ƒ• ‹–‘ –™‘
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‘Ž›Ǥ
ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•™Š‹ ŠˆŽ›‘ˆˆ™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ͺǣͳǤ ȋͶȌ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‹• ‘– ‘•‡”˜‡† ‹ ƒ
Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•‹•ǣǦ ‹‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋͳȌͳǣʹ ȋʹȌͳǣͶ ȋ͵ȌͶǣͳ ȋͶȌʹǣͳ PSC029
PSC023 COLLISION
24.  •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‡š’Ž‘†‡• ‹–‘ –™‘ 30Ǥ  „ƒŽŽ •–”‹‡• –Š‡ ˆŽ‘‘” ƒ† ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ™Š‹ Š‘˜‡‹ ”‡„‘—†•„ƒ Ǥ –Š‹••–ƒ–‡Ȃ
‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•˜ͳ ƒ†˜ʹǤ ȋͳȌ‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†
Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰‹‡•ͳȀʹ ‹•ǣǦ  ȋʹȌ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†
ȋͳȌʹȀͳ ȋʹȌͳȀʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ‘‡–—‘ˆ„ƒŽŽȂ‡ƒ”–Š•›•–‡‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†
ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌͳ˜ʹȀʹ˜ͳ ȋͶȌ Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„ƒŽŽȂ‡ƒ”–Š•›•–‡‹•
PSC024 ‘•‡”˜‡†
PSC030

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
31Ǥ „—ŽŽ‡–‘ˆƒ••‹•ˆ‹”‡†™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹ƒ 37Ǥ ͷͲ‰„—ŽŽ‡–‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͳͲȀ•
Žƒ”‰‡„‘†›‘ˆƒ••ǤŠ‡ˆ‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‰‡–• ‡„‡††‡† ‹–‘ ƒ ͻͷͲ ‰ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›
•›•–‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ „‘†›ǤŠ‡Ž‘••‹‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
  ™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
   ȋͳȌͷΨ ȋʹȌͷͲΨ ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲΨ ȋͶȌͻͷΨ
ȋ  Ȍ ȋ   Ȍ PSC037
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ 
  38.  „—ŽŽ‡– ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ •’‡‡† ˜
PSC031 •–”‹‡• ƒ ™‘‘†‡ „Ž‘  ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ‰‡–•
32Ǥ •’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–
‡„‡††‡†‹–‘–Š‡„Ž‘ ǤŠ‡ˆ‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†‹•ǣǦ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ™‹–Š ƒ‘–Š‡” •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›
•’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ƒ••Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•
‘ˆ –™‘ •’Š‡”‡• ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ǡ ‹ˆ –Š‡
‘Ǧ‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹•‡Ǧ
ͳ‡ ‡ ͳ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ͳ‡ ‡ͳ  
ȋͳȌ ˜ ȋʹȌ ˜
ͳ‡ ‡ͳ  
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ͳ‡ ‡ ͳ  ˜
PSC032 ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ȋͶȌ
 ʹ
33Ǥ ™‘ ‡Žƒ•–‹  „‘†‹‡•  ƒ†  Šƒ˜‹‰ ‡“—ƒŽ
PSC038
ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹‡™‹–Š
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ ͳ͸Ȁ•ƒ†ͳͲȀ•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ 39Ǥ „ƒŽŽ‹•†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘Š‡‹‰Š–Š‘–Š‡‰”‘—†
Š‡‹”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹ŽŽ Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ ˆ–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹•‡–Š‡
„‡‹Ȁ•ǣǦ –Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–—’–‘™Š‹ Š–Š‡„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ‰‘ƒˆ–‡”–Š
ȋͳȌͲƒ†ʹͷ ȋʹȌͷƒ†ʹͲ Œ—’™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
ȋ͵ȌͳͲƒ†ͳ͸ ȋͶȌʹͲƒ†ͷ Š ‡ʹ
PSC033 ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
‡ʹ Š
34Ǥ Š‡—‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹•Ȃ
ȋͳȌȀ• ȋ͵ȌŠ‡ ȋͶȌŠ‡ʹ
ȋʹȌ•Ȁ PSC039
ȋ͵Ȍέ• 40Ǥ ™‘ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ƒ•• ƒ”‡ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ •ƒ‡•’‡‡†‹—–—ƒŽŽ›‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•Ǥ
PSC034 Š‡› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡ƒ†•–‹ –‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–
35Ǥ ™‘ •‘Ž‹† „ƒŽŽ• ‘ˆ ”—„„‡”  ƒ†  ™Š‘•‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡ʹͲͲ‰ƒ†ͶͲͲ‰”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ

ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰‹—–—ƒŽŽ›‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•Ǥ ˆ ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ȋʹȌ
–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„ƒŽŽ‹•Ͳȉ͵Ȁ•ƒ†„‘–Š–Š‡ ʹ
„ƒŽŽ• ‘‡ –‘ ”‡•– ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ”‘‡”‘–‘f
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„ƒŽŽ‹•Ȃ PSC040
ȋͳȌͲȉͳͷȀ• 41Ǥ Š‡ „‘„ ȋƒ•• Ȍ ‘ˆ ƒ •‹’Ž‡ ’‡†—Ž— ‘ˆ
ȋʹȌȂ ͲȉͳͷȀ• Ž‡‰–Š‹•Š‡Ž†Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽƒ†–Š‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌͳȉͷȀ•
– ‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ› ™‹–Š ƒ „Ž‘  ‘ˆ ‡“—ƒŽ
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
ƒ••Ž›‹‰‘ƒˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡••–ƒ„Ž‡ǤŠ‡‹‡–‹ 
PSC035
36Ǥ ͳ‰„ƒŽŽˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆʹͷ ƒ† ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
”‡„‘—†•—’–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͻ ǤŠ‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ȋʹȌ‰
‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘‹•Ȃ ‰
ȋ͵Ȍʹ‰ ȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌͲȉ͸ ȋʹȌͲȉ͵ʹ ȋ͵ȌͲȉͶͲ ȋͶȌͲȉͷ͸ ʹ
PSC036 PSC041

[ 74 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
42Ǥ ™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ƒ••  –”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‹‰ ™‹–Š 48Ǥ ͷ‰Ž—’‘ˆ Žƒ›ǡ‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•—ͳ ƒ†—ʹ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›‹‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ͳͲ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ•–ǡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•Š‡ƒ†Ȃ‘™‹–Š
Š‡Ž‘••‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ ƒ‘–Š‡” ʹ‰ Ž—’ ‘ˆ Žƒ› ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š
ͳ ͳ ͳͷ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•™‡•–Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ–Š‡–™‘
ȋͳȌ ȋ—ͳ Ȃ —ʹȌʹ ȋʹȌ ȋ—ͳ Ȃ —ʹȌʹ
ʹ Ͷ Ž—’• •–‹  –‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍȋ—ͳ Ȃ —ʹȌ ʹ ȋͶȌʹȋ—ͳ Ȃ —ʹȌʹ ‘’‘—†Ž—’™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
PSC042 ȋͳȌͷ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ•–
43Ǥ „ƒŽŽ‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͻȀ• ‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ȋʹȌͷ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•™‡•–
™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”•‹‹Žƒ”•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›„ƒŽŽǤˆ–‡”–Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍʹȉͺͺ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ•–
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ „‘–Š –Š‡ „ƒŽŽ• ‘˜‡ ‹ †‹”‡ –‹‘• ȋͶȌʹȉͷ Ȁ•–‘™ƒ”†•™‡•–
ƒ‹‰ ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ͵Ͳι ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ PSC048
†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘–Š‡‹”•’‡‡†™‹ŽŽ 49. ƒ‹‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘„‡–™‡‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•ǡ
„‡Ȃ
–Š‡’Š›•‹ ƒŽ“—ƒ–‹–›–Šƒ–‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†ǣǦ
ȋͳȌʹȉ͸Ȁ• ȋʹȌͷȉʹȀ•
ȋͳȌ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
ȋ͵ȌͲȉͷʹȀ• ȋͶȌͷʹȀ•
ȋʹȌ‘‡–—
PSC043
ȋ͵Ȍ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
44Ǥ  •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ƒ† ‹– ƒ‡• ƒ
ȋͶȌ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ƒ†‘‡–—
‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ‘–Š‡” •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›
PSC049
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ‹–•‘™”ƒ†‹—•Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
‹– ‘‡•–‘”‡•–ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹–‹‡•‘ˆ 50. ƒ••‘ˆʹͲ‰‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͳͲȀ•
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‘ˆ•‡ ‘†•’Š‡”‡ƒ†ˆ‹”•–•’Š‡”‡‹•Ǧ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ƒ••‘ˆͷ‰Ǥ
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌͶ ȋ͵Ȍͺ ȋͶȌͳ͸ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –™‘ ƒ••‡•
PSC044 •–‹  –‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ –Š‡
45Ǥ ͷ‰„‘†› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ‘’‘•‹–‡ƒ••™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
„‘†›Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ–Š‡„‘†‹‡•‘˜‡‹ ȋͳȌ͸ͲͲ ȋʹȌͺͲͲ
–Š‡ •ƒ‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ™‹–Š ‘‡Ȃ–Š‹”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲͲ ȋͶȌͳʹͲͲ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– „‘†›Ǥ Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ PSC050
•‡ ‘†„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ 51. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜
ȋͳȌͷ‰ ȋʹȌͳͲ‰ ƒ‡• Š‡ƒ† ‘ ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ
ȋ͵Ȍͳͷ‰ ȋͶȌʹͲ‰ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›„‘†›‘ˆƒ••Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ
PSC045 –Š‡„‘†›‘ˆƒ•• ‘‡•–‘”‡•–ƒ†‘Ž›–Š‡
46Ǥ  ͳͲ ‰ „—ŽŽ‡–ǡ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ „‘†›Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ••‘˜‡•ǤŠ‹•™‹ŽŽŠƒ’’‡
ͷͲͲ Ȁ•Ǥ ‡–‡”• ƒ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ’‹‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ‡ ‘ˆ ‘Ž›™Š‡ǣǦ
ƒ•• ͳͲ ‰ ƒ† •–‘’•Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ’‹‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ‡ ‹• ȋͳȌεε ȋʹȌδδ
Ž›‹‰‘ƒˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡••’Žƒ‡ǡ–Š‡‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› 
™‹ŽŽ„‡ ȋ͵Ȍα ȋͶȌα
ʹ
ȋͳȌͷ Ȁ• ȋʹȌͷȀ•
PSC051
ȋ͵ȌͲȉͷȀ• ȋͶȌͲȉͷ Ȁ•
52.  „‘†›  ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ‡Žƒ•–‹ 
PSC046
47. Š‡ƒ˜›„‘†›‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ʹͲȀ• ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› „‘†› Ǥ ˆ ƒˆ–‡”
ƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡”•ƒŽŽ‘„Œ‡ –ƒ–”‡•–—†‡”‰‘ƒ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘–Š‡„‘†‹‡•ˆŽ›ƒ’ƒ”–‹–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡
‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ™‹ŽŽ ‘˜‡ ™‹–Š ƒ †‹”‡ –‹‘™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ•’‡‡†•ǡ–Š‡ƒ••”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆǣǦ ƒ†‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌʹͲȀ•Ǥ ȋʹȌͶͲȀ•Ǥ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ͸ͲȀ•Ǥ ȋͶȌ‡”‘ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ
PSC047 PSC052

[Link] [ 75 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
53.  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‹• •ƒ‹† –‘ „‡ ’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ‹‡Žƒ•–‹  58. ™‘ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ „ƒŽŽ•ǡ ‘‡‘˜‡• ™‹–Š ͳʹȀ•
™Š‡ǣǦ ƒ† •‡ ‘† ‹• ƒ– ”‡•–ǡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ˆ–‡”
ȋͳȌ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘αͲ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ•‡ ‘†ƒ†ˆ‹”•–„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
ȋʹȌ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘αͳ ȋͳȌ ͸Ȁ•ǡ͸Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳʹȀ•ǡͳʹȀ•
ȋ͵Ȍ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘αf ȋ͵ȌͳʹȀ•ǡͲȀ• ȋͶȌͲȀ•ǡͳʹȀ•
ȋͶȌ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘δͳ PSC058
PSC053 59.  •’Š‡”‡  ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› vi
54. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ǮŠǯ—’‘ƒˆ‹š‡† —†‡”‰‘‡• ƒ ‘„Ž‹“—‡ ƒ† ’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ‡Žƒ•–‹ 
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ’Žƒ‡ ƒ† ”‡„‘—†•Ǥ ˆ Ǯ‡ǯ ‹• –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹–Šƒ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•’Š‡”‡‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ”‡•–ǤŠ‡ƒ‰Ž‡T „‡–™‡‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡”‡„‘—†‹‰Šƒ••–‘’’‡†‹•ǣǦ •’Š‡”‡•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
§ ͳ  ‡ʹ · § ͳ  ‡ʹ · ȋͳȌͲ ȋʹȌͶͷι ȋ͵ȌͻͲι ȋͶȌͳͺͲι
ȋͳȌŠ ¨ ¸ ȋʹȌŠ ¨ ʹ ¸
© ͳ‡ ¹
ʹ
© ͳ‡ ¹ PSC059
60Ǥ  „ƒŽŽ‹•†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͳͲǤ ˆͶͲΨ
Š § ͳ  ‡ʹ · Š § ͳ  ‡ʹ ·
ȋ͵Ȍ ¨ ¸ ȋͶȌ ¨ ¸ ‘ˆ‹–•‡‡”‰›‹•Ž‘•–‘ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
ʹ © ͳ  ‡ʹ ¹ ʹ © ͳ  ‡ʹ ¹
–Š‡ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘–Š‡„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ”‡„‘—†–‘ƒ
PSC054 Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆȂ
55. ˆ–™‘ƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ȋͳȌͳͲ ȋʹȌͺ ȋ͵ȌͶ ȋͶȌ͸
–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š‡‹” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ‹• PSC060
’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ 61. ”—„„‡”„ƒŽŽ‹•†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͷ
ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ‘ ƒ ’Žƒ‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ‰”ƒ˜‹–›‹•‘–•Š‘™Ǥ„‘— ‹‰‹–”‹•‡•–‘
ʹ ʹ ͳ ͳ
ͳǤͺǤŠ‡„ƒŽŽŽ‘•‡•‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘„‘— ‹‰
PSC055
„›ƒˆƒ –‘”‘ˆǣǦ
56. ™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ†  ƒ† –Š‡”‡
ͳ͸ ʹ ͵ ͻ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡ ƒ† ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•Ǥ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ʹͷ ͷ ͷ ʹͷ
ˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ –Š‡› ‹–‡” Šƒ‰‡• –Š‡‹”
PSC061

˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ  ‹•ǣǦ 62. Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–”—‡ǣǦ

ȋͳȌ ‘‡–— ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡† ‹ ƒŽŽ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•
  „—– ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡† ‘Ž› ‹
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
  ‹‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘
ȋ   Ȍ ȋʹȌ ‡‹–Š‡”‘‡–—‘”‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌͳ ‘•‡”˜‡†‹‹‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•Ǥ
ȋ   Ȍ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‘‡–— ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡† ‹ ƒŽŽ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•
PSC056
„—–‘–‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
57.  –Š‡ †‹ƒ‰”ƒ• ‰‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ –Š‡ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
ȋͶȌ ‘–Š ‘‡–— ƒ† ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ƒ”‡
Ž‹‡”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡’ƒ–Š‘ˆƒ„ƒŽŽ ‘‹‰ˆ”‘
‘•‡”˜‡†‹ƒŽŽ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘•Ǥ
Ž‡ˆ–ƒ†Š‹––‹‰ƒ‘–Š‡”„ƒŽŽ™Š‹ Š‹•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›
PSC062
ƒ– ”‡•–Ǥ Š‡ ‘–Š‡” –™‘ Ž‹‡• ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡
63. „—ŽŽ‡–‘ˆƒ••‹•ˆ‹”‡†‹–‘ƒŽƒ”‰‡„Ž‘ ‘ˆ
’ƒ–Š• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ „ƒŽŽ• ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
™‘‘† ‘ˆ ƒ••  ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ
Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹ƒ‰”ƒ •Š‘™• ƒ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽŽ›
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹•ǣǦ
‹’‘••‹„Ž‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǫ
§  · § Ϊ ·
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋͳȌ ¨ ¸˜ ȋʹȌ ¨ ¸˜
© Ȃ ¹ ©  ¹
§ Ȃ · §  ·
ȋ͵Ȍ ¨ ¸˜ ȋͶȌ ¨ ¸˜
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ©  ¹ © Ϊ ¹
PSC057 PSC063

[ 76 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
64. „‹‰„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ǡ‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›— 66. ™‘‹ ‡•ƒ–‡”•ƒ†ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”
•–”‹‡•ƒ•ƒŽŽ„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ–”‡•–Ǥ ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥƒ–‡”Šƒ•ƒƒ••͵Ͳ‰ƒ†
‹ƒŽŽ› •ƒŽŽ „ƒŽŽ ƒ––ƒ‹• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› — ƒ† „‹‰ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ͳȀ•ƒ†•ƒ–‡”Šƒ•ƒƒ••ʹͲ‰
„ƒŽŽ˜ǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ˜ǣǦ ƒ† ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹ Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡› ‡‡– ƒ† Ž‹‰
  –‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤŠ‡‹”ˆ‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—’Ž‡‹•
ȋͳȌ — ȋʹȌ —
  ȋͳȌʹȀ•
ʹ  ȋʹȌͳǤͷȀ•
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ˜ ȋ͵ȌͳȀ•
 
PSC064 ȋͶȌʹǤͷȀ•
65.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š •’‡‡† ˜ PSC066
–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ•–•–”‹‡•ƒ‘–Š‡”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆ•ƒ‡
ƒ•• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š •ƒ‡ •’‡‡† ˜ –‘™ƒ”†•
‘”–ŠǤ ˆ–‡” •–”‹‹‰ǡ –Š‡ –™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ˆ—•‡
–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ‹–Š ™Šƒ–•’‡‡† –Š‹• ‡™ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
‘ˆ ƒ•• ʹ  ™‹ŽŽ ‘˜‡ ‹ ‘”–ŠǦ‡ƒ•–
†‹”‡ –‹‘ǫ
˜ ˜
ȋͳȌ˜ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ˜ ʹ
ʹ ʹ
PSC065

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 4 3 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 4
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 3 3 3 2 2 4 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 3
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 2
Question 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 4
Question 61 62 63 64 65 66
Answer 2 3 4 1 3 3
[Link] [ 77 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

AIPMT 2015 NEET-II 2016
1. ™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••‡• ͳǡ ʹ ‘˜‡ ™‹–Š 5. „—ŽŽ‡–‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰‘˜‹‰Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š
‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•—ͳ ƒ†—ʹǤ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǡ‘‡‘ˆ ƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͶͲͲȀ••–”‹‡•ƒ™‘‘†‡„Ž‘ 
–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‰‡–‡š ‹–‡†–‘Š‹‰Š‡”Ž‡˜‡Žǡƒˆ–‡” ‘ˆ ƒ•• ʹ ‰ ™Š‹ Š ‹• •—•’‡†‡† „› ƒ Ž‹‰Š–
ƒ„•‘”„‹‰ ‡‡”‰› HǤ ˆ ˆ‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹‡š–‡•‹„Ž‡•–”‹‰‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͷǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•„‡˜ͳ ƒ†˜ʹ –Š‡™‡—•–Šƒ˜‡ǣ –Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ ‹•ˆ‘—†–‘
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ”‹•‡ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ͳͲ ǤŠ‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ ͳ—ͳʹ  ʹ—ʹʹ ͳ˜ͳʹ  ʹ˜ʹʹ  H
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ –Š‡ „—ŽŽ‡– ƒˆ–‡” ‹– ‡‡”‰‡• ‘—– Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ›
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ˆ”‘–Š‡„Ž‘ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋʹȌ ͳ—ͳʹ  ʹ—ʹʹ  H ͳ˜ͳʹ  ʹ˜ʹʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ȋͳȌ ͳʹͲȀ• ȋʹȌͳ͸ͲȀ•
ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ ʹ ͳ ʹ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ͳͲͲȀ• ȋͶȌͺͲȀ•
ȋ͵Ȍ ͳʹ—ͳʹ  ʹʹ—ʹʹ  H ͳ˜ͳ  ʹ˜ ʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ PSC078
ȋͶȌͳ —ͳ ڏʹ —ʹ Ȃ H αͳ ˜ͳ ڏʹ ˜ʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
6. ™‘‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ•ƒ†Šƒ˜‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
PSC074 ͲǤͷ Ȁ• ƒ† ȂͲǤ͵ Ȁ• ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ‘ŽŽ‹†‡
2. ™‘ •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ͷ ƒ† ‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹‘‡†‹‡•‹‘ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ
”ƒ†‹‹  ƒ† ʹ ƒ”‡ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ‹ ˆ”‡‡ •’ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š
ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
‹‹–‹ƒŽ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡•‡“—ƒŽ–‘
ȋͳȌ ȂͲǤ͵Ȁ•ƒ†ͲǤͷȀ•
ͳʹǤ ˆ –Š‡› ƒ––”ƒ – ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” †—‡ –‘
ȋʹȌ ͲǤ͵Ȁ•ƒ†ͲǤͷȀ•
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘Ž›ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ȂͲǤͷȀ•ƒ†ͲǤ͵Ȁ•
‘˜‡”‡†„›–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”„‘†›„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌͶǤͷ ȋʹȌ͹Ǥͷ ȋ͵ȌͳǤͷ ȋͶȌʹǤͷ ȋͶȌ ͲǤͷȀ•ƒ†ȂͲǤ͵Ȁ•
PSC075 PSC079
Re-AIPMT 2015 NEET(UG) 2018
3. „ƒŽŽ‹•–Š”‘™˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›†‘™™ƒ”†•ˆ”‘ƒ 7. ‘˜‹‰„Ž‘ Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ••ǡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Š
Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ʹͲ  ™‹–Š ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ͲǤ – ƒ‘–Š‡” •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› „Ž‘  Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ•• ͶǤ
‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǡ Ž‘•‡• ͷͲΨ ‘ˆ ‹–• Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡”„Ž‘  ‘‡•–‘”‡•–ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
‡‡”‰›‹ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ƒ†”‡„‘—†•–‘–Š‡•ƒ‡ Š‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡”„Ž‘ ‹•
Š‡‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜Ͳ‹•ǣ ˜ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ ”‡•–‹–—–‹‘
ȋƒ‡‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ ȋ‡Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ͳͲȀ• ȋʹȌͳͶȀ• ȋͳȌͲǤͷ ȋʹȌͲǤʹͷ ȋ͵ȌͲǤͺ ȋͶȌͲǤͶ
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹͲȀ• ȋͶȌʹͺȀ• PSC080
PSC076 NEET(UG) 2019
4.  ƒ ˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡•• •—”ˆƒ ‡ǡƒ „Ž‘  ‘ˆ ƒ••Ǥ 
8. ‘†›  ‘ˆ ƒ•• Ͷ ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š •’‡‡† u
‘˜‹‰ ƒ– •’‡‡† ˜ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡• ‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ› ™‹–Š
‘ŽŽ‹†‡•™‹–Šƒ‘–Š‡”„‘†›‘ˆƒ••ʹǡƒ–
ƒ‘–Š‡” „Ž‘  ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ƒ••  ™Š‹ Š ‹•
”‡•–Ǥ Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‹• Š‡ƒ† ‘ ƒ† ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‹
‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–Ǥˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘–Š‡ˆ‹”•–„Ž‘ 
ƒ–—”‡Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ‘ˆ
‘˜‡•ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡T –‘‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘ƒ†
‡‡”‰›Ž‘•–„›–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹†‹‰„‘†›‹•ǣ
˜
Šƒ•ƒ•’‡‡† ǤŠ‡•‡ ‘†„Ž‘ ̵••’‡‡†ƒˆ–‡” ͳ ͺ
͵ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘‹•ǣǦ ͻ ͻ
͵ Ͷ ͷ
͵ ʹ ʹ ͵ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ ˜ ȋʹȌ ˜ ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ȋͶȌ ˜ ͻ ͻ
ʹ ͵ Ͷ ʹ
PSC081
PSC077
[ 78 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha) ȋͳȌ ʹȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ
9.  ‘„Œ‡ – ˆŽ›‹‰ ‹ ƒ‹” ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹ Ͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ ȋͶȌ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ
ʹͲ‹ƶ  ʹͷŒƶ  ͳʹƶ •—††‡Ž› „”‡ƒ• ‹ –™‘ ͵ ͵
’‹‡ ‡•™Š‘•‡ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ͳǣͷǤŠ‡ PSC085
•ƒŽŽ‡” ƒ•• ˆŽ‹‡• ‘ˆˆ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› NEET(UG) 2022
13. ™‘ ‘„Œ‡ –• ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͳͲ ‰ ƒ† ʹͲ ‰
ͳͲͲ‹ƶ  ͵ͷŒƶ  ͺƶ Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡” ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ”‡ ‘‡ –‡†–‘–Š‡–™‘‡†•‘ˆ
’‹‡ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ ƒ ”‹‰‹† ”‘† ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ͳͲ  ™‹–Š ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡
ƒ••ǤŠ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋͳȌ Ͷ‹ƶ  ʹ͵Œƶ  ͳ͸ƶ ȋʹȌ ͳͲͲ‹ƶ  ͵ͷŒƶ  ͺƶ
•›•–‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ͳͲ‰ƒ••‹•ǣ
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹͲ‹ƶ  ͳͷŒƶ  ͺͲƶ ȋͶȌ ʹͲ‹ƶ  ͳͷŒƶ  ͺͲƶ ʹͲ
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌͳͲ
PSC082 ͵
10. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ͷƒ–”‡•–•—††‡Ž›„”‡ƒ• ͳͲ
ȋ͵Ȍͷ ȋͶȌ 
‘ ‹–• ‘™ ‹–‘ –Š”‡‡ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•Ǥ ™‘ ͵
ˆ”ƒ‰‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‡ƒ Š ‘˜‡ ƒŽ‘‰ PSC086
—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹”‡ –‹‘™‹–Š•’‡‡† 14.  •Š‡ŽŽ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• ƒ– ”‡•– ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›Ǥ –
˜ ‡ƒ ŠǤ Š‡ ‡‡”‰› ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹–‘–Š”‡‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ••‹
’”‘ ‡••‹•ǣ –Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ʹǣ ʹǣͳǤ ˆ–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•Šƒ˜‹‰‡“—ƒŽ
͵ ͷ ƒ•• ˆŽ› ‘ˆˆ ƒŽ‘‰ —–—ƒŽŽ› ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
ȋͳȌ ˜ ʹ ȋʹȌ ˜ ʹ
ͷ ͵ †‹”‡ –‹‘•™‹–Š•’‡‡†˜ǡ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹”†
͵ Ͷ ȋŽ‹‰Š–‡”Ȍˆ”ƒ‰‡–‹•
ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ʹ ȋͶȌ ˜ʹ
ʹ ͵ ȋͳȌ ʹ Q ȋʹȌ ʹ ʹ Q
PSC083 ȋ͵Ȍ ͵ ʹ Q  ȋͶȌQ
NEET(UG) 2020
PSC087
11. ™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͷ ‰ ƒ† ͳͲ ‰ RE-NEET(UG) 2022
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ”‡ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘–Š‡–™‘‡†•‘ˆƒ 15. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ǣ ‘‡ ‹•
”‹‰‹†”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͳ™‹–Š‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ƒ••Ǥ Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• ••‡”–‹‘ ȋȌ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹•
Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•‡ƒ•‘ȋȌǡ
ͷ‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆǣ ••‡”–‹‘ȋȌǣ
ȋͳȌͺͲ  ȋʹȌ͵͵  Š‡ƒˆ‹”‡ ”ƒ ‡”ȋ”‘ ‡–Ȍ‡š’Ž‘†‡•‹‹†ƒ‹”ǡ
ȋ͵ȌͷͲ  ȋͶȌ͸͹  ‹–•ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•ˆŽ›‹•— Šƒ™ƒ›–Šƒ––Š‡› ‘–‹—‡
PSC084 ‘˜‹‰‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’ƒ–Šǡ™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆ‹”‡ ”ƒ ‡”
NEET(UG) 2020 (COVID-19) ™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†ǡŠƒ†‹–‘–‡š’Ž‘†‡†Ǥ
12. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•’Š‡”‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ǡƒ”‡ ‡ƒ•‘ȋȌǣ
’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ š’Ž‘•‹‘ ‘ˆ ”ƒ ‡” ȋ”‘ ‡–Ȍ ‘ —”• †—‡ –‘
™‹–Š —–—ƒŽŽ› ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” •‹†‡• ‡“—ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‘Ž›ƒ†‘‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•
–‘ ʹ  ȋ•‡‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌǤ ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˆ‘”–Š‹•‡š’Ž‘•‹‘Ǥ
‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”  –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
•‹†‡•ƒ•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ǡˆ‹†–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ ‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
ȋͳȌ‘–ŠȋȌƒ†ȋȌƒ”‡ ‘””‡ –ƒ†ȋȌ‹•–Š‡
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆȋȌ
 ȋʹȌ‘–ŠȋȌƒ†ȋȌƒ”‡ ‘””‡ –„—–ȋȌ‹•‘–
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆȋȌ
ʹ
ȋ͵ȌȋȌ‹• ‘””‡ –„—–ȋȌ‹•‘– ‘””‡ –
 ȋͶȌȋȌ‹•‘– ‘””‡ –„—–ȋȌ‹• ‘””‡ –
 ʹ PSC088

[Link] [ 79 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
RE-NEET(UG) 2023 NEET(UG) 2024
16.  „—ŽŽ‡– ‘ˆ ƒ••  Š‹–• ƒ „Ž‘  ‘ˆ ƒ••  18. ™‘ „‘†‹‡•  ƒ†  ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ƒ•• —†‡”‰‘
‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‡” ‘ˆ ‡‡”‰› ‹• –Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›‹‡Žƒ•–‹ ‘‡Ǧ†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
ƒš‹—ǡ™Š‡ǣ
Š‡„‘†›‘˜‡•™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Qͳ ™Š‹Ž‡„‘†›
ȋͳȌᏠȋʹȌαʹ
ȋ͵Ȍδδ ȋͶȌεε ‹•ƒ–”‡•–„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡
PSC097 •›•–‡ ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‹• QʹǤ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ Qͳ ǣ Qʹ
17. ™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–ǡ‘˜‡ ‹•ǣ
–‘™ƒ”†• ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” —†‡” —–—ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ ȋͳȌͳǣʹ
ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘Ǥ–ƒ‹•–ƒ ‡™Š‡–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ
ȋʹȌʹǣͳ
‹•˜ƒ†•’‡‡†‘ˆ‹•͵˜ǡ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ ‡–”‡
‘ˆƒ••‹•ǣ ȋ͵Ȍ Ͷǣͳ
ȋͳȌʹ˜ ȋʹȌœ‡”‘ ȋͶȌͳǣͶ
ȋ͵Ȍ˜ ȋͶȌͶ˜ PSC099
PSC098

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 2 3 2 1 4 2 2 1 4 4 3 1 2 4
Question 16 17 18
Answer 1 2 2

[ 80 ] [Link]
Collisions and Centre of Mass ALLEN
Exercise – III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding
1. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• 4.  ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡ ‹• ’”‘Œ‡ –‡† ƒ– ƒ •’‡‡† — ƒ– ƒ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ƒ‰Ž‡T ™‹–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤ––Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘‹–
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡ •’Ž‹–• ‹–‘ –™‘ ˆ”ƒ‰‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ••
Assertion (A) : ™‘ „Ž‘ • ‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ Ƭ ”ƒ–‹‘ ͳ ǣ ʹǤ Š‡ •ƒŽŽ‡” ˆ”ƒ‰‡– ‘‹‰ –‘
ʹ ƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡‘™‘˜‹‰–‘™ƒ”†• ”‡•–ǤŠ‡ ‘•‹†‡”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣǦ
‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”—†‡”ƒ—–—ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ‡ ȋȌ ƒ‰‹˜‡–‹‡„‘–Š’ƒ”–•™‹ŽŽ ‘˜‡”‡“—ƒŽ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ
Reason (R) : ˆ‘‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•‘–Š‡ ȋȌ ‘ˆ–™‘ˆ”ƒ‰‡–•™‹ŽŽˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡•ƒ‡
•›•–‡ǡ –Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ’ƒ–Šƒ•–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†‹ˆ
”‡ƒ‹•— Šƒ‰‡†„—– ƒ‡˜‡”„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ ‘–‡š’Ž‘†‡†Ǥ
ȋȌ ‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†‹˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
†‹”‡ –‹‘‘Ž›Ǥ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹• ‘””‡ –ǫ
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
ȋͳȌǡǡ ȋʹȌǡ ȋ͵Ȍǡ ȋͶȌǡ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡
PSC093
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ 5. ƒ– Š–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘Ž—•™‹–Š”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ’‘•‹–‹‘•‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǧ
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ Column – I Column - II
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ȋȌ ȋȌ ͵
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ š š
ͺ
PSC089 —‹ˆ‘””‘†Ž‡‰–Šα
2. Š‹ Š‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•–”—‡Ǥ ȋȌ ȋȌ 
š  š
ȋͳȌ‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‹•‹†‡–Š‡ ʹ
„‘†›Ǥ —‹ˆ‘”–Š‹
ȋʹȌ ƒ••—•–„‡’”‡•‡–’Š›•‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ–Ǥ •‡‹ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ  ‘ˆ –™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ •›•–‡ ‹• Ž‘•‡” –‘ ”ƒ†‹—•
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹–Š‰”‡ƒ–‡”ƒ••Ǥ ȋȌ ȋȌ Ͷ
ȋͶȌ ŽŽƒ„‘˜‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ”‡–”—‡Ǥ š  š
͵S
PSC091 —‹ˆ‘”•‡‹ ‹” —Žƒ”
3. Š‹ Š‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ †‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•
ȋͳȌ  ‹ ƒ ‡Žƒ•–‹  ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ȋȌ ȋȌ ʹ
„‘†‹‡• ”‡ƒ‹• •ƒ‡ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ† ƒˆ–‡” š š
S
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ
ȋʹȌ Š‡”‡ƒ›‘”ƒ›‘–„‡’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‘–ƒ – —‹ˆ‘”•‘Ž‹†
„‡–™‡‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘–‘‘ —”Ǥ Š‡‹•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•
ȋ͵Ȍ  ‘ˆ –™‘ ‘„Œ‡ – •›•–‡ ”‡ƒ‹• ȋͳȌ ǣǡǣǡǣǡǣ
‘•‡”˜‡† †—”‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘ ‹ ‡Žƒ•–‹  ȋʹȌǣǡǣǡǣǡǣ
‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ ǣ ǡǣǡǣǡǣ
ȋͶȌ ǣǡǣǡǣǡǣ
ȋͶȌ ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
PSC095
PSC092

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 3 3 3 2 3

[Link] [ 81 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Importantt Notess

[ 82 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN

Chapter No. 03

ROTATIONAL MOTION
Contents Page No.
–”‘†— –‹‘ ͺͷ

‹‡ƒ–‹ •‘ˆ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘ ͺ͹

‘‡–‘ˆ ‡”–‹ƒˆ‘”‹• ”‡–‡›•–‡‘ˆƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ͺͻ

‘‡–‘ˆ ‡”–‹ƒˆ‘”‹’Ž‡ ‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ„Œ‡ –• ͻͲ
‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”š‹•Š‡‘”‡ ͻͶ
ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žš‹•Š‡‘”‡ ͻͷ

ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ›”ƒ–‹‘ ͻͺ
‘‡–‘ˆƒ ‘” ‡Ǧ‘”“—‡ ͻͻ

“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‘ˆ‹‰‹†‘†‹‡• ͳͲ͵
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ͳͲͺ
‡™–‘̵•ʹ† ƒ™‹‘–ƒ–‹‘ ͳͳʹ

‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ȋȌ ͳͳ͵
‘”ǡ‘™‡”ƒ†‡”‰›‹‘–ƒ–‹‘ ͳͳͷ
ሬԦȌƒ†‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ȋ ͳͳͷ
–”‘†— –‹‘–‘—”‡‘ŽŽ‹‰ ͳͳͻ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳ͵ʹ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ”‡˜‹‘—•‡ƒ”•—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳͶʹ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳͶ͸

NEET SYLLABUS
Moment of a force,-torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples.
Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equation of rotational motion, comparison of linear and

[Link] [ 83 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects
(no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.

STEPHEN WILLIAM HAWKING

”‹–‹•Š ‘•‘Ž‘‰‹•– –‡’Š‡ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ ƒ™‹‰ ™ƒ• „‘” ‹ ‰Žƒ† ‘
ƒǤ ͺǡ ͳͻͶʹ Ȃ ͵ͲͲ ›‡ƒ”• –‘ –Š‡ †ƒ› ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ †‡ƒ–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ•–”‘‘‡” ƒŽ‹Ž‡‘
ƒŽ‹Ž‡‹Ǥ ‡ƒ––‡†‡†‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡšˆ‘”†ǡ™Š‡”‡Š‡•–—†‹‡†’Š›•‹ •ǡ†‡•’‹–‡
Š‹• ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ• —”‰‹‰ –‘ ˆ‘ —• ‘ ‡†‹ ‹‡Ǥ ƒ™‹‰ ™‡– ‘ –‘ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ –‘
”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘•‘Ž‘‰›ǡ–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡—‹˜‡”•‡ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥ ‡ƒ”Ž›ͳͻ͸͵ǡŒ—•–•Š›
‘ˆŠ‹•ʹͳ•–„‹”–Š†ƒ›ǡ ƒ™‹‰™ƒ•†‹ƒ‰‘•‡†™‹–Š‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘”‡
‘‘Ž›‘™ƒ•‘— ‡Š”‹‰ǯ•†‹•‡ƒ•‡‘”ƒ›‘–”‘’Š‹ Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ• Ž‡”‘•‹•ȋȌǤ
‡ ™ƒ• ‘– ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ Ž‹˜‡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ –™‘ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ ‘’Ž‡–‹‰ Š‹• †‘ –‘”ƒ–‡ †‹† ‘– ƒ’’‡ƒ” Ž‹‡Ž›Ǥ ‡–ǡ
ƒ™‹‰†‡ˆ‹‡†–Š‡‘††•ǡ‘–‘Ž›ƒ––ƒ‹‹‰Š‹•ŠǤǤ„—–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘”‰‹‰‡™”‘ƒ†•‹–‘–Š‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ
–Š‡—‹˜‡”•‡‹–Š‡†‡ ƒ†‡••‹ ‡Ǥ•–Š‡†‹•‡ƒ•‡•’”‡ƒ†ǡ ƒ™‹‰„‡ ƒ‡Ž‡••‘„‹Ž‡ƒ†„‡‰ƒ—•‹‰ƒ
™Š‡‡Ž Šƒ‹”ǤƒŽ‹‰‰”‡™‘”‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ƒ†ǡ‹ͳͻͺͷǡƒ‡‡”‰‡ ›–”ƒ Š‡‘–‘› ƒ—•‡†Š‹•–‘–ƒŽŽ‘••
‘ˆ •’‡‡ ŠǤ  •’‡‡ Š ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ †‡˜‹ ‡ ‘•–”— –‡† ƒ– ƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡ ‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š ƒ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ
•‡”˜‡•ƒ•Š‹•‡Ž‡ –”‘‹ ˜‘‹ ‡–‘†ƒ›ǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ™‹‰–‘•‡Ž‡ –Š‹•™‘”†•„›‘˜‹‰–Š‡—• Ž‡•‹Š‹•
Š‡‡Ǥ–‡’Š‡ ƒ™‹‰‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–„”‹ŽŽ‹ƒ––Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ’Š›•‹ ‹•–•‹Š‹•–‘”›Ǥ ‹•™‘”
‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹•ƒ†•–”— –—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡—‹˜‡”•‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‡‹‰ƒ‰–‘„Žƒ Š‘Ž‡•ǡŠƒ•”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‹œ‡†–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ

ANIL KAKODKAR

‘”‹ͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ͳͻͶ͵ǡ”Ǥ‹Žƒ‘†ƒ”‹•ƒˆƒ‘—•‹†‹ƒ— Ž‡ƒ”• ‹‡–‹•–Ǥ

—””‡–Ž›Š‡ǯ•–Š‡ Šƒ‹”ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘‹ ‡‡”‰› ‘‹••‹‘‘ˆ †‹ƒȋ Ȍƒ†
–Š‡‡ ”‡–ƒ”›–‘–Š‡ ‘˜‡”‡–‘ˆ †‹ƒǡ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ–‘‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ ‡™ƒ•
ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Šƒ„Šƒ –‘‹  ‡•‡ƒ” Š ‡–”‡ ƒ– ”‘„ƒ›Ǥ ‹Ž
ƒ‘†ƒ”ƒŽ•‘Šƒ•–Š‡ ”‡†‹–‘ˆ„‡‹‰ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”‡–‡ƒ‘ˆƒ” Š‹–‡ –ǯ•‘ˆ
†‹ƒǯ• ‡ƒ ‡ˆ—Ž — Ž‡ƒ” ‡•–• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ‘†— –‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ›‡ƒ”• ͳͻ͹Ͷ ƒ†
ͳͻͻͺǤ‹Žƒ‘†ƒ”‡ˆˆ‘”–•‹–Š‡”‡Šƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘”‡ƒ –‘”•ƒ–ƒŽ’ƒƒ
ƒ†–Š‡ˆ‹”•–—‹–ƒ–ƒ™ƒ–„Šƒ––ƒ‹•‘–‡™‘”–Š›ƒ•‹–™‡”‡ƒ„‘—––‘ Ž‘•‡†‘™Ǥ 
–Š‡›‡ƒ”ͳͻͻ͸ǡ‹Žƒ‘†ƒ”„‡ ƒ‡–Š‡›‘—‰‡•–‹”‡ –‘”‘ˆƒˆ–‡” ‘‹Šƒ„ŠƒŠ‹•‡ŽˆǤ”Ǥ‹Ž
ƒ‘†ƒ”Šƒ•„‡‡’Žƒ›‹‰ƒ ”— ‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹†‡ƒ†‹‰•‘˜‡”‡‹‰–›ˆ‘” †‹ƒǯ•— Ž‡ƒ”–‡•–•Ǥ

[ 84 ] [Link]
 03 Rotational Motion

Introduction
Rigid body
”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•ƒƒ••‡„Žƒ‰‡‘ˆƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š†‘‘– Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”—–—ƒŽ
†‹•–ƒ ‡•—†‡”ƒ› ‹” —•–ƒ ‡‘”‹‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ–Š‡„‘†›‹•‘–†‡ˆ‘”‡†—†‡”ƒ› ‹” —•–ƒ ‡Ǥ
 –—ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ„‘†‹‡•ƒ”‡‡˜‡”’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›”‹‰‹†ƒ†ƒ”‡†‡ˆ‘”‡†—†‡”–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ǤŠ‡
–Š‡•‡ †‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ •ƒŽŽ ‡‘—‰Š ‘– –‘ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘—”•‡ ‘ˆ ‘–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ „‘†› ‹•
ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡƒŽŽ•‘Ž‹†‘„Œ‡ –••— Šƒ••–‘‡ǡ„ƒŽŽǡ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡•‡– ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•”‹‰‹†
„‘†‹‡•™Š‹Ž‡ƒƒŽ›•‹‰ –Š‡‹”–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘Ǥ
Rotational motion of a rigid body
›‹†‘ˆ‘–‹‘‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„› Šƒ‰‡‹’‘•‹–‹‘‘” Šƒ‰‡‹‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘‘” Šƒ‰‡‹„‘–ŠǤ ˆƒ„‘†›
Šƒ‰‡•‹–•‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘†—”‹‰‹–•‘–‹‘‹–•ƒ‹†–‘„‡‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘Ǥ
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‹‰—”‡•ǡƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡‹••Š‘™‘˜‹‰‹–Š‡šǦ›’Žƒ‡ǤŠ‡’‘‹–‹•‹–• ‡–”‡‘ˆ
ƒ••Ǥ –Š‡ˆ‹”•– ƒ•‡‹–†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡‹–•‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹•‹’—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘–‹‘Ǥ –Š‡
•‡ ‘† ƒ•‡‹– Šƒ‰‡•‹–•‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘†—”‹‰‹–•‘–‹‘Ǥ –‹•ƒ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘–‹‘Ǥ
› ‡™
› T ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘
 T 
–ΪG– Ȉ
– Ȉ 
Ȉ
Ȉ  –ΪG– ”‹‰‹ƒŽ
– ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘

š š
 —”‡”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ 
‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘
‘–ƒ–‹‘‹Ǥ‡Ǥ Šƒ‰‡‹‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘‹•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ ŠƒŽ‹‡ƒ”†‹‡•‹‘‘”ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–
Ž‹‡†”ƒ™‘–Š‡„‘†›–—”•Ǥ –Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡–Š‹•ƒ‰Ž‡‹••Š‘™„›TǤ
Types of motions involving rotation
‘–‹‘‘ˆ„‘†›‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡ Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†‹–‘ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‡‡ ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•Ǥ
I. ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•Ǥ
II. ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
III. ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘
Rotation about a fixed axis
‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‡‹Ž‹‰ˆƒǡ‘’‡‹‰ƒ† Ž‘•‹‰‘ˆ†‘‘”•ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡‡†Ž‡•‘ˆƒ™ƒŽŽ Ž‘ ‡– Ǥ ‘‡‹–‘
–Š‹• ƒ–‡‰‘”›Ǥ
Š‡ƒ ‡‹Ž‹‰ˆƒ”‘–ƒ–‡•ǡ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ”‘†•—’’‘”–‹‰‹–”‡ƒ‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ƒ†ƒŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘–Š‡ˆƒ
‘˜‡‘ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•Ǥ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘‘‡‘ˆ‹–•„Žƒ†‡•‹••Š‘™„›†‘––‡† ‹” Ž‡Ǥ‡–”‡•
‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›‡˜‡”› ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ Ž‹‡ ‘–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽŽ‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡”‘†ǤŠ‹• ‡–”ƒŽŽ‹‡‹•‘™
ƒ•–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹••Š‘™„›ƒ†ƒ•Š‡†Ž‹‡ǤŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ–”‡•–ǡ
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒš‹•‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ƒ†–Š‡ˆƒ‹•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‹•ˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•Ǥ
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ALLEN NEET : Physics

‘‘”
‡‹Ž‹‰ ƒ


š‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ š‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘

†‘‘””‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ‹‡–Šƒ–’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š‹–•Š‹‰‡•ǤŠ‹•˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ‹‡‹•–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹••Š‘™„›†ƒ•Š‡†Ž‹‡Ǥ
Axis of rotation
 ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”› Ž‹‡ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š• ‘ˆ š‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ ‡–”‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡
‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•‹•‘™ƒ•ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
–‹•‘–‡ ‡••ƒ”›–Šƒ––Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†’ƒ••–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ
‘•‹†‡” ƒ •›•–‡ •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ „Ž‘  ‹• ˆ‹š‡† ‘ ƒ
”‘–ƒ–‹‰†‹• ǤŠ‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• „—–‘––Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡„Ž‘ Ǥ
Important observations
‡–—• ‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‘ˆƒ”„‹–”ƒ”›•Šƒ’‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•
’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ™‘‘ˆ‹–•’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡•Š‘™‘˜‹‰‘
–Š‡‹” ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•Ǥ
ŽŽ‹–•’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ‘–Ž›‹‰‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ‘˜‡ƒŽ‘‰ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•
™‹–Š ‡–”‡•‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘””‘–ƒ–‹‘ǤŽŽ–Š‡•‡ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•ƒ”‡‹’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž
’Žƒ‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›—†‡”‰‘•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹–Š‡•ƒ‡
–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†
ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‹‰‘ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š•‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”ƒ†‹‹‘˜‡™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•’‡‡†•ƒ††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‰‹–—†‡•
‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ‘–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’Žƒ‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
Šƒ˜‡•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘˜‡ –‘”•Ǥ
Rotation about an axis in translation
‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‹ Ž—†‡•ƒ„”‘ƒ† ƒ–‡‰‘”›‘ˆ‘–‹‘•Ǥ‘ŽŽ‹‰‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‹•
‹†‘ˆ‘–‹‘Ǥ
‘•‹†‡”–Š‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘ˆ™Š‡‡Ž•‘ˆƒ˜‡Š‹ Ž‡ǡ‘˜‹‰‘•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‡˜‡ŽŽ‡†”‘ƒ†ǤŠ‡™Š‡‡Žƒ’’‡ƒ”•”‘–ƒ–‹‰
ƒ„‘—–‹–••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ƒšŽ‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ˆ”ƒ‡ǡƒ––ƒ Š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡ǤŠ‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž
ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†ˆ”‘–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ‡‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•Ǥ‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡
ˆ”ƒ‡ˆ‹š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‘—†ǡ–Š‡™Š‡‡Žƒ’’‡ƒ”•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘˜‹‰ƒšŽ‡ǡ
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ ™Š‡‡Ž ‹• •—’‡”’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ –™‘ •‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—• „—– †‹•–‹ –
‘–‹‘•Ȃ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒšŽ‡ˆ‹š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡ƒ†–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒšŽ‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡Ǥ

[ 86 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Rotation about an axis in rotation.
–Š‹•‹†‘ˆ‘–‹‘ǡ–Š‡„‘†›”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹–—””‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–•‘‡‘–Š‡”ƒš‹•ǤƒŽ›•‹•
‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒš‡•‹•„‡›‘†‘—”• ‘’‡ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡™‡•ŠƒŽŽ‡‡’‘—”†‹• —••‹‘‡Ž‡‡–ƒ”›
Ž‡˜‡Ž‘Ž›Ǥ
•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰–‘’ǤŠ‡–‘’”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–‹–• ‡–”ƒŽƒš‹•
‘ˆ•›‡–”›ƒ†–Š‹•ƒš‹••™‡‡’•ƒ ‘‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽƒš‹•ǤŠ‡ ‡–”ƒŽƒš‹•
‘–‹—‘—•Ž› Šƒ‰‡•‹–•‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‹•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘ǤŠ‹•
–›’‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‘”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ†•™‡‡’•‘—–ƒ
‘‡‹•‘™ƒ•’”‡ ‡••‹‘Ǥ
‘–Š‡”‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ•™‹‰‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡Ǧˆƒ
™Š‹Ž‡”—‹‰Ǥƒ„Ž‡Ǧˆƒ”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–‹–••Šƒˆ–ƒŽ‘‰™Š‹ Š‹–•ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
’ƒ••‡•ǤŠ‡”—‹‰•™‹‰•ǡ‹–••Šƒˆ–”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ƒš‹•Ǥ
Note: ƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ›’‘‹–™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥƒ›‘–Š‡”’‘‹–‹• ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›Ǥ
Illustration 1
‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ǡƒŽŽ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡™‹–Š
ȋͳȌ•ƒ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ȋʹȌ•ƒ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ††‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•Ƭ•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•
ȋͶȌ™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ƭ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•Ǥ
Solution: ȋ͵Ȍ
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›ƒŽŽ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‘˜‡”–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–•‹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”
‹–‡”˜ƒŽǤ‘ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡•ƒ‡Ǥ—–Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•ƒŽ•‘†‡’‡†‡–‘–Š‡
†‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒš‹• ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ •‘Ž‹‡ƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ƒ•–Š‡
†‹•–ƒ ‡•ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ
Kinematics of Rotational Motion
Comparison of Linear Motion and Rotational Motion
Linear Motion Rotational Motion
ȋ‹Ȍ ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•Ͳǡ˜α ‘•–ƒ–Ƭ •α˜– ȋ‹Ȍ ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•ͲǡZ α ‘•–ƒ–Ƭ T αZ–
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒα ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘D α ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡
ȋ—  ˜Ȍ ˜ — ȋZͲ  ZȌ Z  ZͲ
ȋƒȌ • – ȋ„Ȍ ƒ ȋƒȌ T – ȋ„Ȍ D
ʹ – ʹ –
ͳ ͳ
ȋ Ȍ˜α—Ϊƒ– ȋ†Ȍ•α—–Ϊ ƒ–ʹ ȋ ȌZ αZͲ ΪD– ȋ†ȌT αZͲ–Ϊ D–ʹ
ʹ ʹ
ƒ D
ȋ‡Ȍ˜ʹ α—ʹ Ϊʹƒ• ȋˆȌ Sn th α—Ϊ ȋʹ  ͳȌ ȋ‡ȌZʹ αZͲʹ ΪʹDT ȋˆȌ Tn th αZͲ Ϊ ȋʹ  ͳȌ
ʹ ʹ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ˆ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘– ‘•–ƒ–ǡ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘– ‘•–ƒ–ǡ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡
‡“—ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ –Š‹• ƒ•‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ –Š‹• ƒ•‡
†• †T
ȋƒȌ ˜ ȋƒȌ Z
†– †–
†˜ †ʹ• †˜ †Z †ʹT †Z
ȋ„Ȍ ƒ ʹ
˜ ȋ„Ȍ D Z
†– †– †• †– †– ʹ
†T
x ƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ǡƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ›’‘‹–™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ ƒ›‘–Š‡”’‘‹–‹• ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›Ǥ

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 2
™Š‡‡Ž‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥ –‹••—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘ƒ—‹ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ʹǤͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹǤ
ȋƒȌŠƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‘‡•–Š‡™Š‡‡Žƒ “—‹”‡ƒˆ–‡”ͳͲ•ǫ
ȋ„Ȍ ‘™ƒ›”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•™‹ŽŽ‹–ƒ‡‹–Š‹•–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽǫ
Solution:
Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‹•‹—‹ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡ ‡Ȃ
Z αZͲ ΪD–
Z αʹΪʹέͳͲαʹʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•
ͳ
T Z‘  Z –
ʹ
ͳ
T ʹ  ʹʹ ͳͲ ͳʹͲ”ƒ†Ǥ
ʹ
‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž”‘–ƒ–‡•–Š”‘—‰ŠʹS ”ƒ†‹ƒ•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ ‘’Ž‡–‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•‹•ǡ
T ͳʹͲ
 | ͳͻ
ʹS ʹS
Illustration 3
ƶ ƒ†‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋZȌȌ ‹• ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  Ȍ
”Ȍ ‘ˆƒ’‘‹–‹• ȋ‹ƶ  ʹŒƶ  ͵Ȍ
ˆ–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘” ȋ”Ȍ ƶ ”ƒ†Ȁ•ǡ–Š‡
ˆ‹†–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
Solution:
ƶ‹ ƶŒ ƶ
ƶ
‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ ˜ Zu ” ͳ ͳ ͳ ȋ ͷ‹ƶ  ʹŒƶ  ͵Ȍ Ȁ•
ͳ ʹ ͵

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1.  ƒ”Šƒ•™Š‡‡Ž•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤ͵Ͳƒ†‹•–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‹‰ƒ–͵͸Ȁ•ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ǣǦ
ȋƒȌ –Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡ŽǤ
ȋ„Ȍ ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž•†‡• ”‹„‡ͶͲ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘‹‰–‘”‡•–™‹–Šƒ—‹ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ ˆ‹†‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ȋ‹‹Ȍ –Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘˜‡”‡†Ǥ
PRM168
2.  Š‹Ž†̵•–‘’‹••’—™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘D αͶ–͵ Ȃ ͵–ʹ Ϊʹ–™Š‡”‡–‹•‹•‡ ‘†•ƒ†D ‹•‹
”ƒ†‹ƒ•’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǧ•“—ƒ”‡Ǥ––αͲǡ–Š‡–‘’Šƒ•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ZͲ αʹ”ƒ†Ȁ•ƒ†ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ž‹‡
‘‹–‹•ƒ–ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘TͲ αͳ”ƒ†Ǥ
Statement I : š’”‡••‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Z ʹ  – ʹ  – ͵  – Ͷ ”ƒ†Ȁ•
Statement II : š’”‡••‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”’‘•‹–‹‘ T ͳ  ʹ–  ͵– ʹ  Ͷ– ͵ ”ƒ†
ȋȌŽ›•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ‹•–”—‡ ȋȌŽ›•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ‹•–”—‡
ȋȌ‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–”—‡ ȋȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡–”—‡
PRM169
3. ƒ ‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ǣǦ
ȋȌ –Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–ƒ–‘–Š‡”’Žƒ ‡•
ȋȌ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”‹•‘”‡–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–’‘Ž‡•
ȋȌ –Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ ‡•‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•‡“—ƒŽǡ„—–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ȋȌ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ”‡—‹ˆ‘”ƒ–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ ‡•
PRM170
4. ”‘–ƒ–‹‰”‘†•–ƒ”–•ˆ”‘”‡•–ƒ†ƒ “—‹”‡•ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•’‡‡†α͸ͲͲ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•Ȁ‹—–‡‹
ʹ•‡ ‘†•™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†‹•ǣǦ
ȋȌͳͲS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌͷS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌͳͷS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
PRM171

[ 88 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Moment of Inertia for Discrete System of Particles
Ȉ Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‡”–›„›˜‹”–—‡‘ˆ™Š‹ Šƒ„‘†›”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒ ƒš‹•
ƒš‹• ‘’’‘•‡• ƒ› Šƒ‰‡ ‹ •–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘–‹‘ ‹• ‘™ ƒ•
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒǤ 
Ȉ Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘ƒƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹• ”
‡“—ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘†— – ‘ˆ ‹–• ƒ•• ƒ† –Š‡ •“—ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒš‹•Ǥ
Ꮤʹǡ”α’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
Ȉ ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ƒš‹•
‹• ”‡–‡
ͳ”ͳʹ  ʹ”ʹʹ  ͵”͵ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤ α ¦ ”ʹ „‘†›
”ͳ ͳ
Ȉ ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ†‡’‡†•‘ǣ ȋƒȌƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› ”ʹ
ȋ„Ȍƒ••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› ʹ
ȋ Ȍ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ”͵
Ȉ ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘ǣǦ ͵
ȋƒȌƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋ„Ȍ ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ Ȍ–‘”“—‡ ȋ†Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
‹–ǣ ǣ‰Ȃʹǡ  ǣ‰Ȃ ʹ
‹‡•‹‘ǣȏͳʹͲȐ
Ȉ •–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ••‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
Illustration 4
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒš‹•̵‹ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‹‰—”‡ǫ

Ͷ‰ ȋͲǡ͵Ȍ

̵ 

ʹ‰ ȋͲǡȂʹȌ

͵‰ ȋͲǡȂͶȌ
Solution:
šš̵ αͶέȋ͵Ȍʹ ΪʹέȋʹȌʹ Ϊ͵έȋͶȌʹ αͻʹ‰Ȃʹ

Illustration 5
αǫ
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ʹ‰ƒ†ͺ‰ƒ”‡–‹‡†ƒ––™‘‡†•‘ˆƒƒ••Ž‡••”‘† ʹͲ
‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠʹͲǤŠ‡ ‹† ‘ˆ•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š
ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ ʹ‰ 
ͺ‰
Solution:
ʹ” ͺ u ʹͲ
”ͳ α α αͳ͸
ͳ   ʹ ͳͲ
αǫ
ͳ ” ʹ u ʹͲ ”ͳ ”ʹ
”ʹ α α αͶ
ͳ   ʹ ͳͲ
ʹ‰ ʹͲ 
ͺ‰
αͳ”ͳʹ ڏʹ”ʹʹ αʹέȋͳ͸Ȍʹ ΪͺέȋͶȌʹ α͸ͶͲ‰Ǧʹ

[Link] [ 89 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Moment of Inertia for Simple Geometrical Objects
Moment of inertia for continuous mass distributions
Š‘‘•‡ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡Ž‡‡–ȋ‘ˆƒ••†Ȍ‘–Š‡„‘†›ǡƒ–ƒ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•ǤŠ‡
”ʹ†‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‘˜‡”–Š‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‹‹–•–‘ ‘˜‡”–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡„‘†›‰‹˜‡•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒǤ
 α³”ʹ†


†
”

Note: ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –™‘ ‘” ‘”‡ –Šƒ –™‘ „‘†‹‡• ƒ „‡ ƒ††‡† ‘” •—„–”ƒ –‡† ‘Ž› ™Š‡ ƒŽŽ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ”‡™”‹––‡™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘•ƒ‡ƒš‹•Ǥ
Moment of inertia of rod
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‘†ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ

ʹ
ƒ••ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•Ž‡‰–Šα
ͳʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ”‘†ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–•‡†ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘Ž‡‰–Š
ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†‹•̵̵ƬŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†‹•ǡƒ••‘ˆ‡Ž‡‡–‹•†–Š‡

† †š
 

 ª š͵ º

 ʹ
³ ” † ³ š
ʹ ʹ
†š « » š
Ͳ
  ¬ ͵ ¼Ͳ ͵ †š

‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‘†ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–•‘‡ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Šƒš‹•ȋ’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‘‡‡†Ȍ

† u †š

ǡ
† † u ȋš•‹ TȌʹ
 š•‹T
† u †š u šʹ •‹ʹ T

T
 ʹ  ʹ š
³ †Ž 
•‹ T³ š †š
Ͳ


 ʹ ª š͵ º ʹ
•‹ T « » •‹ʹ T
 ¬ ͵ ¼Ͳ ͵

[ 90 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Moment of inertia of ring
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡ƒ†
’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡αʹ † ǡ
† ᆏʹ 
᳆ ᳆ʹ
αʹ³†αʹ έ
αʹ
Moment of inertia of Disc
ͳ
„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡α  ʹ
ʹ
†αʹSšέ†š ȋ”‡ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰Šƒ˜‹‰”ƒ†‹—•ƒ•šƒ†–Š‹ ‡••†šȌ
 †š
† u †
S ʹ
 ʹ ǡ
† u ʹSš †š š †š
S ʹ
ʹ †š ʹSš
 ʹ ͵ š
³† ³ Ͳ ʹ
u š †š


ʹ ª š Ͷ º ʹ ª  Ͷ º ͳ ‹‰ȋ†Ȍ
« » ʹ «
 Ͳ»  ʹ
 ʹ ¬ Ͷ ¼Ͳ  ¬Ͷ ¼ ʹ
Moment of Inertia of Hollow cylinder
‘‡–‘ˆ ‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”ƒ„‘—–‹–•‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹–•Ž‡‰–Šαʹ

 ,

Moment of inertia of Solid cylinder

 ʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”ƒ„‘—–‹–•‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹–• Ž‡‰–Šα
ʹ
Moment of inertia of rectangular plate
„‘—–ƒƒš‹•–Šƒ–Ž‹‡•‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ–‡ƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘•Š‘”–‡”•‹†‡•

ȀͳͲ
 
‡–’Žƒ–‡„‡ ‘’”‹•‡†‘ˆ
„ ͳͲ–Š‹”‘ƒ†•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ȀͳͲ

ª§  · ʹ º ʹ
«¨ ¸ u » u ͳͲ
¬© ͳͲ ¹ ͵ ¼ ͵

[Link] [ 91 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Moment of inertia of rectangular plate
ʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•̵α
ͳʹ

,

,

 
„



ʹ

̵
ͳʹ
Moment of inertia of rectangular plate
„ʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•̵α
͵



„

̵ 
̵
„ʹ
̵
͵
Moment of inertia of rectangular plate
„ʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”’Žƒ–‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•̵α
ͳʹ


„

̵ 
̵

„ʹ
̵
ͳʹ
Moment of inertia of Solid sphere
,

ʹ 
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–”‹ ƒš‹•α  ʹ 
ͷ

[ 92 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Moment of inertia of Hollow sphere
,
‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡
ʹ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–”‹ ƒš‹•α  ʹ ǡ
͵

Illustration 6
 ‘ˆ‹‰ƒ† ‘ˆ†‹• ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡ƒ”‡•ƒ‡ǫ
Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡”ƒ†‹‹ǫ
Solution:
 ʹʹ
”‹‰ ‹•  ͳʹ
ʹ
 ͳʹ ͳ  ͳ
? Ÿ ͳ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥͳ ǣʹαͳǣ ʹ
 ʹʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ

Illustration 7
ˆ ͳǡ ʹ ƒ† ͵ ƒ”‡‘‡–•‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ǡŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ƒ†ƒ”‹‰‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•
ƒ„‘—–‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•ǡ™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–Š‘Ž†•‰‘‘†ǫ
ȋͳȌ ͳ ε ʹ ε ͵ ȋʹȌ ͵ ε ʹ ε ͳ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ε ͳ ε ͵ ȋͶȌ ʹ ε ͵ ε ͳ

Solution: ȋʹȌ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ α ଶ Ǣ ଶ ൌ ଶ Ǣ ͵ αʹ
ͷ ͵
Illustration 8
•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ†ƒŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ••Šƒ˜‡–Š‡•ƒ‡Ǥ Ǥƒ„‘—––Š‡‹””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ
ƒš‹•ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹‹™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ
Solution:
‰‹˜‡ •‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ α Š‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡

ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ”ʹ ͷ ”
Ÿ ”ͳ ”ʹ Ÿ ͳʹ Ÿ ͳ ͷǣ ͵
ͷ ͵ ”ʹ ͵ ”ʹ

Illustration 9
Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡ ‘ˆ†‹• ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡ƒ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‹ˆƒ••‘ˆ
†‹• „‡ ‘‡•ʹ–‹‡•ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ʹ–‹‡•
Solution:
ʹ
ʹ
̵αʹƬ̵αʹ
̵̵ʹ ȋʹȌuȋʹȌʹ ʹ u Ͷ ʹ  ʹ
̵ α α α u ͺ αͶʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ

[Link] [ 93 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
Theorem of perpendicular axes (applicable only for two dimensional bodies or plane lamina)
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒȋ Ȍ‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡Žƒ‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡•—
‘ˆ‹–•‘‡–•‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒ›–™‘—–—ƒŽŽ›’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡•‹‹–•‘™’Žƒ‡‹–‡”•‡ –‹‰‡ƒ Š
‘–Š‡”ƒ––Š‡’‘‹––Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‹•’ƒ••‡•Ǥ
œ α š Ϊ ›

œ œ

› ›
 

š š

Š‡”‡ǡ š α ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—–Ǧƒš‹•Ǣ › α ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—–Ǧƒš‹•Ǣ œ α ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—–Ǧƒš‹•

–‹•ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡‘Ž›ˆ‘”–™‘†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ„‘†‹‡•ƒ† ƒ‘–„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘”–Š”‡‡†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ„‘†‹‡•Ǥ
MOI of Ring about an axis passing through diameter of ring 

‡–‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰ƒ„‘—–‡ƒ Š†‹ƒ‡–‡”α,† ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥƒ†Ȍ

‘–Š–Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ƒ”‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹•’ƒ••‹‰ 

–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ”‹‰ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡ǡ

›–Š‡‘”‡‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡•Ǥ, Ϊ, α,

ͳ
‘” ,† Ϊ,† α, Ÿʹ,† αʹ Ÿ †  ʹ
ʹ
MOI of Disc About an axis passing through diameter of disc

‡–‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ƒ„‘—–‡ƒ Š†‹ƒ‡–‡”α,† ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥƒ†Ȍ
‘–Š–Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ƒ”‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ 

‡–”‡‘ˆ†‹• ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡ǡ

›–Š‡‘”‡‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡•Ǥ, Ϊ, α, 

ͳ
‘” ,† Ϊ,† α, Ÿ ʹ,† αʹȀʹ Ÿ †  ʹ
Ͷ
MOI of Rectangular Plate about an axis passing through centre and perpendicular to
the plane of rectangular plate
‡–—• ‘•‹†‡”šǡ›ƬœǦƒš‹•–‘„‡–Š”‡‡—–—ƒŽŽ›
ʹ „ʹ
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡•ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ ൌ ൅
ͳʹ ͳʹ
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”Žƒ‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡ ʹ
‡–”‘‹†ƒŽƒš‹•‹•, α,Ǥ ͳʹ
b
„ʹ L
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡šǦƒš‹•‹•ǡ 
„ʹ
ͳʹ ͳʹ
ʹ
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡›Ǧƒš‹•‹•ǡ 
ͳʹ
”‘’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡•–Š‡‘”‡ǡ α š Ϊ ›

  „
ʹ ʹ
ȋ  „ Ȍ
ʹ ʹ

ͳʹ ͳʹ

[ 94 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
MOI of a square plate about an axis passing through centre and ʹ
perpendicular to plane of the square plate. ͸

 ‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡ ʹ

ͳʹ
ʹ
ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡α
͸
ʹ
Ͷ̵ ͵̵ ͳʹ
ʹ̵
Š‡ ‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†•‹†‡̶̶ǡ
ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‡••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽŽ‡“—ƒŽǤ
ͳ 
ͳ̵ ʹ
Š—•ǡ,ͳͳ̵ α,ʹʹ̵ α ,͵͵̵ α,ͶͶ̵ α
ͳʹ
ʹ Ͷ
͵

MOI of Cube about an axis passing through centre of mass and perpendicular to its face
‹ ‡ —„‡Šƒ••‹‹Žƒ”ƒ••†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ••“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘ˆ —„‡ ଶ
ൌ
ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ ͸
„‡•ƒ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ•“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡
ʹ 
? 
͸
Illustration 10
Žƒ‹ƒŽ‹‡•‹–Š‡šǦœ’Žƒ‡Ǥ ˆ‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–šǦƒš‹•‹•ͶͲ‰ʹǡ
ƒ†ƒ„‘—–›Ǧƒš‹•‹•ͳʹͲ‰ǦʹǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–œǦƒš‹•Ǥ ,›
Solution: ,š
,› α,š Ϊ,œ
ͳʹͲαͶͲΪ,œ
,œ αͺͲ‰Ǧʹ œ

Illustration 11
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘ˆƒ—‹ˆ‘””‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”Žƒ‹ƒ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š͵ǡ„”‡ƒ†–Šʹ
ƒ†ƒ•• ͸‰ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‡–”‘‹†ƒŽƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ‹ƒǫ
Solution:
α͵ƒ†„αʹ
ȋʹ  „ʹ Ȍ ȋ͵Ȍʹ  ȋʹȌʹ ͻͶ ͳ͵
? ͸u α ͸Ǥͷ ‰ʹ
ͳʹ ͳʹ ʹ ʹ
Parallel Axis Theorem
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒ›ƒš‹•‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••’Ž—•’”‘†— –‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ†–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡
–™‘’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡•Ǥ
 α Ϊ†ʹ

 †

[Link] [ 95 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
, ᑏ‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
, ᑏ‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••
ƒ†‹•ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
Note: Š‹•Š‡‘”‡‹•˜ƒŽ‹†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–›’‡‘ˆ„‘†‹‡•Ǥ
Illustration 12
,
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ•’Š‡”‡‹•ͶͲ‰Ǧʹ ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–”‹ ƒš‹•Ǥ‡–‡”‹‡
–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒš‹•ǫ
Solution:
ʹ 
‹˜‡–Šƒ–  ʹ ͶͲ Ÿʹ αͳͲͲ‰ǦʹǤ 
ͷ
›–Š‡‘”‡‘ˆ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡•ǡ
ʹ ͹ ͹
α Ϊʹ α  ʹ   ʹ α  ʹ α u ͳͲͲ αͳͶͲ‰ȂʹǤ

ͷ ͷ ͷ ,
Illustration 13
‘—””‘†•ƒ”‡ƒ””ƒ‰‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‘ˆ”‘†•ƒ„‘—–
ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡ȋ••—‡–Šƒ–‡ƒ Š”‘†Šƒ•
ƒƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–ŠȌ

Solution: 
”‘’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡•–Š‡‘”‡ǡ

§·
ʹ
§ ʹ · ʹ Ͷ
αͶ  ΪͶ ¨ ¸ αͶ ¨ ¸ ΪͶ α ʹǤ
©ʹ¹ © ͳʹ ¹ Ͷ ͵ Ȁʹ
Ȁ

Illustration 14
Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‘† ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† Ž‡‰–Š  ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‘‡ ‡†‰‡ ƒ†
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‹•Ž‡‰–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ

Solution:

ʹ §·
ʹ
ʹ
•‹‰’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡•–Š‡‘”‡ α  Ϊ†ʹ  ¨ ¸
ͳʹ ©ʹ¹ ͵ Ȁʹ
Illustration 15
‘—”•’Š‡”‡•Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‹” ‡–”‡•‘ ȋǡ”Ȍ ȋǡ”Ȍ
–Š‡ ˆ‘—” ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ •“—ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ •‹†‡ ƒǤŠ‡ –Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡
•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•ƒŽ‘‰‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‹•
Solution:
 ƒ
ȋǡ”Ȍ
ȋǡ”Ȍ
ͳ ͵
ƒ
ƒ ȋǡ”Ȍ ȋǡ”Ȍ

ʹ ƒ Ͷ
ȋǡ”Ȍ
ȋǡ”Ȍ

ʹ ʹ §ʹ · §ʹ · ͺ
 ͳ  ʹ  ͵  Ͷ ”ʹ  ”ʹ  ¨ ”ʹ  ƒʹ ¸  ¨ ” ʹ  ƒ ʹ ¸ α ”ʹ Ϊʹƒʹ
ͷ ͷ ©ͷ ¹ ©ͷ ¹ ͷ

[ 96 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Illustration 16
 ǡ
•ƒŽŽ†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ‹•–ƒ‡‘—–ˆ”‘„‹‰†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†ƒ••
ʹ Ȁʹ
‹•
ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†–Š‡ ‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹‹‰’ƒ”–ƒ„‘—––Š‡‰‹˜‡ƒš‹•ǫ
Solution:
,”‡ƒ‹‹‰ α, ‘’Ž‡–‡ Ȃ ,”‡‘˜‡† ƒ„‘—–•ƒ‡ƒš‹•
 ʹ § ”ʹ ·
¨  ”ʹ ¸ Sʹ o 
ʹ © ʹ ¹
 ʹ ͵ ʹ 
 ” ͳo
ʹ ʹ S ʹ
ʹ ʹ
 ʹ ͵ §  ·§  · §·  S ʹ
 ¨ ¸¨ ¸ S¨ ¸ o ʹ u
ʹ ʹ © Ͷ ¹© ʹ ¹ ©ʹ¹ S Ͷ
 ʹ ͵ ʹ ͳ͵ ʹ 
 
ʹ ͵ʹ ͵ʹ Ͷ
Moment of inertia of Solid Cylinder
, ଶ ,
ǡ ൌ
ʹ , ୑୐మ ୑ୖమ ଶ ଶ
ൌ ൅ ൌ ൅
ଵଶ ସ ͵ Ͷ
ǡ
ǡ


ȋ‹Ȍ  ȋ‹‹Ȍ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ

 

Moment of inertia of Hollow Cylinder

,
ൌ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ǡ , ൌ ൅
ǡ ͳʹ ʹ

ȋ‹Ȍ  ȋ‹‹Ȍ


Illustration 17
™‘ ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• •ƒ†‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•ƒ†–Š‹ ‡••ȋ–Ȍ„—–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ•™‹–Š†‡•‹–‹‡•†୅ ƒ†
†୆ ሺ†୅ ൐ †୆ ሻǤ ˆ –Š‡‹” ‘‡–• ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ƒ† ‘”ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡
‹” —Žƒ”ˆƒ ‡•„‡ ୅ ƒ† ୆ǡ–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡, ƒ†, ‹•
Solution:
ƒ••α˜‘Ž—‡έ†‡•‹–›֜  ൌ ሺɎଶ –ሻ† ǥȋ‹Ȍ
Š‡”‡–‹•–Š‹ ‡••
ʹ
ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ
ʹ ͳ
”‘ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍǡ™‡‰‡–ǣ Ÿ v Ÿ   
ʹS†– †

[Link] [ 97 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Radius of Gyration
Š‡ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ„‘†›‹•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‹•†‹•–ƒ ‡™Š‡
—Ž–‹’Ž‹‡†„›–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ„‘†›–Š‡‹–‰‹˜‡•–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ȋ αʹȌƒ„‘—–•ƒ‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ
”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Zƒš‹•
αʹ Ÿ α6”ʹ
ʹ α6”ʹ ƒš‹•
 ͳ
ͳ”ͳʹ  ʹ”ʹʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ”ʹ ”ͳ
ʹ ʹ

”ʹ Ÿ
ͳ”ͳʹ  ʹ”ʹʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ”ʹ ͵ 
 
ͳ  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ   ”͵
Ͷ
ˆͳ αʹ α͵ Ꮰ–Š‡ǡᏐ ”Ͷ
”  ”  ǤǤǤǤǤǤ  ”
ʹ ʹ ʹ
 ͳ ʹ
ǡα–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•


 ‹‰‹†„‘†›

I
ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ K =
M
Radius of gyration depends on
ȋ‹Ȍƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ȋ‹‹Ȍ†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ„‘†›
Radius of gyration does not depend on
ȋ‹Ȍƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
ȋ‹‹Ȍ‰—Žƒ”“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•ȋƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‡– ǤȌ
Symmetrical separation
Ꮓ••‘ˆ†‹• ͵
,  ,
჆‹—•‘ˆ†‹• Ͷ
  Ÿ
ˆ ’ƒ”–‹••‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡† ȀͶ
Ͷ ȀͶ
͵
‡ƒ‹‹‰ƒ••α  ̵
Ͷ
ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ƒ‹‹‰’ƒ”–
͵
̵ Ͷ  Ÿ ”‡ƒ‹•— Šƒ‰‡†
͵ 
Ͷ
Illustration 18
Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ„‘—–ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ƒš‹•‹•”Ǥ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–ƒš‹•ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•’Š‡”‡
Solution:
”‘’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡•–Š‡‘”‡ǡ m
, α, ڏ†ʹ ”
ʹ
? ”ʹ α ”ʹ ڏ†ʹ
ͷ
͵ †
Ÿ †α ” ͲǤ͸ ” Ǥ
ͷ

[ 98 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1. ‘‹–ƒ••‡•‘ˆͳǡʹǡ͵ƒ†ͳͲ‰ƒ”‡Ž›‹‰ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–•ȋͲǡͲȌǡȋʹǡͲȌȋͲǡ͵Ȍƒ†ȋȂ ʹǡȂ ʹȌ
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›‹šȂ›’Žƒ‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‹••›•–‡ƒ„‘—–›Ǧ ƒš‹•Ǥȋ‹‰ȂʹȌǤ
PRM172
2. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ”‹‰ƒ†ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ƒ”‡•ƒ‡ǤŠƒ–
™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹‹ǫ
PRM173
3. ™‘”‹‰•Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‹”‘‡–•‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘Ͷǣͳƒ†–Š‡‹”†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ƒ”‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘
ͶǣͳǤ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡•Ǥ
PRM174
4. ™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ‰ƒ†ʹ‰ƒ”‡ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘–Š‡‡†•‘ˆƒʹŽ‘‰™‡‹‰Š–Ž‡••”‘†ǤŠ‹•
•›•–‡‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‹††Ž‡’‘‹–‘ˆ”‘†ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘
Ž‡‰–ŠǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ•›•–‡Ǥ
PRM175
5. ˆ–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ†‹• ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡„‡ ǡ–Š‡
™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ„—–’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ǫ
PRM176
6.  †‹•  ‹• ”‡ ƒ•– ‹–‘ ƒ –Š‹ Š‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡” ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ Š‹ Š ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ Žƒ”‰‡” ‘‡– ‘ˆ
‹‡”–‹ƒǫš’Žƒ‹Ǥ
PRM177
7. Š›•’‘‡•ƒ”‡ ˆ‹––‡†‹ƒ › Ž‡™Š‡‡Žǫ
PRM178
8.  ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”‹•ƒ†‡ˆ”‘ƒ‹”‘’Žƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‹ ‡••–ƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡” ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• 
‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ͷ”‹•ƒ†‡ˆ”‘ƒ‹”‘’Žƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‹ ‡••–ȀͶǤ ‹†–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘‡–
‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ  ƒ† Ǥ
PRM179
9. •“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡‘ˆ•‹†‡ A Šƒ•ƒ••’‡”—‹–ƒ”‡ƒρǤ ‹†‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰
–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡Ǥ
PRM180
10. Š”‡‡ƒ••‡•ͳǡʹ ƒ†͵ ƒ”‡Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•‹†‡ƒǤŠƒ–
‹•–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡‡†‹ƒ’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šͳǫ
PRM181
11. ™‘”‹‰•Šƒ˜‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†ƒ••ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†•— Š–Šƒ––Š‡‹” ‡–”‡•ƒ”‡ƒ–ƒ ‘‘
’‘‹–ƒ†–Š‡‹”’Žƒ‡•ƒ”‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ ’Žƒ‡‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰•Ǥ
ȋᏃ••‘ˆ‡ƒ Š”‹‰ƒ†α”ƒ†‹—•ȌǤ
PRM182
12. ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”‹•ʹȀͷ ǤŠƒ–‹•‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–
ʹ

ƒƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•–™‘†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ƒ†’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‹”’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘ǫ

PRM183
Moment of a Force-Torque
– ‹• –Š‡ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ƒ‰‡ › ™Š‹ Š ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” Šƒ‰‡ ‹ •–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘”“—‡ ‹• ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ˆ‘”
’”‘†— ‹‰–—”‹‰Ȁ–‘’’Ž‹‰’Š‡‘‡ƒǤ
‘”’”‘†— ‹‰–‘”“—‡ –Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‹•”‡“—‹”‡†Ƭ‹–‹•’”‘†— –‘ˆˆ‘” ‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆ
ƒ –‹‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡ȋŽ‡˜‡”ƒ”ˆ”‘ƒš‹•ȌǤ

[Link] [ 99 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

‹‡‘ˆ –‹‘
‘ˆˆ‘” ‡

ͻͲι
T
 ”Ԧ

ˆ‹‰—”‡‹•–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘ˆ”‘ƒš‹•™Š‹ Š‹•”•‹T

‘ǡ W ” •‹ T
Vector form o W ” u

Š‡”‡ F α ‘” ‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†
” α’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡™Ǥ”Ǥ––Š‡’‘‹–ƒ„‘—–™Š‹ Š™‡™ƒ––‘†‡–‡”‹‡
–Š‡–‘”“—‡Ǥ
x –‹•ƒƒš‹ƒŽ˜‡ –‘”‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‹–•†‹”‡ –‹‘‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰˜‡ –‘” ” Ƭ
x –̵•†‹”‡ –‹‘‹•†‡–‡”‹‡†„›”‹‰Š–Šƒ†–Š—„”—Ž‡Ǥ
x ‘•‹–‹˜‡•‹‰–‘ƒŽŽ–‘”“—‡•ƒ –‹‰–‘–—”ƒ„‘†›ƒ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡ƒ†ƒ‹—•–‘ƒŽŽ–‘”“—‡–‡†‹‰–‘
–—”‹– Ž‘ ™‹•‡Ǥ

   
T αͻͲι
”Ԧ ”Ԧ ”Ԧ
ͻͲι ”Ԧ T αͲι
ͻͲι

T
T ሬԦ 
 

T
T ሬԦ ሬԦ ሬԦ
ȋƒȌ ȋ„Ȍ ȋ Ȍ ȋ†Ȍ
Ž–Š‘—‰Šˆ‘” ‡‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”’”‘†— ‹‰–Š‡–‘”“—‡ ›‡–‡˜‡”›ˆ‘” ‡‹•‘– ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡–‘’”‘†— ‡–‘”“—‡Ǥ ˆŽ‹‡
‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒš‹•–Š‡–‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‹•œ‡”‘Ǥȏƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ȋȌǤȐ
‘”“—‡‹•ƒŽ•‘‘™ƒ•‘‡–‘ˆˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Minimum Torque Maximum Torque
Š‡ȁ•‹T ȁ‹• ‹αͲ Š‡ȁ•‹T ȁ‹• ƒšαͳ
‹Ǥ‡ǤǡT αͲι ‘”ͳͺͲι ‹Ǥ‡ǤǡT αͻͲι
W‹ αͲ Wƒš α ”

[ 100 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
x Unit of torque : Ǧȋ•ƒ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ™‘”‘”‡‡”‰›Ȍ
‹‡•‹‘•‘ˆ–‘”“—‡ǣȏʹȂʹȐ
Note: ‹–‘ˆ–‘”“—‡ȋǦȌ ƒ‘–„‡™”‹––‡ƒ•Œ‘—Ž‡ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡Œ‘—Ž‡‹•—•‡†•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”™‘”‘”‡‡”‰›Ǥ
Couple of forces
x Š‡–™‘ˆ‘” ‡•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ –‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘‹–•
ƒ†‹‘’’‘•‹–‡†‹”‡ –‹‘•™‹–Š†‹•–‹ –Ž‹‡•‘ˆƒ –‹‘–Š‡•‡
ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‘—’Ž‡ǤŠ‹• ‘—’Ž‡–”‹‡•–‘”‘–ƒ–‡„‘†›Ǥ ”
„
x ‘‡–‘ˆ ‘—’Ž‡W α ”•‹T α „
x ‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ†‘‘”ƒ„‘—–ƒŠ‹‰‡ǡ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰”‹†‹‰™Š‡‡Ž T
ƒ„‘—–ƒ’‹˜‘–‘”—„‘Ž–‹‰ƒ—–„›ƒ’‹’‡Ǧ™”‡ Š ƒ„‡
‹–‡† ƒ• ‡šƒ’Ž‡• ‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ –‘”“—‡Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‡šƒ’Ž‡•
”‡’”‡•‡–”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•Ǥ
‘•–ƒ–
W α ‘•–ƒ–Ÿ ”•‹T α ‘•–ƒ–Ÿ α
” •‹ T
‘‰‡”–Š‡ƒ”ƒ†‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ•‹TǡŽ‡••‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”’”‘†— ‹‰†‡•‹”‡†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‡ˆˆ‡ –ǤŠ‹•ˆƒ –‡š’Žƒ‹•™Š›‹–‹•— Š‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘”‘–ƒ–‡ƒ„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒ‰‹˜‡ƒš‹•™Š‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–
ƒš‹—†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒ”Ǥ
Illustration 19
‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘ƒ’‹˜‘–‡†• ƒŽ‡ƒ••Š‘™ǤŠ‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ͳ

ˆ‘” ‡•™‹ŽŽ’”‘†— ‡–‘”“—‡ǫ
Solution: ʹ ͵

z ͲǡWͳ αͲ
ͳ
Ͷ
ȋ•Ž‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡’ƒ••‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡’‹˜‘–‡†’‘‹–Ȍ
ʹ z Ͳƒ†’”‘†— ‡•Wʹ ȋ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ
͵ z Ͳ’”‘†— ‡•W͵ ȋŽ‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ ͷ
Ͷ z Ͳ’”‘†— ‡•WͶ ȋŽ‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ
ͷ z ͲǡW͵ αͲǢƒ•Ž‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡’ƒ••‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡’‹˜‘–‡†’‘‹–Ǥ
Illustration 20
 ȋ‘†Ȍ

 
ʹ ͳ
α͸Ͳ

ȋ‹Ȍˆ‹† ȋW Ȍ ǫ

ȋ‹‹Ȍˆ‹† ȋW Ȍ ǫ

ȋ‹‹‹Ȍˆ‹† ȋ W Ȍ ǫ
Solution:
ȋ‹Ȍ ȋW Ȍ ͸Ͳu ʹ ͳʹͲ    ȋŽ‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ

ȋ‹‹Ȍ ȋW Ȍ Ͳ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ȋ W Ȍ ͸Ͳ u ͳ  ͸Ͳ   ȋ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡Ȍ

[Link] [ 101 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Important points
1. ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‘” ‡’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡‘”“—‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡
œ‡”‘Ǥ

ሺɒ୊ ሻ଴ ൌ Ͳ ሺɒ୊ ሻ଴ ൌ Ͳ


Š‹‰‡

2. ˆƒˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ –‹‰’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‹–ǯ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –ƒ„‘—––Šƒ–ƒš‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡

œ‡”‘Ǥ

W αͲ

3. ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆƒˆ‘” ‡’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Šƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‹–ǯ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –ȋ‘”“—‡Ȍƒ„‘—–

–Šƒ–ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
Illustration 21

ˆ‘” ‡ ʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ  ƶ ƒ –•ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–ȋʹǡȂ͵ǡͳȌǤŠ‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–‘”“—‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–ȋͲǡͲǡʹȌ

™‹ŽŽ„‡ǫ
Solution:

ʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ  ƶ ƒ–’‘‹–ȋʹǡȂ͵ǡͳȌ

‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–ȋͲǡͲǡʹȌ
ƶ  ʹƶ
” ȋʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ  Ȍ

W ”u ȋʹ‹ƶ  ͵ ƶ uȋʹ‹ƶ  ͵Œƶ  Ȍ

͵Œƶ  Ȍ ƶ ƶ Ÿ W ȋ͸ ͷȌ Ǧ
ȋ͸‹ƶ  ͳʹȌ

[ 102 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
•›•–‡‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡‹‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǡ‹ˆ‹–‹•‹–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‡– Ͳ ƒ† W‡– Ͳ ȋƒ„‘—–‡˜‡”›’‘‹–Ȍ ͳ

ˆ ‡– Ͳ ǡ–Š‡ W‡– ‹••ƒ‡ƒ„‘—–‡˜‡”›’‘‹–Ǥ ʹ

‡ ‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›ƒ†•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘”‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‹• ‡– Ͳ

ͷ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ͳ  ʹ  ͵  Ͷ  ͷ Ͳ
͵
W‡– Ͳ ƒ„‘—– ƒ› ‘‡ ’‘‹–ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™‡ ƒ Š‘‘•‡ ƒ• ’‡” ‘—” Ͷ

‘˜‡‹‡ ‡Ǥȋ W‡– ™‹ŽŽƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›„‡œ‡”‘ƒ„‘—–‡˜‡”›’‘‹–Ȍ

Rotational equilibrium
”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡‹ƒ•–ƒ–‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‹ˆ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•œ‡”‘ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ
„‘†›‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹——•–‡‹–Š‡”„‡ƒ–”‡•–‘”‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
ˆƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹——†‡”–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘’Žƒƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ––‘”“—‡
‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒ›ƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•—•–„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ƒ„‘†›‹••Š‘™—†‡”–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‘’Žƒƒ”ˆ‘” ‡• ͳǡ ʹǡǥǥ ‹ǡƒ† 

σɒሬԦ୔ ൌ Ͳ
‡”‡‹•ƒ’‘‹–‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ„‘—–™Š‹ Š™‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–‘”“—‡‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ƒ –‹‰
‘–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ
Note: „‘†› ƒ‘–„‡‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹——†‡”–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆƒ•‹‰Ž‡ˆ‘” ‡—Ž‡••–Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘
’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Illustration 22
—‹ˆ‘””‘†‘ˆʹͲ‰‹•Šƒ‰‹‰‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡
Š‡Ž’‘ˆ–™‘–Š”‡ƒ†•Ǥ –ƒŽ•‘•—’’‘”–•ƒͶͲ‰ƒ••ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡
ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–‡•‹‘•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹‡ƒ Š–Š”‡ƒ†Ǥ  
κȀͶ
Solution:
”‡‡„‘†›†‹ƒ‰”ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†‹••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ͶͲ‰

”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—”‡“—‹”‡•
›
ͳ ʹ
6 › αͲ ͳ Ϊʹ αͶͲͲΪʹͲͲα͸ͲͲ ǥȋ‹Ȍ š
‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǣ
 
’’Ž›‹‰–Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ǡ™‡‰‡–ʹǤ  

¦W  Ͳ Ÿ ȂͶͲͲ ȋ Ȁ ͶȌ Ȃ ʹͲͲ ȋ Ȁ ʹȌ Ϊ ʹ αͲ κȀͶ κȀʹ

ʹ αʹͲͲ ʹͲͲ
”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹Ȍ
ͶͲͲ
ͳ αͶͲͲǤ

[Link] [ 103 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 23
™‘•ƒŽŽ‹†•™‡‹‰Š‹‰ͳͲ‰ƒ†ͳͷ‰ƒ”‡–”›‹‰–‘„ƒŽƒ ‡ƒ•‡‡•ƒ™‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽŽ‡‰–ŠͷǤͲǡ™‹–Š–Š‡
ˆ—Ž ”—ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡ǫ ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹†•‹••‹––‹‰ƒ–ƒ‡†ǡ™Š‡”‡•Š‘—Ž†–Š‡‘–Š‡”•‹–ǫ

Solution:
–‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ͳͲ‰‹†•Š‘—Ž†•‹–ƒ––Š‡‡†ƒ†–Š‡ͳͷ‰‹†•Š‘—Ž†•‹– Ž‘•‡”–‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ—’’‘•‡Š‹•
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‹•šǤ•–Š‡‹†•ƒ”‡‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǡ–Š‡‘”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡ƒ‹†ƒ†–Š‡•‡‡•ƒ™
‡“—ƒŽ•–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Šƒ–‹†Ǥ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡•ƒ™ǡ–Š‡–‘”“—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•
ƒ –‹‰‘‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
ȋƒȌˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ͳͷ‰†‘™™ƒ”†„›ͳͷǤ ȋ„ȌͳͲ‰†‘™™ƒ”†„›ͳͲ‰‹†Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ•‡‡•ƒ™Ǥ ȋ†Ȍ‘”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡„›–Š‡ˆ—Ž ”—Ǥ
ƒ‹‰–‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ˆ—Ž ”—ǡ
ͳͷ‰ǤšαͳͲ‰ȋʹǤͷȌŸ šαͳǤ͹Ǥ
Newton's 2nd law for rotation or Rotation about a fixed axis
Relation Between torque and Angular Acceleration
?W‡– D
Š‹•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•˜ƒŽ‹†‘Ž›ˆ‘”ˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•Ǥ
‡”‡, o ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
D ა‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Illustration 24
”‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Š‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–D Œ—•–ƒˆ–‡””‡Ž‡ƒ•‹‰ǫ

Solution:
WŠ‹‰‡ α,Š‹‰‡ έD
 ʹ ͵‰
‰ ˜D Ÿ D
ʹ ͵ ʹ
Illustration 25
”‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Š‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ”‡†    
’‘‹–•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡‡“—‹†‹•–ƒ––‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǫ
Solution:
͵‰
‡”‡D αD αD αD α ȏ ‘””‹‰‹†„‘†›Ƚ ‹••ƒ‡Ȑ
ʹ
 ͵‰  ͵‰  ͵‰  ͵‰
ƒ Du u ƒ† ƒ  Du u
Ͷ ʹ Ͷ ͺ ʹ ʹ ʹ Ͷ
͵ ͵‰ ͵ ͻ‰ ͵‰ ͵‰
ƒ Du u ƒ† ƒ Du   u
Ͷ ʹ Ͷ ͺ ʹ ʹ

[ 104 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Illustration 26
”‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Š‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡D ƒ––Š‹•’‘•‹–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ǫ T
Solution:
 ʹ
W α‰έ ‘•T αD έ
ʹ ͵ ‰

‰ u ‘• T ͵‰ ‘• T
D α ʹ α
ʹ ʹu 
u
͵
Rotating Pulley
Angular acceleration for heavy pulley
‡”‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘‹•’”‡•‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–”‹‰ƒ†’—ŽŽ‡›‹Ǥ‡ǤŠ‡”‡‹•‘”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡•Ž‹’’‹‰„‡–™‡‡•–”‹‰ƒ†
’—ŽŽ‡›Ǥ
ͳ‰Ȃ ͳ αͳƒ ǥȋ‹Ȍ FBD of pulley
 D
ʹ Ȃ ʹ‰αʹƒ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ

W‡–Ȁ α,PD ʹ ͳ ȋ ε Ȍ
ͳ ʹ
ͲΪͲΪȋͳ Ȃ ʹȌα,D ǥȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ƒ ʹ 
‫׶‬ ‘•Ž‹’’‹‰ǡ
ͳ
•‘ ƒ•–”‹‰ ȋƒ’—ŽŽ‡›
ŽŽ Ȍ ʹ‰
 ͳ ƒ
ƒ ʹ ͳ
ƒαD Ÿ D ͳ‰ ‰

—„•–‹–—–‹‰D ‹‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ƒ
ͳ Ȃ ʹ α ʹ ǥȋ‹˜Ȍ

‫׵‬ ‘ƒ††‹‰‡“Ǥȋ‹Ȍǡȋ‹‹ȌƬȋ‹˜Ȍ
ͳ ‰   ʹ ‰ ‡– ˆ‘” ‡ ƒŽ‘‰ •–”‹‰
ƒ Ÿ ƒ
ͳ   ʹ  § ·
ʹ ¨ –‘–ƒŽ ƒ•• ‘ˆ „Ž‘ •   ʹ ¸
© ¹
Illustration 27

‹†‘—––Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ •ǥ
Solution:
ʹ‰Ȃ ͳ αʹƒ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ Ȃ ‰αƒ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ

ͳȂ ʹα,D Ǣ ʹ
Dαƒ ǥȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ƒ ʹ
? D α
 ͳ  ƒ
ƒ ʹ
ͳ Ȃ ʹ α ʹ
ƒ ǥȋ‹˜Ȍ

ʹ‰  ‰ ʹ‰
“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹ȌΪȋ‹‹ȌΪȋ‹˜Ȍ ʹ‰  ‰ §¨ ʹ    ·
ƒ Ÿ ƒ Ÿƒ
©  ¸¹
ʹ
 ʹ
͹
ʹ    ʹ
ʹ

[Link] [ 105 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 28
ǡ
‹†‘—––Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„Ž‘ •Ǥ ͳ
Solution: ʹ
ʹ‰Ȃ ʹ αʹƒ ǥȋ‹Ȍ 
ͳ Ȃ ‰•‹͵Ͳι Ꮓ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ ʹ
͵Ͳι
ʹ
ȋʹ Ȃ ͳȌ  D ǥȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ʹ
Dαƒ ǥȋ‹˜Ȍ
ʹ
ƒ
ʹ Ȃ ͳ α ǥȋ˜Ȍ
ʹ
“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹ȌΪȋ‹‹ȌΪȋ˜Ȍ
‰ § ͳ·
ʹ‰  ʹ ʹ‰  ƒ ¨ ʹ  ͳ  ¸
ʹ © ʹ¹
͵ §͹· ͵‰
‰ ƒ ¨ ¸ Ÿ ƒ
ʹ ©ʹ¹ ͹
Toppling
Toppling and shifting of Normal reaction
ƒ›•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘ƒ„‘†›–‘ ƒ—•‡‹––‘•Ž‹†‡ƒŽ‘‰ƒ•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ƒ
 ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ›–‹’‘˜‡”„‡ˆ‘”‡•Ž‹†‹‰ǤŠ‹•‹•‘™ƒ•–‘’’Ž‹‰Ǥ
„ ‰
ȋͳȌ Š‡”‡‹•‘Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‘’”‡••—”‡ƒ–„‘––‘‹•—‹ˆ‘”ƒ†‘”ƒŽ‹• ‘ŽŽ‹‡ƒ”
™‹–Š‰Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ˆƒˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–ǡ’”‡••—”‡‹•‘–—‹ˆ‘”‘”ƒŽ‡ƒ –‹‘•Š‹ˆ–•”‹‰Š– 
•‘–Šƒ––‘”“—‡‘ˆ ƒ ‘—–‡”„ƒŽƒ ‡–‘”“—‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘Ǥ
ƒ

„
‰

ˆ”
‘—‰Š•—”ˆƒ ‡
 
ȋ͵Ȍ ˆ ‹• ‘–‹—‘—•Ž›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‡‡’••Š‹ˆ–‹‰–‘™ƒ”†•”‹‰Š–—–‹Ž‹–”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‡”‹‰Š–‘•–’‘‹–Ǥ
‡”‡™‡Šƒ˜‡ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹••—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž›”‘—‰Š•‘–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•‘•Ž‹†‹‰ƒ• ‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†
–‘ ƒšǤ
ˆˆ‘” ‡‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ƒ›ˆ—”–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡–‘”“—‡‘ˆ ƒ‘– ‘—–‡”„ƒŽƒ ‡–‘”“—‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ”ƒ†
„‘†›™‹ŽŽ–‘’’Ž‡Ǥ
Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆˆ‘” ‡‘™‹•–Š‡ƒš˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–‘’’Ž‹‰™‹ŽŽ‘–‘ —” ƒš
ƒš αˆ”

Ꮙ
ƒ
‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–
„ ƒ „
‰ ƒš
 ˆ” ˜ ˜ ˆ” 
ʹ ʹ
ƒ ƒ ‘—‰Š•—”ˆƒ ‡
Ÿ ˆ” ‰ ˜ 
„ „
ƒ
Ÿ ƒš ‰ ˜
„

[ 106 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
ƒ
ȋͶȌ ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•‘–•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž›”‘—‰Šƒ†–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†–‘ –Š‡ ƒš Ꮙ
„
„‘†›™‹ŽŽ•Ž‹†‡„‡ˆ‘”‡–‘’’Ž‹‰Ǥ ‡„‘†›•–ƒ”–••Ž‹†‹‰ˆ”‹ –‹‘„‡ ‘‡• ‘•–ƒ–ƒ†Š‡ ‡‘
–‘’’Ž‹‰Ǥ
Š‹•‹•–Š‡ ƒ•‡‹ˆ
ƒ
ƒš ε Ž‹‹–

ƒ „
‰ δ ƒš
Ÿ ‰ ! ρ‰ 
„ ˆ”
ƒ ‘—‰Š•—”ˆƒ ‡
ρ 
„
Condition for toppling
ƒ ƒ
Š‡ ρ t ‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ–‘’’Ž‡‹ˆ ! ‰
„ „
ƒ
—–‹ˆ ρ 
ǡ„‘†›™‹ŽŽ‘––‘’’Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ›˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ǡƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–Ǥ
„
Important points
ȋͳȌ ‘”•Š‘™•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ȋȌƬȋȌǡ‘”‡ Šƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–‘’’Ž‹‰‹ȋȌǤ  ƒ•‡‘ˆ–‘’’Ž‹‰ǡ‘”ƒŽ‡ƒ –‹‘
—•–’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š‡†’‘‹–•Ǥ




ˆ„Ž‘ ‡’–‘•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ†ƒˆ‘” ‡ ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ

ˆ‘”ƒ›˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆˆ‘” ‡ ǡ„Ž‘  ƒ̵––‘’’Ž‡Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-3

1. ˆ‘” ‡ ƶ‹  ʹŒƶ  ͷƶ ‹•ƒ –‹‰ƒ–ƒ’‘‹– ” ʹ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  ͵ƶ Ǥ ‹†–‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǥ

PRM184
2. Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ”‘†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘–‹—‘—•Ž›ˆ”‘–‘Ǥ •‹–‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘•‡–‹–‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘„›
Žƒ’‹‰‹–ƒ–ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡ƒ–‘”„› Žƒ’‹‰‹–ƒ–ƒ†ƒ’’Ž›‹‰–Š‡
ˆ‘” ‡ƒ–ǫš’Žƒ‹›‘—”ƒ•™‡”Ǥ
PRM185
3. —‹ˆ‘”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹͲ ƒ†ƒ••ʹ‰ ƒ”‘–ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡
ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡Ǥƒ••Ž‡•• ‘”†‹•”‘—†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”‹‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• Ǥ ˆƒ—‹ˆ‘”
ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ ʹ‡™–‘•‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘–Š‡ ‘”†ǡ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ’‘‹–‘–Š‡”‹‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• 
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋȌͳȀ•ʹ ȋȌʹȀ•ʹ ȋȌ͵ǤʹȀ•ʹ ȋȌͳǤ͸Ȁ•ʹ
PRM186
4. †‘‘”ͳǤ͸™‹†‡”‡“—‹”‡•ƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆͳ–‘„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ––Š‡ˆ”‡‡‡†–‘‘’‡‘” Ž‘•‡‹–ǤŠ‡ˆ‘” ‡–Šƒ–
‹•”‡“—‹”‡†–‘„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–ͲǤͶ†‹•–ƒ–ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‹‰‡•ˆ‘”‘’‡‹‰‘” Ž‘•‹‰–Š‡†‘‘”‹•ǣǦ
ȋȌͳǤʹ ȋȌ͵Ǥ͸ ȋȌʹǤͶ ȋȌͶ
PRM187

[Link] [ 107 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
5. ‘—”‡“—ƒŽƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ”‘†ȋƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡•‘ˆʹͲ ǡͶͲ ǡ
͸Ͳ ƒ†ͺͲ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ˆ”‘‘‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†Ǥ†‡”–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ˆ‘” ‡•–Š‡”‘†

Ͳ ʹͲ ͶͲ ͸Ͳ ͺͲ

ȋȌ‹•ƒ–”‡•– ȋȌ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ–‘”“—‡

ȋȌ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒŽ‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘ ȋȌ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ–‘”“—‡ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒŽ‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘
PRM188
6.  ™‡‹‰Š–Ž‡•• ”‘† ‹• ƒ –‡† —’‘ „› —’™ƒ”† ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ˆ‘” ‡• ‘ˆ ʹ  ƒ† Ͷ  ƒ– ‡†•  ƒ† 
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡–‘–ƒŽŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†α͵Ǥ‘‡‡’–Š‡”‘†‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ͸
•Š‘—Ž†ƒ –‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ‡”ǣ
ȋȌ†‘™™ƒ”†ƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–„‡–™‡‡ƒ†
ȋȌ†‘™™ƒ”†ƒ––Š‡‹†’‘‹–‘ˆ
ȋȌ†‘™™ƒ”†ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–•— Š–Šƒ–αͳ
ȋȌ†‘™™ƒ”†ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–•— Š–Šƒ–αͳ
PRM189
7. ‹‰—”‡•Š‘™•ƒ—‹ˆ‘”†‹• ǡ™‹–Šƒ••αʹǤͶ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•αʹͲ ǡ‘—–‡†‘ƒˆ‹š‡†
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽƒšŽ‡Ǥ„Ž‘ ‘ˆƒ••αͳǤʹ‰Šƒ‰•ˆ”‘ƒƒ••Ž‡•• ‘”†™Š‹ Š‹•™”ƒ’’‡†ƒ”‘—†
–Š‡”‹‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ǤŠ‡–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘”†‹•ǣ
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

ȋȌͳʹ ȋȌʹͲ ȋȌʹͶ ȋȌ͸

PRM190
8. –Š‹—‹ˆ‘”•–‹ ‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠA ƒ†ƒ••‹•Š‡Ž†Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ› ™‹–Š‹–•‡†Š‹‰‡†‘–Š‡
‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ‘‹–‹••—††‡Ž›”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ǤŠ‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹ 
ƒ––Š‡–‹‡‘ˆ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‹•ǣǦ
 

͵ ͵ ʹ ͳ
ȋȌ ‰ ȋȌ ‰ ȋȌ ‰ ȋȌ ‰
Ͷ ͹ ͹ ͹
PRM191
Angular momentum of a Particle
Angular momentum (moment of linear momentum) : ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒ
„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒ‰‹˜‡ƒš‹•‹•–Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ‹–•Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
T
†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—˜‡ –‘”ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— α ‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— έ ‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” †‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ
T
ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ‘‡–—ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
α˜έ”•‹T Ÿ  ” u ’ 
‡”‡  ა‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒ‘˜‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–Ǥ
 ‹•–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ

[ 108 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
” ‹•–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡’‘‹–Ǥ
• ‹–ǣ o Ǧ•‡ ‘”‰Ȃ ʹȀ•‡
• ‹‡•‹‘ǣȏʹȂͳȐ
• ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•ƒƒš‹ƒŽ˜‡ –‘”

’ ” 

 T 

x •–‘”“—‡ ȋ”” u Ȍ ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡̵‘‡–‘ˆˆ‘” ‡̵Ǥ

‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•ƒŽ•‘†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•‘‡–‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ
x ƒ”–‡•‹ƒ•›•–‡ǡ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ǣ
 ” u ’ ȋ” u ˜
˜Ȍ ȏ ˜Ȑ
’ ˜
ƶ‹ ƶŒ ƶ
  š › œ ƶ u ȋ˜ ƶ‹  ˜ ƶŒ  ˜ Ȍ
 ªȋš‹ƶ  ›Œƶ  œȌ ƶ º
¬ š › œ ¼
˜š ˜› ˜œ

‹Ǥ‡Ǥ   ª ƶ‹ȋ›˜ ƶ
‹ȋ œ  œ˜ › Ȍ  ƶŒȋš˜ œ  œ˜ š Ȍ  ȋš˜ º
¬ ›  ›˜ š Ȍ¼

Note: ˆŽ‹‡‘ˆ‘–‹‘‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š’‘‹–̵̵ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–™‹ŽŽ

„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ
˜


 ‡ ƒ—•‡”A αͲ

x •–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•α˜”•‹T
ȋƒȌ ‘”T αͲι ‘”ͳͺͲι ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ” ƒ† ˜ ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘”ƒ–‹Ǧ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž? •‹T αͲǢ™‹ŽŽ„‡‹‹—Ǥ
ˆ–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•‘–Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆ‘–‹‘–Š‡‘ˆ‘˜‹‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•
‹‹—ƒ†œ‡”‘Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍ ‘”T αͻͲιǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•ƒš‹—™Š‡ ” ƒ† ˜ ƒ”‡‘”–Š‘‰‘ƒŽ
? •‹T αͳǢ™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒš‹—Ǥ
x ȁ α˜”•‹T •‘‹ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–ƒ„‘—–™Š‹ Šƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•–‘„‡†‡–‡”‹‡†‹•‘–‘–Š‡
• ȁȁ
Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ‘–‹‘‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ T z Ͳ‘” ͳͺͲι –Š‡ ȁȁ
ȁz Ͳ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‘”› ‘–‹‘ ƒŽ™ƒ›• Šƒ•ƒ
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–——Ž‡••–Š‡’‘‹–‹•‘–Š‡Ž‹‡‘ˆ‘–‹‘Ǥ
Illustration 29
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›̵—̵ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡T ™‹–Š ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤ ‹†ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–‘ˆ”‘Œ‡ –‹‘™Š‡ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ƒ–‹–•Š‹‰Š‡•–‘‹–ǫ

[Link] [ 109 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Solution:
 — ‘•T
”A
— ƒš

 T

ȋȌͲ Ꮧ ‘•T έ”A ȋȌͲ Ꮧ ‘•T έ ƒš
Illustration 30
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ͲǤͲͳ‰Šƒ˜‹‰’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘” ” ȋͳͲ‹ƶ  ͸ŒȌ
͸ƶ ‡–”‡‹•‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ͷ‹
ƶ Ȁ• Ǥ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹
Solution:
’ ˜ Ͳ ͷƶ ͲǤͲͷ‹ƶ
Ͳͳuͷ‹
ͲǤͲͳ Ÿ  ” u ’ ȋͳͲ‹ƶ  ͸ŒȌ ƶ ͲǤ͵ƶ Ȁ •
ƶ u ͲǤͲͷ‹ƶ ͲǤ͵ȋȌ
Direction of angular momentum
Direction of angular momentum due to linear motion :
ƒ‰‹‡›‘—”’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ƒ„‘—–™Š‹ Š›‘—™ƒ––‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—•’”‡ƒ†–Š‡
’ƒŽ‘ˆ›‘—””‹‰Š–Šƒ†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”ƒ† —”Ž–Š‡ˆ‹‰‡”•‹–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
–Š‡–Š‡–Š—„‘ˆ›‘—””‹‰Š–Šƒ†•Š‘™•–Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—(Right hand thumb rule.)
ƶ
 ˜„ȋ Ȍ Š‡”‡ „α”•‹T
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•‘˜‹‰’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘Ǧƒš‹•‘”Ǧƒš‹•‘”ƒŽ‘‰ƒ›•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›–Š‡‹–•
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
  

˜   ˜

  


‘”ژ‡ȏ Ȑ ‘”Ȃ˜‡ȏȂ Ȑ
‘”A –‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡—’™ƒ”†• ‘”A –‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡†‘™™ƒ”†•ȏ Ȑ
~
Illustration 31
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ‹•‘˜‹‰‘ƒ ‹” Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—̵̵ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
Solution: 
ȋ‹Ȍ αʹ˜ ˜
 
Ÿ  ʹ
ʹ
ʹ
§  ·
ʹ˜ ʹ ¨ ʹ ¸
‘ǡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǡ ʹ u © ¹
 
ʹ
ʹ u
Ͷʹ ʹ Ÿ ʹ ʹ

 ʹ ʹ u  ʹ ͵
ͳ ͳ §  · ͳ ʹ ʹ
ʹ ʹ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ǤǤ‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǡ α ˜ ʹ α u ȋʹȌ u ¨ ¸ α u ʹ u α α
ʹ ʹ © ʹ ¹ ʹ Ͷʹʹ Ͷʹ ʹ

[ 110 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Angular momentum of objects and Relation between Torque and Angular momentum
Angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about fixed axis
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ƒ„‘—––Š‡ˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•‹• αͳ Ϊʹ Ϊ͵ ΪǥǥǤڐ
ͳ αͳ”ͳZ”ͳǡ ʹ αʹ”ʹZ”ʹǡ ͵ α͵”͵Z”͵ǡ 
 Ꮠ”Z” Z
 αͳ”ͳZ”ͳ ڏʹ”ʹZ”ʹ ڏ͵”͵Z”͵ Ϊǥǥڏ”Z” ”ͳ
ͳ
 
ª  º
 α ¦  ȋ” Ȍ uZ Ÿ «¦  ȋ” Ȍʹ
ʹ
» ”ʹ
 ͳ ¬ ͳ ¼ ʹ

 α, Z ” 
α,Z
ᐉ—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ š‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
, Ꮡ‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰‹†„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ 
Z o ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –Ǥ
Illustration 32 Z
‹†ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š’‘‹–ǫ
‘†ǡ
Solution: 

ʹ
ȋȌ‘ α,‘Z α uZ
͵
Illustration 33
ȋ‹• ǡȌ
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†‘–Š‡†‹• ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡
Z
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ   

˜αZ
Solution: Z
ʹ   
 ƶ
ƶ  ȏȋZȌȐu ʹ ȋȌ ͷ ƶ 
 ˜Z ȋȌ  ʹZ ȋȌ
ʹ ʹ
˜αZ

Angular momentum of combined rotation and translation

—’’‘•‡ƒ„‘†›‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••

™‹–Šƒƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Z ƒ„‘—–ƒ†‘˜‹‰–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›™‹–Šƒ Z
Ž‹‡ƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›  ƒǤ Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘†› ƒ„‘—– ƒ

’‘‹–‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡„‘†›‹–Š‡Žƒ„ˆ”ƒ‡‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǡ 
”A
   ” u ’ Ǥ

Š‡”‡ǡ”α’‘•‹–‹‘˜‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘’‘‹–Ǥ 

‡ ‡   Z ” u ˜

Note: Ž™ƒ›• ‘•‹†‡”’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰™Š‹Ž‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‡˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ

[Link] [ 111 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 34 
Z
‹†ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡‘†ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–ǫ ‘†ȋǡȌ
Solution: 
   
‘ ”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ ‘–ƒ–‹‘

 º ª  º ʹ
ª   ʹ
  u »  « 

«  uZ» ‘ǡ   u  Z
Ͳ ¬ ʹ ¼ ¬ ͳʹ ¼ Ͳ ʹ ͳʹ
 

Newton's 2nd Law in Rotation

–•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–‡–‡š–‡”ƒŽ‘”“—‡ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ›’‘‹–ȋ‘”ƒš‹•Ȍ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡
‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ›’‘‹–ȋ‘”ƒš‹•ȌǤ
†

Ÿ W‡š– Ž•‘ǡ   Z
 †–
†ȋȋ  ZȌ †Z
† Z
‘ǡ ȋ W‡š– Ȍ   D
†– †–
'
' ˆ  ‹
Note: Wƒ˜‰
'– –
Illustration 35
Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ†‹• ‹•ͲǤͷ ƒ†‹–•ƒ••‹•ͳ͸‰ǤŠƒ––‘”“—‡™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ˆ”‘
œ‡”‘–‘ͳʹͲ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•Ȁ‹—–‡‹ͺ•‡ ‘†•ǫ
Solution:
ʹ
ͳ ͳ ª ͲǤͷ º ͳ
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•   ʹ u ͳ͸ u « » ‰  ʹ
ʹ ʹ ¬ ʹ ¼ ʹ
ͳʹͲ u ʹS
‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Z αͶS ”ƒ†Ȁ•ƒ† Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—'α,Z Ȃ Ͳα,Z
͸Ͳ
' ͳ ͳ S
? ‰—Žƒ”‹’—Ž•‡‹•W έ–α'Ÿ W α u u ͶS 
– ͺ ʹ Ͷ

BEGINNER’S BOX-4
1. ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ƒ’‘‹–ƒ••‘ˆ͸έͳͲʹͶ ‰”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ”‘—†–Š‡•—ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆͳǤͷέͳͲ ͺ 
ƒ†‹–‹‡‘ˆα͵ǤͳͶέͳͲ͹ •‡ ‘†•ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šƒ”‘—†–Š‡•—‹•ǣȂ
ȋȌͳǤʹέͳͲͳͺ ‰ǦʹȀ• ȋȌͳǤͺέͳͲʹͲ ‰ǦʹȀ•
ȋȌͳǤͷέͳͲ͵͹ ‰ǦʹȀ• ȋȌʹǤ͹έͳͲͶͲ ‰ǦʹȀ•
PRM192
2. ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‘•‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•›αš–Š‡™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”
‘‡–—ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹ǫš’Žƒ‹›‘—”ƒ•™‡”Ǥ
PRM193
3Ǥ —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ‘ˆƒ••ʹͲͲ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ͶȉͲ ‹•”‘–ƒ–‡†ƒ„‘—–‘‡‘ˆ‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ–
ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ƒ†‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
PRM194

[ 112 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Conservation of Angular Momentum (COAM)
†
W‡š–
†–
†
ˆ W‡š– Ͳ Ÿ Ͳ Ÿ  ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ÿ ‹ ˆ
†–
ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–‡š–‡”ƒŽ–‘”“—‡ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ•›•–‡‹•œ‡”‘ –Š‡–Š‡–‘–ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
ˆƒ•›•–‡‹•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘‹–• •—””‘—†‹‰ƒ›‹–‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡‹–•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–• ƒ‘–ƒŽ–‡”
‹–•–‘–ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ
Illustration 36
™‘™Š‡‡Ž•ƒ†ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡† ‘ƒš‹ƒŽŽ›ǤŠ‡‡ŽŠƒ•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ  ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Z ™Š‹Ž‡
‹• •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›Ǥ Ž—„„‹‰–Š‡™‹–Šƒ Ž—– Š–Š‡›‘˜‡Œ‘‹–Ž›„›ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›̵Z̵–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡
Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ̵̵Ǥ
Z$ Z

”‘–ƒ–‹‰  
 ‘–Šƒ”‡
‘–ƒ–‹‰
•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›  


Solution:
Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ —”•‹–Š‡ƒ„•‡•‡ ‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽ–‘”“—‡ǡ•‘ƒ’’Ž›‹‰Žƒ™‘ˆǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡
Z   Z § Z ·
 Z αȋ  Ϊ ȌZ Ÿ  α 
 ¨ ͳ¸
Z © Z ¹
Illustration 37
 ‘ ”‘ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••̵̵‹•‘˜‹‰™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜‹ƒ–‹ Ž‘ ™‹•‡•‡•‡‘–Š‡”‹ 
˜ 
Z
‘ˆƒ†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ǤŠ‡Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‹•̵ ̵ƒ†‹–‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰‹
Ž‘ ™‹•‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ̵Z̵Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ‘ ”‘ƒ Š •–‘’• –Š‡
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ†‹• Ǥ
Solution:  
Š‡ ’Š‡‘‡‘ ‘ —”• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ„•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ –‘”“—‡ǡ •‘ ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ Žƒ™ ‘ˆ Z̵
ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡
Z  ˜
Z  ˜   ʹ Z̵ Ÿ Z̵ Ǥ
  ʹ
Illustration 38
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘””‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Šƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
ʹ
–‘‹–•Ž‡‰–Š‹•‰‹˜‡„› Ǥ‘™ ‘•‹†‡”‘‡•— Š”‘†’‹˜‘–‡†ƒ–‹–• ‡–”‡ǡˆ”‡‡–‘”‘–ƒ–‡‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
ͳʹ
’Žƒ‡ǤŠ‡”‘†‹•ƒ–”‡•–‹–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ„—ŽŽ‡–‘ˆƒ••‘˜‹‰Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ›ƒ–ƒ•’‡‡†˜•–”‹‡•
ƒ†‡„‡††‡†‹‘‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†ǤŠ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†Œ—•–ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡

[Link] [ 113 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Solution:
‹–‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡α‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ„—ŽŽ‡–„‡ˆ‘”‡

‘ŽŽ‹•‹‘α ˜ §¨ ·¸ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
©ʹ¹
Ž‡––Š‡”‘†”‘–ƒ–‡•™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ZǤ
ʹ
§ ʹ · §·
‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡α ¨ ¸ Z  ¨ ¸ Z ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
© ͳʹ ¹ ©ʹ¹
 § ʹ ʹ ·
›‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˜ ¨  ¸ Z Ÿ Z α͵˜Ȁʹ ˜
ʹ © ͳʹ Ͷ ¹
Problems based on Conservation of Angular Momentum
†

W‡š–
†–
†

ˆ W‡š– Ͳ Ÿ Ͳ Ÿ  ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ÿ ‹ ˆ
†–
If the resultant external torque acting on a system is zero then the total angular momentum of the
system remains constant.
ˆƒ•›•–‡‹•‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘‹–• •—””‘—†‹‰ƒ›‹–‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡‹–•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ”–• ƒ‘–ƒŽ–‡”
‹–•–‘–ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ
Š‡ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‰‘˜‡”• ƒ ™‹†‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••‡• ˆ”‘
•—„ƒ–‘‹ –‘ ‡Ž‡•–‹ƒŽ™‘”Ž†ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡šƒ’Ž‡•‡š’Ž‹ ƒ–‡•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Examples Based On COAM
Spinning Ice Skater.
•’‹‹‰‹ ‡•ƒ–‡”‘”ƒ„ƒŽŽ‡–†ƒ ‡• ƒ ‘–”‘ŽŠ‡”‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ„›‡š–‡†‹‰‘”ˆ‘Ž†‹‰Š‡”ƒ”•
ƒ†ƒ‡—•‡‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—–‘’‡”ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”•’‹•Ǥ †‘‹‰•‘‘‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
‹•‡‡†‡†ƒ†‹ˆ™‡‹‰‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”‘—†ƒ†–Š‡ƒ‹”ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— ƒ„‡
ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ ‘•‡”˜‡†ǤŠ‡•Š‡•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡”Šƒ†•‘”Ž‡‰•ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡•’‹ƒš‹•ǡŠ‡”‘‡–‘ˆ
‹‡”–‹ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡Š‡”ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†™Š‡•Š‡„”‹‰•Š‡”Šƒ†•‘”Ž‡‰• Ž‘•‡”
Š‡”‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ† ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›Š‡”ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
Student on rotating turntable 
Š‡•–—†‡–™‹–Š–Š‡†—„„‡ŽŽ•ƒ†–Š‡–—”–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ‡ƒ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†•›•–‡‘™Š‹ Š‘‡š–‡”ƒŽ–‘”“—‡
ƒ –•ȋ‹ˆ™‡‹‰‘”‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘‹–Š‡„‡ƒ”‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡–—”–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†ƒ‹””‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ȌǤ ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡•–—†‡–Šƒ•Š‹•
ƒ”• •–”‡– Š‡†Ǥ Š‡ Š‡ †”ƒ™• –Š‡ †—„„‡ŽŽ• Ž‘•‡ –‘ Š‹• „‘†›ǡ Š‹• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• †—‡ –‘
‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ

ƒ”‰‡”‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ†•ƒŽŽ‡” ƒŽŽ‡”‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ†Žƒ”‰‡”ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›

x ˆƒŽƒ†›•ƒ–‹‰‘‹ ‡™Š‹Ž‡•’‹‹‰ˆ‘Ž†• Š‡”ƒ”•–Š‡Š‡”Ǥ Ǥ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ† ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›̵Z̵

‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ

[ 114 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Illustration 39 šǯ Z šǯ Z
†‹• ‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–• 
ƒš‹•™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ZǤ‘™‹ˆƒƒ••ˆƒŽŽ• 
˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›‘‹–•”‹ƒ†•–‹ •–‘‹–ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†ǡˆ‹ƒŽ  
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘„‹‡†•›•–‡Ǥ
Solution:
ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘
Zͳ Zʹ š š
ͳ ʹ

 ʹ §  ʹ ·
Z ¨   ʹ ¸ Z̵
ʹ © ʹ ¹
§  ·
Z̵ ¨ ¸Z
©   ʹ ¹
Illustration 40 Z
ˆ‹•‡ –‰‘‡•ˆ”‘–‘–Š‡ˆ‹†Š‘™Z Šƒ‰‡•ǫ
Solution:
  
α Zα ‘•–ƒ–
‹•‡ –
ˆ”‘ –‘ǡ  p Z n
ˆ”‘  –‘ǡ  n Z p
‘ǡˆ”‘–‘ǣˆ‹”•–Zn ƒ†–Š‡Zp
Work, Power and Energy in Rotation
Rotational kinetic energy  Z
x Š‡‡‡”‰›’‘••‡••‡††—‡–‘”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆƒ„‘†›‹•‘™ƒ•
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ ˜ͳ
ͳ
x ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•™‹–Šƒ—‹ˆ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ZǤ ”ͳ

Š‡„‘†›‹•ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ ‘’‘•‡†‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳǡʹ ǤǤǤǤǤ

Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ”‡˜ͳ αZ”ͳǡ˜ʹ αZ”ʹǡǤǤǤǤǤ
”ʹ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†›‹•ǣ ʹ
˜ʹ
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ʹ
” ͳ ˜ ͳʹ  ʹ˜ ʹʹ  ǤǤǤ ȋͳ”ͳʹ  ʹ”ʹʹ  ǤǤǤȌZʹ Z
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ š‹•‘ˆ
x –‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ  ”‘–ƒ–‹‘

Ԧ ൯ and Rotational kinetic energy

Relation between angular momentum ൫‫ۺ‬
ͳ ʹ
α ,Z
ʹ
—Ž–‹’Ž›ƒ††‹˜‹†‡™‹–Š, ‘—‡”ƒ–‘”ƒ††‡‘‹ƒ–‘”Ǥ
ͳ ʹZʹ ʹ
α u ‹Ǥ‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ʹ ʹ
ˆ Wext 0 ǡ–Š‡ L α ‘•–ƒ–
ͳ
‘ǡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ v

ˆ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ

[Link] [ 115 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 41
’‡”•‘‹••–ƒ†‹‰‘–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰†‹• ™‹–ŠŠ‹•ƒ”••–”‡– Š‹‰‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•– ƒ•‡ƒ†–Š‡„‡”‡Žƒš‡†Š‹•
ƒ”•‹–Š‡•‡ ‘† ƒ•‡ǤŠƒ–™‹ŽŽŠƒ’’‡–‘–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡‹–Š‡•‡ ‘† ƒ•‡ǫ
Solution:
α ‘•–ƒ–
ʹ ͳ
α Ÿ v Ÿ ‘ǡƒ•‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡ ȋ,Ȍ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
ʹ
Total kinetic energy in combined translation and rotation
ˆ†—”‹‰”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›—†‡”‰‘‡•–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡„‘–Š
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ


Z 

”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘Ϊ‘–ƒ–‹‘

͵ Z”͵
͵
 ”͵
  Z

”ʹ
 ”ͳ
ʹ ʹ
Z”ͳ Z”ʹ

ͳ ͳ

—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ —”‡‘–ƒ–‹‘
ͳ ͳ
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ α ʹ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ α ,Zʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ
–‘–ƒŽ α–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ Ϊ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ Ÿ –‘–ƒŽ α ʹ Ϊ Zʹ
ʹ ʹ
’—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ǡ‡ƒ Šƒ†‡˜‡”› ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‘˜‡•™‹–Š•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ™‡ ƒ
†‡ˆ‹‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ’—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ͳ
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ α ʹ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ
 ƒ•‡‘ˆ’—”‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡„‘†›”‘–ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ™‡†‡ˆ‹‡‹‡–‹ 
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –ƒ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
ͳ
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ α Zʹ
ʹ
Š‡”‡  Ꮡ‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
‡ ‡ǡ–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –
ͳ ͳ
–‘–ƒŽ α–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ Ϊ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ Ÿ  –‘–ƒŽ ʹ   Zʹ
ʹ ʹ
Š‡ˆ‹”•––‡”•‹‰‹ˆ‹‡•–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†ƒ•–Š‡
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ǤŠ‡•‡ ‘†–‡”•‰‹˜‡•–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
Zʹ
‡ ‡ǡ™‡ ƒ ƒŽŽ–Š‡–‡”  ƒ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹†„‘†›Ǥ
ʹ

[ 116 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Work and power in rotation
—’’‘•‡ƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ ƒ –•‘–Š‡”‹‘ˆƒ’‹˜‘–‡††‹• ȏˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ‡””›Ǧ‰‘Ǧ
–ƒ

”‘—† ‘ ƒ ’Žƒ› ‰”‘—†ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ •‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž› ”—‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰ ™‹–Š ‹–Ǥ Š‡ †‹•  ”‘–ƒ–‡• –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ
‹ˆ‹‹–‡•‹ƒŽƒ‰Ž‡†T ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•†—”‹‰ƒ‹ˆ‹‹–‡•‹ƒŽ–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ†–Ǥ
ƒƒ’’Ž‹‡•
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡

ሬԦ–ƒ

Š‡™‘”†‘‡„›–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ –ƒ ™Š‹Ž‡ƒ›’‘‹–‘–Š‡”‹‘˜‡•ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡†•‹•†α –ƒ †•Ǥ

ˆ†T –Š‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰‹•ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ǡ–Š‡†•α†T ƒ† ? †α –ƒ†T

‘”“—‡†—‡–‘–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ –ƒ ‹•W α –ƒ ? †αW†T ǥȋ‹Ȍ

‘–ƒŽ™‘”†‘‡„›–Š‡–‘”“—‡†—”‹‰ƒƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–ˆ”‘Tͳ –‘Tʹ ‹•ǣ
Tʹ
 ³ Tͳ
W†T ȋ™‘”†‘‡„›ƒ–‘”“—‡Ȍ

ˆ–Š‡–‘”“—‡”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ Šƒ‰‡•„›ƒˆ‹‹–‡ƒ‘—–'T αTʹ Ȃ Tͳ –Š‡

αWȋTʹ Ȃ TͳȌαW'T ȋ™‘”†‘‡„›ƒ ‘•–ƒ––‘”“—‡Ȍ †•
‘” †‘‡ „› ƒ ‘•–ƒ– –‘”“—‡ ‹• –Š‡ ’”‘†— – ‘ˆ –‘”“—‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
 †T  ሬԦ୲ୟ୬
†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǥ
‡–W ”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡‡––‘”“—‡‘–Š‡„‘†›•‘ˆ‘”‡“—ƒ–‹‘W α,DǤ 
••—‡–Š‡„‘†›–‘„‡”‹‰‹†•‘–Šƒ–‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ ”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–ǡ
†Z †T
W†T ȋ D Ȍ†T †T †Z Z†Z ˜‡”Š‡ƒ†˜‹‡™‘ˆ
†– †–
‡””›Ǧ‰‘Ǧ”‘—†
‹ ‡W ‹•–Š‡‡––‘”“—‡ǡ–Š‡‹–‡‰”ƒŽ‹‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹‹Ȍ›‹‡Ž†–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‘”†‘‡
‘–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†›Ǥ
Zʹ
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
–‘–ƒŽ ³
Zͳ
Z †Z
ʹ
Zʹ  Zͳ
ʹ
Š‡ƒ–‘”“—‡‡š‡ —–‡•™‘”‘ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰”‹‰‹†„‘†›ǡ–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› Šƒ‰‡•„›ƒƒ‘—–
‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡™‘”†‘‡Ǥ
Rotational power
Š‡’‘™‡”ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡™‘”†‘‡„›–‘”“—‡ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†›ǣ
‹˜‹†‡„‘–Š•‹†‡•‘ˆ‡“—ƒ–‹‘†αW†T „›–Š‡–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ†–†—”‹‰™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–†T
‘ —”•Ǥ
† †T
? W
†– †–
•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘™‡”” αWZǤ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ” W˜Z
W ZǤ

[Link] [ 117 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Work-Energy Theorem in Rotational motion
‘”†‘‡„›–Š‡–‘”“—‡αŠƒ‰‡‹‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
 Zʹ  Zͳ
ʹ ʹ
Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ ƒ ”‹‰‹† „‘†› ‡“—ƒŽ• –Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ „› ‡š–‡”ƒŽ –‘”“—‡•
‡š‡”–‡†‘–Š‡„‘†›ǤŠ‹•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒƒŽ‘‰‘—•–‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘–Š‡™‘”Ǧ‡‡”‰›–Š‡‘”‡
ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
Illustration 42 κȀ͵ κȀ͵ κȀ͵
Ž‹‰Š–”‘† ƒ””‹‡•–Š”‡‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•ǡƒ†ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠƒ–   
™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‹–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†ǡ‹ˆ‹–‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǫ
Solution:
’’Ž›‹‰Žƒ™‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
‘••‹‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤǤα ƒ‹‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤǤ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ

ͳ§ § · · ʹ
ʹ ʹ
§ʹ · §ʹ · ͵͸‰ ʹ ͵ ‰
͵͸‰ ͺ‰
‰  ‰ ¨ ¸  ‰ ¨ ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸   ʹ
¸Z Ÿ Z Ǥ Ÿ ˜ Z
͵ ©͵ ¹ ¨
ʹ© ©͵¹ ©͵¹ ¸ ͳͶ

͵ ͳ
ͳͶ ͹
¹
Illustration 43
–Š‹‡–‡”• ƒŽ‡‹•‡’–˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ„›’Žƒ ‹‰‹–•Ž‘™‡”‡† Š‹‰‡†‘ κ
ˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ –‹•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘ˆƒŽŽǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‹–•—’’‡”‡†™Š‡‹– ʹ
κ 
Š‹–•–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ
Solution:
‘••‹α‰ƒ‹‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‰ ͳ ʹ
α Z
ʹ ʹ
‰ ͳ  ʹ ˜ʹ
Ÿ u ʹ
ʹ ʹ ͵
Ÿ˜ ͵‰
Illustration 44
Š‡ ’‘™‡” ‘—–’—– ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ—–‘‘„‹Ž‡ ‡‰‹‡ ‹• ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡† –‘ „‡ ʹͲͲ Š’ ƒ– ͸ͲͲͲ ”’Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡
‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘”“—‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†Ǥ
Solution:
α ʹͲͲέ͹Ͷ͸  αͳǤͶͻέͳͲͷ 
ʹS
Ƭ Z α͸ͲͲͲ”‡˜Ȁ‹α͸ͲͲͲέ α͸ʹͺ”ƒ†Ȁ•
͸Ͳ
 ͳǤͶͻ u ͳͲͷ
W αʹ͵͹ǤͷǦ
Z ͸ʹͺ

[ 118 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX-5
1. Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ„‘†› Šƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘Zͳ –‘Zʹ ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ’’Ž›‹‰‡š–‡”ƒŽ–‘”“—‡ǤŠ‡
ˆ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘–‘ˆ‹ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
PRM195
2. •–‘‡‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘ƒ•–”‹‰ƒ†‹•”‡˜‘Ž˜‡†‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ZǤ –Š‹••–ƒ–‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡•–”‹‰‹•”‡†— ‡†–‘ŠƒŽˆƒ†ƒ‰ƒ‹
‹–‹•”‡˜‘Ž˜‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Z –Š‡ˆ‹†‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ
PRM196
3. –Š‹—‹ˆ‘”–Š‹”‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–ŠA ‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘‘‡‘ˆ‹–•‡†•ƒ†‹•”‘–ƒ–‡†
ƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†Ǥ
PRM197
4. ™Š‡‡Ž‘ˆ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒͳͲ‰Ǧʹ ”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆͳͲ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•’‡”‹—–‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡
™‘”†‘‡‹‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–••’‡‡†–‘ͷ–‹‡•‘ˆ‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ
PRM198
5. •‘Ž‹†„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•͵ ‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•‘™ƒš‹•™‹–Šƒƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
‘ˆͷͲ”ƒ†‹ƒ•’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ ‹†‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
PRM199
6. Š‡•ƒ†‹•’‘—”‡†‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›‘–Š‡‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰†‹• ǡ™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡‹‹–•
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǫ
PRM200
7. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ™Š‡‡Žƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•͵ǤͲ—‹–•Ǥ –•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•
͸ͲͲ Ǥ ‹†‹–•’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
PRM201
8Ǥ Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ™Š‡‡Ž ‹• ͳͲͲͲ ‰ȂʹǤ – ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ‹•–ƒ–ǡ ‹–• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹•
ͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž”‘–ƒ–‡•–Š”‘—‰Šƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆͳͲͲ”ƒ†‹ƒ•ǡ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
–‘ͳͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ǡ
ȋƒȌ –‘”“—‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘–Š‡™Š‡‡ŽǤ ȋ„Ȍ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
PRM202
Introduction to Pure Rolling
Rolling Motion
Š‡ƒ„‘†›’‡”ˆ‘”•–”ƒ•Žƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•”‘–ƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘ ‘„‹‡†Ž›–Š‡‹–‹••ƒ‹†–‘—†‡”‰‘
”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••”‡’”‡•‡–•Ž‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘™Š‹Ž‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ„‘—––Š‡
‡–”‘‹†ƒš‹•”‡’”‡•‡–•”‘–ƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘Ǥ
Z
Z Z



 + = 
  Z

Z Z

—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ —”‡‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘

ƒ„‘—–

’—”‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘ǡƒŽŽ’‘‹–•‘˜‡™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Ǥ ’—”‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘

ƒ„‘—–ǡƒŽŽ’‘‹–•‘˜‡™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽƒš‹•Ǥ

[Link] [ 119 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Velocity of particle on a rolling object:
Z

  Zš
š š 
Zš
 + =
  

‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘

‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ƒ”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘„Œ‡ – ƒ„‡•‡‡„› ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ†

”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆ„‘†›™”–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Ǥ
Rolling without slipping (Pure rolling)

 
Z

x ˆ–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰„‘†›™‹–Š–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•œ‡”‘–Š‡‹–‹•

‘™ƒ•’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰Ǥ
x ˆƒ„‘†›‹•’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰”‘ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ›’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
‹•‰‹˜‡„› ˜ ˜   Zu 
—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰

˜ αZ

 ˜
 Z

‘–ƒ –’‘‹–

˜ α ˜ ΪZ α ˜ Ϊ˜ αʹ˜
Z

Z ˜ ͵ 
˜ α ˜ Ϊ α ˜ Ϊ  α ˜ 
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
 ˜
˜ α ˜ ΪͲ α ˜  

Z ˜  ͵  Ͷ
˜ α ˜ Ȃ α ˜   α ˜ 
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ 
˜ α ˜ Ȃ Z α ˜ Ȃ ˜ αͲ

[ 120 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
For contact point on ground
[Condition for pure rolling]
1. Case-I o ‹ˆ δZ
‘‹–ȋ™‹ŽŽ•Ž‹’„ƒ ™ƒ”†™”–‰”‘—†Ǥ –‹• ƒŽŽ‡†”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹–Š•Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥ
Z




Z 

Case-II o ‹ˆ εZ
Z

 

Z 


‘‹–™‹ŽŽ•Ž‹’ˆ‘”™ƒ”†™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‰”‘—†Ǥ –‹•ƒŽ•‘ ƒŽŽ‡†”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹–Š•Ž‹’’‹‰

Case-III o  αZ



Z 

‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’‘‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘Ǥ‘ ‹–™‹ŽŽ‘–•Ž‹’™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‰”‘—†Ǥ –‹• ƒŽŽ‡†’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰Ǥ‘ǡ
ˆ‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘‰”‘—†
 Z

Pure translational Pure rotational Rolling without slipping

   Z   ΪZαʹ

 αZ

Z
ξʹ
    αͲ   
+ 
    
Z
 ξʹ

Z
    Ȃ ZαͲ

[Link] [ 121 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ ‡–‹‘‡†„‘†›ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡ ‘’
ʹ
 αʹ˜
 α ʹ 
‡Ž‘ ‹–›’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡
 α ʹ 
 ˆ‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰
 αͲ „‘†›

K2
Value of for some objects
R2 
ȏ‹•”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰ŠȐ ,
1. Ring and Hollow Cylinder , 
ǡ
, αʹ
‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”
ʹ αʹ
ǡ 
ʹ
Ÿ ʹ ͳ


2. Disc and solid cylinder



, αʹ
, ǡ
 ʹ ʹ
 ‘Ž‹†›Ž‹†‡”
ʹ ‹• ȋǡȌ

ʹ ͳ 
Ÿ
ʹ ʹ
3. Hollow sphere and Solid sphere
, αʹ , , αʹ 

ʹ ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ ʹ ‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡
ʹ αʹ ʹ αʹ
͵ ͷ
ǡ ǡ
ʹ ʹ
 ʹ  ʹ
Ÿ Ÿ
ʹ ͵ ʹ ͷ
§ ʹ · ʹ
‘ǡ ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ¨ ʹ ¸
‹•ƒš‹—ˆ‘””‹‰‘” ‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”αͳƒ†‹‹—ˆ‘”•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡α αͲǤͶ
© ¹ ͷ

Total kinetic energy of a purely rolling objects

ȋȌ–‘–ƒŽ αȋȌ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ ΪȋȌ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ʹ
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ § ʹ · ͳ ͳ 
α ʹ  Z
ʹ
α ʹ   ʹ u Zʹ α ʹ   ¨ ʹ ¸ u ȋ ʹZʹ Ȍ α ʹ  ʹ u ʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ © ¹ ʹ ʹ 
ͳ ª ʹ º
Ÿ –‘–ƒŽ α ʹ «ͳ  »
ʹ ¬ ʹ ¼

ͳ ͳ § ʹ ·
Š‡”‡ǡ ʹ o ȋȌ”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ† ʹ u ¨ ʹ ¸
o ȋȌ‘–ƒ–‹‘
ʹ ʹ © ¹

[ 122 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Fraction of total K.E. in form of translational K.E. (KTr) and Rotational K.E. (KRot)
ͳ ͳ ʹ
ʹ ʹ u ʹ
ȋȌ” ʹ ͳ ȋȌ‘– ʹ  ʹ Ȁ  ʹ
α α
ȋȌ‘–ƒŽ ͳ §  · §
ʹ
ʹ · ȋȌ‘–ƒŽ ͳ § ʹ · § ʹ ·
ʹ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸ ʹ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸ ¨¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸¸
ʹ ©  ¹ ©  ¹ ʹ ¨  ¸
© ¹ ©  ¹
ͳ ʹ
ʹ u ʹ
ȋȌ‘– ʹ  ʹ
ȋȌ” ͳ ʹ
ʹ
ʹ
‘ǡ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ  ‘– –‘  ” ƒ†‹”‡ –Ž›‰‹˜‡•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –Ǥ

ʹ ” ͳ ” ͳ ‘– ʹ Ȁ  ʹ

Body ʹ ‘– § ʹ · ‘–ƒŽ § ʹ · ‘–ƒŽ § ʹ ·
¨¨ ʹ ¸¸ ¨¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸¸ ¨¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸¸
© ¹ ©  ¹ ©  ¹
ͳ ͳ
‹‰ ͳ ͳ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ʹ ͳ
‹• ʹ
ʹ ͵ ͵
ʹ ͷ ͷ ʹ
‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡
ͷ ʹ ͹ ͹
ʹ ͵ ͵ ʹ
’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ
͵ ʹ ͷ ͷ
ͳ ʹ ͳ
‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡” ʹ
ʹ ͵ ͵
ͳ ͳ
‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡” ͳ ͳ
ʹ ʹ
Illustration 45
Š‡ƒ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ̵,̵”‘ŽŽ•†‘™ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
Solution:
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ˜ʹ ʹ
Z u  ʹ u ʹ
‘–
u ͳͲͲ ʹ u ͳͲͲ ʹ ͷ  u ͳͲͲ ͷ u ͳͲͲ ʹͺǤ͸Ψ
‘–ƒŽ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ª  ʹ
º ʹ
˜  Z ˜ «ͳ  ʹ » ͳ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ¬  ¼ ͷ
Illustration 46
”‹‰‘ˆƒ••ȋǡȌƒ†•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••ȋǡȌ‹•’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǤŠ‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› –‘–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ™‹ŽŽ„‡‘”‡ˆ‘”ǫ
Solution:
” ͳ ǡ
‘””‹‰ǣ ’Š‡”‡ ǡ
–‘–ƒŽ ʹ ‹‰
” ͷ
ƒ†ˆ‘”•’Š‡”‡ǣ —”‡
–‘–ƒŽ ͹ ‘ŽŽ‹‰
? •’Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‘”‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡‡”‰‹‡•Ǥ

[Link] [ 123 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 47
ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•ͷͲΨ‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡
Solution:
‘–
u ͳͲͲ ͷͲΨ
‘–ƒŽ
ʹ ʹ
 ʹ u ͳͲͲ ͷͲ Ÿ  ʹ ͳ ʹ
Ÿ ͳ ? ‘†› ƒ„‡”‹‰‘”Š‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
 
Conservation of Mechanical Energy and Rolling with Slipping
Work energy theorem application
‘”ƒ„‘†›’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘‘˜‡”ƒˆ‹š‡†•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ™‘”†‘‡„›ˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡
œ‡”‘ ƒ• ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ ƒŽ™ƒ›• œ‡”‘ǡ †—”‹‰ ’—”‡ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ •–ƒ–‹  ˆ”‹ –‹‘ ƒ –•
„‡–™‡‡‘„Œ‡ –ƒ†‰”‘—†Ǥ••–ƒ–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ ƒ‘–†‘ƒ›™‘”‘ƒ•›•–‡ǡ•‘–Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‘Ž‘••‘ˆ
‡‡”‰›†—‡–‘ˆ”‹ –‹‘‹’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǡ•‘™‡ ƒƒ’’Ž› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ȏȐ
Illustration 48
‹†˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘ˆŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰‰”‘—†ǡ‹ˆ•’Š‡”‡ƒ‹–ƒ‹•’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–
‘–‹‘ǫȏ••—‡δδ ȐǤŽ•‘ˆ‹††‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘‘•’Š‡”‡†—”‹‰”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǫ
ǡ ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡

ˆ
”‘—‰Š



Solution:
’’Ž› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ǣ
ͳ Ϊͳ αʹ Ϊʹ
ͳ ª ʹº ͷ ͸‰
«ͳ  ͵ »  Ͳ Ÿ ‰ α ͸  Ÿ  α ͷ
ʹ ʹ
ͲΪ‰ α 
ʹ ¬ ¼
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǡ αZ
‘ǡƒ• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•†—”‹‰”‘ŽŽ‹‰•‘Z —•–ƒŽ•‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǡ•‘–‘”“—‡‘ˆ
ˆ”‹ –‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡ Ž‘ ™‹•‡ǡƒ†ˆ”‹ –‹‘—•–„‡—’™ƒ”†ƒŽ‘‰’Žƒ‡Ǥ
Illustration 49
†‹• ‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘”‡•–’‡”ˆ‘”•
ˆ
’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ǫ
Solution: Š
”‘—‰Š Z
Šαͳͷ•‹͵͹ι
͵͹ι   αǫ
͵
Šαͳͷέ αͻ
ͷ

[ 124 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
’’Ž›‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
‰ Ϊ Ϊˆ αˆ Ȃ ‹
§ͳ ͳ · § ͳ  ʹ ʹ ͳ ·
‰Š ΪͲΪͲα ¨ u u Zʹ  
ʹ
¸  ȋͲ  ͲȌ Ÿ ‰έͻΪͲΪͲα ¨ Z   ʹ ¸  Ͳ
©ʹ ʹ ¹ ©ʹ ʹ ʹ ¹

ͳ § ·
ʹ
ʹ
ͻ‰α  ¨    ʹ ¸ Ÿ ͸‰α  Ÿ   α ͳʹ‰
ʹ © ʹ ¹ ʹ

Rolling with slipping

Š‡ƒ„‘†›”‘ŽŽ•‘ƒ •—”ˆƒ ‡—†‡”‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡„‘†›ȋ‹ˆƒ›Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡•–ƒ–‹ 
‹ƒ–—”‡ǡŽ‡••–Šƒ‹–•Ž‹‹–‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ—–‹ˆ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –”‘ŽŽ•™‹–Š•Ž‹’’‹‰–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡
‹‡–‹ ‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
Ȉ ƒ–—”‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ•‡•ƒ••—‹‰–Š‡„‘†›‹•’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›”‹‰‹†
ȋ‹Ȍ ‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰
Z
‘–ƒ –’‘‹–‘‘„Œ‡ –†‘‘–•Ž‹’”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘’‘‹–‘ 
•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ’‘‹–—•–„‡‡“—ƒŽ–‘˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ 
’‘‹–Ǥ 
 α
 Ȃ Zα•—”ˆƒ ‡
‘ǡˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ†’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ αZ
Z
—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹ŽŽ ‘–‹—‡ 
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ εZ‘” δZ ‘—‰Š•—”ˆƒ ‡

Z


•‘‘–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡

‘ˆ”‹ –‹‘ˆ‘” ‡„—–‘–’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰Ǥ

ȋ‹˜Ȍ εZ
ˆ εZ ‘–ƒ –’‘‹–•Ž‹’•ˆ‘”™ƒ”†•‘‹‡–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘ Z

™‹ŽŽƒ –‹„ƒ ™ƒ”††‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ•‘ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ƒ†Z 

‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• Z  ‘—‰Š
ˆ •—”ˆƒ ‡
Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ™Š‡  Z ǡ’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰•–ƒ”–•

ȋ˜Ȍ ˆ δZ

ˆ δZǡ ‘–ƒ –’‘‹–•Ž‹’•‹„ƒ ™ƒ”††‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ•‘
Z
‹‡–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘™‹ŽŽƒ –‹ˆ‘”™ƒ”††‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ–Š‹•‹‡–‹ 

ˆ”‹ –‹‘™‹ŽŽƒ –‹ˆ‘”™ƒ”††‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ–Š‹•‹‡–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘
ˆ
™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ƒ††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡Zǡ•‘ƒˆ–‡”•‘‡–‹‡Ǥ
Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ  Z ǡ’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹ŽŽ•–ƒ”–•Ǥ

[Link] [ 125 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ȋ˜‹ȌαZȋ‹‹–‹ƒŽȌ

Z


‘‘–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡

‘ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ†‘’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰
ȋ˜‹‹Ȍ αZȋ‹‹–‹ƒŽȌ
–ƒ–‹ ˆ”‹ –‹‘™Š‘•‡˜ƒŽ—‡ ƒŽ‹‡„‡–™‡‡œ‡”‘ƒ†ρ Z

™‹ŽŽƒ –‹„ƒ ™ƒ”††‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ ˆ ‘Ǧ‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘
‹••—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž›Š‹‰Šǡ–Š‡ˆ• ‘’‡•ƒ–‡•ˆ‘”‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ ˆ• ‘—‰Š
†—‡–‘ „›‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰Z ƒ†„‘†›ƒ› ‘–‹—‡‹’—”‡
”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ZǤ
Illustration 50
‹•
†‹• ’Žƒ ‡†‘ƒ”‘—‰Š•—”ˆƒ ‡•— Š–Šƒ–‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• Ͷǡ
œ‡”‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™Š‡’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰•–ƒ”–•ǫ Ͳ
Solution:
‘—‰Š
Z αͲ
’’Ž›‹‰ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–Ǥ
ȋ
‹ ȌͲ ȋˆ ȌͲ

ª ͳ º ‹•
ȏȂ Ͷ‘ȐΪȏͲȐαȏȂ Ͷ ȐΪ «  u Ͷ ʹZ» Ͷǡ
Ͷ Ͷǡ
¬ ʹ ¼
Ͳ 
ͳ ˆ Z
Ÿ Ȃ Ͷ‘αȂ Ͷ Ȃ έͶ  Ͳ 
ʹ
ʹ‘
Ÿ Ȃ Ͷ‘αȂ ͸  Ÿ 
͵
Accelerated Pure Rolling D
‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ αZ Z
‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰‹ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡† ‘–‹‘ǡ‹ˆ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡••‘‘‡‰ƒ 

† † † Z 
ȋZȌƒŽ•‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ Ÿ ȋZȌ α
†– †– †–

Ÿ ƒ D o Condition for accelerated pure rolling

Z
 ƒ
Š‡”‡ǡD ა‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ƒ ƒ–
ƒ αƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
ƒ
Ȉ ‘ǡȋ ƒ‡– Ȍ α ƒ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘  ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ Z

‘ǡȋ ƒ‡– Ȍ α ƒ  ƒ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽŽ  ƒ –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽŽ

[ 126 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
Ȉ ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ƒŽ•‘‘˜‹‰

Z 


Z  
•—”ˆƒ ‡
 •—”ˆƒ ‡

‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǡ
D 
 α
  Z •—”ˆƒ ‡
D  ƒ
ƒ† ƒ ƒ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ
 ƒ’Žƒ
?ƒ D ƒ’Žƒ

Illustration 51
ˆ ’—”‡ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘ —”•ǡ ˆ‹†”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡D ƒ†ƒǫ D

Solution:
‘†‹–‹‘ ƒ ͳ α ƒʹ ƒ

Zʹ 
ƒȂ D α ƒʹ ȓ –Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ˆ‹š‡†ǡ? ƒʹ αͲȔ D ͳ ƒ
Ÿ ƒαD ʹ

Rolling motion on an inclined plane


„‘†›‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™ƒ’Žƒ‡‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡T ƒ D
ˆ
™‹–Š–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤŠ‡„‘†›”‘ŽŽ•™‹–Š‘—–•Ž‹’’‹‰ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡
„‘†›‘˜‡•‹ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡Ǥš–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„‘†›ƒ”‡ǣ T Š
ƒ ‡‹‰Š–‰‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›†‘™™ƒ”†•–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–‡”‘ˆ ‰
ƒ••Ǥ T
ƒ Š‡‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡Ǥ
ƒ Š‡ˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ˆƒ –‹‰—’™ƒ”†•ƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡Ǥ
‘”Ž‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘ ‰•‹T Ȃ ˆαƒ Ǣ ‘”ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘–‹‘W αˆα,D
§ ˆ ʹ · § ˆ ʹ · ‰ •‹ T
”‘–Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘ˆ‘”’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ƒαDŸ ‰•‹T Ȃ ˆα ¨ ¸ α ¨ ʹ ¸
Ÿ ˆα
© ¹ ©  ¹ § ʹ ·
¨ͳ  ʹ ¸
©  ¹

‰ •‹ T
—–ˆd ρ‰ ‘•T Ÿ d ρ‰ ‘•T
§ ʹ ·
¨ͳ  ʹ ¸
©  ¹
–ƒ T –ƒ T
Ÿρt Ÿ ˆ‘” ’—”‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰ρ‹ α
§  · ʹ
§ ʹ ·
¨ͳ  ʹ ¸ ¨ͳ  ʹ ¸
©  ¹ ©  ¹

[Link] [ 127 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Rolling Motion on an inclined plane
ȋ‹Ȍ ‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡
’’Ž›‹‰‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›’”‹ ‹’Ž‡
ͳ ͳ ʹ
‰Š α ˜ ʹ  Z
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ § ˜ʹ ·
‰Š α ˜ ʹ  ʹ ¨ ʹ ¸
ʹ ʹ © ¹

ͳ ʹ § ʹ · Z 
‰Š α ˜ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸ ǤǤǤȋ‹Ȍ ‘ŽŽ‹‰„‘†›
ʹ ©  ¹
˜
Š α••‹T ǤǤǤȋ‹‹Ȍ
Š‡‹‰Š– Š •
ˆ”‘ȋ‹ȌƬȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ‰Š ʹ‰••‹ T
˜ ‘ŽŽ‹‰  Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡
ʹ ʹ T
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
 
ʹ
Š‡–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡• Ͳ
ʹ
? ‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‡–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡• ˜ •Ž‹†‹‰ ʹ‰Š ʹ‰••‹ T Ÿ ˜•Ž‹†‹‰ ε˜”‘ŽŽ‹‰

ȋ‹‹Ȍ  ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
˜ʹ α—ʹ Ϊʹƒ• ȋ —αͲȌ
? ˜ʹ αʹƒ•
ʹ‰••‹ T ‰ •‹ T
ʹƒ• Ÿ ƒ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰
§ ʹ · § ʹ ·
¨ͳ  ʹ ¸ ¨ͳ  ʹ ¸
©  ¹ ©  ¹
K2
Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡• 0
R2
 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™Š‡–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡• ƒ•Ž‹†‹‰ ቕ‹T Ÿ ƒ•Ž‹†‹‰ 僔‘ŽŽ‹‰
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‹‡–ƒ‡„›–Š‡”‘ŽŽ‹‰„‘†›–‘”‡ƒ Š–Š‡„‘––‘
ͳ ʹ ʹ• Š
• ƒ– Ÿ – ǡ •
ʹ ƒ •‹ T

ʹ• § ʹ · ʹŠ § ʹ · ͳ ʹŠ § ʹ ·
– ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ¨ ͳ  ¸ ¨ ͳ  ¸ ¨ ͳ  ¸
‰ •‹ T © ʹ ¹ ‰ •‹ʹ T © ʹ ¹ •‹ T ‰ © ʹ ¹

ʹ
Š‡–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡•ǡ Ͳ
ʹ
ʹ• ʹŠ ͳ ʹŠ
‹‡‘ˆ†‡• ‡–™Š‡–Š‡„‘†›•Ž‹†‡• – •Ž‹†‹‰
‰ •‹ T ‰ •‹ʹ T •‹ T ‰
•‘ –”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ε–•Ž‹†‹‰
Note: ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–„‘†‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘”‘ŽŽ†‘™‘ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡–Š‡–Š‡„‘†›™‹–Š

[ 128 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
ʹ Z
ȋ‹Ȍ Ž‡ƒ•– ™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Šˆ‹”•– ‘ŽŽ‹‰„‘†›
ʹ
˜ͳ
ʹ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ƒš‹— ʹ ™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ ŠŽƒ•– Z

ʹ ˜ʹ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‡“—ƒŽ ™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Š–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ
ʹ T
ȋ‹˜ȌŠƒ‰‡‹‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›†—‡–‘”‘ŽŽ‹‰˜ʹ ε˜ͳ

ͳ § ʹ · ͳ § ʹ · ͳ § ʹ · ʹ ʹ
˜ʹʹ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸  ˜ͳʹ ¨ ͳ  ʹ ¸  ¨ ͳ  ¸ ˜ʹ  ˜ͳ
ʹ ©  ¹ ʹ ©  ¹ ʹ © ʹ ¹
ȋ˜Ȍ ‘ŽŽ‹‰˜Ȁ•Ž‹†‹‰
˜ •Ž‹†‹‰ ƒ •Ž‹†‹‰ ʹ
˜ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ǡ ƒ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ǡ – ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ – •Ž‹†‹‰ ͳ  
ʹ ʹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ
ʹ ʹ
˜”‘ŽŽ‹‰ δ˜•Ž‹†‹‰ ǡ ƒ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ 䃕Ž‹†‹‰ ǡ –”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ε–•Ž‹†‹‰
‘’ƒ”‹•‹‘„‡–™‡‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ‘ˆ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘
Translatory Motion Rotatory Motion
†’
’ †

Ȉ Ȉ W
†– †–
Ȉ F maa Ȉ W ID
ID
Ȉ ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–— ȋ’Ȍǡ
’Ȍ ’ ˜
˜ Ȉ ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— ȋȌǡ
Ȍ  Z
ͳ ͳ ʹ
Ȉ ”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ  ˜ ʹ Ȉ ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ  Z
ʹ ʹ
Ȉ ‘”†‘‡ W F
[Link] ȋ ‘•–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡Ȍ Ȉ ‘”†‘‡ W W.T ȋ ‘•–ƒ––‘”“—‡Ȍ
Ȉ  ³ †•• ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘” ‡
Ǥ†• Ȉ  ³ WǤ††TT ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡–‘”“—‡
Ȉ ‘™‡” Ȉ ‘™‡”
† Ǥ†•
†•• † WǤ† T
†T
 Ǥ˜
˜  WǤZ
†– †– †– †–
Ȉ ‘”Ȃ‡‡”‰›–Š‡‘”‡ Ȉ ‘”Ȃ‡‡”‰›–Š‡‘”‡
ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
 ˜ ʹ  ˜ ͳ  Zʹ  Zͳ
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
Ȉ ‹‡ƒ”‹’—Ž•‡ Ȉ ‰—Žƒ”‹’—Ž•‡
–‹•–Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆŽƒ”‰‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ† –‹•’”‘†— –‘ˆŽƒ”‰‡–‘”“—‡ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ
–‹‡
–Š‡•ƒŽŽ–‹‡ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š‹–ƒ –• ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š‹–ƒ –•
'’ '
W
'– '–
’—Ž•‡Ȃ‘‡–—–Š‡‘”‡ ‰—Žƒ” ’—Ž•‡Ȃ‘‡–—–Š‡‘”‡
'’ '
'–– α ’—Ž•‡ '–– ᐉ—Žƒ”‹’—Ž•‡
' W'

[Link] [ 129 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 52
 „‘†› ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ”ǡ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ ‘ ƒ
•‘‘–Š Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ˆŽ‘‘”ǡ ”‘ŽŽ• —’ ƒ ”‘—‰Š ‹””‡‰—Žƒ” ‹ Ž‹‡†
h
’Žƒ‡—’–‘ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŠ‡‹‰Š–ȋ͵˜;ȀͶ‰ȌǤ‘’—–‡–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ
‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ† ‘‡–‘‹–••Šƒ’‡ǫ
Solution:
ͳ ͳ
‘–ƒŽ ”  ‘– α ˜;Ϊ ,Z;
ʹ ʹ
ͳ
Ÿ α ˜;ȏͳΪȋ,Ȁ”ʹȌȐ ȏƒ•˜α”ZȐ
ʹ
Š‡‹–”‘ŽŽ•—’‘ƒ‹””‡‰—Žƒ”‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡‘ˆŠ‡‹‰Š–Šαȋ͵˜;ȀͶ‰Ȍǡ‹–•‹•ˆ—ŽŽ› ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘ǡ
‘ǡ „› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
ͳ ʹª º ª ͵˜ ʹ º
˜ «ͳ  ʹ » ‰ « » ™Š‹ Š‘•‹’Ž‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‰‹˜‡•, αȋͳȀʹȌ”ʹǤ
ʹ ¬ ” ¼ ¬ Ͷ‰ ¼
Š‹•”‡•—Ž– Ž‡ƒ”Ž›‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡„‘†›‹•‡‹–Š‡”ƒ†‹• ‘”ƒ ›Ž‹†‡”Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-6
1. Š‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡™Š‹ Š‹•‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ͵Ͳι–‘–Š‡
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǤ ‹†‹–••’‡‡†ƒˆ–‡”–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‹‰ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆͳͲǤ
PRM203
2. ™Š‡‡Ž‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒˆ‹š‡†ƒš‹•Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Žƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‡‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‹•͵Ͳ”ƒ†‹ƒ•Ȁ•ƒ†‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•͵͸ͲŒ‘—Ž‡•Ǥ
PRM204
3. ™‘—‹ˆ‘”‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ†‹• •”‘ŽŽ†‘™‘–™‘‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡•‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š•ƒ†ʹ•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ•
•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘†‹• •ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–•ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡
‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡•ǫ

ʹ• •
Š

˜ʹ D D ˜ͳ
 

PRM205
4. ”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ ƒ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ Š‘ŽŽ‘™ •’Š‡”‡ ‹• ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ’‡” ‡– ‘ˆ ‹–• –‘–ƒŽ
‡‡”‰›Ǥ
PRM206

[ 130 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWER KEY

BEGINNER'S BOX-1
ͻͲ
1. ȋƒȌ ͳʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǣ ȋ„Ȍȋ‹ȌȂ ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ Ǣ ȋ‹‹ȌʹͶS 
S
2. ȋȌ 3. ȋȌ 4. ȋȌ
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
͸
1. Ͷͺ‰Ǧʹ 2. ͳǣ ʹ 3. ͳǣͶ 4. ͵‰Ǧʹ 5.
ͷ
6. ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒŠ‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡Žƒ”‰‡”ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡–‘ƒ†‹• „‡ ƒ—•‡‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••
‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘”‡”‹•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡Žƒ––‡”Ǥ
7. ’‘‡†‘‘– ƒ””›— Šƒ••Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‹•Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡”‹ǤŠ‹•‰‹˜‡• › Ž‡™Š‡‡Ž‘”‡
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒˆ‘”•ƒ‡ƒ••Ǥ
Š‡–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ƒ›‘’’‘•‹–‹‘‹–Š‡—‹ˆ‘””‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘ǡƒ•–‡ƒ†›ƒ†•‘‘–Š
‘–‹‘ ƒ„‡•‡‡‹–Š‡„‹ › Ž‡„›‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒǤ
P Ͷ ƒʹ ͵
8.  α͸Ͷ  9. 10. α ȋʹ ڏ͵Ȍ 11. ʹ
͸ Ͷ ʹ
ʹ
12. –™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ‰ƒ‹α  ʹ ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒš‹•‹“—‡•–‹‘‹•ƒŽ•‘†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡•’Š‡”‡Ǥ
ͷ
BEGINNER'S BOX-3

1. ͹Œƶ  ͷƶ
W ͳͳ‹ƶ  ͹
2. „‘—–’‘‹–‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‹•Ž‡••–Šƒ•‘‹–‹•‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘”‘–ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—–’‘‹–
3. ȋȌ 4. ȋȌ 5. ȋȌ 6. ȋȌ
7. ȋȌ 8. ȋȌ
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
1. ȋȌ
2. Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ„‘—– ‘”‹‰‹™‹ŽŽ „‡ œ‡”‘ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‰‹˜‡ •–”ƒ‹‰Š– Ž‹‡ ’ƒ••‡•
–Š”‘—‰Š‘”‹‰‹ǡ•‘Ž‹‡‘ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ‘‡–—ȌƒŽ•‘’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‹•’‘‹–Ǥ
3Ǥ ͶέͳͲȂ͵ ǢͺέͳͲȂͶ Ǧ•
BEGINNER'S BOX-5

Zʹ  ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
1. 2. 3.  S ˆ 4. ͳ͵ͳǤ͸
Zͳ Ͷ ͵
S
5. ͲǤͶͷ 6. ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡Ǥ 7. α
ͳͲ
8Ǥ ȋƒȌͶǤͻͷέͳͲͶȂ ȋ„ȌͶǤͻͷέͳͲ͸
BEGINNER'S BOX-6
˜ͳ
1. ͹Ȁ• 2. ͲǤͺ‰Ȃʹ 3. ͳ 4. ͸Ͳ
˜ʹ

[Link] [ 131 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - I
KINEMATICS OF ROTATIONAL MOTION 7. Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”
1. Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’ƒ‹”•†‘‘–ƒ– ŠǣǦ ƒ„‘—–‹–•‘™ƒš‹•‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•‹–•‘‡–
ȋͳȌ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘™‡”Ȃ ‘—Ž‡Ȁ•‡ ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–•
ȋʹȌ–‘”“—‡Ǧ‡™–‘‡–‡” ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ƒ† ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ‹–•
ȋ͵Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–Ǧ”ƒ†‹ƒ
Ž‡‰–ŠǤŠ‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‹–•Ž‡‰–Šƒ†
ȋͶȌƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ ”ƒ†‹ƒȀ•‡
PRM001 ”ƒ†‹—•‹•
2. ŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†›‘˜‡ ȋͳȌ  ʹ ȋʹȌ  ͵
‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š™Š‡–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǣǦ ȋ͵Ȍα͵ ȋͶȌα
ȋͳȌ’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Šƒ›’‘‹–‹–Š‡„‘†›
PRM007
ȋʹȌ‹••‹–—ƒ–‡†‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡„‘†›
ȋ͵Ȍ•‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ›™Š‡”‡ 8. ‘—” •‹‹Žƒ” ’‘‹– ƒ••‡• ȋ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆƒ••Ȍ
ȋͶȌ’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•• ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ
PRM002 ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ǤŠ‡Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
3. ƒ ‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ǣǦ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ‘”ƒŽ ƒš‹• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡–”‡ 
ȋͳȌ –Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”‹• ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒƒ–‘–Š‡”’Žƒ ‡•Ǥ
ȋʹȌ –Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘” 
‹•‘”‡–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–’‘Ž‡•Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ –Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ ‡•
ƒ––Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•‡“—ƒŽǡ„—–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ͳ
‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Ǥ ȋͳȌʹ ΪͶʹ ȋʹȌ ʹ ΪͶʹ
ȋͶȌ ƒ–ƒŽŽ’Žƒ ‡•–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†Ž‹‡ƒ” ʹ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ”‡—‹ˆ‘”Ǥ ͺ
ȋ͵Ȍʹ Ϊ ʹ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
PRM003 ͷ
4. Š‡“—ƒ–‹–›‘–‹˜‘Ž˜‡††‹”‡ –Ž›‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ PRM009
‘–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹• 9. › –Š‡ –Š‡‘”‡ ‘ˆ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” ƒš‡•ǡ ‹ˆ ƒ
ȋͳȌ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ ȋʹȌ–‘”“—‡
„‘†›„‡‹ǦǦ’Žƒ‡–Š‡ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋͶȌƒ••
PRM004 ȋͳȌ š Ȃ › α œ ȋʹȌ š Ϊ œ α ›
MOMENT OF INERTIA ȋ͵Ȍ š Ϊ › α œ ȋͶȌ › Ϊ œ α š
5. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒ‰‹˜‡ PRM010
ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘†‡’‡†•—’‘ǣǦ 10. Š‡ –Š‡‘”‡ ‘ˆ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” ƒš‡• ‹• ‘–
ȋͳȌ–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ•• ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘‡– ‘ˆ
ȋʹȌ †‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆ„‘†›ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒš‹• ‹‡”–‹ƒ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ †‹ƒ‡–‡”ǡ ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡
‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰„‘†›ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
ȋͳȌ•’Š‡”‡ ȋʹȌ†‹•
ȋͶȌƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
PRM005 ȋ͵Ȍ”‹‰ ȋͶȌ„Žƒ†‡
6.  ˆŽ› ™Š‡‡Ž ‹• •‘ ‘•–”— –‡† –Šƒ– ƒŽ‘•– PRM011
™Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ‹–•ƒ•• ‹• ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡† ƒ– ‹–• ”‹ǡ 11. Š‡ ƒš‹•  ƒ†  ‹ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ †‹•  ƒ”‡
„‡ ƒ—•‡ǣǦ —–—ƒŽŽ› ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” ƒ† Ǧƒš‹• ‹•
ȋͳȌ ‹–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• Ǥ ˆ–Š‡
ˆŽ›Ǧ™Š‡‡Ž ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ƒ„‘—–ƒ†
ȋʹȌ ‹–†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡
ƒš‡• ‹• ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ͵Ͳ ‰ ʹ ƒ† ͶͲ ‰ ʹ
ˆŽ›Ǧ™Š‡‡Ž
ȋ͵Ȍ‹–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ›Ǧ™Š‡‡Ž –Š‡Ǥ Ǥƒ„‘—–Ǧƒš‹•‹‰ʹ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋͶȌ‹–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡’‘™‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ›Ǧ™Š‡‡Ž ȋͳȌ͹Ͳ ȋʹȌͷͲ ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ȋͶȌ‡”‘
PRM006 PRM012

[ 132 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
12.  •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡ ƒ† ƒ Š‘ŽŽ‘™ •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ 17. ‘—” ’‘‹– ƒ••‡• ȋ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ƒ•• Ȍ ƒ”‡
•ƒ‡ ƒ•• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ǥ Ǥ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” ƒ””ƒ‰‡† ‹– –Š‡ Ǧ ’Žƒ‡ –Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”•ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹‹ ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ””ƒ›‘ˆƒ••‡•ƒ„‘—–Ǧƒš‹•‹•
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ 
ƒ ȋƒǡƒȌ
ȋͳȌͳǣʹ ȋʹȌ ͵ ǣ ͷ ȋ͵Ȍ ͷ ǣ ͵ ȋͶȌͷǣͶ
ƒ ȋʹƒǡͲȌ
PRM013  ƒ 
13. Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ •“—ƒ”‡ Žƒ‹ƒ ȋͲǡͲȌ ƒ
ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” ƒš‹• –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–• ȋƒǡȂƒȌ
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ʹͲ‰ǦʹǤŠ‡ǡ‹–•‘‡– ȋͳȌƒʹ ȋʹȌʹƒʹ ȋ͵ȌͶƒʹ ȋͶȌ͸ƒʹ
‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•–‘— Š‹‰‹–••‹†‡ƒ† PRM018
‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ‹ƒ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ 18. Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ Šƒ• –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•–
ȋͳȌͳͲ‰Ǧʹ ȋʹȌ͵Ͳ‰Ǧʹ ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ™Š‡‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡Šƒ•–Š‡
ȋ͵ȌͶͲ‰Ǧʹ ȋͶȌʹͷ‰Ǧʹ •ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ†–Š‡•ƒ‡”ƒ†‹—•ǫ
PRM014 ȋͳȌ ƒŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—–‘‡‘ˆ‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”•
14. Š‡ Ǥ Ǥ ‘ˆ ƒ –Š‹ ”‘† ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š κ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ ȋʹȌ ƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ„‘—–‘‡‘ˆ‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”•
ȋ͵Ȍ ƒ†‹• ƒ„‘—–‹–• ‡–”ƒŽƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‹•–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‹• ǤŠ‡
–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•
Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡•–”— –—”‡ƒ†‡„›ˆ‘—”•— Š
ȋͶȌ ƒ”‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–• ‡–”ƒŽƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
”‘†•ƒ„‘—–ƒ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‹•–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡
–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Ǥ
ƒ†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
PRM019
ȋͳȌͶ ȋʹȌͺ ȋ͵Ȍͳʹ ȋͶȌͳ͸
19. ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•‘Ž‹††‹• ‘ˆƒ••
PRM015 ͳͲ‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•‹•ͲǤͶͲǡ–Š‡–Š‡‘‡–
15. Š‡ —”˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ƒ„‘—––Šƒ–ƒš‹•‹•
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ••˜‡”•—•†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ȋͳȌͳǤ͸‰ʹ ȋʹȌ͵Ǥʹ‰ʹ
ƒš‹•ˆ”‘‹–• ‡–”‡ǫ ȋ͵Ȍ͸ǤͶ‰ʹ ȋͶȌͻǤͷ‰ʹǤ
PRM020
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ 20. ˆ ͳǡ ʹ ƒ† ͵ ƒ”‡‘‡–•‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†
š š •’Š‡”‡ǡŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ƒ†ƒ”‹‰‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••
ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ƒ„‘—– ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ ƒš‹•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‘ˆ
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–Š‘Ž†•‰‘‘†ǫ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ ͳ ε ʹ ε ͵ ȋʹȌ ͵ ε ʹ ε ͳ
š š ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ε ͳ ε ͵ ȋͶȌ ʹ ε ͵ ε ͳ
PRM016 PRM021
16. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ”‹‰‘ˆƒ••ƒ† 21. Š”‡‡–Š‹—‹ˆ‘””‘†•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ†
”ƒ†‹—•ƒ„‘—–ƒš‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ Ž‡‰–Šƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡–Š”‡‡ƒš‹• ‘ˆƒ
ȋͳȌʹ  
ƒ”–‡•‹ƒ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•›•–‡™‹–Š‘‡‡†‘ˆ
 ‡ƒ Š”‘†ƒ––Š‡‘”‹‰‹ǤŠ‡Ǥ Ǥ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡
 ʹ
ȋʹȌ ƒ„‘—–œǦƒš‹•‹•
ʹ 
 ̵ ʹ ʹʹ
͵ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ͵ ͵
ʹ
̵  ʹ
ȋͶȌʹʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌʹ
͸
PRM017 PRM022

[Link] [ 133 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
22. ‘—”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ 27Ǥ Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ ‹” —Žƒ”
‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ•‹†‡Ž‡‰–ŠAǤ Š‡”ƒ†‹—• †‹• ƒ„‘—–ƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒš‹•‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• †‹• ƒ†‘ˆƒ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡”ƒ†‹—•
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ •“—ƒ”‡ ƒ† ’ƒ••‹‰ ƒ„‘—–ƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽƒš‹•‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰
–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–”‡‹•ǣȂ ‹•ǣȂ
ȋͳȌʹǣͳ ȋʹȌ ͷ ǣ ͸
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ʹ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣ͵ ȋͶȌ ͳǣ ʹ
ȋ͵ȌA ȋͶȌ ʹ PRM028
PRM023 28. Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ”‡•‹–—ƒ–‡†
23. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ”‘†‘ˆƒ••ƒ† ƒ––Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡
Ž‡‰–Š  ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‘‡ ‘ˆ•‹†‡A ȋƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌǤ
‡†‰‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•Ž‡‰–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ„‘—–ƒ
ʹ ʹ Ž‹‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘ƒ†‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ͳʹ ͸ ‘ˆǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌʹ ȋͳȌʹAʹ
͵
PRM024 ͷ   
ȋʹȌ Aʹ
24.  ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ‹•–‘„‡ƒ†‡„›—•‹‰‹”‘ƒ† Ͷ
A A
ƒŽ—‹‹— •‘ –Šƒ– ‹– ƒ “—‹”‡† ƒš‹— ͵
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—–‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•Ǥ –‹• ȋ͵Ȍ Aʹ
ʹ  A 
’‘••‹„Ž‡™‹–Šǣ ͵  
ȋͳȌƒŽ—‹‹—ƒ–‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ†‹”‘•—””‘—†‡† ȋͶȌ Aʹ
Ͷ
–‘‹–Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ‹”‘ƒ–‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ†ƒŽ—‹‹—•—””‘—†‡† PRM029
–‘‹–Ǥ 29. •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆƒ••ʹͲ‰Šƒ•Ž‡‰–Šͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ —•‹‰‹”‘ƒ†ƒŽ—‹‹—Žƒ›‡”•‹ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‡ ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤʹǤŠ‡‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ
‘”†‡”Ǥ ȋ‹‰ǦʹȌƒ„‘—–‹–•‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•‹•ǣȂ
ȋͶȌ •Š‡‡– ‘ˆ ‹”‘ ‹• —•‡† ƒ– „‘–Š ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ȋͳȌͲǤͺ‰Ǧʹ ȋʹȌͲǤͶ‰Ǧʹ
•—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ† ƒŽ—‹‹— •Š‡‡– ƒ• ‹–‡”ƒŽ ȋ͵ȌͲǤʹ‰Ǧʹ ȋͶȌʹͲǤʹ‰Ǧʹ
Žƒ›‡”Ǥ PRM030
PRM025 30. Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ”‹‰
25. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‹”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‹• ȋ”ƒ†‹—•ǡƒ••Ȍƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•™Š‹ Š’ƒ••‡•
‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘ǣȂ –Š”‘—‰Š–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•
ȋͳȌƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘ ’Žƒ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
ȋʹȌƒ••‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘
 ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍˆ”‡“—‡ ›‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘–‹‘ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌʹ
ȋͶȌ —””‡– ʹ
PRM026 ͵
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ȋͶȌʹʹ
26. ™‘ ”‘†• ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† Ž‡‰–Š A ƒ”‡ ʹ
PRM032
Œ‘‹‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‡–”‡ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ ”‘••Ǥ Š‡
31. Šƒ–‹•–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‹• ”‘••ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•
’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘‘ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹ƒ‡–‡”ǫ
”‘†•ƒ† ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ˆ‘”‡†  ʹ
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌ
„›–Š‡ǡ‹•ǣȂ ʹ
 ʹ  ʹ  ʹ  ʹ ͵ ͷ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ȋͶȌ ʹ
ͳʹ ͸ ͵ ʹ Ͷ Ͷ
PRM027 PRM033

[ 134 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
32. –Š‡”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”Žƒ‹ƒ•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ ȋͳȌ ‘”‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡
 α ȀʹǤ Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘†— ‡†‹ȋƒȌ
Žƒ‹ƒ ‹• ‹‹— ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ ȋʹȌ ‘”‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡
–Š”‘—‰ŠǣǦ ’”‘†— ‡†‹ȋ„Ȍ
   ȋ͵Ȍ •ƒ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡
’”‘†— ‡†‹„‘–Š ‘†‹–‹‘•
 ȋͶȌ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹•‹ ‘’Ž‡–‡
PRM038
 
37. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͷ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ƒ„‘—–‹–•‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒš‹•‹•ʹ‰ǦʹǤ ˆƒ•–”‹‰
PRM034 ‹• –‹‡† –‘ ‹–• ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ƒ† ƒ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ
33. Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ•• ͳͲ‡™–‘‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ǡ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–‘”“—‡™‹–Š
ƒ† •ƒ‡ ”ƒ†‹—• Šƒ• ‹‹— ‘‡– ‘ˆ ”‡•’‡ ––‘–Š‹•ƒš‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
‹‡”–‹ƒǫ ȋͳȌʹǤͷǦ ȋʹȌͷǦ
ȋͳȌ‹‰ ȋʹȌ‹• ȋ͵ȌͳͲǦ ȋͶȌʹͲǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ ȋͶȌ‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ PRM039
PRM035 38.  –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ “—‡•–‹‘ǡ ‹ˆ –Š‡ †‹•  ‡š‡ —–‡•
TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES ”‘–ƒ–‘”›‘–‹‘ǡ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ
AND TOPPLING „‡ǣǦ
34.  ”‹‰ ƒ† ƒ •‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ƒ•• ƒ† ȋͳȌʹǤͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ ȋʹȌͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ
”ƒ†‹—• ƒ”‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ȋ͵ȌͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ ȋͶȌʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ʹ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”†‹ƒ‡–”‹ ƒš‡•–Š‡ǣǦ PRM040
ȋͳȌ‹–‹•‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘•–‘’–Š‡”‹‰ 39. –Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡“—‡•–‹‘ǡ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ȋʹȌ‹–‹•‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘•–‘’–Š‡•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒˆ–‡”ʹ•‡ ‘†•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ‹–‹•‡“—ƒŽŽ›†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––‘•–‘’„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ ȋͳȌʹǤͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ȋʹȌͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡
ȋͶȌ‹–‹•‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘•–‘’ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†› ȋ͵ȌͳͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ȋͶȌʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡
PRM036 PRM041
35. ‘” ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡™–‘̵• •‡ ‘† 40. –Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡“—‡•–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”
Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡†„›ǣǦ ‘‡–—‘ˆ†‹• ‹ˆ‹”•–ʹ•‡ ‘†•ȋ‹
’
†’ •‡ ‘†Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡Ǧ
ȋͳȌZʹʹ Zͳʹ  ʹDT ȋʹȌ ȋͳȌʹǤͷ ȋʹȌͷ
†–
ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ȋͶȌʹͲ
†
 PRM042
ȋ͵Ȍ W ȋͶȌ ͳʹ ʹͳ
†– 41. –Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡“—‡•–‹‘ǡƒ‰—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–
PRM037 ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹• ǡ ‹ ˆ‹”•– –™‘ •‡ ‘† ™‹ŽŽ „‡
36. –Š‡ˆ‹‰ǤȋƒȌŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡‡–‡”• ƒŽ‡‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆ ȋ‹”ƒ†‹ƒȌǣǦ
™‘‘† ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ •–‡‡ŽǤ Š‡ ȋͳȌʹǤͷ ȋʹȌͷ ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ȋͶȌʹͲ
™‘‘†‡ ’ƒ”– ‹• ’‹˜‘–‡† ƒ– Ǥ  ˆ‘” ‡  ‹• PRM043
ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ•–‡‡Ž’ƒ”–Ǥ ˆ‹‰—”‡ȋ„Ȍ 42. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘
–Š‡ •–‡‡Ž ’ƒ”– ‹• ’‹˜‘–‡† ƒ– ̵ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰™‹–Šƒƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘DǤŠ‡
•ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ‡ ‹• ƒ’’Ž‹‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ™‘‘†‡ ‡† –‘”“—‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•
ȋ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ȌǣǦ ͳ
™‘‘† •–‡‡Ž •–‡‡Ž ™‘‘† ȋͳȌ  ʹD ȋʹȌʹD
ʹ
  ̵
ͳ
̵ ȋ͵ȌʹȀD ȋͶȌ  ʹDʹ
Ͷ
ȋƒȌ ȋ„Ȍ PRM044

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43. Š‡‰”‹†‹‰•–‘‡‘ˆƒˆŽ‘—”‹ŽŽ‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ– 50. ˆ αͷͲ‰Ǧʹǡ–Š‡Š‘™— Š–‘”“—‡™‹ŽŽ„‡
͸ͲͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ Ǥ ‘”–Š‹•ǡ’‘™‡”‘ˆͳǤʹ™ƒ––‹• ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘•–‘’‹–‹ͳͲ•‡ Ǥ –•‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”
—•‡†Ǥ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ –‘”“—‡ ‘ •–‘‡ ‹ Ȃ •’‡‡†‹•ʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ǤǣȂ
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ ȋͳȌͳͲͲǦ ȋʹȌͳͷͲǦ
ȋͳȌͳ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌͶ ȋ͵ȌʹͲͲǦ ȋͶȌʹͷͲǦ
PRM045
PRM053
44. ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•Ǥ‘•–‘’
51.  ˆ‘” ‡ ƶ ƶ
ʹ‹  ͵ ƒ –• ‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ–
–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡–‘ƒ’’Ž›ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ’”‡••—”‡ ȋʹȌˆ‘” ‡ ” Ͳ
ͲǤͷŒ
ͷ ʹƶ Ǥ Š‡ –‘”“—‡ W ƒ –‹‰ ‘ –Š‡
ͷŒƶ  ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ‘‡–— ȋͶȌ–‘”“—‡
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘ƒ’‘‹–™‹–Š ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•
PRM046
ȋʹǤͲǡͲǡȂ͵ǤͲȌ‹•
45. ™Š‡‡ŽŠƒ•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒͷέͳͲȂ͵ ‰ʹ
ƒ†‹•ƒ‹‰ʹͲ”‡˜Ȁ•‡ ǤŠ‡–‘”“—‡‡‡†‡† ƶ 
ȋͳȌ ȋ ͵ǤͲ‹ƶ  ͶǤͷŒƶ  Ȍ
–‘•–‘’‹–‹ͳͲ•‡ ‹•ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤέͳͲȂʹ ǦǣȂ ƶ 
ȋʹȌ ȋ͵‹ƶ  ͸Œƶ  Ȍ
ȋͳȌʹS ȋʹȌʹǤͷS ȋ͵ȌͶS ȋͶȌͶǤͷS
PRM047 ƶ 
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋʹͲ‹ƶ  ͶǤͲŒƶ  Ȍ
46.  ™Š‡‡Ž Šƒ˜‹‰ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ʹ ‰Ȃʹ ƶ 
ȋͶȌ ȋ ͳǤͷ‹ƶ  ͶǤͲŒƶ  Ȍ
ƒ„‘—– ‹–• ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ƒš‹•ǡ ”‘–ƒ–‡• ƒ– –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ
͸Ͳ”’ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•ǤŠ‡–‘”“—‡™Š‹ Š ƒ PRM054
•–‘’–Š‡™Š‡‡Žǯ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹‘‡‹—–‡™‘—Ž† 52. ˆƒŽƒ††‡”‹•‘–‹„ƒŽƒ ‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ•‘‘–Š
„‡ǣȂ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ™ƒŽŽǡ–Š‡‹– ƒ„‡ƒ†‡‹„ƒŽƒ ‡
S S „›ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ Ȃ ȋʹȌ Ȃ
ͳʹ ͳͷ ȋͳȌ‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆŽƒ††‡”
S ʹS ȋʹȌ  ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆŽƒ††‡”
ȋ͵Ȍ Ȃ ȋͶȌ Ȃ
͵Ͳ ͳͷ ȋ͵Ȍ  ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘
PRM048 ȋͶȌ‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘
47.  ‘•–ƒ– –‘”“—‡ ƒ –‹‰ ‘ ƒ —‹ˆ‘” PRM055
‹” —Žƒ” ™Š‡‡Ž Šƒ‰‡• ‹–• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ANGULAR MOMENTUM
‘‡–—ˆ”‘Ͳ –‘ͶͲ ‹Ͷ•‡ ‘†•ǤŠ‡ 53. Š‡‰”ƒ’Š„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— 
ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‹•–‘”“—‡‹•ǣȂ ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Z ˆ‘”ƒ„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
͵
ȋͳȌ Ͳ ȋʹȌͲ ȋ͵ȌͶͲ ȋͶȌͳʹͲ
Ͷ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
PRM049
48. Š‡ ‘•–ƒ– –‘”“—‡ ‹• ƒ –‹‰ ‘ ƒ „‘†› Z Z
–Š‡ǣȂ
ȋͳȌ „‘†› ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ‹–• •–ƒ–‡ ‘” ‘˜‡• ‹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™‹–Š•ƒ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
Z Z
ȋʹȌ ƒ “—‹”‡Ž‹‡ƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ ƒ “—‹”‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ PRM056
ȋͶȌ ”‘–ƒ–‡•™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› 54. Š‡ ƒ ƒ•• ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ‹ ƒ ’Žƒ‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ
PRM051 ˆ‹š‡†’‘‹–ǡ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•†‹”‡ –‡†
49. ˆ –‘”“—‡ ‘ ƒ „‘†› ‹• œ‡”‘ǡ –Š‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒŽ‘‰
‘•‡”˜‡†ǣ ȋͳȌ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•
ȋͳȌˆ‘” ‡ ȋʹȌ–Š‡–ƒ‰‡––‘‘”„‹–
ȋʹȌŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–— ȋ͵Ȍ Ž‹‡ ƒ– ƒ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ Ͷͷι –‘ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
ȋͶȌƒ‰—Žƒ”‹’—Ž•‡ ȋͶȌ–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
PRM052 PRM057

[ 136 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
55. ”‹‰‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰ƒ††‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤͶ‡–‡” 61. Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ„‘†›‹•”‘–
‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽƒš‹•ƒ–ͳʹͲͲ ƒ† ‹–• ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‹• Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
”‘–ƒ–‹‘• ’‡” ‹—–‡Ǥ –• ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘‡–—‘ˆ„‘†›‹•
ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǣǦ ȋͳȌ ”‘– ȋʹȌ ʹ  ”‘–
ȋͳȌͲǤͶ‰Ǧʹ ƒ†ͷͲǤʹͺ Ǧ•
ȋʹȌͲǤͶ‰Ǧʹ ƒ†ͲǤͶ Ǧ• ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ  ”‘– ȋͶȌʹ ”‘–
ȋ͵ȌͷͲǤʹͺ‰Ǧʹ ƒ†ͲǤͶ Ǧ• PRM064
ȋͶȌͲǤͶ‰Ǧʹ ƒ†œ‡”‘ 62. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‰›”ƒ–‹‘
PRM058 ͲǤͳ  ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹•Ǥ ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
56. Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ •’‡‡† ‹• ͳͲ ”ƒ†Ȁ•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–—
‘‡–• ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ͻ ‰Ǧʹ ƒ† ͳ‰Ǧʹ ƒ”‡ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
•ƒ‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‹•ǣǦ ȋͳȌͳ‰ʹȀ• ȋʹȌͲǤͳ‰ʹȀ•
ȋͳȌ͵ǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣ͵ ȋ͵Ȍͻǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣͻ ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲ‰ʹȀ• ȋͶȌͳͲ‰ʹȀ•
PRM059 PRM065
57. ˆƒ‘ˆ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒͲǤ͸‰ʹ ‹•–‘”— 63.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͳǤͲ ‰ ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ‘ ƒ
—’–‘ ƒ ™‘”‹‰ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ͲǤͷ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ’‡” ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ʹǤͲƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ
•‡ ‘†Ǥ †‹ ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘””‡ – ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͲ”‘–ƒ–‹‘•‹͵ͳǤͶ•ǤŠ‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ǡȋ‹‰ʹȀ•Ȍ‹•ǣǦ
‡–”‡ʹ ‡–”‡ʹ ȋͳȌͳǤͲ ȋʹȌͳǤͷ ȋ͵ȌʹǤͲ ȋͶȌͶǤͲ
ȋͳȌ ͲǤ͸S ‰ u ȋʹȌ ͸S ‰ u
•‡ •‡ PRM066
‡–”‡ ʹ
S ‡–”‡ʹ 64. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰‹ƒ’Žƒ‡‹ƒ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͵S ‰ u ȋͶȌ ‰ u ‹” —Žƒ” ’ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ”Ǥ –• ƒ‰—Žƒ”
•‡ ͸ •‡
PRM060 ‘‡–—‹•ǤŠ‡ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰
58.  „‘†› ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ– ‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž –‘ šǦƒš‹•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ȋͶȌ ͵
‘‡–—™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‘”‹‰‹ǣȂ ” ” ” ”
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•™‹–Š–‹‡ PRM067
ȋʹȌ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•™‹–Š–‹‡ CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
ȋ͵Ȍ†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡ 65.  •–‘‡ ƒ––ƒ Š‡† –‘ ‘‡ ‡† ‘ˆ •–”‹‰ ‹•
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆƒ„‘˜‡ ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡† ƒ”‘—† ƒ •–‹  •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ •–”‹‰
PRM061 ™‹†• —’‘ –Š‡ •–‹  ƒ† ‰‡–• •Š‘”–‡‡†Ǥ
59. ƒ‘”„‹–ƒŽ‘–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— Šƒ–‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†ǫ
˜‡ –‘”‹•ǣȂ ȋͳȌƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
ȋͳȌƒŽ‘‰–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•˜‡ –‘” ȋʹȌŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—
ȋʹȌ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–— ȋ͵Ȍ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
ȋ͵Ȍ‹–Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
ȋͶȌ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ’Žƒ‡ PRM068
PRM062 66.  ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡• ‘‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‹
60. ™‘ „‘†‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡‹” ‘‡–• ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ͳͲ•‡ Ǥƒ†‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‹•ͳͲͲ‰ǦʹǤ
 ƒ† ʹ  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” ƒš‹• ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘‘ˆͷͲ‰Ǥƒ•••–ƒ†•ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡
”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ –Š‡‹” ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰‹‡• ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡’‡”•‘‘˜‡•ʹ
ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽǡ–Š‡‹”ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—™‹ŽŽ„‡‹ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–”‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣȂ ”‘–ƒ–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡ȋ‹”ƒ†Ȁ•‡ ȌǤ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
ȋͳȌͳǣʹ ȋʹȌ ʹ ǣͳ ʹS ʹͲS ʹS
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌʹS
ȋ͵Ȍ ͳǣ ʹ ȋͶȌʹǣͳ ͵Ͳ ͵Ͳ ͵
PRM063 PRM069

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
67. ‡Ž–‹‰‘ˆ‹ ‡‘–Š‡’‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šǡ‹–• 73. ’‡”•‘‹••–ƒ†‹‰‘–Š‡‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ ‹” —Žƒ”
‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ™‹ŽŽǣǦ ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š
‹–• ‡–”‡ ƒ† ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ
ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡
’Žƒ–ˆ‘”Ǥ ˆ’‡”•‘‹•‘˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒ›”ƒ†‹—•
ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†
–‘™ƒ”†• ƒš‹• ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ –Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽǣȂ
PRM070 ȋͳȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡
68. ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š Ž‘•‡• ‹–• ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ •—††‡Ž›ǡ ȋʹȌ ”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†
–Š‡–Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†ƒ›™‹ŽŽǣǦ ȋ͵Ȍ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ȋͶȌ †ƒ–ƒ‹•‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–
ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ PRM076
74. –Š‹ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•Ǯ”ǯ‹•
ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†
”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ȋͶȌ‘–Š‹‰ ƒ„‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‡Ž›•ƒ‹† ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ZǤ ‘—”‘„Œ‡ –•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ǡƒ”‡
PRM071 ‡’– ‰‡–Ž› –‘ –Š‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‡ ‡†• ‘ˆ –™‘
69. ™Š‡‡Ž‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ƒ–ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” †‹ƒ‡–‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹‰Ǥ Š‡
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ ˆ•—††‡Ž›ƒ‘„Œ‡ –•–‹ • ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
–‘‹–‘–Š‡”‹ǡ–Š‡‹–•Ǥ Ǥ™‹ŽŽǣǦ Z Z
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ Ͷ   Ͷ
ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ȋ  ͶȌZ ȋ  ͶȌZ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†    Ͷ
ȋͶȌ‘–Š‹‰ ƒ„‡•ƒ‹† PRM077
PRM072 75Ǥ ”‘—††‹• ‘ˆ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ ʹ ƒ„‘—–‹–•
ƒš‹• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ‹–• ’Žƒ‡ ƒ† ’ƒ••‹‰
70.  –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ “—‡•–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‹•’Žƒ ‡†‘˜‡”ƒ‘–Š‡”†‹• 
™‹ŽŽǣȂ ‘ˆ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ͳ ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Z ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒš‹•Ǥ Š‡
ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ‘– Šƒ‰‡ †‹• •‹•ǣȂ
ȋͶȌ‘–Š‹‰ ƒ„‡•ƒ‹† Z
ȋͳȌZ ȋʹȌ ͳ
PRM073 ͳ  ʹ

71. ƒ–‹••‹––‹‰ƒ––Š‡‡†‰‡‘ˆƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰†‹• Ǥ ȋ ͳ  ʹ ȌZ Z
 ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ʹ
ˆ–Š‡ƒ–”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†ǡƒˆ–‡”‘˜‹‰ ͳ ͳ  ʹ
ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ PRM078
†‹• ™‹ŽŽǣǦ 76. ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ™‹–Š
ȋͳȌ”‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ– ”‡•’‡ ––‘–‹‡‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣȂ
ȋʹȌˆ‹”•–†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ȋͳȌƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ȋʹȌƒ‰—Žƒ”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍˆ‹”•–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡
ȋ͵Ȍ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ
ȋͶȌ  ”‡ƒ•‡ ‘–‹—‘—•Ž› ȋͶȌ–‘”“—‡
PRM074 PRM079
72. Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ „‘†› ”‡ƒ‹• 77.  •ƒŽŽ •–‡‡Ž •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• –‹‡† –‘ ƒ
‘•‡”˜‡†‹ˆǣȂ •–”‹‰ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ” ƒ† ‹• ™Š‹”Ž‡† ‹ ƒ
ȋͳȌƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡‘„‘†›‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ ™‹–Š ƒ —‹ˆ‘” ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ȋʹȌƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘”“—‡‘„‘†›‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ʹZǤŠ‡•–”‹‰‹••—††‡Ž›’—ŽŽ‡†ǡ•‘
ȋ͵Ȍƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡‘„‘†›‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ –Šƒ– ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹” Ž‡ ‹• ŠƒŽ˜‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‡™
ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ„‡
ȋͶȌƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘”“—‡‘„‘†›‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
ȋͳȌʹZ ȋʹȌͶZ ȋ͵Ȍ͸Z ȋͶȌͺZ
PRM075 PRM080

[ 138 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
78. ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™‡”‡–‘•—††‡Ž› ‘–”ƒ ––‘ŠƒŽˆ ͵ͲͲͲ
84.  ˆŽ›™Š‡‡Ž ‹• ƒ‹‰ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘• ’‡”
‹–• ’”‡•‡– •‹œ‡ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› Šƒ‰‡ ‹ ‹–• S
ƒ••ǡ–Š‡†—”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡™†ƒ›™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‹—–‡ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ
ȋͳȌͳͺŠ‘—”• ȋʹȌ͵ͲŠ‘—”•
‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ›™Š‡‡Žƒ„‘—––Šƒ–ƒš‹•‹•ͶͲͲ‰ʹǡ‹–•
ȋ͵Ȍ͸Š‘—”• ȋͶȌͳʹŠ‘—”•
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•
PRM081
79. •–‘‡‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘–Š‡‡†‘ˆƒ•–”‹‰ƒ† ȋͳȌʹέͳͲ͸ ȋʹȌ͵έͳͲ͵
™Š‹”Ž‡†‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǡ–Š‡ǣȂ ȋ͵ȌͷͲͲSʹ ȋͶȌͳʹέͳͲ͵
ȋͳȌ ‹–• Ž‹‡ƒ” ƒ† ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ƒ”‡ PRM087
‘•–ƒ– 85. ”‹‰‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰™‹–Š‘—–•Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥ –•‡‡”‰›‘ˆ
ȋʹȌ ‘Ž›Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‹• ‘•–ƒ– –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‹•Ǥ –•–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›™‹ŽŽ„‡ ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‹–• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‹• ‘•–ƒ– „—–
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌͶ
Ž‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—‹•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡
PRM088
ȋͶȌ„‘–Šƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡
PRM082 86.  –Š‹ Š‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡” ‘’‡ ƒ– „‘–Š ‡†•
PURE ROLLING AND KINETIC ENERGY •Ž‹†‡•™‹–Š‘—–”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ†–Š‡”‘ŽŽ•™‹–Š‘—–
80. –Š‹”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘‘‡ •Ž‹’’‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡•’‡‡†ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
‡†ƒ†”‘–ƒ–‡†™‹–Š”‘–ƒ–‹‘•’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰‹‡•‹–Š‡–™‘ ƒ•‡•‹•
Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†™‹ŽŽ ȋͳȌͳǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣʹ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣͶ
„‡ǣ PRM089
ͳ
ȋͳȌʹʹSʹʹ ȋʹȌ ʹSʹʹ 87. •‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”‘ŽŽ•‘
ʹ
ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ™‹–Š‘—– •Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥ Š‡
ʹ ͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹSʹʹ ȋͶȌ ʹSʹʹ ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤǤ–‘–‘–ƒŽǤǤ‹•ǣȂ
͵ ͸
PRM083 ͳ ͵ ʹ ʹ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
81. Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ„‘†›‹•Ǥ  ʹ ͹ ͹ ͳͲ
–Š‡ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽ–‘”“—‡ǡ‹ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ PRM090
„‘†› ‹• ŠƒŽ˜‡† ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ 88. †‹• ‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡™‹–Š‘—–
†‘—„Ž‡†ǡ –Š‡ ‹–• ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› •Ž‹’’‹‰–Š‡™Šƒ–ˆ”ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ‹–•–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ ™‹ŽŽ„‡‹ˆ‘”‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǣȂ
ȋͳȌͲǤͷ ȋʹȌͲǤʹͷ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌʹ
ȋͳȌͳǣ͵ ȋʹȌͳǣʹ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣ͹ ȋͶȌʹǣͷ
PRM084
PRM091
82. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•†‡• ”‹„‹‰ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”
’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”™‹–Š—‹ˆ‘”•’‡‡†Ǥ ˆ‹•–Š‡ 89.  ™Š‡‡Ž ‹• ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ™‹–Š ƒ
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ȋƒ„‘—––Š‡ •’‡‡†‘ˆʹȀ•ǤŠ‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ”
ƒš‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡Ȍǡ–Š‡–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–•ƒ––Š‡‡š–”‡‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹• Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Ž‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘
ʹ ʹ ʹ”ʹ ȋͳȌ ʹ ͳͲ Ȁ• ȋʹȌ ʹ ͵ Ȁ•
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ” ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
”ʹ ʹ”ʹ 
PRM085 ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ʹ Ȁ• ȋͶȌʹȀ•
83. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’‡”ˆ‘”•—‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ PRM092
™‹–Šƒƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡ › 90. ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‹• ͷͲΨ ‘ˆ –‘–ƒŽ
‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡̵•‘–‹‘‹•†‘—„Ž‡†ƒ†‹–•‹‡–‹  ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›–Š‡–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
‡‡”‰›ŠƒŽ˜‡†ǡ–Š‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—„‡ ‘‡•
ȋͳȌ”‹‰ ȋʹȌ ›Ž‹†‡”
 
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌͶ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋ͵ȌŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ ȋͶȌ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡
ʹ Ͷ
PRM086 PRM093

[Link] [ 139 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
91.  „ƒŽŽ ”‘ŽŽ• ™‹–Š‘—– •Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ROLLING MOTION ON AN INCLINED PLANE
‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒŽŽ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ 97.  †‹•  ”‘ŽŽ• †‘™ ƒ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š  ƒ†
–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•Ǥ ˆ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹ Ž‹‡† ƒ– ƒ‰Ž‡ Tǡ ™‹–Š‘—– •Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥ –•
„ƒŽŽ „‡ ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –‘–ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‡„‘––‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‹–•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”‰›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
Ͷ‰•‹ T ʹ‰•‹ T
ʹ   ʹ ʹ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ ͵ ͵
ʹ ʹ
ʹ ʹ ͳͲ‰•‹ T
ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ȋͶȌ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ Ͷ‰•‹T
  ʹ
  ʹ ͹
PRM094 PRM100
92. ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ 98. •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽƒ†ƒ•‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆ•ƒ‡
ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ‹• †‘—„Ž‡† ƒ† ‹–• ‘‡– ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—•”‘ŽŽ•†‘™ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘
‹‡”–‹ƒ ŠƒŽ˜‡†ǡ –Š‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
™‹ŽŽ Šƒ‰‡†„›ƒˆƒ –‘”‘ˆǣǦ ȋͳȌͳͷǣͳͶ ȋʹȌͻǣͳͲ
ȋͳȌͶ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌͳȀʹ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣ͵ ȋͶȌ͵ǣͷ
PRM095
PRM101
93. ˆƒ•’Š‡”‡‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹–•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
99.  ”‹‰ –ƒ‡• –‹‡ –ͳ ƒ† –ʹ ˆ‘” •Ž‹†‹‰ †‘™
‡‡”‰›–‘–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•‰‹˜‡„›
ƒ†”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š
ȋͳȌ͹ǣͳͲ ȋʹȌʹǣͷ ȋ͵ȌͳͲǣͷ ȋͶȌʹǣ͹
PRM096  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ˆ‘” ”‡ƒ Š‹‰ –Š‡ „‘––‘Ǥ Š‡
94. ’‡”•‘ǡ™‹–Š‘—–•–”‡– Š‡†ƒ”•ǡ‹••’‹‹‰ ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–ͳ ƒ†–ʹ ‹•ǣǦ
‘ ƒ ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ •–‘‘ŽǤ ‡ •—††‡Ž› „”‹‰• Š‹• ȋͳȌ ʹ ǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣ ʹ
ƒ”• †‘™ –‘ Š‹• •‹†‡•Ǥ Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍͳǣʹ ȋͶȌʹǣͳ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–”—‡ƒ„‘—–•›•–‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› PRM102
ƒ†ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ǫ 100. •‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™‘‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡
ȋͳȌ‘–Šƒ†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡Ǥ ˆ”‘”‡•–ƒ†ƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”„Ž‘ ‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••
ȋʹȌ‘–Šƒ†”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†Ǥ
‹•ƒŽ•‘•Ž‹’’‹‰†‘™•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›ˆ”‘”‡•–
ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
‘ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”•‘‘–Š‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡Ǥ
ȋͶȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•„—–”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
ȋͳȌ „‘–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ „‘––‘
PRM097
95.  —‹ˆ‘” –Š‹ ”‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͲǤͶ ‰ ”‘ŽŽ• •‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›
™‹–Š‘—–•Ž‹’’‹‰‘ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹–Š ȋʹȌ –Š‡•’Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Š–Š‡„‘––‘ˆ‹”•–
ƒ Ž‹‡ƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ͳͲ Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡ ‹‡–‹  ȋ͵Ȍ –Š‡”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”„Ž‘ ™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Š–Š‡„‘––‘
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰‹•ǣǦ ˆ‹”•–Ǥ
ȋͳȌͶέͳͲȂ͵ ȋʹȌ ͶέͳͲȂʹ ȋͶȌ †‡’‡†•‘†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
ȋ͵ȌʹέͳͲȂ͵ ȋͶȌʹέͳͲȂʹ PRM103
PRM098 101. ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‹‡• –ƒ‡ „› ƒ
96. „‘†›‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰™‹–Šƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—Ǥ —‹ˆ‘”•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡
ˆ ‹•‹–•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ ƒ•• ƒ† –Š‡ •ƒ‡ †‹ƒ‡–‡” –‘ ”‘ŽŽ †‘™
”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•ǣǦ
–Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ •ƒ‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ ”‡•– ‘ ƒ
ͳ ͳ
ȋͳȌ ʹ ȋʹȌ  ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡Ǥ
ʹ ʹ
ȋͳȌͳͷǣͳͶ ȋʹȌ ͳͷ ǣ ͳͶ
ͳ ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋ ʹ Ȁ Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ʹ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍͳͷʹ ǣͳͶʹ ȋͶȌ ͳͶ ǣ ͳͷ
PRM099 PRM104

[ 140 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
102. „‘†›‘ˆƒ•••Ž‹†‡•†‘™ƒ‹ Ž‹‡ƒ† 105. •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”‘ŽŽ•
”‡ƒ Š‡• –Š‡ „‘––‘ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ™‹–Š‘—– •Ž‹’’‹‰ †‘™ ƒ ‹ Ž‹‡† ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ
•ƒ‡ƒ••™‡”‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ”‹‰™Š‹ Š Ž‡‰–Šƒ†Š‡‹‰Š–ŠǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‹–•
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••™Š‡–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡””‡ƒ Š‡•‹–•
”‘ŽŽ•†‘™–Š‹•‹ Ž‹‡ǡ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰
„‘––‘ǣȂ
ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡
͵
ȋͳȌ˜ ȋʹȌ ˜ ʹ ȋͳȌ ʹ‰Š ȋʹȌ ‰Š
Ͷ
˜ § ʹ· Ͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ¨ ˜
ʹ ¨ ͷ ¸¸ ȋ͵Ȍ
͵
‰Š ȋͶȌ Ͷ‰Š
© ¹
PRM105 PRM108
106. Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‹• –”—‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡
103. Š‡ ƒ •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ  ”‘ŽŽ•
ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ƒ ›Ž‹†‡” ”‘ŽŽ‹‰
†‘™‘ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ †‘™ƒ•Ž‘’‡™‹–Š‘—–•Ž‹’’‹‰ǫ
–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›™Š‹ Š‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ‹•ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ȋͳȌ –• ƒ‰‹–—†‡ Šƒ‰‡• „—– –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘
ȋͳȌʹͺΨ ȋʹȌ͹ʹΨ ”‡ƒ‹••ƒ‡
ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲΨ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ȋʹȌ„‘–Šƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ††‹”‡ –‹‘ Šƒ‰‡
ȋ͵Ȍ‘Ž›–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘ Šƒ‰‡
PRM106
ȋͶȌ‡‹–Š‡” Šƒ‰‡
104. Š‡ ƒ „‘†› •–ƒ”–• –‘ ”‘ŽŽ ‘ ƒ ‹ Ž‹‡† PRM109
’Žƒ‡ǡ‹–•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘ 107. •’Š‡”‡ƒ†ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ•ƒ‡”ƒ†‹‹ƒ†ƒ••ƒ”‡
ȋͳȌ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘Ž› ”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡™‹–Š‘—–•Ž‹’’‹‰Ǥƒ•
ȋʹȌ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› Ƭƒ† ƒ”‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†‰‹•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡
ȋ͵Ȍ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘Ž› –‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ǤŠ‡™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡‡–‹• ‘””‡ –ǫ
ȋͳȌƒ• 僆 ε‰ ȋʹȌ‰εƒ• 僆
ȋͶȌ‘‡
ȋ͵Ȍƒ• ε‰εƒ† ȋͶȌƒ† 僕 ε‰
PRM107 PRM110

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 4 2
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 3 4 4 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 4
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 2 4 4 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 4 1
Question 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 2 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 3
Question 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Answer 3 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 2
Question 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Answer 4 4 3 3 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 3 1 3 1
Question 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Answer 3 2 4 4 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 3 1 2 3
Question 106 107
Answer 1 2

[Link] [ 141 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

AIPMT 2014 5. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••
1.  •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡” ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͷͲ ‰ ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
ͲǤͷ  ‹• ˆ”‡‡ –‘ ”‘–ƒ–‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‘•‹†‡” ƒ ƒš‹• ̵ ™Š‹ Š ‹• 
ƒš‹•Ǥ  ƒ••Ž‡•• •–”‹‰ ‹• ™‘—† ”‘—† –Š‡ –‘— Š‹‰ –‘ –™‘ •Š‡ŽŽ• ƒ†
›Ž‹†‡”™‹–Š‘‡‡†ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘‹–ƒ†‘–Š‡” ’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‹”†
Šƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‡‡Ž›Ǥ‡•‹‘‹–Š‡•–”‹‰”‡“—‹”‡† •Š‡ŽŽǤ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡
–‘ ’”‘†— ‡ ƒ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •›•–‡ ‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ –Š”‡‡ ̵
ʹ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•Ȁ•ʹ ‹•ǣǦ •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ•ƒ„‘—–̵ƒš‹•‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌʹͷ ȋʹȌͷͲ ͳ͸
ȋͳȌ ͵”ʹ ȋʹȌ ”ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ͹ͺǤͷ ȋͶȌͳͷ͹ ͷ
PRM123 ͳͳ
2. Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ƒ •‘Ž‹† ȋ͵ȌͶ”ʹ ȋͶȌ ”ʹ
ͷ
•’Š‡”‡ȋƒ••̵̵ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•̵̵Ȍ”‘ŽŽ‹‰†‘™ PRM127
ƒ ‹ Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‰Ž‡ ̵T̵ ™‹–Š‘—– •Ž‹’’‹‰ ƒ† Re-AIPMT 2015
•Ž‹’’‹‰†‘™–Š‡‹ Ž‹‡™‹–Š‘—–”‘ŽŽ‹‰‹•ǣǦ
6. ƒ—–‘‘„‹Ž‡‘˜‡•‘ƒ”‘ƒ†™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†
ȋͳȌͷǣ͹ ȋʹȌʹǣ͵ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͷ ȋͶȌ͹ǣͷ ‘ˆͷͶȀŠǤŠ‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‹–•™Š‡‡Ž•‹•ͲǤͶͷ
PRM124 ƒ†–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‡‡Žƒ„‘—–
AIPMT 2015 ‹–•ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘‹•͵‰ǦʹǤ ˆ–Š‡˜‡Š‹ Ž‡‹•
3.  ƒ••  ‘˜‡• ‹ ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ ƒ •‘‘–Š „”‘—‰Š– –‘ ”‡•– ‹ ͳͷ•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ’Žƒ‡ ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜Ͳ ƒ– ƒ ”ƒ†‹—• ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –‘”“—‡ –”ƒ•‹––‡† „› ‹–• „”ƒ‡• –‘
ͲǤ Š‡ ƒ•• ‹• ƒ––ƒ Š‡† –‘ ƒ •–”‹‰ ™Š‹ Š ™Š‡‡Ž‹•ǣǦ
’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘Ž‡‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡ƒ• ȋͳȌ ʹǤͺ͸‰ǦʹȀ•ʹ ȋʹȌ͸Ǥ͸͸‰ǦʹȀ•ʹ
•Š‘™Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ ͺǤͷͺ‰ǦʹȀ•ʹ ȋͶȌͳͲǤͺ͸‰ǦʹȀ•ʹ
Š‡ –‡•‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ˜Ͳ
 PRM128
•–”‹‰ ‹• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† Ͳ
7. ‘‹– ƒ••‡• ͳ ƒ† ʹ ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡† ƒ– –Š‡
‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ƒ† ‘’’‘•‹–‡‡†•‘ˆƒ”‹‰‹†”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šǡƒ†
ˆ‹ƒŽŽ› ‘˜‡• ‹ ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ƒ••ǤŠ‡”‘†‹•–‘„‡•‡–”‘–ƒ–‹‰
 ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–ǤŠ‡’‘•‹–‹‘
ƒ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• Ͳ Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ʹ ‘ˆ’‘‹–‘–Š‹•”‘†–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒš‹•
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹•ǣǦ •Š‘—Ž†’ƒ•••‘–Šƒ––Š‡™‘””‡“—‹”‡†–‘•‡–
ͳ ͳ –Š‡ ”‘† ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ZͲ ‹•
ȋͳȌ ˜ ʹͲ ȋʹȌ ʹ˜ʹͲ ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ʹͲ ȋͶȌ ˜ʹͲ
Ͷ ʹ ‹‹—ǡ‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣǦ
PRM125 Z
4.  ”‘† ‘ˆ ™‡‹‰Š–  ‹• •—’’‘”–‡† „› –™‘
’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ‹ˆ‡ ‡†‰‡•  ƒ†  ƒ† ‹• ‹ ͳ  ʹ
‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹— ‹ ƒ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥ Š‡
š ȋȂšȌ
‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ † ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡”Ǥ
Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡”‘†‹•ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡š
ˆ”‘ǤŠ‡‘”ƒŽ”‡ƒ –‹‘‘‹•ǣǦ
 ʹ ͳ 
† ȋ† Ȃ šȌ ȋͳȌ š ȋʹȌ š
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ͳ   ʹ ͳ   ʹ
š š
ȋ† Ȃ šȌ š ͳ ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋ͵Ȍ š  ȋͶȌ š 
† † ʹ ͳ
PRM126 PRM129

[ 142 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
8.  ˆ‘” ‡ Dƶ‹  ͵Œƶ  ͸ƶ ‹• ƒ –‹‰ ƒ– ƒ ’‘‹– 13.  •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—•  ‹•
ƶ Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ D ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”Ǥ•‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆ
” ʹ‹ƶ  ͸Œƶ  ͳʹǤ
–Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ•• ƒ† •ƒ‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‹• ƒŽ•‘
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ„‘—–‘”‹‰‹‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†
”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ‹–• ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ ƒš‹• ™‹–Š ƒ
‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌͳ ȋʹȌȂͳ ȋ͵Ȍʹ ȋͶȌœ‡”‘ ƒ‰—Žƒ” •’‡‡† –™‹ ‡ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’Š‡”‡Ǥ Š‡
PRM130 ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰‹‡• ‘ˆ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘
NEET-I 2016 ȋ•’Š‡”‡Ȁ ›Ž‹†‡”Ȍ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
9. ”‘ƒ†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†ƒ••ǡƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ȋͳȌͳǣͶ ȋʹȌ͵ǣͳ
Š‘Ž‡‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ǡ™Š‘•‡”‹’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š ȋ͵Ȍʹǣ͵ ȋͶȌͳǣͷ
–Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‹• —–Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ
PRM135
‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡†‹• ƒ„‘—–
ƒ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” ƒš‹•ǡ ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ 14. Ž‹‰Š–”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠA Šƒ•–™‘ƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†
‡–”‡ǫ ʹ ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘‹–•–™‘‡†•ǤŠ‡‘‡–‘ˆ
ȋͳȌͳͷʹȀ͵ʹ ȋʹȌͳ͵ʹȀ͵ʹ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹•
ȋ͵Ȍͳͳ Ȁ͵ʹ
ʹ ȋͶȌͻʹȀ͵ʹ
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡”‘†ƒ†’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š
PRM131
10. —‹ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͷͲ ƒ–”‡•– –Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ǣǦ
ʹ
‹• ˆ”‡‡ –‘ –—” ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ™Š‹ Š ‹• ȋͳȌ ȋͳ ڏʹȌAʹ ȋʹȌ ͳʹ
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡ƒ†’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š
ͳ  ʹ ʹ ͳ   ʹ ʹ
‹–• ‡–”‡Ǥ – ‹• •—„Œ‡ –‡† –‘ ƒ –‘”“—‡ ™Š‹ Š ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ͳ   ʹ ͳ  ʹ
’”‘†— ‡• ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
ʹǤͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹǤ –•‡–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹Ȁ•ʹ ƒ––Š‡ PRM136
‡†‘ˆʹǤͲ•‹•ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǣ NEET(UG) 2017
ȋͳȌͺǤͲ ȋʹȌ͹ǤͲ ȋ͵Ȍ͸ǤͲ ȋͶȌ͵ǤͲ 15. ”‘’‡‹•™‘—†ƒ”‘—†ƒŠ‘ŽŽ‘™ ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆ
PRM132
ƒ•• ͵ ‰ ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ͶͲ Ǥ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡
11.  †‹•  ƒ† ƒ •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ •ƒ‡ ”ƒ†‹—• „—–
ƒ‰—Žƒ” ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡” ‹ˆ –Š‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ••‡• ”‘ŽŽ ‘ˆˆ ‘ –™‘ ‹ Ž‹‡†
’Žƒ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒŽ–‹–—†‡ƒ†Ž‡‰–ŠǤŠ‹ Š ”‘’‡‹•’—ŽŽ‡†™‹–Šƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ͵Ͳǫ
‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘‘„Œ‡ –•‰‡–•–‘–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ ȋͳȌͲǤʹͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ ȋʹȌʹͷ”ƒ†Ȁ•ʹ
–Š‡’Žƒ‡ˆ‹”•–ǫ ȋ͵ȌͷȀ•ʹ ȋͶȌʹͷȀ•ʹ
ȋͳȌ‹• PRM137
ȋʹȌ’Š‡”‡ 16. ™‘†‹• •‘ˆ•ƒ‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ”‘–ƒ–‹‰
ȋ͵Ȍ‘–Š”‡ƒ Šƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡
ƒ„‘—– –Š‡‹” ”‡‰—Žƒ” ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š
ȋͶȌ‡’‡†•‘–Š‡‹”ƒ••‡•
‡–”‡ƒ†’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆ†‹• 
PRM133
NEET-II 2016 ™‹–Š ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡• Zͳ ƒ† ZʹǤ Š‡› ƒ”‡
12. ™‘”‘–ƒ–‹‰„‘†‹‡•ƒ†‘ˆƒ••‡•ƒ† „”‘—‰Š– ‹–‘ ‘–ƒ – ˆƒ ‡ –‘ ˆƒ ‡ ‘‹ ‹†‹‰
ʹ™‹–Š‘‡–•‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ  ƒ† ȋ  ε Ȍ –Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡‡š’”‡••‹‘ˆ‘”Ž‘••‘ˆ
Šƒ˜‡‡“—ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ ƒ† ‡‡”‰›†—”‹‰–Š‹•’”‘ ‡••‹•ǣǦ
 „‡ –Š‡‹” ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–ƒ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ͳ ʹ ʹ
–Š‡ǣǦ ȋͳȌ Zͳ  Zʹ  ȋʹȌ Zͳ  Zʹ
Ͷ
ȋͳȌ  ε ȋʹȌ ε
ʹ ͳ ʹ
 ȋ͵Ȍ Zͳ  Zʹ ȋͶȌ Zͳ  Zʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ  α  ȋͶȌ αʹ ͺ ʹ
ʹ
PRM134 PRM138

[Link] [ 143 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
17. Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ƒ”‡ NEET(UG) 2019
correct ǫ 22. †‹• ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹƒ†ƒ••ͳͲͲ‰”‘ŽŽ•‘ƒ
ȋƒȌ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••‘ˆƒ„‘†›ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘‹ ‹†‡• Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽˆŽ‘‘”Ǥ –• ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••Šƒ••’‡‡†‘ˆ
™‹–Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› ʹͲ Ȁ•Ǥ ‘™— Š™‘”‹•‡‡†‡†–‘•–‘’‹–ǫ
ȋ„Ȍ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ‹• –Š‡ ’‘‹– ƒ– ȋͳȌ͵ ȋʹȌ͵Ͳ ȋ͵Ȍʹ ȋͶȌͳ
™Š‹ Š –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‘”“—‡ ‘ PRM144
–Š‡„‘†›‹•œ‡”‘ 23. •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•Ͷ 
ȋ Ȍ  ‘—’Ž‡ ‘ ƒ „‘†› ’”‘†— ‡ „‘–Š ‹•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ƒ––Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ͵”’Ǥ
–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‘–‹‘ ‹ ƒ Š‡ –‘”“—‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ •–‘’ ƒˆ–‡” ʹS
„‘†› ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘•‹•ǣ
ȋ†Ȍ ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ ‘‡ ȋͳȌʹέͳͲȂ͸  ȋʹȌʹέͳͲȂ͵ 
‡ƒ•–Šƒ–•ƒŽŽ‡ˆˆ‘”– ƒ„‡—•‡†–‘Ž‹ˆ– ȋ͵ȌͳʹέͳͲ 
ȂͶ ȋͶȌʹέͳͲ͸ 
ƒŽƒ”‰‡Ž‘ƒ† PRM145
ȋͳȌ ȋƒȌƒ†ȋ„Ȍ ȋʹȌȋ„Ȍƒ†ȋ Ȍ NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha)
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋ Ȍƒ†ȋ†Ȍ ȋͶȌȋ„Ȍƒ†ȋ†Ȍ 24. •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ͷͲ 
PRM139 ”‘ŽŽ•—’ƒ‹ Ž‹‡†’Žƒ‡‘ˆƒ‰Ž‡‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘
NEET (UG) 2018 ͵ͲιǤ Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ›Ž‹†‡” Šƒ•
18. Š”‡‡‘„Œ‡ –•ǡǣȋƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡Ȍǡǣȋƒ–Š‹ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ Ͷ Ȁ•Ǥ Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ –”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†
‹” —Žƒ” †‹•Ȍƒ†  α ȋƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ”‹‰Ȍǡ ‡ƒ Š „›–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡”‘–Š‡‹ Ž‹‡•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
Šƒ˜‡–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽŽ ȋƒ‡‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
•’‹ ™‹–Š –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” •’‡‡† Z ƒ„‘—– ȋͳȌʹǤʹ ȋʹȌͳǤ͸
–Š‡‹” ‘™ •›‡–”› ƒš‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ ȋ͵ȌͳǤʹ ȋͶȌʹǤͶ
™‘” ȋȌ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ „”‹‰ –Š‡ –‘ ”‡•–ǡ PRM146
™‘—Ž†•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘ǣǦ NEET(UG) 2020
ȋͳȌ ε ε ȋʹȌ ε ε 25. ‹†–Š‡–‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹™Š‡ƒˆ‘” ‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ε ε ȋͶȌ ε ε ‘ˆ ͵Œƶ  ƒ –• ‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ™Š‘•‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘
PRM140 ˜‡ –‘”‹• ʹƶ  ǣ
19. Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ Ͷ‹  ͷŒƶ  ͸ƶ ƒ–
ƶ
ȋͳȌ ͸ƶ  ȋʹȌ ͸‹ƶ 
ȋʹǡͲǡȂ͵Ȍǡƒ„‘—––Š‡’‘‹–ȋʹǡȂʹǡȂʹȌǡ‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͸Œƶ  ȋͶȌ ͸‹ƶ 
ȋͳȌ ͺ‹ƶ  ͶŒƶ  ͹ƶ ȋʹȌ Ͷ‹ƶ  ƶŒ  ͺƶ
PRM147
ȋ͵Ȍ ͹‹ƶ  ͺŒƶ  Ͷƶ ȋͶȌ ͹‹ƶ  ͶŒƶ  ͺƶ NEET(UG) 2021
PRM141 26. —‹ˆ‘””‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠʹͲͲ ƒ†ƒ••ͷͲͲ‰
20. •‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‹•‹”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘–‹‘Ǥ ”‘ŽŽ‹‰ ‹•„ƒŽƒ ‡†‘ƒ™‡†‰‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ͶͲ ƒ”Ǥ
‘–‹‘ƒ„‘†›’‘••‡••‡•–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹  ƒ••‘ˆʹ‰‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡”‘†ƒ–
‡‡”‰›ȋ–Ȍƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ʹͲ  ƒ† ƒ‘–Š‡” —‘™ ƒ•• ̵̵ ‹•
ȋ”Ȍ•‹—Ž–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘– ǣȋ– Ϊ”Ȍ ˆ‘” •—•’‡†‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‘† ƒ– ͳ͸Ͳ  ƒ” ƒ•
–Š‡•’Š‡”‡‹• •Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵̵•— Š
ȋͳȌ ͹ǣͳͲ ȋʹȌͷǣ͹ ȋ͵ȌͳͲǣ͹ ȋͶȌʹǣͷ –Šƒ––Š‡”‘†‹•‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—Ǥȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
PRM142 Ͳ ʹͲ  ͶͲ  ͳ͸Ͳ 
21.  •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡ ‹• ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ ˆ”‡‡Ž› ƒ„‘—– ‹–•
•›‡–”›ƒš‹•‹ˆ”‡‡•’ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡
•’Š‡”‡ ‹• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‡‡’‹‰ ‹–• ƒ•• •ƒ‡Ǥ
Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ “—ƒ–‹–‹‡•  ʹ‰ 
™‘—Ž†”‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ–ˆ‘”–Š‡•’Š‡”‡ǫ ͳ ͳ
ȋͳȌ ‰ ȋʹȌ ‰
ȋͳȌ ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹ ͵
ȋʹȌ ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ ͳ ͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ ȋͶȌ ‰
͸ ͳʹ
ȋͶȌ ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— PRM148
PRM143

[ 144 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
27. ”‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰‘ˆƒ••̵̵ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•̵̵ ȋͳȌ ͺǤͷ  ȋʹȌͳ͹Ǥͷ 
ƒ ƒ”  ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ –‘ ƒ ͻͲι •‡ –‘” ‹• ȋ͵ȌʹͲǤ͹  ȋͶȌ͹ʹǤͲ 
”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ PRM165
”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• 32. ™Š‡‡Ž‘ˆƒ„—ŽŽ‘  ƒ”–‹•”‘ŽŽ‹‰‘ƒŽ‡˜‡Ž
’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹‰ ƒ† ”‘ƒ† ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ „‡Ž‘™Ǥ ˆ ‹–•
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‹‰ ‹• ̵̵ Ž‹‡ƒ” •’‡‡† ‹• ˜ ‹ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ •Š‘™ǡ
–‹‡•̵ʹ̵ǤŠ‡–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵̵‹•ǣ
™Š‹ Š‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‘’–‹‘•‹• ‘””‡ –
͵ ͹ ͳ ͳ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋƒ† ƒ”‡ƒ›Š‹‰Š‡•–ƒ†Ž‘™‡•–’‘‹–•‘
Ͷ ͺ Ͷ ͺ –Š‡™Š‡‡Žǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍǫ
PRM149

NEET(UG) 2022
28. Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ –Š‹ ˜
—‹ˆ‘”†‹• ƒ„‘—–ƒƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–•
‡–”‡ƒ†‘”ƒŽ–‘‹–•’Žƒ‡–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ 
‰›”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•ƒ„‘—–‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”‹•ǣ ȋͳȌ‘‹–‘˜‡••Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ’‘‹–Ǥ
ȋͳȌ ʹ ǣͳ ȋʹȌͶǣͳ ȋ͵Ȍ ͳǣ ʹ ȋͶȌʹǣͳ ȋʹȌ‘‹–‘˜‡•ˆƒ•–‡”–Šƒ’‘‹–Ǥ
PRM150 ȋ͵Ȍ‘–Š–Š‡’‘‹–•ƒ†‘˜‡™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ
RE-NEET(UG) 2022 •’‡‡†Ǥ
29. ‡‡”‰›‘ˆͶͺͶ ‹••’‡–‹‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡ ȋͶȌ‘‹–Šƒ•œ‡”‘•’‡‡†Ǥ
•’‡‡†‘ˆƒˆŽ›™Š‡‡Žˆ”‘͸Ͳ”’–‘͵͸Ͳ”’Ǥ PRM166
Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ›™Š‡‡Ž‹•ǣ RE-NEET(UG) 2024
ȋͳȌͲǤ͹‰Ǧʹ ȋʹȌ͵Ǥʹʹ‰Ǧʹ 33. Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͵ͲǤͺ‰Ǧʹ ȋͶȌͲǤͲ͹‰Ǧʹ ƒ••ͷ‰ƒ„‘—–‹•ͷƒ••Š‘™‹ϐ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
PRM151
ͷš
NEET(UG) 2023 Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’Š‡”‡ ‹• ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡
30. Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •‘Ž‹† ͹
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ƒ„‘—–‹–•‘™ ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆš‹•ǣ
ƒš‹• –‘ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‰›”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‹ 
Š‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ƒ„‘—–
‹–•ƒš‹•‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ͷ ǣ ͵ ȋʹȌ ʹ ǣ ͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͷ ǣ ʹ ȋͶȌ ͵ ǣ ͷ
PRM164
NEET(UG) 2024
31. Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ–Š‹”‘†ƒ„‘—–ƒ 
ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–• ‹† ’‘‹– ƒ†
ȋͳȌ ͷ ȋʹȌ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ͵ ȋͶȌ ͷ
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡”‘†‹•ʹͶͲͲ‰ ʹǤŠ‡
Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ͶͲͲ‰”‘†‹•‡ƒ”Ž›ǣ PRM167

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 3 2
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 1 4 1 4 2 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 4
Question 31 32 33
Answer 1 2 4

[Link] [ 145 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

1. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• 3. †‹ƒ‰”ƒƒš‹•ȋ͵Ȍ‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘’Žƒ‡Ǥ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ‘–Š ”‘†• ƒ”‡ ƒ••  ƒ† Ž‡‰–Š ǮA̵ –Š‡
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒŽ‘ˆ•›•–‡
Assertion (A) : ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ
ȋͶȌ ȋͳȌ
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ
Reason (R) : ‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋʹȌ
ƒ„‘—–ƒ›ƒš‹•‹•‰‹˜‡„›  ”ȉ” ™Š‡”‡‹•
ƒ•• ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ† ” ‹• ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥƒš‹•Ǥ
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
 ʹ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ ‹ „‘—–ƒš‹•ȋͳȌ 
͵
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ʹ
Ͷ
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ‹‹ „‘—–ƒš‹•ȋʹȌ 
͵
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ʹ
ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ‹‹‹ „‘—–ƒš‹•ȋ͵Ȍ 
͵
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ
‹˜ „‘—–ƒš‹•ȋͶȌ
PRM152
ȋͳȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
2. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• ȋʹȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ȋ͵Ȍ‹ Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). ȋͶȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
Assertion (A) : ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ †‹•  PRM155
ƒ„‘—– ƒ ƒš‹• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ ‹–• ’Žƒ‡ 4. ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‡––‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–‰‹˜‡’‘‹–•Ǥ
›
 ʹ
’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‹–• ‡–”‡‹•  ͳʹ 
ʹ ͳͲ
Reason (R) : ‘‡– ‘ˆ ‹‡”–‹ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ †‹• 
ƒ„‘—– ƒ› ƒš‹• ’ƒ••‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹–• ’Žƒ‡ ʹ
ͳͲ—ʹ
”‡ƒ‹•‡“—ƒŽǤ Ͷͷι ͸
š
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡  ʹ 

–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–  Ȃ͸Ͷƶ

‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ‹‹ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–  ͵ʹƶ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ ‹‹‹ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–  ͳʹƶ
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ‹˜ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–  ʹͲƶ
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ȋͳȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ȋʹȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ‹ Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ ȋͶȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
PRM156
PRM153

[ 146 ] [Link]
Rotational Motion ALLEN
5. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘’‘‹–ǮǯŠƒ˜‹‰ 7. ˆŽƒ‹ƒ‹•‹šǦ›’Žƒ‡–Š‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”‡‘ˆ
ƒ•• Ǯǯ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ ‘˜‹‰ ‘ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‹•
’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡’ƒ–Š ȋȌ š Ȃ › α œ
›
ȋȌ š Ȃ œ α ›
ȋȌ š Ϊ › α œ
ȋȌ › Ϊ œ α š
”—‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•‹•Ȁƒ”‡Ȃ
 š ȋͳȌƒ†
‹ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–Ǯǯ  ‡”‘ ȋʹȌŽ›
‘•–ƒ– ȋ͵ȌŽ›
‹‹ ‘”“—‡ƒ„‘—–šǦƒš‹• 
‘œ‡”‘ ȋͶȌƒ†
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— PRM160
‹‹‹   ”‡ƒ•‹‰
ƒ„‘—–
8. ‹‰‡‹••‘‘–Šƒ†•›•–‡‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
‹˜  ‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ ”‡•–Ǥ‡Ž‡ – ‘””‡ –•–ƒ–‡‡–Ȃ
ƒ„‘—–šǦƒš‹•
ȋͳȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋʹȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋ͵Ȍ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋͶȌ‹ Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ  

PRM157
6. ‘—”‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ”‘†•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Š A
ǮAǯƒ”‡Œ‘‹‡†–‘ˆ‘”ƒ”‹‰‹†•“—ƒ”‡ǡ ‡–”‡‹• ȋȌ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„Ž‘ ‹•‰Ȁʹ†‘™™ƒ”†
ƒ–‘”‹‰‹ƒ†•‹†‡•ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘šƒ†›ƒš‹• ȋȌ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„Ž‘ ‹•͵‰Ȁͺ†‘™™ƒ”†
–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒƒ„‘—– ȋȌ‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰‹•‰Ȁʹ
ƒš‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘œǦƒš‹• ȋȌ‡•‹‘‹•–”‹‰‹•ͷ‰Ȁͺ
ͷ ʹ
‹ ƒ†’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šƒ  
͵ ”—‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•‹•Ȁƒ”‡
‘”‡”
ȋͳȌǡ
ʹ ʹ
‹‹ ‡•‹†‡   ȋʹȌǡ
͵
Ͷ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍǡ
‹‹‹ Š‡šǦƒš‹•   ȋͶȌǡ
͵
Š‡œǦƒš‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ͳͲ ʹ PRM161
‹˜  
‡–”‡ ͵
ȋͳȌ‹ Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋʹȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋ͵Ȍ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ’ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
ȋͶȌ‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ǡ‹˜Ȃ 
PRM158

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 4

[Link] [ 147 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Importantt Notess

[ 148 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN

Chapter No. 04

GRAVITATION
Contents Page No.

Šƒ–‹• ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ͳͷͳ

‘” ‡†—‡–‘—Ž–‹’Ž‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ͳͷʹ

”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›ȋԦȌ ͳͷͷ

 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–› ͳͷͻ

ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›™‹–ŠŠ‡‹‰Š– ͳ͸ͳ

ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›™‹–Š†‡’–Š ͳ͸ʹ

ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵‰̵†—‡–‘”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š ͳ͸͵

ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‹˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̶‰̶†—‡–‘•Šƒ’‡‘ˆƒ”–Š ͳ͸Ͷ

”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ͳ͸͸

‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ† –‡•‹–› ͳ͸͹

”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡”‰›ȋ Ȍ ͳ͸ͺ

• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ‡Ȍ ͳ͹Ͳ

‡’Ž‡”̵•ƒ™ ͳ͹͵

ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘–‹‘ ͳ͹ͷ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳͺʹ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ”‡˜‹‘—•‡ƒ”•—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳͻʹ

š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ͳͻ͸

NEET SYLLABUS
Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its
variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity,
orbital velocity of a satellite. Geostationary satellites.

[Link] [ 149 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
‹ ‘Žƒ—•‘’‡”‹ —•™ƒ•„‘”‘ ‡„”—ƒ”›ͳͻǡͳͶ͹͵‹‘”—ǡ‘Žƒ†Ǥ‹” ƒͳͷͲͺǡ
‘’‡”‹ —•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Š‹•‘™ ‡Ž‡•–‹ƒŽ‘†‡Ž‘ˆƒŠ‡Ž‹‘ ‡–”‹ ’Žƒ‡–ƒ”›•›•–‡Ǥ
ˆ–‡”‘˜‹‰–‘–Š‡ ”‘„‘”ƒ–Š‡†”ƒŽŠƒ’–‡”‹–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›ͳͷͲͲ•Ǥ‘’‡”‹ —•
ˆ—”–Š‡” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† Š‹• Š‡Ž‹‘ ‡–”‹  ‘†‡Žǡ ƒ† ™‡– ‘ –‘ †‡•‹‰ ƒ† ƒ’’Ž› ƒ
‘’Ž‡š ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽ •›•–‡ ˆ‘” ’”‘˜‹‰ Š‹• –Š‡‘”›Ǥ  ͳͷͳ͵ǡ Š‹• †‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘
’”‘’–‡† Š‹ –‘ „—‹Ž† Š‹• ‘™ ‘†‡•– ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› •‘ –Šƒ– Š‡ ‘—Ž† ˜‹‡™ –Š‡
’Žƒ‡–•‹ƒ –‹‘ƒ–ƒ›‰‹˜‡–‹‡Ǥ‘’‡”‹ —•ǯ•‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•†‹†ǡƒ––‹‡•ǡŽ‡ƒ†
Š‹–‘ˆ‘”‹ƒ —”ƒ–‡ ‘ Ž—•‹‘•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰Š‹•ƒ••—’–‹‘–Šƒ–’Žƒ‡–ǯ•‘”„‹–‘ —””‡†‹’‡”ˆ‡ – ‹” Ž‡•Ǥ
• ‡”ƒ ƒ•–”‘‘‡” ‘Šƒ‡• ‡’Ž‡” ™‘—Ž† Žƒ–‡” ’”‘˜‡ ‹ –Š‡ ͳ͹–Š ‡–—”›ǡ ’Žƒ‡–ƒ”› ‘”„‹–•  ƒ”‡
ƒ –—ƒŽŽ›‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‹•Šƒ’‡Ǥ

JOHANNES KEPLER (1571–1630)

‘Šƒ‡•‡’Ž‡”ȋͳͷ͹ͳȂͳ͸͵ͲȌ™ƒ•ƒ• ‹‡–‹•–‘ˆ ‡”ƒ‘”‹‰‹Ǥ ‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†
–Š‡ –Š”‡‡ Žƒ™• ‘ˆ ’Žƒ‡–ƒ”› ‘–‹‘ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ‹•–ƒ‹‰ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ
› Š‘”ƒŠ‡ƒ† ‘™‘”‡”•Ǥ‡’Ž‡”Š‹•‡Žˆ™ƒ•ƒƒ••‹•–ƒ––‘”ƒŠ‡ƒ†‹––‘‘
Š‹•‹š–‡‡Ž‘‰›‡ƒ”•–‘ƒ””‹˜‡ƒ––Š‡–Š”‡‡’Žƒ‡–ƒ”›Žƒ™•Ǥ ‡‹•ƒŽ•‘‘™ƒ•
–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”‘ˆ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ‘’–‹ •ǡ„‡‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‘†‡• ”‹„‡™Šƒ–Šƒ’’‡•–‘Ž‹‰Š–
ƒˆ–‡”‹–‡–‡”•ƒ–‡Ž‡• ‘’‡Ǥ

[ 150 ] [Link]
 04 Gravitation

What is Gravitation
”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‹• –Š‡ ’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‹™Š‹ Š‘„Œ‡ –•™‹–Šƒ••‡•Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ƒ–—”ƒŽ –‡†‡ ›–‘ƒ––”ƒ –‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ
Newton's Law of Gravitation
– •–ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– ‡˜‡”› ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ —‹˜‡”•‡ ƒ––”ƒ – ƒŽŽ ‘–Š‡” ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ™‹–Š ƒ ˆ‘” ‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• †‹”‡ –Ž›
’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‘†— –‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ƒ••‡• ƒ†‹• ‹˜‡”•‡Ž› ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ •“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ǥ

ͳʹ ʹͳ ‰

‰ v ͳʹ ǥȋ‹Ȍ ሬԦଵଶ ሬԦଶଵ

ͳ ʹ
ͳ
‰v ʹ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
” ”
›‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹ȌƬȋ‹‹Ȍ

ͳʹ ͳʹ
Ÿ ‰ v ‰
”ʹ ”ʹ
Universal Gravitational Constant "G"
Ȉ ‹˜‡”•ƒŽ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ
Ȉ Value of G : SI : α͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͳ ȂʹȀ‰ʹ Ǣ
CGS : α͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͺ †›‡Ȃ ʹȀ‰ʹDimensions : ȏȂͳ͵ȂʹȐ
Ȉ –•˜ƒŽ—‡‹••ƒ‡–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡—‹˜‡”•‡Ǣ †‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘–Š‡ƒ–—”‡ƒ†•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†‹‡•Ǣ
‹–†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‡˜‡—’‘–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡†‹—„‡–™‡‡–Š‡„‘†‹‡•Ǥ
Note: Š‹•ˆ‘”—Žƒ‹•‰‹˜‡ˆ‘”’‘‹–ƒ••‡•Ǥ
‘”•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ‘„Œ‡ –•ȋ’Žƒ‡–•Ȍǡ†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ ‡–‡”•‹•–ƒ‡Ǥ
Illustration 1
 
™‘•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡•‹œ‡‘ˆƒ ‡”–ƒ‹‡–ƒŽƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š‡ƒ Š

‘–Š‡”Ǥ ”‘˜‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ –‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‹• †‹”‡ –Ž›

’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ˆ‘—”–Š’‘™‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹—•Ǥ
Solution:
Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•’Š‡”‡•ƒ›„‡ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡‹” ‡–”‡•Ǥ
ªͶ ͵ º ªͶ ͵ º
« ͵ S U» u « ͵ S U» Ͷ
‘ ¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ȋ SʹUʹ Ȍ Ͷ Ÿ v  Ͷ
ʹ
ȋʹȌ ͻ

[Link] [ 151 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 2
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰ƒ†ʹ‰ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͷͲ Ǥ••—‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡‘Ž›ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ –‹‰
‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡‹”—–—ƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‡ƒ˜‹‡”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
Solution:
ͳ  ʹ
‫׶‬ ™‡‘™–Šƒ– ‰ Š‡”‡
”ʹ
ͳ αʹ‰
͸Ǥ͸͹ u ͳͲͳͳ u ʹ u ͳ
Ÿ ‰ ʹ αͳ‰
ȋͲǤͷȌʹ
”αͷͲ αͲǤͷ
Ÿ ‰ αͷǤ͵ͶέͳͲ
ȂͳͲ 

‰ ͷǤ͵Ͷ u ͳͲͳͲ
 ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‡ƒ˜‹‡”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ȋƒͳȌα Ÿ ƒͳ Ÿ ƒͳ αʹǤ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͲ Ȁ•ʹ
ͳ ʹ
Important Points
ȋͳȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ––”ƒ –‹˜‡Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒ –‹‘ƒ†”‡ƒ –‹‘’ƒ‹”ǤŠ‡›‘„‡›‡™–‘̵•–Š‹”†
Žƒ™‘ˆ‘–‹‘Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ –‹•–Š‡™‡ƒ‡•–‘ˆƒŽŽˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
–”‘‰— Ž‡ƒ”ˆ‘” ‡εŽ‡ –”‘ƒ‰‡–‹ ˆ‘” ‡ε‡ƒˆ‘” ‡•ε ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
ȋͶȌ ‘•‡‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†‹‡•—•–„‡ ‡Ž‡•–‹ƒŽǤ
ȋͷȌ – ‹• –™‘ „‘†› ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –™‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• ‹• ‹†‡’‡†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡
’”‡•‡ ‡‘”ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ‘–Š‡”„‘†‹‡•‘”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ
ȋ͸Ȍ ‘” ‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘‡†‹—Ǥ
ȋ͹Ȍ ‘” ‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ –•ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ•‘‹–‹•ƒ ‡–”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
ȋͺȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡ǡ•‘™‘”†‘‡„›‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†•‘
’ƒ–ŠǤ
ȋͻȌ ˆƒ›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ Ž‘•‡†’ƒ–Š—†‡”–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǡ –Š‡–Š‡™‘”†‘‡
„›–Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•œ‡”‘ˆ‘””‘—†–Š‡–”‹’Ǥ
Force due to multiple particles

‡– ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
Illustration 3
‹†‡–ˆ‘” ‡‘ʹ‰†—‡–‘͵‰ƒ†Ͷ‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ 

ƒ ƒ

 
ƒ

͵ ʹ
͵‰ ʹ‰ Ͷ‰

[ 152 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Solution:
‡‘™–Šƒ– ‡”‡
ͳ  ʹ ͳ α ‘” ‡‘ʹ‰†—‡–‘͵‰ƒ••
‰ α
”ʹ ʹ α ‘” ‡‘ʹ‰†—‡–‘Ͷ‰ƒ••
ͳͳ
͸Ǥ͸͹ u ͳͲ u ʹ u ͵
Ÿ ͳ α αͶǤͶͶέͳͲȂͳͳ
ȋ͵Ȍʹ
͸Ǥ͸͹ u ͳͲͳͳ u ʹ u Ͷ ͳ ʹ‰ ʹ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž› ʹ α ʹ
αͳ͵Ǥ͵ͶέͳͲȂͳͳ
ȋʹȌ
‘‡–ˆ‘” ‡
Ÿ ‡– α ʹ Ȃ ͳ αͳ͵Ǥ͵ͶέͳͲȂͳͳȂ ͶǤͶͶέͳͲȂͳͳ αͺǤͻέͳͲȂͳͳ
Illustration 4
ˆ‹‹–‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–’‘•‹–‹‘•šαͳǡšαʹǡšαͶǥǥǤǤfǤ ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡
‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ–‘”‹‰‹ȋšαͲȌ
   
šαͲ šαͳ šαʹ šαͶ

Solution:
ͳʹ
‡‘™–Šƒ–ǡ ‰ α
”ʹ
‘ǡ–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ƒ••’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–šαͲ
ʹ ʹ ʹ
‰ α    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ˆ”‘‰‡‘‡–”‹ ’”‘‰”‡••‹‘
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌʹ ȋͶȌʹ
ƒ
f
ʹ§ ͳ ͳ ͳ · ͳ”
Ÿ ‰ α  ¨ ʹ  ʹ  ʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ¸
© ͳ ʹ Ͷ ¹ ‡”‡
ƒαˆ‹”•––‡”
ʹ§ͳ ͳ ͳ ·
Ÿ ‰ α  ¨    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ¸ ”α ‘‘”ƒ–‹‘
© ͳ Ͷ ͳ͸ ¹ ƒαͳ
§ · ͳ
¨ ͳ ¸ ”
ʹ§Ͷ· Ͷ ʹ Ͷ
Ÿ ‰ α  ʹ
¨ ¸ α  ¨͵¸ α
¨¨ ͳ  ͳ ¸¸ © ¹ ͵
© Ͷ¹
Illustration 5
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡̶†̶ˆ”‘‘‡‡†‘ˆƒ••ƒ†Ž‡‰–Šƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
‹†–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡„›–Š‡”‘†Ǥ
† ǡ

Solution:
‹ ‡‘†‹•‘–ƒ’‘‹–ƒ••Ǥ
† †š ǡ

†
š


[Link] [ 153 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

§ ·
†  u ¨ †š ¸ † ›—‹–ƒ”›‡–Š‘†
† ©  ¹ α  š ʹ†š
³† ³  ³†
† ‰ α Ÿ ‰ o 
šʹ Ͳ †
šʹ

†  † o
 ª š ͳ º   ª ͳ º 
Ÿ α « » α
 «¬ š »¼ †
‰
 ¬ ͳ ¼ † 
†šo †šŸ †Ǥ

  ª ͳ ͳº   ª †  ȋ†  Ȍ º 
Ÿ ‰ α «  »Ÿ ‰ α « » α 
 ¬†   † ¼  ¬ †ȋ†  Ȍ ¼ †ȋ†  Ȍ Ÿ †α †šǤ

Illustration 6
•ƒŽŽ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–ƒ˜‡”›Žƒ”‰‡ƒ†Š‡ƒ˜›‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ–•’‡‡† ͲǤ
Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‹–• ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–ŠǤ
Solution:

‡‘™–Šƒ–ǡ ‰ α
ʹ
‡”‡ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǡ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Ÿ ‰ α 

˜ ʹͲ  ˜Ͳ
 α

 o ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ‹” Ž‡Ǥ

 ˜ ʹͲ ‰
Ÿ
ʹ 

Ÿ 
˜ ʹͲ
) Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–™‘‘„Œ‡ –•ƒ”‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡›„‘–Š”‘–ƒ–‡•ƒ„‘—–
” ”
ƒ ‘‘ ‡–‡” ‹ˆ„‘–ŠŠƒ˜‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•’‡‡†Ǥ  

‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹ƒ”›•–ƒ”•›•–‡•Ǥ
Law of gravitation in vector form
‡”‡ ͳʹ α ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ͳ „›ʹǤ

ʹͳ α ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ʹ „›ͳǤ

›
ͳʹ  ʹͳ ͳ

Ÿ ͳʹ ʹͳ

ͳʹ ʹ
ͳʹ  ”ƶ
”ʹ
š
ͳʹ 
‘” ͳʹ  ”
”͵
œ
™Š‡”‡ ”ƶ ‹•ƒ—‹–˜‡ –‘”ˆ”‘ʹ –‘ͳ ƒ† ” ”ͳ  ”ʹ

Note: Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡• ͳʹ ƒ† ʹͳ ˆ‘”ƒ –‹‘Ǧ”‡ƒ –‹‘’ƒ‹”Ǥ

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ––”ƒ –‹˜‡‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ

[ 154 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 7
™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ†͵‰ƒ”‡ƒ–’‘‹–•ȋͳǡʹȌƒ†ȋͶǡ͸Ȍ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘͵‰
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡†—‡–‘ʹ‰’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ǫ
Solution:
‘” ‡‘”ƒ••͵‰†—‡–‘ʹ‰‹˜‡ –‘”ˆ‘”‹• › ͵‰
 ȁ ‰ȁ”ƶ ȋȋͶǡ͸Ȍ
Ͷ
‰
”ƶ o —‹–˜‡ –‘”ˆ”‘ʹ‰–‘͵‰
‰
” ȋͶ‹ƶ  ͸ ƶ  ȋ‹ƶ  ʹŒȌ
͸ŒȌ ƶ ȋͳǡʹȌ
”ƶ
” ͷ ʹ‰
ʹ
͵‹ƶ  ͶŒƶ š
”ƶ ȋͲǡͲȌ
ͷ
ͳ ʹ ͸Ǥ͸͹ u ͳͲͳͳ u ʹ u ͵
‰ α
”ʹ ȋͷȌʹ
ͳǤ͸Ͳ u ͳͲͳͳ ƶ ƶ
 ȋ͵‹  ͶŒȌ
ͷ

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1. ‘—”‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ’‘‹–ƒ••‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‡“—ƒŽ–‘ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ˆ‘—” ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ•‹†‡ƒǤ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆƒ––”ƒ –‹‘‘ƒ‘–Š‡”’‘‹–ƒ••ͳ ‡’–ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡Ǥ
PGR148
2. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡–Š”‡‡ ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡
‘ˆ•‹†‡̶ƒ̶Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†‘‘‡„‘†›†—‡–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”–™‘Ǥ
PGR149
3. Š”‡‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ’‘‹–ƒ••‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰Ž‹‡‹–Š‡šȂ›’Žƒ‡ƒ–’‘‹–•ȋͲǡͲȌȋͲǡͲǤʹȌƒ†
ȋͲǤʹǡͲȌ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡ƒ••ƒ––Š‡‘”‹‰‹‹•ǣȂ
ȋȌͳǤ͸͹šͳͲȂͳͳ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ  ȋȌ͵Ǥ͵ͶšͳͲȂͳͲ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ 
ȋȌͳǤ͸͹šͳͲȂͻ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ  ȋȌ͵Ǥ͵ͶšͳͲȂͳͲ ȋ‹ƶ  ƶŒȌ 
PGR150
Gravitational field
ƒ –‹•–Š‡”‡‰‹‘ƒ”‘—†ƒƒ••™Š‡”‡‹–•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ƒ„‡‘„•‡”˜‡†Ǥ
ƒ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž††—‡–‘ƒ„‘†›‡š–‡†•–‹ŽŽ‹ˆ‹‹–›Ǥ
ƒ –”‡‰–Š‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•‘‘˜‹‰ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘ƒ„‘†›Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ –‹ˆ‹‹–‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†v ƒ••
ƒ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹• ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘™ƒ›•–‘‡ƒ•—”‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›Ǥ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
Gravitational field intensity (IԦ)
–‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†‘ƒ—‹–ƒ••’Žƒ ‡†‹ƒ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ


‚ –‹•ƒ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ
‚ –•†‹”‡ –‹‘‹••ƒ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ  
‚ ‹–ǣȀ‰Ǥ ‚‹‡•‹‘o ȏ‘ͳȂʹȐ
‘” ‡‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆƒ••̵̵’Žƒ ‡†‹‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Šƒ˜‹‰‹–‡•‹–› ƒ„‡™”‹––‡ƒ•Ȃ

[Link] [ 155 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Gravitational field intensity due to a point mass
–‡•‹–›†—‡–‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ–ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘ ” ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘‹–•‡Žˆ ƒ„‡™”‹––‡ƒ•Ȃ
”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›α‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†‘—‹–ƒ••Ǥ 
r

ƶ
ȋ ””Ȍ
”ʹ

Š‡”‡̶̶‹•–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Šƒ–’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡†—‡–‘™Š‹ Š™‡Šƒ˜‡–‘ˆ‹†‹–‡•‹–›Ǥ
x ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹•ƒ––”ƒ –‹˜‡‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
Illustration 8
ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• Ͷ ‹• ’Žƒ ‡† ƒ– ‘”‹‰‹Ǥ ‹† ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‹–‡•‹–› ƒ– ›
’‘‹–ƒ†’‘‹–”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ 
Solution:
 ʹ
™‡‘™–Šƒ–ǡ ”ƶ
ȋ ”Ȍ
”ʹ

ȋͶ
ȋͶȌ ƶ š
‘  ȋ  ‹Ȍ Ͷ
†ʹ †
ȋͶȌ ƶ
ȋͶ
ƒ†•‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ  ȋ  ŒȌ
ȋʹ†Ȍʹ
Illustration 9
”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›†—‡–‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••̶̶ƒ–ͷ†‹•–ƒ ‡‹•ͳͲ—‹–•ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ–ͳͲǤ
Solution:

•™‡‘™–Šƒ–Ǥ
”ʹ
‡”‡̵̵‹••ƒ‡
ͳ ”ʹʹ ͳͲ ȋͳͲȌʹ
‘ v Ÿ ͳ
Ÿ Ÿ ʹ ʹǤͷ—‹–•
”ʹ ʹ ”ͳʹ ʹ ȋͷȌʹ

Gravitational Field intensity due to multiple particles
ƒ ”‹–‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‹–‡•‹–› †—‡ –‘ ƒŽŽ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ›Ǥ
ƒ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ‹–‡•‹–› ˜‡ –‘” ™‹ŽŽ ‰‹˜‡ ‡–
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›ƒ–ƒ‰‹˜‡’‘‹–Ǥ
‡– ͳ  ʹ  ͵  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
Illustration 10
” ”
‹†‡–ˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›ƒ–‹†Ǧ’‘‹–ΪǤ  ʹ

Solution:
™‡‘™–Šƒ–
 ” ”
”ƶ
ȋ ”Ȍ  ʹ
”ʹ ,ͳ  ,ʹ
 ƶ
ͳ ȋ  ‹Ȍ
”ʹ
ȋʹȌ ƶ
ȋʹ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž› ʹ ȋ‹Ȍ
”ʹ

 ʹ Ÿ  ƶ ʹ ƶ §ʹ  · ƶ  ƶ
‡– ͳ ‡– ‹ ʹ ‹ ¨ ”ʹ  ”ʹ ¸ ȋ‹Ȍ Ÿ ‡– ȋȋ‹Ȍ
”ʹ ” © ¹ ”ʹ

[ 156 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Neutral point
’‘‹–‹•’ƒ ‡ǡŠ‡”‡,‡– αͲ
y ‘”–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•›•–‡ǡ‡—–”ƒŽ’‘‹–‡š‹•–•‘–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ
”
ͳ ”ͳ ”ʹ ʹ

ˆ”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ƒ”‡†‹•–ƒ ‡•ƒ–‡—–”ƒŽ’‘‹–ˆ”‘ͳ ƒ†ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›–Š‡Ǥ

–‡•‹–›‘ˆ„‘–Š’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‘—Ž†„‡‡“—ƒŽǤ

ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ ͳ ʹ
Ÿ ʹ Ÿ Ÿ
”ͳʹ ”ʹ ”ͳʹ ”ʹʹ ”ͳ ”ʹ

”α”ͳ Ϊ”ʹ Ÿ ”ʹ α”Ȃ ”ͳ

ͳ ʹ
Ÿ Ÿ ͳ ”  ͳ ”ͳ ʹ ”ͳ
”ͳ ȋ”  ”ͳ Ȍ

ͳ ” ȋ ͳ  ʹ Ȍ”ͳ

ͳ ” ʹ ”
Ÿ ”ͳ ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ ”ʹ
ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ

Š‡”‡”‹•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ͳ ƒ†ʹ

Note: ‡—–”ƒŽ’‘‹–‹• Ž‘•‡”–‘–Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‡”’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ǥ
Illustration 11
ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ ‡–”‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ†‘‘‹•̶̶ƒ†ƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•͸Ͷ–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ‘‘ǡƒ–
™Šƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†™‹ŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘ǫ
Solution:
‡”‡ ‡ Ꮓ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š
š ȋǦšȌ
 Ꮓ••‘ˆ‘‘ ƒ”–Š
 ƒ”–
”–Š
‡ α͸Ͷ ƒ”–  ‘‘
•™‡‘™–Šƒ–ƒ–‡—–”ƒŽ’‘‹–
,‡– αͲ
Ÿ –‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šα‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ‘‘Ǥ ‡”‡
š α †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š •—”ˆƒ ‡
‡  u ͸Ͷ 
Ÿ Ÿ ™Š‡”‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
šʹ ȋ  šȌʹ šʹ ȋ  šȌʹ
͸Ͷ ͳ ͺ ͳ ͺ
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ š
š ȋ  šȌ
ʹ ʹ
š ȋ  šȌ ͻ
Gravitational field Intensity due to spheres
For solid sphere
‡–̵̵„‡–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ•’Š‡”‡ǡ̵̵–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ•’Š‡”‡ƒ†̵”̵–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
’‘‹–—†‡” ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ•’Š‡”‡Ǥ

[Link] [ 157 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

 ”

Case I : Š‡”εǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡–Š‡ ‘—– ”ƶ   
”ʹ


 ”α
Case II : Š‡”αǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–Š‡ ”ƶ  
•—”ˆƒ ‡
ʹ 


”
Case III : Š‡”δǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‹•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡–Š‡ ‹ ”ƶ  ”
͵ 

Ÿ ”ƒ’Š„‡–™‡‡'۷Ԧ' ƒ†'r' ˆ‘”ƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ǣ

”δ ”α ”ε

”


Gravitational field intensity due to a hollow sphere

 ”ε

Case I : ˆ”εǡ–Š‡’‘‹–‹•‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•Š‡ŽŽ–Š‡ ‘—– ”ƶ  
”ʹ

 ”α
Case II : ˆ”αǡ–Š‡’‘‹–‹•‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–Š‡ ”ƶ 
•—”ˆƒ ‡ 
ʹ

Case III : ˆ”δǡ–Š‡’‘‹–‹•‹•‹†‡–Š‡•Š‡ŽŽ–Š‡ αͲ ”δ 

Ÿ ˜Ȁ•”‰”ƒ’Šˆ‘”Š‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡ǣ  

 ”δ ”α ”ε

”

[ 158 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 12
‹† ‡– ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹•‹†‡ ƒ ƒ••o 
–—‡Ž’”‡•‡–‹ƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ••Š‘™Ǥ
Solution:  —‡Ž
Step A ǣ ‹”•–ˆ‹† ƒ–ƒ••̵̵̵Ǥ ƒ†‹—•o 
§·
¨ ¸
, α ©ʹ¹
͵
ª §  ·º
« ¨ ʹ ¸ » 
Step B ǣ‘™ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ α, Ꮰ« © ¹»
͵ ʹ
«  » ʹ
« »
¬ ¼
Illustration 13
•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ʹ•—””‘—†•ƒ•ƒŽŽ‡”•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ
•ƒ‡ƒ••„—–”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ ˆ„‘–Š•’Š‡”‡•Šƒ˜‡ ‘‘ ‡–”‡ȋ ‘ ‡–”‹ Ȍǡ
–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ ǡ
 ͵
ȋ‹Ȍ ȋ‹‹Ȍ
ʹ ʹ
Solution: ǡʹ

ȋ‹Ȍ – ”α
ʹ
™‡‘™–Šƒ–‹–‡•‹–›‹•‹†‡ƒ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ‹•œ‡”‘Ǥ
—–‹–‡•‹–›‹•‹†‡ƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ƒ–’‘‹–ȋ”ȌŠ‡”‡”δǤ
”
Šƒǡ α ͵

§·
¨ ¸
 ©ʹ¹ Ÿ 
Š‡”‡ǡ”α Ÿ
ʹ  ͵
ʹ ʹ
͵
ȋ‹‹Ȍ –”α
ʹ
‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ǡ‹–‡•‹–›ˆ‘”ƒ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ‹•‹†‡†‹•–ƒ ‡” δʹ ‹•ƒŽ•‘œ‡”‘ǡ„—–‹–‡•‹–›ˆ‘”ƒ•‘Ž‹†
͵
•’Š‡”‡ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡”α ȋ” ! Ȍ ™‹ŽŽ„‡
ʹ
   Ͷ 
ʹ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
” § ͵ ·
ʹ
 ʹ
ͻ ʹ
¨ ʹ ¸ ͻ
© ¹ Ͷ
Acceleration due to gravity
ˆƒ„‘†›‹•’Žƒ ‡†‹•‹†‡ƒ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Šƒ˜‹‰‹–‡•‹–› ǡ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘‹– ‹•
 α,

α,
ƒ”–ŠƒŽ•‘’—ŽŽ•‡˜‡”›‘„Œ‡ ––‘™ƒ”†•‹–• ‡–‡”™‹–Šˆ‘” ‡
Ꮙ
‘ǡ„› ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ǡ‹– ƒ„‡†‡†— ‡†–Šƒ–Ȃ ‰ ȁ ȁ
Š‡”‡ǡ‰‹•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›, ‹•‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž††—‡–‘ƒ”–Š

[Link] [ 159 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Assuming Earth to be a solid sphere
‡ α͸ͶͲͲ
α͸έͳͲʹͶ ‰
α͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͳ ʹȀ‰ʹ



’—––‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ ǡƒ†‡ ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒǡ

‰• αͻǤͺͳȀ•ʹ
Note: ƒ‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ ƒ„‡—•‡†–‘ˆ‹†ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ›’Žƒ‡–Ǥ
 
U) : ‰
In terms of density (U
ʹ
ƒ••α‡•‹–›έ‘Ž—‡
Ͷ
 Uu S ͵
͵
Ͷ
§ Ͷ ͵· ‘Ž—‡ ൌ Ɏଷ
¨ Uu ͵ S ¸ ͵
© ¹ Ͷ
‰ S U
ʹ ͵
Illustration 14
‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹•†‘—„Ž‡‘ˆ†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‹•ͳǤͷ–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡ–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡
–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
ȋͳȌ͵ȀͶ–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š ȋʹȌ͵–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
ȋ͵ȌͶȀ͵–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š ȋͶȌ͸–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
Solution: (2)
‡‘™–Šƒ–
Ͷ ‰‹˜‡
‰ S U
͵ ’ αͳǤͷ‡
Ÿ ‰v U U’ αʹU‡
‰’  ’ U’ ‡”‡’ ჆‹—•‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–
Ÿ
‰‡  ‡ U‡ U’ ᆇ•‹–›‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–

‰’ ͳǤͷ ‡ u ʹU‡
Ÿ αͳǤͷέʹ Ÿ ‰’ ͵‰‡
‰‡  ‡ u U‡
% change based problem
 Ͷ
‰ ‰ S U
ʹ ͵
For change less than 5%
'‰ ' ʹ' '‰ ' 'U
 
‰   ‰  U
Ψ'‰αΨ'ȂʹΨ' Ψ'‰αΨ'ΪΨ'U

[ 160 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 15
ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›ʹΨƬ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›ͳΨ–Š‡ˆ‹†Ψ Šƒ‰‡‹‰ǫ
Solution:
 ‘”†‹‰–‘“—‡•–‹‘
‡ n o ʹΨƒ†‡ o p o ͳΨ
Ψ'‰αΨ'Ȃ ʹΨ'
Ÿ Ψ'‰αʹȂʹȋȂͳȌΨ
Ÿ Ψ'‰αȋʹΪʹȌΨ
Ÿ Ψ'‰ ͶΨ
Variation in acceleration due to gravity with height
”‘†‹ƒ‰”ƒ
‡ Š
‰Š ȋ ‡  ŠȌʹ  ʹ‡ ‡
‰ ‡ ȋ ‡  ŠȌʹ ‰
 ʹ‡
 ʹ‡
Re
ʹ
‰Š  ʹ‡ ͳ ‰Š § Š ·
Ÿ ʹ ʹ
Ÿ ¨ͳ  ¸
‰ § Š · § Š · ‰ © ‡ ¹
 ʹ‡ ¨ ͳ  ¸ ¨ͳ  ¸
© ‡ ¹ © ‡ ¹

›‹‘‹ƒŽ‡š’ƒ•‹‘ǡ
ʹ
§ Š · § ʹŠ · ª ʹŠ º
¨ͳ  ¸ | ¨ͳ  ¸ ȏ‹ˆŠδδ‡Ȑ Ÿ ‰Š ‰ «ͳ  »
© ‡ ¹ © ‡ ¹ ¬ ‡ ¼

Note: ȋ‹Ȍ Š‹•ˆ‘”—Žƒ‹•˜ƒŽ‹†‹ˆŠ‹•—’–‘ ͷΨ‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š̵•”ƒ†‹—•ȋ͵ʹͲˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ȍ

‡
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˆŠ‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–ŠƒͷΨ‡ƒ”–Š̵•”ƒ†‹—•™‡—•‡Ǥ ‰ Š
ȋ ‡  ŠȌʹ
Illustration 16
ͳ
– ™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›„‡ ‘‡• –‹‡•‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ–‡ƒ”–Š
Ͷ
•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
Solution:
‰ ‰
‰o ƒ–‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ‰̵α ‰Š α ʹ
Ͷ § Š ·
¨ͳ  ¸
© ‡ ¹

‰ ‰ ͳ ͳ § Š · Š
‘”‘”‡–ŠƒͷΨ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ ʹ ¨ͳ  ¸ Ÿ ͳ
Ͷ § Š ·
ʹ
ʹ § Š · © ‡ ¹ ‡
¨ͳ  ¸ ¨ͳ  ¸
© ‡ ¹ © ‡ ¹

Ÿ Šα‡ Ÿ Šα͸ͶͲͲ

[Link] [ 161 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 17
ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ʹ ‡ ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ȋ‰‹•ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘
‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–ƒ•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠȌǤ
Solution:
‰
‰Š ʹ
§ Š · ‹˜‡ǡŠαʹ‡
¨ͳ  ¸
© ‡ ¹
‰ ‰ ‰
Ÿ ‰Š ʹ ʹ
Ÿ ‰Š
§ Š · ͳʹ ͻ
¨ͳ  ¸
© ‡ ¹
Variation in acceleration due to gravity with depth
–ƒ›‰‡‡”ƒŽ’‘‹–‹•‹†‡ƒ”–Šǡ

‰ ” o ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ”–Š
͵
Š‡”‡ǡ”‹•†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ

‰† ȋ  †Ȍ
͵
§ †· 
‰† ʹ ¨
ͳ ¸ ‰• ȋ‰•α‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠȌ
 © ¹ ʹ
§ †·
‰†‰ • ¨ ͳ  ¸ ‘”ƒ›†‡’–Š„‡Ž‘™ƒ”–Š—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
© ¹
ȋ '‰Ȍ† †
”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ†‡ ”‡‡– ȋƒŽ‹†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ†‡’–Š•Ȍ
‰ 
Note: ͳǤ ƒŽ‹†ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ‘”Žƒ”‰‡†‡’–Š
'‰ †
ʹǤ ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡‹˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‰ o
‰ 
͵Ǥ –ƒ›†‡’–Šǡ‰† 䉕
 ”
ͶǤ ‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”–Šƒ– ƒ„‡—•‡†ǡ ‰ † ” ‰† ‰• ‰
͵ 
Graph : ‰•
‘””δ ‘””t 
 ‰•  ʹ
‰ ” o ‰ ” ‰ o ‰ ‰ • ʹ
͵  ”ʹ ” ”
—”ˆƒ ‡
Note: ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‰‹•ƒš‹—ƒ–ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ ‡–”‡
Illustration 18
„‘†›™‡‹‰Š•͹ʹ‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡‹–‹•–ƒ‡–‘ƒ†‡’–Š‡“—ƒŽ–‘Ȁʹˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ
‡ƒ”–Šǡ™Š‡”‡‹•”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡ‹–™‘—Ž†™‡‹‰ŠȂ
Solution:
§ †· §  · § ͳ· ͳ
‰† ‰• ¨ ͳ  ¸ ‰• ¨ ͳ  ¸ ‰• ¨ ͳ  ¸ ‰•
© ¹ © ʹu  ¹ © ʹ¹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ
‰ † ‰ • Ÿ ‰ † u ͹ʹ ͵͸
ʹ ʹ

[ 162 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 19
– ™Šƒ– †‡’–Š ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• „› ͹ͷΨ ‘ˆ ‹–• ˜ƒŽ—‡ ƒ– –Š‡
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǫ
Solution:
§ †·
‰† ‰ ¨ ͳ  ¸
© ¹
‡”‡͹ͷΨ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•‡ƒ•ʹͷΨ„‡ ‘‡
ʹͷ § †· ͳ † † ͵ ͵
Ÿ ‰ ‰ ¨ͳ  ¸ Ÿ ͳ  Ÿ Ÿ †
ͳͲͲ © ¹ Ͷ   Ͷ Ͷ
Illustration 20
–™Šƒ–†‡’–Šˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›‹•†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›ʹΨǫ
Solution:
‡‘™–Šƒ–
'‰ †
‰ 
ʹ †
Ÿ †αͳʹͺ
ͳͲͲ ͸ͶͲͲ
Illustration 21
ʹ
ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–ƒ†‡’–Š ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•Ǥ
͵
Solution:
§ †· § ʹ · § ʹ· §ͳ· ‰
‰† ‰ ¨ͳ  ¸ ‰ ¨ͳ  ‰ ¨ͳ  ¸ ‰¨ ¸
© ¹ © ͵ u  ¸¹ © ͵¹ ©͵¹ ͵ Z

Variation in value of 'g' due to rotation of earth

α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO ‡ ‰
‰‡ˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO O
O ა‰Ž‡‘ˆŽƒ–‹–—†‡
‰‡ˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO
Š‡”‡ǡ ‰ǣƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›™‹–Š‘—– ‘•‹†‡”‹‰
”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š
‰‡ˆˆ ǣƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–› ‘•‹†‡”‹‰”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š Z Zʹ” ‘• 

O ǣ‰Ž‡‘ˆŽƒ–‹–—†‡ ” O
Zʹ”
‘”’‘Ž‡•ǡO αͻͲι O
‡ ‰
‘”‡“—ƒ–‘”ǡO αͲ
O
ቇˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO ”α‡ ‘•O

•‘‡‘˜‡•–‘™ƒ”†•’‘Ž‡ǡƒ’’ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ O ა‰Ž‡‘ˆ

[Link] [ 163 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 22
Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ”–Š•‘–Šƒ–™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒƒƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”„‡ ‘‡•ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆŠ‹•’”‡•‡–‘ˆ
˜ƒŽ—‡ǫ ȋ•™‡”‹–‡”•‘ˆ‰ƒ†Ȍ
Solution:

‡‹‰Š–ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”ȋ̵Ȍα
ʹ
‰̵α ‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹȋOȌ
ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”O αͲ
  ‰
Ÿ ‰̵α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ȋͳȌʹ Ÿ αȂ Zʹ‡ Ÿ Zʹ‡ α α
ʹ ʹ ʹ
‰ ‰
Ÿ Zʹ α Ÿ Z
ʹ ‡ ʹ ‡
Special case
ቇˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO
ˆ•‘‡Š‘™Z n ‰‡ˆˆ p p
‰
ቇˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO αͲŸ Z
 ‡ ‘•ʹ O

p
‡“—‹”‡† Z
‘”‡‹‰Š–Ž‡••‡••Ǥ
Illustration 23
–™Šƒ–ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ’‡”•‘ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”™‹ŽŽˆ‡‡Ž™‡‹‰Š–Ž‡••‡••ǫ
Solution:
‘”™‡‹‰Š–Ž‡••‡••”‡“—‹”‡†Z ‹•
‰ ͳ ‰
Z ȋO αͲιȌˆ‘”‡“—ƒ–‘”
 ‡ ‘•ʹ O ‘• O  ‡
ͳ ‰ ‰
Ÿ Z Ÿ Z
‘•Ͳq  ‡ ‡
Note: ‰‡ˆˆ α‰Ȃ Zʹ‡ ‘•ʹO
Ȉ ‘”’‘Ž‡•ǡO αͻͲι ‰’ α‰
Ȉ ‘”‡“—ƒ–‘”ǡO αͲι  ‰‡“ α‰Ȃ Zʹ
Ȉ ˆ‘–‡–‹‘‡†‹’”‘„Ž‡ǡƒ••—‡‘„Œ‡ –ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”ǡO αͲι
Ȉ ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š•—††‡Ž›•–‘’•”‘–ƒ–‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹–•‘™ƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡ƒ’’ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ„‘†‹‡•‘”‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‡’Žƒ ‡•‡š ‡’–’‘Ž‡•Ǥ
Variation in value of "g" due to shape of Earth
’
'‰α‰‡ Ȃ ‰’ | ͲǤͲʹȀ•ʹ
ƒ”–Š‹•‘–ƒ’‡”ˆ‡ –•’Š‡”‡Ǥ
 ‡“
‰•—”ˆƒ ‡ α ʹ

ƒ••—”ˆƒ ‡‹• Ž‘•‡–‘ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ”–Š‡ƒ”’‘Ž‡ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘‡“—ƒ–‘”ǡ
‰’ 則“

[ 164 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 24
Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ›‘—‰‡–‘”‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•—‰ƒ”‹ͳ‰Ǥ–’‘Ž‡‘”ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”ǫ
Solution:

‰α ʹ

‰’ 則“ ȏ ‡“ εȐ
ƒ†α™‡‹‰Š–Ꮙ
Ÿ ƒ–’‘Ž‡ ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”
’‘Ž‡ Ꮙ’ ‡“—ƒ–‘” Ꮙ‡
Ÿ ’‘Ž‡ ! ‡“—ƒ–‘”
‘ƒ–’‘Ž‡•™‡‹‰Š–‹•‘”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”™‡‹‰Š–‹•Ž‡••
‘ƒ–‡“—ƒ–‘”™‡™‹ŽŽ‰‡–‘”‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•—‰ƒ”‹ͳ‰Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1. Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ– †‹•–ƒ ‡• ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ—‹ˆ‘”
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†ƒ••ƒ”‡ ͳ ƒ† ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ–Š‡ǣǦ
” ”ʹ
ȋȌ ͳ ͳ ‹ˆ”ͳ 䃐†”ʹ δ ȋȌ ͳ ʹʹ ‹ˆ”ͳ 僐†”ʹ ε
ʹ ”ʹ ʹ ”ͳ
”ͳ͵ ”ͳʹ
ȋȌ ͳ
‹ˆ”ͳ 䃐†”ʹ δ ȋȌ ͳ
‹ˆ”ͳ 䃐†”ʹ δ
ʹ ”ʹ͵ ʹ ”ʹʹ
PGR151
2. •–‘‡†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–̵Š̵”‡ƒ Š‡•–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡‹ͳ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡•–‘‡‹•–ƒ‡–‘
‘‘ƒ††”‘’’‡†ˆ”‡‡Ž›ˆ”‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Š‡‹‰Š––Š‡‹–™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Š–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘‘‹ƒ
–‹‡ȋŠ‡̵‰̵‘ˆ‘‘‹•ͳȀ͸–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ”–ŠȌǣǦ
ȋȌ ͸ •‡ ‘†• ȋȌͻ•‡ ‘†• ȋȌ ͵ •‡ ‘†• ȋȌ͸•‡ ‘†•
PGR152
3. Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ”–Š‹•ƒ„‘—–͸ͶͲͲƒ†–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ”•‹•͵ʹͲͲǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆƒ”–Š‹• ͳͲ–‹‡•–Šƒ–
‘ˆƒ”•Ǥ‘„Œ‡ –™‡‹‰Š•ʹͲͲ‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ –•™‡‹‰Š–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ”•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣȂ
ȋȌͺͲ ȋȌͶͲ ȋȌʹͲ ȋȌͺ
PGR153
4. ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒ„‘†›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•„›ͳΨ™Š‡‹–‹•”ƒ‹•‡†–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Šƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡
„‘†›‹•–ƒ‡–‘ƒ†‡’–ŠŠ‹ƒ‹‡ǡ–Š‡‹–•™‡‹‰Š–™‹ŽŽǣǦ
ȋȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͲǤͷΨȋȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ʹΨ ȋȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͲǤͷΨ ȋȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳΨ
PGR154
5. –™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡†‘‡•–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳΨǫ
PGR155
6. ‹†–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡†‡ ”‡‡–‹–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒ„‘†›™Š‡–ƒ‡–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͳ͸ƒ„‘˜‡
–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤȋ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•͸ͶͲͲȌ
PGR156
7. Šƒ–‹•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘ŠƒŽˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡˆ”‘
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǫȏ–ƒ‡‰αͳͲȀ•ʹ ‘‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ȑ
PGR157
8. –™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡†‘‡•–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›͹ͷΨ
‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ–‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ǫ
PGR158
[Link] [ 165 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
9. –™Š‹ ŠŠ‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘˜‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡‹•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵‰̵•ƒ‡ƒ•‹ƒͳͲͲ†‡‡’‹‡ǫ
PGR159
10. –™Šƒ–†‡’–Š„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡†‘‡•–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›„‡ ‘‡•͹ͲΨ‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡
‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǫ
PGR160
ͳ
11. –™Šƒ–†‡’–Šˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡†‘‡•–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›„‡ ‘‡• –‹‡•–Šƒ–
Ͷ
‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ–•—”ˆƒ ‡ǫ
PGR161
12. ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ƒ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘”†‡•‹–›–Š‡’Ž‘–ƒ‰”ƒ’Š„‡–™‡‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ȋ‰Ȍƒ††‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ [AIPMT (Mains) 2006]
PGR162
Gravitational potential
”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ–ƒ’‘‹–‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ‘—–‘ˆ™‘”†‘‡„›‡š–‡”ƒŽƒ‰‡–ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
’—ŽŽ‹„”‹‰‹‰ƒ—‹–ƒ••ˆ”‘‹ˆ‹‹–›–‘–Šƒ–’‘‹–™‹–Š‘—– Šƒ‰‹‰‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
fo 


 f
Note: ‘–‹‘ ‘ˆ —‹– ƒ•• ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† •Ž‘™Ž›ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– ‘ ‡‡”‰› ‹• •’‡– –‘
Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ•›•–‡Ǥ
–‹ˆ‹‹–›ǡ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‹•ƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ZEROǤ
Gravitational potential due to point mass ‰ α ‡š–
 f
ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡šˆ”‘‰‹˜‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ•• †š 
š
–Š‡ǡ ™‘”†‘‡–‘†‹•’Žƒ ‡ƒ••„›†‹•–ƒ ‡†š–‘™ƒ”†•—†‡”‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—

†‡š– †š ‘• ͳͺͲq
šʹ
‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰‘ˆ†š‹†‹ ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡–‹•–‘™ƒ”†•ƒ••
 
†‡š– ʹ
†š ͳ Ÿ †‡š– †š
š šʹ

†‡š– †š
šʹ
–‘–ƒŽ™‘”†‘‡‹„”‹‰‹‰–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ˆ”‘‹ˆ‹‹–›–‘ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘ƒ••‹•Ǧ
”
”   §  · §  ·
‡š– ³ f šʹ
†š 
š f
¨ ” ¸¨ f ¸
© ¹ © ¹
”
 

‡š– 
”
fo
ƒ•’‡”†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ǡ 

‡š– 
 
 ”
–”†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ

 
”
Note: ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰‹’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‹†‹ ƒ–‡•ƒ––”ƒ –‹˜‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆˆ‘” ‡Ǥ

[ 166 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 25 
‹†‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‘‹†Ǥ
Solution: ƒ ƒ

αȂ  ƒ 
”
  
‡– αȂ Ȃ Ȃ
” ” ”

ƒ
Ÿ ” ‘•͵Ͳα
ʹ
ƒ  ƒ
͵ ƒ ƒ ”
Ÿ ”έ α
ʹ ʹ ͵  
͵   ƒ
Ÿ ‡– αȂ αȂ ͵ ͵
ƒȀ ͵ ƒ
Relation between Potential and Intensity
†

†”
Note: ͳǤ ˆ‹• ‘•–ƒ–‹ƒ”‡‰‹‘ǡ, αͲ
ʹǤ Š‹•”‡Žƒ–‹‘‹•˜ƒŽ‹†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‹‡Ž†•Ǥ
Illustration 26
†
‹†‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ”‹‰‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ
Solution:
† 
 ³ Ÿ   
 
Standard results to remember
Spherical shell (M, R)

Case I ”εȋ‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡ȌǢ‘—– αȂ 
” ”δ  ”ε
 ”

Case II ”αȋ‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ȌǢ•—”ˆƒ ‡ αȂ

Case III ”δȋ‹•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡Ǣ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‹••ƒ‡‡˜‡”›™Š‡”‡ƒ†‹• GM
െ
 R
‡“—ƒŽ–‘‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ Ǣ ‹ αȂ

Solid sphere(M, R)  ”α
 ”
Case I ”εȋ‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡ȌǢ‘—– αȂ
” ‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”
 Ȃ  Š›’‡”„‘Žƒ
Case II ”αȋ‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ȌǢ•—”ˆƒ ‡ αȂ
 
Case III ”δȋ‹•‹†‡–Š‡•’Š‡”‡Ǣ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‹••ƒ‡‡˜‡”›™Š‡”‡ƒ†‹• ƒ”ƒ„‘Ž‹
 Ȃ͵ 
‡“—ƒŽ–‘‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ Ǣ ‹ αȂ ͵ ȋ͵ʹ Ȃ ”ʹȌ
ʹ ʹ
Illustration 27
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹••‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•
ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ–ƒ’‘‹–•‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡Ȁ͵ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ

[Link] [ 167 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Solution:
 α•’Š‡”‡ Ϊ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ 
§   · 
αȂ ¨  ¸
©   Ȁ͵ ¹ 


 ൬ ൰
αȂ ȋͳ  ͵Ȍ  ͵

Ͷ  ’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Š‡ŽŽ
α Ȃ

Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–‹•‘‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•
–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ™‘””‡“—‹”‡†–‘„”‹‰‹–ˆ”‘‹ˆ‹‹–›–‘–Šƒ–’‘‹–™‹–Š‘—– Šƒ‰‹‰‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
ͳʹ ”
αȂ
” ͳ ʹ
ȋ ‡”‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰•Š‘™•–Š‡„‘—†‡••‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•Ȍ 
x –‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ 
x –̵• —‹–‹•Œ‘—Ž‡ƒ†‹‡•‹‘•ƒ”‡ȏͳʹȂʹȐ
x Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••̵̵’Žƒ ‡†‘–Š‡ 
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‘ˆƒ••̵̵ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•̵̵‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣ

 

Gravitational potential energy for three particle system
ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘”‡–Šƒ–™‘’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‹ƒ•›•–‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡–‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡
•›•–‡‹•–Š‡•—‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰‹‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡’‘••‹„Ž‡’ƒ‹”•‹–Šƒ–•›•–‡Ǥ
͵

”͵ ”ʹ
‘”‡‰Ǥǣ

”ͳ ʹ
ͳ

§ ͳʹ · § ʹ͵ · § ͳ͵ · ͳʹ ʹ͵ ͳ͵

•›•–‡ ¨  ¸¨ ¸¨ ¸   
© ”ͳ ¹ © ”ʹ ¹ © ”͵ ¹ ”ͳ ”ʹ ”͵
ˆ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ–ƒ’‘‹–‹•
Š‡ ‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–‹•ǣ
 αȋȌ
Note: –‹ˆ‹‹–›ǡf αͲŸ f αͲ
Illustration 28
ˆ–Š‡‰‹˜‡•›•–‡‘ˆ–Š”‡‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ǡ‘–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡•‹†‡ƒ‹•–‘
„‡ Šƒ‰‡†–‘•‹†‡‘ˆʹƒǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡™‘”†‘‡‘–Š‡•›•–‡Ǥ
Solution:
”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•‹†‡̶ƒ̶
   ͵ ʹ
•›•–‡ αȂ   α
ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ
‘™̶ƒ̶‹• Šƒ‰‡†„›̶ʹƒ̶
   ƒ
Š‡•›•–‡ αȂ  
ʹƒ ʹƒ ʹƒ
[ 168 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
͵ ʹ
Ÿ •›•–‡ αȂ
ʹƒ 
ʹ ʹ
͵  ͵ 
‹ αȂ ƒ†ˆ αȂ
ƒ ʹƒ ʹƒ ʹƒ
‘”†‘‡α'
αˆ Ȃ ‹
 
͵ ʹ § ͵ ʹ · ͵ ʹ ª ͳ º ʹƒ
Ÿ αȂ ¨ ¸ αȂ ͳ
ʹƒ © ƒ ¹ ƒ «¬ ʹ »¼
͵ ʹ
Ÿ 
ʹƒ
Illustration 29
‹†‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••̶̶’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Ǥƒ„‘˜‡ 
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••̶̶ƒ†ƒ†‹—•̶̶Ǥ
Solution:

αȂ
”
ȋǡȌ
  
Ÿ αȂ αȂ αȂ
ȋ  ŠȌ   ʹ ”αΪŠ
‘™’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ȋȌαȋȌ ƒ†Šα
 
Ÿ αȂ ȋȌ Ÿ  
ʹ ʹ
Note: ˆ‘„Œ‡ –‹•–Š”‘™™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›—ˆ”‘ƒ”–Š—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ ˜αͲ
ƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ Š‹‡˜‡† ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†ƒ•ǣ
— Š
ȏ›ƒ’’Ž›‹‰‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ȑ ‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘˜‡
ʹ‰Š ‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡
—
Š
ͳ
‡
ƒ‡”‡•—Ž–ˆ‘”
‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ‘„Œ‡ –ƒ–ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡™Š‡†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘Š‡‹‰Š–Š
ƒ„‘˜‡ƒ”–Š—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
Illustration 30
‘„Œ‡ –‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡™‹–Š•’‡‡†—α ͳǤͷ‰ ‡ ǡˆ‹†–Š‡ƒš‹—Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ––ƒ‹‡†„›
‘„Œ‡ –Ǥȋ‰ǡ‡ Šƒ˜‡–Š‡‹”—•—ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‰Ȍ
Solution:
ʹ‰Š
? —α
Š
ͳ
‡
͵ ʹ‰Š ͵ ʹŠ
‰ ‡ Ÿ ‡ Ÿ ͵‡ Ϊ͵ŠαͶŠ
ʹ Š ʹ Š
ͳ ͳ
‡ ‡
Ÿ Šα͵‡

[Link] [ 169 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Escape velocity (Ve)
–‹•–Š‡‹‹—˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ‘„Œ‡ –Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡’Žƒ‡–̵••—”ˆƒ ‡•‘–Šƒ–‹–Œ—•–‡• ƒ’‡•–Š‡
’Žƒ‡–̵•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ
‘•‹†‡” ƒ ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ǡ Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ’Žƒ‡– ȋ‘” •‘‡ ‘–Š‡” ƒ•–”‘‘‹ ƒŽ „‘†› ‘”
•›•–‡Ȍǡ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†ƒ••™‹–Š‡• ƒ’‡•’‡‡†˜‡Ǥ
Š‡–Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡Œ—•–‡• ƒ’‡•–‘‹ˆ‹‹–›ǡ‹–Šƒ•‡‹–Š‡”‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
ͳ §  · ʹ 
”‘ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰› ˜ ʹ‡  ¨  ¸ Ͳ  Ͳ Ÿ ˜‡
ʹ ©  ¹ 
Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ„‘†›ˆ”‘ƒŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ–Š‡‹‰Š–̵Š̵ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ǡ™‡ ƒ—•‡ǣǦ
ʹ  ʹ 
˜‡ ȓ ”αΪŠȔ
” Š
Š‡”‡ǡ ”α‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–ǡ Šα ‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–
Escape speed depends on :
ȋ‹Ȍ ƒ••ȋȌƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ȋȌ‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‘•‹–‹‘ˆ”‘™Š‡”‡–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†Ǥ
Escape speed does not depend on :
ȋ‹Ȍ ƒ••ȋȌ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›™Š‹ Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‰Ž‡‘ˆ’”‘Œ‡ –‹‘Ǥ
ˆƒ„‘†›‹•–Š”‘™ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡™‹–Š‡• ƒ’‡•’‡‡†ǡ‹–‰‘‡•‘—–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š̵•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ†
‡˜‡””‡–—”•„ƒ –‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
For Earth
ʹ 
˜‡
‡

–Š‡”ˆ‘”•ǡ ‰ • Ÿ ˜‡ ʹ‰ •  ‡
 ʹ‡
’—––‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡• ǣ˜‡ αͳͳǤʹȀ•ǡ‰• αͻǤͺͳȀ•ʹǡ‡ α͸ͶͲͲ
Illustration 31
—‘™’Žƒ‡–‹•‘ˆ–™‹ ‡–Š‡•‹œ‡ƒ†ŠƒŽˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ ˆ‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ˆ”‘ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•
‘ǡ™Šƒ–™‘—Ž†„‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆ”‘–Š‡—‘™’Žƒ‡–Ǥ
Solution:
ʹ  
‘ α Ÿ ‘ v
 
 Ȁʹ   ͳ ‘
‘™ u Ÿ Ÿ 
‘  ʹ ‘ Ͷ ʹ
Illustration 32
ˆ‹•ƒ••‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–ǡ–Š‡‹‘”†‡”–‘„‡ ‘‡„Žƒ Š‘Ž‡ǡ™Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ǫ
Solution:
‘”ƒ„‘†›–‘„‡ ‘‡ƒ„Žƒ „‘†›Ǥ˜‡Ž‹‰Š– ƒ‘–‡• ƒ’‡‹–•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽǤ
‡ t
ʹ 
t α•’‡‡†‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–
”
ʹ  ʹ 
ʹ
t” Ÿ ”d ʹ

[ 170 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Escape velocity from a point other than surface
‡‡’ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’‘‹–•‹‹†ǨǨ
ͳǤ ‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰› ‹•œ‡”‘ƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–™Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•–ƒ”–‘˜‹‰™‹–Š‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡαͲ
‡ 
ʹǤ ˆ‰‹˜‡’‘‹–‹•ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡”ȋεȌˆ”‘ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ ‘—– αȂ
”
ȋ͵ ʹ  ”ʹ Ȍ
͵Ǥ ˆ‰‹˜‡’‘‹–‹•ƒ–†‹•–ƒ ‡”ȋδȌˆ”‘ ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ ‹ αȂ ݏ
ʹ͵
Illustration 33
‹–Š™Šƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›—•–ƒ„‘†›„‡–Š”‘™ˆ”‘ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ•‘–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›”‡ƒ Šƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Ͷ‡ ƒ„‘˜‡
–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥȋ‡ α͸ͶͲͲǡ‰αͻǤͺȀ•ʹȌ
Solution:
›—•‹‰ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
‹ Ϊ‹ αˆ ΪˆǤ
ͳ ‘ ‘
Ÿ ‘ʹ Ȃ αȂ
ʹ ‡ ȋ ‡  Ͷ ‡ Ȍ
ͳ ‘ ‘
Ÿ ‘ʹ αȂ 
ʹ ͷ ‡ ‡

ͳ Ͷ ‘  ͺ  ‫׶‬ ‰α
Ÿ ‘ʹ α Ÿ ʹ α  ʹ‡
ʹ ͷ ‡ ͷ ‡
Ÿ  ‰ʹ‡
ͺ ‰  ʹ‡ ͺ
Ÿ  α
ʹ α έͻǤͺέ͸ͶͲͲέͳͲ͵ αͳͲͺȀ•
ͷ ‡ ͷ
Illustration 34
ƒ””‘™–—‡Ž‹•†—‰ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šȋ‡ǡȌǡƒ†ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••̵̵‹•’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–̵Ȁʹ̵
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‡• ƒ’‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ˆ”‘–Šƒ–’Žƒ ‡Ǥ
Solution:
—’’‘•‡™‡’”‘Œ‡ ––Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡™‹–Š•’‡‡†‡Ǥ‘–Šƒ–‹–Œ—•–”‡ƒ Š‡•‹ˆ‹‹–›ȋ”o fȌ
› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
‡ǡ
‹ Ϊ‹ αˆ ΪˆǤ
ͳ ª  ­
° ʹ §· ½
ʹ
°º
‡ʹ   «  ͵‡ ”o fǡo Ͳ
®͵  ¨ ¸ ¾» Ͳ Ȁʹ
ʹ «¬ ʹ °
¯ ©ʹ¹ ¿°»¼  ‡ ǥǥǥǥǥǤ 
ͳͳ ‡
Ÿ ‡
Ͷ
Illustration 35
‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰‹•ȂͳͲͲ ƒ–•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–Ǥ ‹†‹–•‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
Solution:
› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
‹ Ϊ‹ αˆ ΪˆǤ
ͳ
Ÿ ‡ʹ ΪȋȂͳͲͲȌαͲΪͲ ƒ–‹ˆ‹‹–›
ʹ
ͳ ˆ αͲ
Ÿ u ʹ u ‡ʹ ͳͲͲ
ʹ ˆ αͲ
‡ ͳͲ Ȁ •

[Link] [ 171 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Escape energy-Binding Energy
‡
‹‹—‡‡”‰›‰‹˜‡–‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›•‘–Šƒ–‹– ƒ
•—”ˆƒ ‡
Œ—•–‡• ƒ’‡–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ

ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‡• ƒ’‡‡‡”‰›α
  ƒ”–Š 
ȋȂ˜‡‘ˆ‘–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ȍ
• ƒ’‡‡‡”‰›α‹‡–‹ ‡”‰› ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ÿ

 ͳ ʹ
˜ ‡
 ʹ
Note: –Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡†‹• —••‹‘‹– ƒ„‡ƒ›’Žƒ‡–ˆ‘”–Šƒ–ƒ––‡”
δ• ƒ’‡‡”‰› ˜‘ δ˜‡ ‘†›”‡–—”•–‘ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡
α• ƒ’‡‡”‰› ˜‘ α˜‡ ‘†› ‘‡•–‘”‡•–ƒ–‹ˆ‹‹–›
ε• ƒ’‡‡”‰› ˜‘ ε˜‡ ‘†›Šƒ•”‡•‹†—ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–‹ˆ‹‹–›
Illustration 36
„‘†›‘ˆƒ••Šƒ••’‡‡†˜‘ȋδ˜‡Ȍƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ‹†‹‹—ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”‰›”‡“—‹”‡†
•‘–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›‡• ƒ’‡ˆ”‘‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ ȋ‡ ǣƒ••‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ‡ ǣ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ”–ŠȌ
Solution:
‡”‡˜‡ δ˜‡Ǣ› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ƒ–f αͲ
Ÿ •—’’Ž‹‡†Ϊ‹ Ϊ‹ αͲ
ͳ §  · ª  ͳ º
•—’’Ž‹‡† Ϊ ˜ ʹ‘ Ϊ ¨  ¸ Ͳ Ÿ •—’’Ž‹‡† α «  ˜ ʹ‘ »
ʹ ©  ¹ ¬  ʹ ¼
Note: Why do some planets have atmosphere around them, but some do not ?
ˆ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ‰ƒ•‘Ž‡ —Ž‡‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ‘”‡“—ƒŽ–‘‡• ƒ’‡‡‡”‰›‘ƒ’Žƒ‡–ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽ‡• ƒ’‡
ˆ”‘–Šƒ–’Žƒ‡–‡ƒ•‹Ž›Ǥ
Šƒ–̵•™Š›•‘‡ ‡Ž‡•–‹ƒŽ„‘†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ƒ†‘–Š‡”•Šƒ˜‡‘–Ǥ
Illustration 37
Šƒ–Šƒ’’‡•™Š‡›‘—”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ƒ ‡Ž‹—„ƒŽŽ‘‘Ǧ
ȋ‹Ȍ –ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ ȋ‹‹Ȍ –‘‘̵••—”ˆƒ ‡
Solution:
ȋ‹Ȍ ˆƒŠ‡Ž‹—„ƒŽŽ‘‘‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ–Š‡‹–̶‘˜‡—’™ƒ”†̶„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡—’™ƒ”†
„—‘›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘•—””‘—†‹‰ƒ‹”‡š ‡‡†•‹–•†‘™™ƒ”†•™‡‹‰Š–
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Š‡–Š‡„ƒŽŽ‘‘‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‘‘–Š‡‹–™‹ŽŽˆƒŽŽ™‹–Š̶‰Ȁ͸̶ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘—†‡”
–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ––”ƒ –‹‘ƒ–‘‘ȋ—’–Š”—•–‹•œ‡”‘†—‡–‘ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ȍ
Binding energy
‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‡ƒ”ƒ”–ŠǤ
δͲ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ‘–‡• ƒ’‡–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ”–Š
t Ͳ ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ƒ‡• ƒ’‡–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆƒ”–Š

BEGINNER’S BOX-3
1. Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•‰Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
‹Ž‹ˆ–‹‰ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
PGR163
2. ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹”‡‰‹‘‘ˆ•’ƒ ‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹•‰‹˜‡„› αȂ ȋȀ”ȌȋŠ‡”‡”‹•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡
ˆ”‘ƒˆ‹š‡†’‘‹–ƒ†‹• ‘•–ƒ–ȌǤƒ‹‰–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡’‘‹––‘„‡ƒ–”α” Ͳ ™‹–ŠαͲǤ ‹†
–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”Ǥ
PGR164

[ 172 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
3. ™‘ƒ••‡•‘ˆͳͲʹ ‰ƒ†ͳͲ͵ ‰ƒ”‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›ͳ†‹•–ƒ ‡Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
ƒ––Š‡‹†’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡Ǥ
PGR165
4. Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–•‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ͺͲͲͲˆ”‘–Š‡
‡–”‡‘ˆƒ”–Š‹•͸ǤͲǦ‰ǤŠ‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ––Šƒ–’‘‹–‹ǦȀ‰™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ȋȌ͸ ȋȌͶǤͺέͳͲ͹ ȋȌͺέͳͲͷ ȋȌͶǤͺέͳͲʹ
PGR166

5. Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† †—‡ –‘ ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ•• †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‹•  ͵ ‹ –Š‡ šȂ†‹”‡ –‹‘
š
ȋ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–ȌǤƒ‹‰–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–‘„‡œ‡”‘ƒ–‹ˆ‹‹–›ǡ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰
–‘†‹•–ƒ ‡š‹•ǣȂ
   
ȋȌ ȋȌ ȋȌ ʹ ȋȌ ʹ
š ʹš š ʹš
PGR167
6. ™‘ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ••‡•  ƒ†  ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡† † †‹•–ƒ ‡ ƒ’ƒ”–Ǥ Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽȋȌƒ––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘™Š‡”‡–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž††—‡–‘–Š‡‹•œ‡”‘‹•ǣȂ
ȋȌ   ȋ  Ȍ ȋȌ  
† †

ȋȌ   ȋȌ   ȋ   Ȍʹ
† †
PGR168
7. „‘†›‘ˆƒ••‹••‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡Ͷ‡ ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ™Š‡”‡‡ ‹•–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•
‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤŠƒ–‹‹—‡‡”‰›•Š‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡„‘†›•‘–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›‡• ƒ’‡ǫ
‰ ‡ ‰ ‡
ȋȌ‰‡ ȋȌʹ‰‡ ȋȌ ȋȌ
ͷ ͳ͸
PGR169
8. Š”‡‡ •‘Ž‹† •’Š‡”‡• ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—•  ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡† ‹ ‘–ƒ – ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰Ǥ ˆ‹† –Š‡
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡Ǥ

PGR170

Kepler's Law
Kepler's 1st Law
ƒ Š’Žƒ‡–‘˜‡•‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡•—ƒ–‘‡ˆ‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ŽŽ‹’•‡Ǥ

Ellipse : ŽŽ‹’•‡‹•–Š‡•‡–‘ˆƒŽŽ’‘‹–••— Š–Šƒ–•—‘ˆ–Š‡ 

†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆ‘ ‹ȋ’Ž—”ƒŽ‘ˆˆ‘ —•Ȍƒ†ƒ›’‘‹–‘‡ŽŽ‹’•‡
‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ

‡‡”ƒŽ‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ŽŽ‹’•‡  ̵
šʹ › ʹ
 ͳ
ƒʹ „ʹ Ϊ̵α ‘•–ƒ–
Kepler's 2 law (Law of Areas)
nd

Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰ƒ›’Žƒ‡––‘–Š‡—•™‡‡’•‘—–‡“—ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•‘ˆ–‹‡ǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ

[Link] [ 173 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

”
†T

 
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
ͳ
”‡ƒα ȋ„ƒ•‡ȌȋŠ‡‹‰Š–Ȍ
ʹ
ͳ ͳ
†α ȋ”†TȌȋ”Ȍα ”ʹ†T
ʹ ʹ ˜ †T
‘ǡƒ”‡ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋƒ”‡ƒ’‡”—‹––‹‡Ȍ
† ͳ ʹ †T ͳ ʹ ͳ ”
” ”Z ”˜
†– ʹ †– ʹ ʹ ”
† ͳ ʹ ͳ
Z” ”˜
†– ʹ ʹ
”‡ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ ”†T
α,Z ᏔʹZ α˜”
‡”‡, Ꮤʹȋ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•‘‡–‘ˆ‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ„‘—–•—Ȍ
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–about the Sun α˜”
•ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‘’Žƒ‡–„›–Š‡—’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š—‹–•‡Žˆǡ
‘”“—‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽ‹•œ‡”‘about the Sunǡ
‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ„‘—––Š‡—‹• ‘•–ƒ–
α˜”ȋ ‘•–ƒ–Ȍ
  ͳ ͳ † ˜ƒ
α˜”Ÿ ˜”Ÿ ˜”α
 ʹ ʹ ʹ †– ”’ ”ƒ
r × v = constant
ȋ‡”‹Š‡Ž‹‘Ȍ ȋ’Š‡Ž‹‘Ȍ
˜ ƒ ”’ ”‹
˜ƒ”ƒ α˜’”’ Ÿ ˜’
˜ ’ ”ƒ ”ƒš
Conclusion
–‹‹—†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘—ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•ƒš‹—Ǥ
–ƒš‹—†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘—ǡ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•‹‹—Ǥ
Illustration 38
•
•ƒŽŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‹‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†ƒ”–Šƒ••Š‘™Ǥ ˆ
‹•–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‹–•ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‡–”‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ†  ‹• –Š‡ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰›Ǥ Š‡ ‘’ƒ”‡ –Š‡
ʹ ͳ
‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰‹‡•‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ƒ–’‘•‹–‹‘ͳƒ†ʹǣ 
Solution:
•–‘”“—‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽ‹•œ‡”‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡•—Ǥ‘
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ„‘—––Š‡•—‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
Ÿ ͳ αʹ Ÿ ˜ͳ”ͳ α˜ʹ”ʹ Ÿ ˜ͳ”ͳ α˜ʹ”ʹ Ÿ ”ͳ ε”ʹ
˜ ʹ”ʹ
Ÿ ˜ͳ
”ͳ
Ÿ ˜ʹ ε˜ͳ
ͳ ͳ
Ÿ ˜ ʹʹ ! ˜ ͳʹ Ÿ ʹ εͳ
ʹ ʹ
[ 174 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 39
’Žƒ‡–”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡•—‹‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–ǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–‹•ͶǤͲέͳͲͳ͸ ʹȀ•ǤŠ‡Ž‡ƒ•–
†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡’Žƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡•—‹•ʹέͳͲͳʹǤŠ‡–Š‡ƒš‹—•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–‹Ȁ•‹•ǣ
Solution:
† ”ʹZ
‹• ‘•–ƒ–
†– ʹ
† ʹ
”ƒš Z‹ ʹ
”‹ Zƒš ʹ† Ȁ †–
Ÿ Zƒš ʹ
†– ʹ ʹ ”‹

ʹ† Ȁ †– ʹu Ͷ u ͳͲͳ͸
Ÿ ˜ƒš αZƒš ”‹ α α α ͶͲȀ•‡
”‹ ʹu ͳͲͳʹ
Kepler's 3rd law
Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆƒ›’Žƒ‡–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡—‹•
†‹”‡ –Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ —„‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‹ǦƒŒ‘”ƒš‹•‘ˆ‹–•‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ
”‹ ”ƒš
‘”„‹–Ǥ
ʹ v ƒ͵
ƒǣƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–ˆ”‘—
”ƒš  ”‹
ƒ
ʹ
͵”† Žƒ™ ƒ „‡ †‡”‹˜‡† ƒ••—‹‰ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹– ‘ˆ ’Žƒ‡– ƒ”‘—† — ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡•
‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘–‘’Žƒ‡–ˆ‘” ‹” —Žƒ”‘–‹‘ 
• ’
’ ȋZʹȌ Z
ʹ

• ’
•
Zʹ
͵
ʹ
• § ʹS ·
͵ ¨  ¸
© ¹
• ͶSʹ ͶSʹ ͵
Ÿ ʹ 
͵  ʹ
•

Satellite Motion
Ž‹‰Š–„‘†›”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰”‘—†ƒŠ‡ƒ˜‹‡”’Žƒ‡–†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ––”ƒ –‹‘ǡ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡Ǥ‘‘‹•ƒ
ƒ–—”ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ
Satellite

ƒ–—”ƒŽƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡

ȋ‡‰Ǥ‘‘”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ”‘—†‡ƒ”–ŠȌ

‘Žƒ”ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‡‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡

[Link] [ 175 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Essential conditions for satellite motion
x Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡̵•‘”„‹–•Š‘—Ž† ‘‹ ‹†‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ
x Žƒ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”„‹–‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•Š‘—Ž†’ƒ••–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ
 α ‰ ‘•T

 
T
‰
ȋ‹Ȍ ȋ‹‹Ȍ 
 ‰ •‹T   α ‰

•–ƒ„Ž‡‘”„‹– –ƒ„Ž‡‘”„‹–
ȋ—‡–‘ ‰ •‹Tǡ‘”„‹–™‹ŽŽ•Š‹ˆ–Ȍ

x –ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Šƒ–ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ƒ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‘Ž›‹–Š‘•‡ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–•™Š‘•‡ ‡–”‡•

‘‹ ‹†‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ‹” Ž‡•†”ƒ™‘‰Ž‘„‡™‹–Š ‡–”‡• ‘‹ ‹†‡–™‹–Š‡ƒ”–Šƒ”‡
‘™ƒ•̵‰”‡ƒ– ‹” Ž‡•̵ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠƒŽ‘‰ ‹” Ž‡• ‘ ‡–”‹ 
™‹–Š‰”‡ƒ– ‹” Ž‡•Ǥ
Orbital Velocity (Vo)
• ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„› ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽ‘ˆƒ”–Šǡ
‡  ˜ ʹ‘
”ʹ ” 

˜ ʹ‘ ‡
‡
”
”
‡
˜‘
”
‘”‡ƒ”ƒ”–Š—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡
| ‡
‡
˜‘ α | ͺǤͳȀ•
‡
Illustration 40
ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡‘”„‹–‹‰ƒ”‘—†–Š‡ƒ”–Š‹‘”„‹–•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ–‹‘ͳǣͶǡˆ‹†”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‘”„‹–ƒŽ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•Ǥ
Solution:
ͳ
Ÿ ˜v ‹˜‡
”
˜ͳ ”ʹ Ͷ ʹ ”ͳ ͳ
Ÿ Ÿ
˜ʹ ”ͳ ͳ ͳ ”ʹ Ͷ
Time period of orbital motion GM e
vo
†‹•–ƒ ‡ ʹS” r

•’‡‡† ˜‘
ʹS”
 Ÿ ʹ v ”͵ ”
‡
”
‘”‡ƒ”ƒ”–Š—”ˆƒ ‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ǡ ”| ‡
͵‡
 ʹS | ͺͶ‹
‡

[ 176 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Illustration 41
Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ ‹•‘Ǥ ‹†–‹‡’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆƒ‘–Š‡”•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹ƒ
‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ͷ‘Ǥ
Solution:
 ͵‘
Ͳ αʹS
‡

ȋͶ ‘ Ȍ͵ ͸Ͷ ͵‘
Š‡̵αͶ‘ Ÿ ̵αʹS αʹS
‡ ‡

§  ͵‘ ·
̵αͺ ¨ ʹS ¸ Ÿ ̵αͺ‘
¨ ‡ ¸
© ¹
ͳ
Note:  ƒ•‡ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘” ‡‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– v
”
ͳ 
–Š‡ǡ ‘”„‹–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ ‘ v ” ʹ

ͳ 
ƒ†‹‡’‡”‹‘†  v ” ʹ

Satellite motion - Energy Analysis

Kinetic energy of satellite
ͳ
—‡–‘‘–‹‘‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ǡ  ˜ ʹ‘
ʹ
‡
˜‘
”
‡ 
? 
ʹ”
Potential energy of satellite
—‡–‘’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡
‡  
 
” 
‘–ƒŽ‡”‰›α‹‡–‹ ‡”‰›Ϊ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡”‰› 
 ”
‡   
 
ʹ” 
‡  ‡  ‡  
    
ʹ” ʹ” ”

  
ʹ
•–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ‹–‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ•„‘—†‡†•›•–‡
Binding energy
‹‹—‡‡”‰›”‡“—‹”‡†–‘„”‡ƒƒ„‘—†‡†•›•–‡Ǥ
Ÿ ΪαͲ Ÿ αȂ
‡ 
Ÿ αȁȁ Ÿ 
ʹ”

[Link] [ 177 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 42
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–”‡•–‘ƒ”–Šǡ‹•Žƒ— Š‡†‹–‘ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•
‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ‡”‰›”‡“—‹”‡†–‘†‘•‘‹•Ȃ
Solution:
Šα
‡ ‡••ƒ”› ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†„›‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
˜ ʹ  
Ÿ Ÿ ˜ 
ʹ ȋʹȌʹ ʹ ˜
‘™„› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ Š
‹ Ϊ‹ αˆ Ϊˆ
ʹ
 ͳ §  · §  · ǡ
‹ ΪȂ ¨ ¸  
 ʹ ¨© ʹ ¸¹ ¨© ʹ ¸¹
ͳ   
‹ α   
ʹ ʹ  ʹ
  ͵  
‹ α  ‰ Ÿ α‰ʹ
Ͷ ʹ Ͷ  ʹ
͵
‹ ‰
Ͷ
‡  ‡  ‡ 
Note: αȂ αȂ α
ʹ” ” ʹ”
‡
˜‘ v ͵Ȁʹ
”
‘ǡ ˆ ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‘”„‹–‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ǡ
Ȉ ™‹ŽŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ Ȉ ™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ Ȉ ™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡
Ȉ ”„‹–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ Ȉ ‹‡’‡”‹‘†™‹ŽŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡
Work done to shift orbit of satellite
‡š– α' ”ʹ
‡š– αˆ Ȃ ‹
§ ‡  · § ‡ · ‡  ‡  ”ͳ
‡š– α ¨  ¸¨ ¸ αȂ 
© ʹ”ʹ ¹ © ʹ”ͳ ¹ ʹ”ʹ ʹ”ͳ

‡  § ͳ ͳ ·
‡š– α ¨  ¸
ʹ © ”ͳ ”ʹ ¹
Essential conditions for satellite motion –
Ȉ ‡–”‡‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡̵•‘”„‹– ‘‹ ‹†‡™‹–Š ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ
Ȉ Žƒ‡‘ˆ‘”„‹–‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ”–ŠǤ
There are two stable orbits for a satellite
Ȉ “—ƒ–‘”‹ƒŽ‘”„‹–
Ȉ ‘Žƒ”‘”„‹–
›•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ƒ•‡ƒ”–‘‡“—ƒ–‘”ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡ƒ•Ǧ
Ȉ ‰‹•‹‹—‡ƒ”‡“—ƒ–‘”ǡŽ‡••‡”ˆ—‡Ž
Ȉ ƒ•‹‡”–‘•‡––Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹ƒ›‘”„‹–

[ 178 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
Polar satellite
Ȉ –”‘–ƒ–‡•‹‘Žƒ”’Žƒ‡Ǥ
Ȉ –•Š‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‘ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ͷͲͲ̱͸ͲͲǤ
Ȉ –•–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‹•ͳͲͲ‹Ǥ
Ȉ •‡†ˆ‘”™‡ƒ–Š‡”†ƒ–ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘
Note: ›•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡‹ƒ ‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆˆ”‡‡Ž›ˆƒŽŽ‹‰‘ƒ”–ŠǤȋƒ•‘Ž›ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘‹–‹•ˆ‘” ‡
‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–›ȌǤ ‡ ‡ǡƒ’’ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒ›‘„Œ‡ –‹ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-4
1. Š‡‡ƒ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵•‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡•—‹•ͳǤͷu ͳͲͳͳ ǤŠ‡‡ƒ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”„‹–
‘ˆ‡” —”›ƒ”‘—†–Š‡•—‹•͸u ͳͲͳͲ ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡›‡ƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡‡” —”›Ǥ
PGR171
2. ˆ‡ƒ”–Š†‡• ”‹„‡•ƒ‘”„‹–”‘—†–Š‡•—‘ˆ†‘—„Ž‡‹–•’”‡•‡–”ƒ†‹—•ǡ™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡›‡ƒ”‘
‡ƒ”–Šǫ
PGR172
3. ˆ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ™‡”‡ –‘ ˜ƒ”› ‹˜‡”•‡Ž› ƒ•  ’‘™‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ –‹‡
–Š

’‡”‹‘†‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ƒ”‘—†–Š‡—™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ
ȋȌ”Ȃ͵Ȁʹ ȋȌ”͵Ȁʹ ȋȌ”ΪͳȀʹ ȋȌ”ȋΪͳȌȀʹ
PGR173
4. ’Žƒ‡–‹•”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ”‘—†–Š‡—‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–Ǥ –• Ž‘•‡•–†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹•
”‹ǤŠ‡ˆƒ”–Š‡•–†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹•”ƒšǤ ˆ–Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–™Š‡
‹–‹•‡ƒ”‡•––‘–Š‡—‹•Zǡ–Š‡–Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–™Š‡‹–‹•ƒ––Š‡ˆƒ”–Š‡•–
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡—‹•ǣȂ
ʹ ʹ
§ ” · § ” · §” · §” ·
ȋȌ ¨ ‹
¨ ” ¸¸ Z ȋȌ ¨ ƒš
¨ ” ¸¸ Z ȋȌ ¨ ƒš ¸ Z ȋȌ ¨ ‹ ¸ Z
© ƒš ¹ © ‹ ¹ © ”‹ ¹ © ”ƒš ¹
PGR174
5Ǥ Š‡ –‹‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ‘‘ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ʹͺ †ƒ›• ƒ†”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‹–• ‘”„‹–‹•
ͶέͳͲͷ Ǥ ˆ α͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͳ ʹȀ‰ʹ –Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
PGR175
6. ‡––Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–ƒ––Š‡’‡”‹Š‡Ž‹‘‹ ‹‰Ǥ„‡˜ ƒ†–Š‡—Ǧ’Žƒ‡–†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡”Ǥ
‡Žƒ–‡ȋ”ǡ˜Ȍ–‘–Š‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•ƒ––Š‡ƒ’Š‡Ž‹‘ȋ”ǡ˜ȌǤ‹ŽŽ–Š‡’Žƒ‡––ƒ‡‡“—ƒŽ
–‹‡•–‘–”ƒ˜‡”•‡ƒ†ǫ


 ʹ„
̵ 


ʹƒ
PGR176

[Link] [ 179 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
7.  ‘‡– ‘”„‹–• –Š‡ •—‹ ƒ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ ‘”„‹–Ǥ ‘‡• –Š‡ ‘‡– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ȋƒȌ Ž‹‡ƒ”
•’‡‡†ǡ ȋ„Ȍ ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†ǡ ȋ Ȍ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–—ǡȋ†Ȍ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰›ǡ ȋ‡Ȍ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ȋˆȌ
–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–‹–•‘”„‹–ǫ‡‰Ž‡ –ƒ›ƒ••Ž‘••‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‡–™Š‡‹– ‘‡•˜‡”› Ž‘•‡
–‘–Š‡—Ǥ
PGR177
8. •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘˜‡•‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‹•‘”„‹–‹•‘‡ŠƒŽˆ–Šƒ–‘ˆ
–Š‡‘‘̵•‘”„‹–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–‹‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡•‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ
PGR178
9. •ƒŽŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•”‘—†ƒ’Žƒ‡–‹ƒ‘”„‹–Œ—•–ƒ„‘˜‡’Žƒ‡–̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥƒ‹‰–Š‡‡ƒ
†‡•‹–›‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ•Uǡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡Ǥ
PGR179
10. ™‘ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•  ƒ† ǡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆƒ••‡• ͵ ǣͳ ƒ”‡ ‹ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹–• ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ” ƒ† Ͷ”Ǥ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰‹‡•‘ˆ–‘Ǥ
PGR180
11. •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘”„‹–•–Š‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͶͲͲ ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‘™— Š‡‡”‰›—•– „‡
‡š’‡†‡†–‘”‘ ‡––Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ǫƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡
αʹͲͲ‰Ǣƒ••‘ˆƒ”–Šα͸ǤͲέͳͲʹͶ ‰Ǣ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–Šα͸ǤͶέͳͲ͸ Ǣ α͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͳ ǦʹȀ‰ʹǤ
PGR181
12. ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘”„‹–‹‰–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹˜‡”›–Š‹ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ž‘•‡•‹–•‡‡”‰›‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›†—‡
–‘•ƒŽŽ„—– ‘–‹—‘—•†‹••‹’ƒ–‹‘ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡‡š’Žƒ‹™Š›‹–••’‡‡†
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›ƒ•‹– ‘‡• Ž‘•‡”ƒ† Ž‘•‡”–‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
PGR182
13. ‘”ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›–‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
‡‡”‰›ǫ
PGR183
14. ‘„Œ‡ –™‡‹‰Š•ͳͲƒ––Š‡‘”–Š’‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ƒ‰‡‘•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡†‹•–ƒ–͹ˆ”‘
–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–Šȋ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ȍǡ–Š‡–”—‡™‡‹‰Š–ƒ†–Š‡ƒ’’ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–ƒ”‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǣ Ǧ
ȋȌͲǡͲ ȋȌͲǤʹǡͲ ȋȌͲǤʹǡͻǤͺ ȋȌͲǤʹǡͲǤʹ
PGR184
15. Šƒ–‹•–Š‡‹‹—‡‡”‰›”‡“—‹”‡†–‘Žƒ— Š –‘Žƒ— Šƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆƒ••ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ–ƒƒŽ–‹–—†‡‘ˆʹǫ
PGR185

[ 180 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWER KEY

BEGINNER'S BOX-1
ʹ
1. ‡”‘ 2. ͵ 3. ȋȌ
ƒʹ
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
1. ǡ 2. ȋȌ 3. ȋȌ 4. ȋȌ
5. ͵ʹ 6. ͲǤͷΨ 7. ͶǤͶͶȀ•ʹ 8. Šαα͸ͶͲͲ
9. ͷͲ 10. ͳͻʹͲ
‰

͵
11. †α  12.
Ͷ
  ”
BEGINNER'S BOX-3

ͳ §”·
1. ‰ 2. αͲ ΪŽ‘‰ ¨ ¸ 3. ȂʹʹͲͲέ͸Ǥ͸͹έͳͲȂͳͳ Ȁ‰
ʹ © ”Ͳ ¹
4. ȋȌ 5. ȋȌ 6. ȋȌ 7. ȋȌ

͵ ʹ
8.  
ʹ
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
͵Ȁʹ
§ʹ·
1. ¨ͷ¸ ›‡ƒ”• 2. ʹ ʹ ›‡ƒ”• 3. ȋȌ 4. ȋȌ
© ¹
5. ͸ǤͶ͹έͳͲʹͶ ‰
6. ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—α ” ˜ Ꮰ” ˜
˜ ”
? ? ‹ ‡” ε”ǡ ˜ ε˜Ǥ
˜ ”
Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—†‡†„›–Š‡‡ŽŽ‹’•‡ƒ†–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•˜‡ –‘”•ƒ†‹•Žƒ”‰‡”–Šƒ‹ ‹‰Ǥ
”‘‡’Ž‡”̵••‡ ‘†Žƒ™ǡ‡“—ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ”‡•™‡’–‹‡“—ƒŽ–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•Ǥ ‡ ‡–Š‡’Žƒ‡–™‹ŽŽ–ƒ‡
ƒŽ‘‰‡”–‹‡–‘–”ƒ˜‡”•‡–ŠƒǤ
7. ŽŽ“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•˜ƒ”›‘˜‡”ƒ‘”„‹–‡š ‡’–ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—ƒ†–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
͵S ͳʹ
8. ͻǤ͹†ƒ›• 9. 10. 11. ͷǤͺͻέͳͲͻ
U ͳ
12. ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ„—–’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡•—†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•†—‡–‘†‹••‹’ƒ–‹‘
ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ˆ”‹ –‹‘Ǥ
ͳ ͷ 
13. Ȃ 14. ȋȌ 15.
ʹ ͸

[Link] [ 181 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - I
NEWTON'S LAW OF GRAVITATION & 6. ‘—” ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ǡ ʹǡ ͵ ƒ† Ͷ
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ƒ”‡‡’–‹•‡“—‡ ‡ƒ––Š‡ ‘”‡”•‘ˆƒ•“—ƒ”‡
1. ‡™–‘̵•Žƒ™‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ǣ ‘ˆ•‹†‡ƒǤŠ‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡
ȋͳȌ ‹•‘–ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•‘Žƒ”•›•–‡ ƒ –‹‰ ‘ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ’Žƒ ‡† ƒ– –Š‡
ȋʹȌ ‹•—•‡†–‘‰‘˜‡”–Š‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
‘Ž› ʹͶʹ ͸ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‘–”‘Ž–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ƒʹ ƒʹ
ƒ†’Žƒ‡–•
Ͷ ʹ ʹ
ȋͶȌ ‘–”‘Ž–Š‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –”‘• ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ‡”‘
ƒʹ
‹ƒ–‘•
PGR001 PGR006
2. ƒ••’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘ˆͳ‰‡ƒ Šƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒŽ‘‰ 7. Š‡–‹†ƒŽ™ƒ˜‡•‹–Š‡•‡ƒ•ƒ”‡’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›†—‡
šǦƒš‹•ƒ–šαͳǡʹǡͶǡͺǡ ǤǤǤǤǤf Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ǣ
ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ ƒ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ͵‰ ’Žƒ ‡† ƒ– ‘”‹‰‹ ‹• ȋͳȌŠ‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡•—‘–Š‡
ȋ ᗐ‹˜‡”•ƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–ȌǣǦ ‡ƒ”–Š
Ͷ ȋʹȌŠ‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡‘‘‘–Š‡
ȋͳȌͶ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍʹ ȋͶȌf
͵ ‡ƒ”–Š
PGR002 ȋ͵ȌŠ‡”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
3Ǥ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡–™‘ƒ••‡•ƒ–ƒ
ȋͶȌŠ‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹–•‡Žˆ
†‹•–ƒ ‡ ̵†̵ ƒ’ƒ”– ‹• ͸Ǥ ˆ –Š‡•‡ ƒ••‡• ƒ”‡
PGR007
–ƒ‡–‘‘‘ƒ†‡’–ƒ–•ƒ‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ
–Š‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡ǣ 8. —”‹‰–Š‡Œ‘—”‡›‘ˆ•’ƒ ‡•Š‹’ˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Š
ͳ –‘ ‘‘ ƒ† „ƒ ǡ –Š‡ ƒš‹— ˆ—‡Ž ‹•
ȋͳȌͳ ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ͵͸ ȋͶȌ͸ ‘•—‡†ǣǦ
͸
PGR003 ȋͳȌ ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹”‡–—”
4. Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ—‹˜‡”•ƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ– Œ‘—”‡›
†‡’‡†•—’‘ǣ ȋʹȌ ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹‘™ƒ”†
ȋͳȌƒ–—”‡‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡• Œ‘—”‡›
ȋʹȌ ‡ƒ– ‘•–ƒ–‘ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡• ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘‘ ™Š‹Ž‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡•
”‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‡‘‘
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
ȋͶȌ ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
PGR004
PGR008
5Ǥ Š”‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ „‘†‹‡• ȋ‡ƒ Š ƒ•• Ȍ ƒ”‡
’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ 9. ˆ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‡–”‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š
ƒ”ǡ‡‡’‹‰–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ••— Š„›™Š‹ Š ƒ†‘‘‹•ƒ†ƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ͺͳ–‹‡•
ƒ‰—Žƒ”•’‡‡†–Š‡„‘†‹‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡”‘–ƒ–‡†‹ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ ‘‘Ǥ – ™Šƒ– †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
–Š‡‹” ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†• •‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†™‹ŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘ǣ
‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ǣ  ʹ
͵  
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ʹ ͵
͵ ͵
Ͷ ͻ
  ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ͵ ͷ ͳͲ
͵͵ ͵
PGR009
PGR005

[ 182 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
10.  ‡ƒ”–Š̵• •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” 12. —’’‘•‡–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ––Š‡
‘”„‹– ™‹–Š ƒ —‹ˆ‘” •’‡‡† ˜Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ͳͲȀ•ʹ ƒ†ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š •—††‡Ž› ƒ”• ‹– ‹• ͶǤͲ Ȁ•ʹǤ  ͸Ͳ‰ ’ƒ••‡‰‡” ‰‘‡•
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š –‘ –Š‡ ƒ”• ‹ ƒ •’ƒ ‡•Š‹’
†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡™‹ŽŽǣǦ
‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ ‡‰Ž‡ – ƒŽŽ
ȋͳȌ˜ƒ‹•Š‹–‘‘—–‡”•’ƒ ‡ ‘–Š‡”‘„Œ‡ –•‹–Š‡•›ǤŠ‹ Š’ƒ”–‘ˆˆ‹‰—”‡
ȋʹȌ ‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‘˜‡ ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ ‹ „‡•– ”‡’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ȋ‡–‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‘”„‹– ˆ‘” ‡Ȍ‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ••‡‰‡”ƒ•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–‹‡ǣ
ȋ͵ȌˆƒŽŽ†‘™™‹–Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‡‹‰Š–ȋȌ
͸ͲͲ
ȋͶȌ ˆŽ› ‘ˆˆ –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘”„‹– ™‹–Š
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›˜ 
ͶͲͲ

PGR010 ʹͶͲ
ʹͲͲ 
11Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ —”˜‡ •Š‘™• –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
‹–‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ȋ Ȍ ™‹–Š  ‹‡
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ
ȋͶȌ
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ȋ”Ȍǣ
PGR012
13. ••—‡ –Šƒ– ƒ –—‡Ž ‹• †—‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ‡ƒ”–Š
ˆ”‘ ‘”–Š ’‘Ž‡ –‘ •‘—–Š ’‘Ž‡ ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‡
 ”
ȋͳȌ  ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ƒ ‘Ǧ”‘–ƒ–‹‰ǡ —‹ˆ‘” •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ
†‡•‹–›UǤŠ‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡
‘ˆ ƒ••  †”‘’’‡† ‹–‘ –Š‡ –—‡Ž ™Š‡ ‹–
”‡ƒ Š‡•ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•
ȋͳȌ §¨ ͵  U ·¸ ” ȋʹȌ §¨ ͶS  U ·¸ ”
© ͶS ¹ © ͵ ¹
ȋʹȌ 
 ” ȋ͵Ȍ §¨ ͶS  U ·¸ ”ʹ ȋͶȌ §¨ ͶS ʹ U ·¸ ”
© ͵ ¹ © ͵ ¹
PGR013
14. ƒ”•Šƒ•ƒ†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͲǤͷ‘ˆ
–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡƒ†ƒ••‘ˆͲǤͳ‘ˆ–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† •–”‡‰–Š ‘
 ” ƒ”•ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Šƒ–‘‡ƒ”–Š‹•ƒˆƒ –‘”
ȋ͵Ȍ 
‘ˆȂ
ȋͳȌͲǤͳ ȋʹȌͲǤʹ ȋ͵ȌʹǤͲ ȋͶȌ ͲǤͶ
PGR014
15. Š”‡‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•‘ˆͳ‰‡ƒ Šƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–
–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ‡“—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†
ƒƒ••‘ˆʹ‰‹•’Žƒ ‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‘‹†‘ˆ
ȋͶȌ  ” –Š‡ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ʹ 

ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǤŠ‡
ˆ‘” ‡ǡ‹‡™–‘ǡƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆʹ‰‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌ ʹ ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌœ‡”‘
PGR011
PGR015

[Link] [ 183 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
16. ‡ ƒ‡ƒ•‹Ž›Dz™‡‹‰Š–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šdz„› ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‰ 23. ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‘‘‘‹•ͳȀ͸–Š ‘ˆ–Šƒ–‘‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š—•‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒȋ‹—•—ƒŽ Š‡ ƒ „ƒŽŽ‘‘ ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š Š›†”‘‰‡ ‹•
‘–ƒ–‹‘Ȍ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†‘‘‘–Š‡ǡ–Š‹•ǣǦ
‰ ‰ ȋͳȌ ‹ŽŽ ”‹•‡ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡•• –Š‡
ȋͳȌ  ʹ ȋʹȌ  ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ   ȋͶȌ  ͵
‰ ‰ §‰·
PGR016 ¨͸¸
© ¹
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
§‰·
17Ǥ  ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ƒ– –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ȋʹȌ‹ŽŽ”‹•‡™‹–Šƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ¨ ¸
–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǣǦ ©͸¹
‰ ȋ͵Ȍ ‹ŽŽ ˆƒŽŽ †‘™ ™‹–Š ƒ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡••
ȋͳȌ‰ ȋʹȌ
ʹ § ͷ‰ ·
–Šƒ ¨ ¸
ȋ͵Ȍœ‡”‘ ȋͶȌ‹ˆ‹‹–‡ © ͸ ¹
PGR017 §‰·
18. Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵‰̵‘‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡†‡’‡†•ǣǦ ȋͶȌ‹ŽŽˆƒŽŽ†‘™™‹–Šƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ¨ ¸
©͸¹
ȋͳȌ‘Ž›ƒ‡ƒ”–Š̵••–”— –—”‡
PGR023
ȋʹȌ‘Ž›ƒ‡ƒ”–Š̵•”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ‘ƒ„‘˜‡„‘–Š 24Ǥ Š‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ‰ ƒ† ‡ƒ
ȋͶȌ‘‘‡–Š‡•‡ƒ†‹••ƒ‡ †‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠU ƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†„›™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡
PGR018 ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰”‡Žƒ–‹‘• ǫȏ ቔƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–
19Ǥ Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ̵‰̵”‡†— ‡•–‘ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ‹–•˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ– ƒ†α”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠȐǣ
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–̵Š̵ǡ–Š‡ǣǦ ͶS‰ ʹ ͶS‰ ͵
ȋͳȌ U ȋʹȌ U
ȋͳȌŠα ȋʹȌŠαʹ ͵ ͵
ȋ͵Ȍ Š ȋ ʹ  ͳȌ ȋͶȌ Š ȋ ʹ  ͳȌ ͵‰ ͵‰
ȋ͵Ȍ U ȋͶȌ U
PGR019 ͶS‰ ͶS‰ ͵
20Ǥ –•‘‡’Žƒ‡–̵‰̵‹•ͳǤͻ͸Ȁ•‡ ʹǤ ˆ‹–‹••ƒˆ‡ PGR024
–‘ Œ—’ ˆ”‘ ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ʹ ‘ ‡ƒ”–Šǡ –Š‡ 25Ǥ ‘”‡ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ •—‰ƒ” ‹• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ‹ ͳ‰
™Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰•ƒˆ‡Š‡‹‰Š–ˆ‘” ™‡‹‰Š–ǣ
Œ—’‹‰‘–Šƒ–’Žƒ‡–ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ–‘”–Š’‘Ž‡
ȋͳȌͷ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ȋͶȌʹͲ
ȋʹȌ–‡“—ƒ–‘”
PGR020
ȋ͵Ȍ‡–™‡‡’‘Ž‡ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‘”
21Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š•–‘’•”‘–ƒ–‹‰•—††‡Ž›ǡ –Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡
‘ˆ‰ƒ–ƒ’Žƒ ‡‘–Š‡”–Šƒ’‘Ž‡•™‘—Ž†ǣǦ ȋͶȌ–‘—–Š’‘Ž‡
ȋͳȌ ‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ PGR025
ȋʹȌ ‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ– 26Ǥ Š‡ ›‘— ‘˜‡ ˆ”‘ ‡“—ƒ–‘” –‘ ’‘Ž‡ǡ –Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ  ”‡ƒ•‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ȋ‰ȌǣǦ
ȋͶȌ  ”‡ƒ•‡ ‘” †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹–Š‡‘”„‹–”‘—†–Š‡•— ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
PGR021 ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡
22. ‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ†ƒ••‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹•†‘—„Ž‡–Šƒ– ȋͶȌˆ‹”•–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
‡ƒ”–ŠǤ Š‡ –‹‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ƒ ’‡†—Ž— ƒ– PGR026
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–‹•Š‘™— Š–‹‡•‘ˆ–‹‡ 27Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ”‡†— ‡† „› ͳΨ
’‡”‹‘†ƒ–‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡ǣǦ ™‹–Š‘—– Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ••ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡
ͳ
ȋͳȌ –‹‡• ȋʹȌ ʹ –‹‡• ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›™‹ŽŽ
ʹ
ȋͳȌ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ʹΨ ȋʹȌ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳǤͷΨ
ȋ͵Ȍ“—ƒŽ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳΨ ȋͶȌ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳΨ
PGR022
PGR027

[ 184 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
28Ǥ ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒ„‘†›‘ˆƒ••†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•„›ͳΨ 34. „‘†›™‡‹‰Š•‡™–‘ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
™Š‡‹–‹•”ƒ‹•‡†–‘Š‡‹‰Š–Šƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵• ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ –•™‡‹‰Š–ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘ŠƒŽˆ–Š‡
•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹•–ƒ‡–‘ƒ†‡’–ŠŠ‹ƒ ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
‹‡ǡ–Š‡‹‹–•™‡‹‰Š–™‹ŽŽ  ʹ Ͷ 
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͲǤͷΨ ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ʹΨ ʹ ͵ ͻ Ͷ
ȋ͵Ȍ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͲǤͷΨ ȋͶȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›ͳΨ PGR034
PGR028 35. Š‡ ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”› ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š
29Ǥ  ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ–‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘
‹• ̵‰̵ Ȁ•ʹǤ ‹† –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ––Š‡‡“—ƒ–‘”•ŠƒŽŽ„‡œ‡”‘‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ȋͳȌͳǤʹͷέͳͲȂ͵ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋʹȌʹǤͷͲέͳͲȂ͵”ƒ†Ȁ•
͵ʹˆ”‘•‡ƒŽ‡˜‡Žǣȋ‡ α͸ͶͲͲȌ ȋ͵Ȍ͵Ǥ͹ͷέͳͲȂ͵ ”ƒ†Ȁ• ȋͶȌͷǤͲέͳͲȂ͵ ”ƒ†Ȁ•
ȋͳȌͲǤͷ‰Ȁ•ʹ ȋʹȌͲǤͻͻ‰Ȁ•ʹ ȏƒ‡‰αͳͲȀ•ʹ ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘
ȋ͵ȌͳǤͲͳ‰Ȁ•ʹ ȋͶȌͲǤͻͲ‰Ȁ•ʹ ‰”ƒ˜‹–›‹ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™‡”‡ƒ–”‡•–ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ
PGR029 ‡ƒ”–Š‡“—ƒŽ–‘͸ͶͲͲǤȐ
30Ǥ Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‘ ‹• ͳΨ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ PGR035
‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—ŽŽ‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY &
‘‘‘–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ‘‘‘‡ƒ”–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
POTENTIAL
ȋͳȌͳǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣͳͲ ȋ͵ȌͳǣͳͲͲ ȋͶȌʹǣͳ
36. ™‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘•ƒ‡
PGR030
Š‡‹‰Š–•Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡•‡ Œ—•– •–”‹‡ –Š‡ ‰”‘—†ǡ
31. ƒ‰‹‡ƒ‡™’Žƒ‡–Šƒ˜‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡†‡•‹–›
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹••ƒ‡ǣ
ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š„—–‹–•”ƒ†‹—•‹•͵–‹‡•„‹‰‰‡”
ȋͳȌ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ȋʹȌ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
–Šƒ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•‹œ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡
ȋ͵ȌŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–— ȋͶȌƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•‰ƒ†–Šƒ–
PGR036
‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡™’Žƒ‡–‹•‰̵ǡ–Š‡ǣ
37. Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ —”˜‡ ‡š’”‡••‡• –Š‡
ȋͳȌ‰̵α͵‰ ȋʹȌ‰̵α‰Ȁͻ
˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ™‹–Š
ȋ͵Ȍ‰̵αͻ‰ ȋͶȌ‰̵αʹ͹‰
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ‘”ƒŠ‘ŽŽ‘™•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ǣ
PGR031

32. Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ ̵‰̵ ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š–̵Š̵ ȋͳȌ
ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹••ƒ‡ƒ•ƒ–ƒ 

†‡’–Š̵†̵Ǥ ˆ̵†̵ƒ†̵Š̵ƒ”‡— Š•ƒŽŽ‡”–Šƒ ”

–Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Šǡ –Š‡ ™Š‹ Š ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ”
ȋʹȌ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹• ‘””‡ –ǫ

ȋͳȌ†αŠ ȋʹȌ†αʹŠ
͵Š  ”
ȋ͵Ȍ†α ȋͶȌ†αŠȀʹ
ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ
PGR032 
33. ˆ –Š‡ ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†
–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆƒ„‘†›ƒ––Š‡‡“—ƒ–‘” 
ȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•  ”
ȋ͵Ȍ„‡ ‘‡•†‘—„Ž‡ ȋͶȌ†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡•
PGR033 PGR037

[Link] [ 185 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
38. ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ 43Ǥ Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ„‘†›
•—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ’Žƒ‡– ƒ† ƒ ’‘‹– •‹–—ƒ–‡† ƒ– ƒ ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•
Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ʹͲ ƒ„‘˜‡ ‹–• •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‹• ʹ Ȁ‰Ǥ ˆ ǤŠ‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ––Šƒ–’‘‹–‹•ǣ
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‹• —‹ˆ‘”ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ™‘”  
ȋͳȌ ʹ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ” ȋͶȌ”ʹ
†‘‡‹–ƒ‹‰ƒͷ‰„‘†›—’–‘Š‡‹‰Š–Ͷ‡–‡” ” ”
ƒ„‘˜‡•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ PGR043
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌʹͲ ȋ͵ȌͶͲ ȋͶȌͳͲ 44Ǥ  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘ ‹ˆ‹‹–› –‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ –•
PGR038 ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ǣ
39Ǥ ˆ‡ ‹•–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ† ‹•–Š‡ƒ•• ȋͳȌʹ‰ ȋʹȌ‰
‘ˆ‘‘ȋ‡ αͺͳȌǤŠ‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ ȋͶȌ ʹ‰
ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ•••‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡ PGR044
ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ†”ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡ 45. ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•–Š”‘™˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›—’
‘ˆ‘‘ǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ ™‹–Šƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› Q ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ
§  · § ͺͳ ͳ · ‡ƒ”–Šȋƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠαȌǤ ˆ‹– ‘‡•–‘”‡•–
ȋͳȌ   ¨  ” ¸ ȋʹȌ  ‡ ¨  ¸
© ͺͳ ¹ © ” ¹ ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– Šǡ –Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ ‹–• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
‡‡”‰›‹•
ȋ͵Ȍ   §¨ ͺͳ  ͳ ·¸ ȋͶȌ  §¨ ͺͳ  ͳ ·¸ ȋͳȌ ŠȀȋΪŠȌ ȋʹȌ ŠʹȀȋΪŠȌʹ
©  ”¹ © ” ¹
ȋ͵Ȍ ŠȀȋΪŠȌ ȋͶȌ ȀŠȋڊȌ
PGR039
PGR045
40Ǥ Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹•ƒš‹—
46. ™‘•ƒŽŽƒ†Š‡ƒ˜›•’Š‡”‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆƒ••ǡ
ƒ–ǣ
ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡”ƒ’ƒ”–‘ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
ȋͳȌ‹ˆ‹‹–›
•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ– –Š‡
ȋʹȌ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡
‹†Ǧ’‘‹–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋ͵ȌŠ‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
•’Š‡”‡•‹•ǣǦ
ȋͶȌ™‹ ‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š 
PGR040 ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ȋʹȌ 
”
41Ǥ ‹••‹Ž‡‹•Žƒ— Š‡†™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ž‡••–Šƒ
ʹ  Ͷ 
–Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ—‘ˆ‹–•‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ 
” ”
ƒ†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹•ǣǦ PGR046
ȋͳȌ ‘•‹–‹˜‡ 47. ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–
ȋʹȌ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠŠƒ•ƒ–‘–ƒŽȋ‹‡–‹ Ϊ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ ƒ› „‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘” ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‡‡”‰›ͲǤ –•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹•ǣǦ
—’‘‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ȋͳȌȂͲ ȋʹȌͲ
ȋͶȌ ‡”‘ ȋ͵ȌȂʹͲ ȋͶȌʹͲ
PGR041 PGR047
42Ǥ „‘†›ƒ––ƒ‹•ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ 48. ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘ˆƒ••‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™Š‡’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Š̵•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‹” Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—•  —†‡” ƒ ‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡
Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘†› ™‹–Š ™Š‹ Š ‹– ™ƒ• 
‡“—ƒŽ–‘  ʹ ȋα ‘•–ƒ–ȌǤŠ‡–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
’”‘Œ‡ –‡†‹•ǣ ”
 ʹ  ‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ƒ– ˜‡”› Žƒ”‰‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ‹•
 
œ‡”‘Ȍ
ͷ  ͵ 
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ    
Ͷ   ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ 
  ʹ ʹ
PGR042
PGR048

[ 186 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
ESCAPE VELOCITY PLANETARY MOTION & WEIGHTLESSNESS
49Ǥ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ͵‰„‘†›ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ 55Ǥ ‹†‹‰‡‡”‰›‘ˆ‘‘ƒ†‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǣǦ
‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹•Ȃ ͷͶ ǡ–Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ ‡   ‡  
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
„‡ǣ ”‡ ʹ”‡
ȋͳȌͳͺȀ• ȋʹȌͳ͸ʹȀ• ‡   ‡  
ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ 
ȋ͵Ȍ͵͸Ȁ• ȋͶȌ͸Ȁ• ”‡ ʹ”‡
PGR049 PGR055
50Ǥ • ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒͳ‰„‘†› ‘ ƒ ’Žƒ‡–‹• 56Ǥ ™‘ ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•  ƒ†  ƒ”‡ ƒ– ƒ
ͳͲͲ Ȁ•Ǥ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ „‘†› ƒ– –Šƒ– †‹•–ƒ ‡” ƒ†” ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ˆ
’Žƒ‡–‹•ǣ –Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǡ–Š‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”
ȋͳȌȂͷͲͲͲ ȋʹȌȂͳͲͲͲ •’‡‡†™‹ŽŽ „‡ǣǦ
ͳȀʹ ʹ
ȋ͵ȌȂʹͶͲͲ ȋͶȌȂͳͲͲͲͲ § ”  · § ”  ·
ȋͳȌ ¨  ¸ ȋʹȌ ¨  ¸
PGR050 © ”   ¹ © ”   ¹
51Ǥ Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆ–™‘•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•‹•’ƒ†–Š‡ ʹ ͳȀʹ
§” · §” ·
”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›‹•“Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ ¨  ¸ ȋͶȌ ¨  ¸
Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ © ” ¹ © ” ¹
ͳȀʹ ͳȀʹ PGR056
§“· §’· 57. Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ”ƒ†‹‹ ‘ˆ ‘”„‹–• ‘ˆ ‡” —”› ƒ†
ȋͳȌ ¨ ¸ ȋʹȌ ¨ ¸
©’¹ ©“¹ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ •— ƒ”‡ ͸ έ ͳͲ͹  ƒ†
ȋ͵Ȍ’“ ȋͶȌ ’“ ͳǤͷ έͳͲͺ  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡‹”
‘”„‹–ƒŽ•’‡‡†•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
PGR051
ȋͳȌ ͷ ǣ ʹ ȋʹȌ ʹ ǣ ͷ
52Ǥ • ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹•
ȋ͵ȌʹǤͷǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣʹͷ
ͳͳǤʹ Ȁ•Ǥ • ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ ™Š‡ –Š”‘™ ƒ–
PGR057
ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆͶͷιˆ”‘Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ 58Ǥ  „‘†› ‹• †”‘’’‡† „› ƒ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹ ‹–• ‰‡‘Ǧ
ȋͳȌͳͳǤʹȀ• ȋʹȌʹʹǤͶȀ• •–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›‘”„‹–ǣ
ȋ͵ȌͳͳǤʹȀ ʹ Ȁ• ȋͶȌͳͳǤʹ ʹ Ȁ• ȋͳȌ ‹–™‹ŽŽ„—”‘‡–‡”‹‰‹–‘–Š‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡
PGR052 ȋʹȌ ‹–™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ‹‹–Š‡•ƒ‡’Žƒ ‡™‹–Š”‡•’‡ –
53Ǥ Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ͳͳǤʹȀ• –‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
–Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ƒ‘–Š‡” ’Žƒ‡– ‹• ͳͲͲ –‹‡• ‘ˆ ȋ͵Ȍ‹–™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ Š–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ʹͶŠ‘—”•
ȋͶȌ‹–™‹ŽŽ’‡”ˆ‘”— ‡”–ƒ‹‘–‹‘
ƒ•• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ† ‹–• ”ƒ†‹—• ‹• Ͷ –‹‡• –Š‡
PGR058
”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ Š‡ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˆ‘” –Š‡
59. ™‘ ‘”†‹ƒ”› •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ”‘—†
’Žƒ‡–‹•ǣǦ –Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ƒ‡‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–ǡ–Š‡™Š‹ Š
ȋͳȌͷ͸ǤͲȀ• ȋʹȌʹͺͲȀ• ‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†ǣǦ
ȋ͵ȌͳͳʹȀ• ȋͶȌͳͳǤʹȀ• ȋͳȌ‡Ž‘ ‹–›
PGR053 ȋʹȌ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
54. ‘†›‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›—’™ƒ”†ˆ”‘–Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
•—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆƒ„‘˜‡
ŠƒŽˆ –Š‡ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ ˆ  ‹• ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ PGR059
‡ƒ”–Šǡ –Š‡ ƒš‹— Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ––ƒ‹‡† „› –Š‡ 60Ǥ ‡’Ž‡”̵••‡ ‘†Žƒ™‹•ƒ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›
„‘†›‹• ǣǦ
ȋʹȌ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹‡ƒ”‘‡–—
  ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ
͸ ͵ ͵ ȋͶȌ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•’‡‡†
PGR054 PGR060

[Link] [ 187 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
61Ǥ ‡ ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡ ƒˆ–‡” †‡˜‹ƒ–‹‰ ˆ”‘ ‹–• ’ƒ–Š 65Ǥ ˆƒ‰”ƒ’Š‹•’Ž‘––‡†„‡–™‡‡ʹ ƒ†”͵ ˆ‘”ƒ
•–ƒ”–• ‘˜‹‰ ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ’Žƒ‡––Š‡‹–••Ž‘’‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•‡“—ƒŽ–‘‹‡–‹‡•–Š‡”ƒ†‹—• ͶSʹ 
‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ –•–‹‡’‡”‹‘†™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ʹ ȋ͵ȌͶS  ȋͶȌ‡”‘
 ͶS
  PGR065
ȋͳȌ ʹS ȋʹȌ ʹ͹ u ʹS
‰ ‰ 66Ǥ  ’Žƒ‡– ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ”‘—† –Š‡ •—Ǥ –•
  †‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡•—ƒ–’‘‰‡‡‹•” ƒ†–Šƒ–
ȋ͵Ȍ S ȋͶȌ ͲǤͺ u ͵S ƒ–‡”‹‰‡‡‹•”’ǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ†•—‹•
‰ ‰
ƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡQ ƒ†Q ‹•–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
PGR061
62Ǥ ƒ†Œ‘‹‹‰ˆ‹‰—”‡‡ƒ”–Š‰‘‡•ƒ”‘—†–Š‡•— ‘ˆ’Žƒ‡–ƒ–’‘‰‡‡ƒ†‡”‹‰‡‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›
‹ ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ ‘”„‹– ‘ ™Š‹ Š ’‘‹– –Š‡ ‘”„‹–ƒŽ ƒ†  ‹• –Š‡ –‹‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ
•’‡‡†‹•ƒš‹—ǣ ’Žƒ‡–”‘—†–Š‡•—Ǥ
 Sʹ
ȋƒȌ ʹ ȋ”  ” Ȍʹ
ʹ 
Sʹ
  ȋ„Ȍ ʹ ȋ”  ” Ȍ͵
ʹ 
ȋ Ȍ˜” α˜”
 ȋ†Ȍ˜ δ˜ ǡ” ε”
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ
ȋͶȌ ȋͳȌƒǡ„ǡ ȋʹȌƒǡ„ǡ†
PGR062 ȋ͵Ȍ„ǡ ǡ† ȋͶȌƒŽŽ
63. ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ƒ†‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ–™‘ PGR066
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡• •›•–‡—†‡”‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”›ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‹‡Ž† 67Ǥ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡Žƒ— Š‹‰•–ƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡ǣ
ƒ”‡•Š‘™„› —”˜‡•ƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ȋͳȌ‡ƒ”–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‘”‹ƒŽ”‡‰‹‘
‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‹••›•–‡‹•„‘—†ƒ–ǣ ȋʹȌ‡ƒ”–Š‡’‘Žƒ””‡‰‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ‘–Š‡’‘Žƒ”ƒš‹•
ȋͶȌƒŽŽŽ‘ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽŽ› ‰‘‘†
‡”‰›

 ‹•–ƒ ‡
PGR067
   68Ǥ •’ƒ ‡•Š—––Ž‡‹•Žƒ— Š‡†‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–

 ‡ƒ” –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š̵• •—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›„‡‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡•’ƒ ‡Ǧ •Š—––Ž‡–‘‰‡–
ȋͳȌ‘Ž›’‘‹– ˆ”‡‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ǡ
ȋʹȌ‘Ž›’‘‹– ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
ȋ͵Ȍ‘Ž›’‘‹–ǡǡƒ† ȋͳȌͳǤͷʹȀ• ȋʹȌʹǤ͹ͷȀ•
ȋͶȌŽŽ’‘‹–•ǡǡƒ† ȋ͵Ȍ͵ǤʹͺȀ• ȋͶȌͷǤͳͺȀ•
PGR063 PGR068
64Ǥ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‘ˆƒ••̵̵‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘ 69Ǥ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†
‘”„‹–ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—•ʹ–‘͵ǡ–Š‡‹‹—™‘” ‡ƒ”–Š™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†˜Ǥ ˆ‹–•ƒ••‹•ǡ–Š‡‹–•
†‘‡‹•ǣǦ –‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
  ͵
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋͳȌ ˜ ʹ ȋʹȌ˜ʹ
͸ ͳʹ Ͷ
  ͳ ͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ʹ ȋͶȌȂ ˜ ʹ
ʹͶ ͵ ʹ ʹ
PGR064 PGR069

[ 188 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
70Ǥ ˆ–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡†ƒ›‹•ǡ–Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Šƒ– 74. ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹••–‘’’‡†•—††‡Ž›‹‹–•‘”„‹–
 •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š̵• •—”ˆƒ ‡ ™Š‹ Š ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ˆ”‘
ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ’’‡ƒ”••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ˆ”‘‡ƒ”–Šǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ ‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘ˆƒŽŽˆ”‡‡Ž›‹–‘
ͳȀ͵ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ Š‡ •’‡‡† ™‹–Š ™Š‹ Š ‹– Š‹–• –Š‡
ª ͶSʹ  º
ȋͳȌ Š « ʹ » •—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
¬  ¼ ȋͳȌ͹ǤͻͳͻȀ• ȋʹȌ͹ǤͻͳͻȀ•
ª ͶSʹ  º
ͳȀʹ ȋ͵ȌͳͳǤʹȀ• ȋͶȌͳͳǤʹȀ•
ȋʹȌ Š « ʹ »  PGR075
¬  ¼ 75. ’Žƒ‡–‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–Ǥ ˆǡǡ
ͳȀ͵
ª ʹ º  ƒ†  ƒ”‡ ‹–• ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰›ǡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍ Š « ʹ »
 ‡‡”‰›ǡ –‘–ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ƒ† ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ
¬ ͶS ¼
ͳȀ͵
ƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–—”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡™Š‹ Š
ª ʹ º ‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•–”—‡ǣǦ
ȋͶȌ Š « ʹ »

¬ ͶS ¼ ȋͳȌ ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†
PGR070 ȋʹȌ ‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•’‘•‹–‹˜‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡
71. ˆ–™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆƒ••ƒ†ƒ”‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰
ȋͶȌ ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†„—––Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ˜‡ –‘”
ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ‹
 ™‹ŽŽ ‘–‹—‘—•Ž› Šƒ‰‡
‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹ƒ†””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›†—‡
PGR076
–‘—–—ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ǤŠ‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
76Ǥ Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•‹•
ˆ‘”—Žƒ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ǣǦ
ͳ ͳ
  †‹”‡ –Ž› ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ ȋ‘– ʹ Ȍǡ ™Š‡”‡
ȋͳȌ Zʹ” ȋʹȌ ʹ Zʹ”  
ȋ  ”Ȍʹ
 ̵̵‹•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡„‘†‹‡•ǤŠ‡
  –Š‡ ‘”„‹–ƒŽ •’‡‡† ˆ‘” –Š‹• ˆ‘” ‡ ‹ ‹” —Žƒ”
ȋ͵Ȍ Zʹ” ȋͶȌ Zʹ”
” ʹ
  ”ʹ
ʹ
‘”„‹–‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ
PGR071 ȋͳȌͳȀʹ ȋʹȌι ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌͳȀ
72Ǥ ™‘•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ••ƒ”‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ PGR077
”‘—† ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ȋƒ•• Ȍ ‹ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘”„‹– 77Ǥ Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰
ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Šƒ„‘˜‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ”Ǥ ‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‹”‡ –‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘
‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹ˆ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǣǦ
ƒ”‡ ‘’’‘•‹–‡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡› ƒ ‘ŽŽ‹†‡Ǥ
‘–ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ –Š‡ •›•–‡ ‰ ‰
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌ
ȋ„‘–Š•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ƒ†‡ƒ”–Š•Ȍ‹•ȋδδȌǣǦ Š ȋ  ŠȌʹ
 ʹ  ‰ Š
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
” ” Š ‰
 PGR078
ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ‡”‘
ʹ” 78Ǥ ™‘ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•‘ˆƒ••‡•ͳ ƒ†ʹ
PGR072 ƒ”‡‘˜‹‰™‹–Š•’‡‡†•˜ͳ ƒ†˜ʹ ‹‘”„‹–•‘ˆ
73Ǥ ’Žƒ‡–‘ˆƒ••‹•‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ ”ƒ†‹‹ ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ ”ͳ ε ”ʹ –Š‡
‘”„‹– ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ •— ȋƒ•• ‘ˆ •— α ȌǤ Š‡ ™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–•‹–”—‡ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ˜ͳ α˜ʹ ȋʹȌ˜ͳ ε˜ʹ
ƒš‹— ƒ† ‹‹— †‹•–ƒ ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ˜ͳ δ˜ʹ ȋͶȌ˜ͳȀ”ͳ α˜ʹȀ”ʹ
’Žƒ‡–ˆ”‘–Š‡•—ƒ”‡”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
PGR079
Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡–™‹ŽŽ„‡ 79. ”„‹–ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ˆ‘—”
’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣ –‹‡• –Šƒ– ‘ˆ ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ Ǥ
ȋͳȌ ”ͳ͵Ȁʹ ȋʹȌ ”ʹ͵Ȁʹ ‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘‘ˆ‹•ǣǦ
 ȋ͵Ȍ ȋ”ͳ  ”ʹ Ȍ͵Ȁʹ ȋͶȌ ȋ”ͳ  ”ʹ Ȍ͵Ȁʹ ȋͳȌͶ†ƒ›• ȋʹȌͺ†ƒ›•
ȋ͵Ȍͳ͸†ƒ›• ȋͶȌ͵ʹ†ƒ›•
PGR073
PGR080

[Link] [ 189 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
80Ǥ ˆ ƒ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ˜‡”› Ž‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡ 86Ǥ  ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ™Š‹ Š
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡ–Š‡‹–•‘”„‹–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‘‡• –ƒ‡• ʹͶ Š”•Ǥ –‘ ‘’Ž‡–‡ ‘‡ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹–
‘–†‡’‡†—’‘ǣǦ ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› Šƒ• –‘ „‡ ”‡’Žƒ ‡† „› ƒ‘–Š‡”
ȋͳȌƒ••‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ȋʹȌƒ••‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆ†‘—„Ž‡ƒ••Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‡™•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•
ȋ͵Ȍƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š ȋͶȌ”„‹–ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—• ƒŽ•‘Šƒ•ƒ‘”„‹–ƒŽ–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆʹͶŠ”•ǡ–Š‡
PGR081 ™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™‘”„‹–
81Ǥ ™‘ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–•  –‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‘”„‹–ǫ
ƒ†͹ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠ‡™Š‹ Š
ȋͳȌͳǣͳ ȋʹȌʹǣͳ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣʹ
‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•‹ ‘””‡ –ǣȂ
PGR088
ȋ჆‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠȌ
ȋͳȌƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„‘–Š‹•ͷ 87Ǥ • ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˆ‘” ƒ ’”‘Œ‡ –‹Ž‡ ƒ– ‡ƒ”–Š̵•
ȋʹȌƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„‘–Š‹•Ͷ •—”ˆƒ ‡‹•‡Ǥ„‘†›‹•’”‘Œ‡ –‡†ˆ‘”‡ƒ”–Š̵•
ȋ͵Ȍƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„‘–ŠͶ •—”ˆƒ ‡™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ʹ‡ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡
ȋͶȌƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ„‘–Š‹•Ͷ „‘†›™Š‡‹–‹•ƒ–‹ˆ‹‹–‡†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡
PGR082 ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǣǦ
82Ǥ Š‡ ‹‹— ’”‘Œ‡ –‹‘ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ȋͳȌ‡ ȋʹȌʹ‡
ˆ”‘–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡•‘–Šƒ–‹–„‡ ‘‡•–Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ‡ ȋͶȌ ͵ ‡
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šȋ‡ α͸ǤͶέͳͲ͸ȌǤ PGR089
ȋͳȌͳͳέͳͲ͵ Ȁ• ȋʹȌͺέͳͲ͵ Ȁ•
88Ǥ ‘”ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ͸ǤͶέͳͲ͵ Ȁ• ȋͶȌͶέͳͲ͵ Ȁ•
‡ƒ”–Šǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›–‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
PGR083
‡‡”‰›‹•ǣǦ
83Ǥ Š‡ ƒš‹— ƒ† ‹‹— †‹•–ƒ ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌͳȀʹ
‘‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •— ƒ”‡ ͺ έ ͳͲͳʹ  ƒ†
ͳ
ͳǤ͸έͳͲͳʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹‰Ǥ ˆ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‡‹– ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ʹ
‹•‡ƒ”‡•––‘–Š‡•—‹•͸ͲȀ•–Š‡™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ ʹ
„‡‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹Ȁ•™Š‡‹–‹•ˆƒ”–Š‡•–ǫ PGR090
ȋͳȌͳʹ ȋʹȌ͸Ͳ ȋ͵Ȍͳͳʹ ȋͶȌ͸ 89. Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹
PGR085 ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–Œ—•–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šǯ••—”ˆƒ ‡
84.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‰‘‡• ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹•˜ͲǤŠ‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘”„‹–‹‰
ƒŽ‘‰ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”’ƒ–Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”Ǥ‡– „‡–Š‡ ƒ–ƒƒŽ–‹–—†‡‘ˆŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‹•ǣǦ
ƒ••‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ†  ‹–• ”ƒ†‹—• –Š‡ –Š‡ ͵ ʹ
ȋͳȌ ˜ Ͳ ȋʹȌ ˜ Ͳ
Ž‹‡ƒ”•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡†‡’‡†•‘Ǥ ʹ ͵
ȋͳȌǡ ƒ†” ȋʹȌǡ ƒ†” ʹ ͵
ȋ͵Ȍ ‘Ž› ȋͶȌ ƒ†” ȋ͵Ȍ ˜Ͳ ȋͶȌ ˜Ͳ
͵ ʹ
PGR086
PGR091
85Ǥ ‡ƒ” –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š̵• •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‹‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ƒ
90. Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡• ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ •— ‹ ‘‡
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•ͳǤͶŠ”•Ǥ ‹†‹–•–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‹ˆ‹–‹•
›‡ƒ”Ǥ ˆ †‹•–ƒ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ „‡ ‘‡•
ƒ––Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡̵Ͷ̵ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǣǦ
†‘—„Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‡™–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘™‹ŽŽ
§ ͳ ·
ȋͳȌ͵ʹŠ”•Ǥ ȋʹȌ ¨ ¸ Š”•Ǥ „‡ǣǦ
©ͺ ʹ¹
ȋͳȌ Ͷ ʹ ›‡ƒ”• ȋʹȌ ʹ ʹ ›‡ƒ”•
ȋ͵Ȍ ͺ ʹ Š”•Ǥ ȋͶȌͳ͸Š”•Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌͶ›‡ƒ”• ȋͶȌͺ›‡ƒ”•
PGR087
PGR092

[ 190 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
91.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ”‡˜‘Ž˜‡• ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‡”‰›
‘”„‹–‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ”‘—†ƒ’Žƒ‡–‘ˆƒ••Ǥ ͳ
–•–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹•ǣǦ
 Ͳ
ȋͳȌ  ”
ʹ ʹ
 ͵
ȋʹȌ 
͵
 ȋͳȌͳ‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡʹ‹‡–‹ ǡ͵‘–ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋʹȌͳ‘–ƒŽǡʹ‹‡–‹ ǡ͵‘–‡–‹ƒŽ

ȋ͵Ȍͳ‹‡–‹ ǡʹ‘–ƒŽǡ͵‘–‡–‹ƒŽ

ȋͶȌ  ȋͶȌͳ‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡʹ‘–ƒŽǡ͵‹‡–‹
 PGR094
PGR093 93. Š‡ ‡ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”• ˆ”‘ •— ‹•
92.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹• ‘”„‹–‹‰ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ”Ǥ ͳǤͷ –‹‡• –Šƒ– ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ˆ”‘ •—Ǥ Šƒ– ‹•
ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ‹–• ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰›ǡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ›‡ƒ”•”‡“—‹”‡†
‡‡”‰› ƒ† –‘–ƒŽ ‡‡”‰›ǡ ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ „›ƒ”•–‘ƒ‡‘‡”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ„‘—–•—ǫ
ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ —”˜‡• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ ȋͳȌʹǤ͵ͷ›‡ƒ”• ȋʹȌͳǤͺͷ›‡ƒ”•
‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ –›’‡ ‘ˆ ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› –Š‡› ȋ͵Ȍ͵Ǥ͸ͷ›‡ƒ”• ȋͶȌʹǤ͹ͷ›‡ƒ”•
”‡’”‡•‡–Ǥ PGR095

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 3 1 4 4 1 3 2 2 4 4 1 3 2 4 4
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 1
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 1 2 2 3 1 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 4 1
Question 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 3
Question 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Answer 2 1 3 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 1 1 4 2 3
Question 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Answer 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 4 2 3 2
Question 91 92 93
Answer 1 3 2

[Link] [ 191 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

AIPMT 2014 Re-AIPMT 2015
1. „Žƒ Š‘Ž‡‹•ƒ‘„Œ‡ –™Š‘•‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ 4.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡  ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ‹ ƒ ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ ‘”„‹–
ˆ‹‡Ž†‹••‘•–”‘‰–Šƒ–‡˜‡Ž‹‰Š– ƒ‘–‡• ƒ’‡ ƒ”‘—†–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•
ˆ”‘ ‹–Ǥ ‘ ™Šƒ– ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ™‘—Ž† ˜‡”›•ƒŽŽ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
‡ƒ”–Š ȋƒ•• α ͷǤͻͺ έ ͳͲʹͶ ‰Ȍ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ „‡ Š‡ǡ
‘’”‡••‡†–‘„‡ƒ„Žƒ Š‘Ž‡ǫ ȋͳȌ –Š‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ  ‹• ƒŽ™ƒ›• †‹”‡ –‡†
ȋͳȌͳͲȂͻ  ȋʹȌͳͲȂ͸  –‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
ȋʹȌ –Š‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ  ƒ„‘—– –Š‡
ȋ͵ȌͳͲȂʹ  ȋͶȌͳͲͲ
‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š Šƒ‰‡•‹†‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ„—–
PGR108
‹–•ƒ‰‹–—†‡”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
2. ‡’‡†‡ ‡‘ˆ‹–‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†
ȋ͵Ȍ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ  ˜ƒ”‹‡•
ȋȌ‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š™‹–Š†‹•–ƒ ‡ȋ”Ȍˆ”‘ ‡–”‡‘ˆ
’‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š–‹‡Ǥ
‡ƒ”–Š‹• ‘””‡ –Ž›”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›ǣǦ
ȋͶȌ –Š‡ Ž‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ  ”‡ƒ‹•
 
‘•–ƒ–‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡Ǥ


ȋͳȌ ” ȋʹȌ   ”
PGR111
5. ”‡‘–‡Ǧ •‡•‹‰•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•
‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͲǤʹͷέͳͲ͸ 
 
 ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ˆ‡ƒ”–Š̵•”ƒ†‹—•‹•

ȋ͵Ȍ ”  ȋͶȌ  ͸Ǥ͵ͺέͳͲ͸ƒ†‰ α ͻǤͺȀ•ʹǡ–Š‡–Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ
 ”
•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•ǣ
PGR109 ȋͳȌ͸Ǥ͸͹Ȁ• ȋʹȌ͹Ǥ͹͸Ȁ•
AIPMT 2015 ȋ͵Ȍ ͺǤͷ͸Ȁ• ȋͶȌͻǤͳ͵Ȁ•
3. ‡’Ž‡”̵•–Š‹”†Žƒ™•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ’‡”‹‘† PGR112
NEET-I 2016
‘ˆ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ȋȌ‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–ƒ”‘—†–Š‡•—ǡ‹•
6. –™Šƒ–Š‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š–Š‡
’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‹”† ’‘™‡” ‘ˆ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ† –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ‰ ƒ”‡
†‹•–ƒ ‡”„‡–™‡‡•—ƒ†’Žƒ‡–‹Ǥ‡Ǥʹ α”͵
ȂͷǤͶέͳͲ͹ Ȁ‰ƒ†͸ǤͲȀ•ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǫ
Š‡”‡‹• ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
ƒ‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ•͸ͶͲͲǣ
ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡•‘ˆ•—ƒ†’Žƒ‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†
ȋͳȌʹ͸ͲͲ ȋʹȌͳ͸ͲͲ
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› –Š‡ ƒ• ’‡” ‡™–‘̵• Žƒ™ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵ȌͳͶͲͲ ȋͶȌʹͲͲͲ
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆƒ––”ƒ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡
PGR113
 7. Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ– ‡ƒ”–Š ȋ˜‡Ȍ –‘
‹• α ǡŠ‡”‡ ‹•‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
”ʹ
–Š‡ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ– ƒ ’Žƒ‡– ȋ˜’Ȍ ™Š‘•‡
Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ ƒ†‹•†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ•ǣ
”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†‡ƒ†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡–™‹ ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ αͶSʹ ȋʹȌα  ‡ƒ”–Š‹•ǣǦ

ȋ͵Ȍα ȋͶȌ αͶSʹ ȋͳȌͳǣʹ ȋʹȌͳǣ ʹ ʹ
ȋ͵ȌͳǣͶ ȋͶȌͳǣ ʹ
PGR110
PGR114

[ 192 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
NEET-II 2016 NEET(UG) 2018
8. –ƒ”–‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š Šƒ˜‹‰ 12. ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡—™‡”‡–‡–‹‡••ƒŽŽ‡”
”ƒ†‹—•ǡ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰ȋƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘ ƒ†–Š‡—‹˜‡”•ƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–™‡”‡
–‡ –‹‡ Žƒ”‰‡” ‹ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡
‰”ƒ˜‹–›Ȍ‹••Š‘™„›ǣǦ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•not ‘””‡ –ǫ
‰ ‰
ȋͳȌ ƒ‹†”‘’•™‹ŽŽˆƒŽŽˆƒ•–‡”
ȋʹȌ ƒŽ‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ‰”‘—† ™‘—Ž† „‡ ‘‡
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ‘”‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–
  ”   ” ȋ͵Ȍ ‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆƒ•‹’Ž‡’‡†—Ž—‘–Š‡
ƒ”–Š™‘—Ž††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡
‰ ‰ ȋͶȌ ̵‰̵‘–Š‡ƒ”–Š™‹ŽŽ‘– Šƒ‰‡
PGR119
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
13. Š‡‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰‹‡•‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ
  ”   ” ‘”„‹–ƒ„‘—––Š‡—ǡƒ–’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡƒ†ƒ”‡
PGR115 ǡ ƒ† ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ‹•–Š‡ƒŒ‘”ƒš‹•
ƒ†‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘ƒ––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘
9.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• ‘”„‹–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š
‘ˆ–Š‡—ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡
ȋ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•Ȍƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Šˆ”‘‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠ‡ 
–‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹–‡”•‘ˆ‰Ͳǡ–Š‡
˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ƒ– –Š‡  

‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ‹•ǣǦ
ʹ‰Ͳ ʹ ʹ‰ Ͳ ʹ ȋͳȌ δ δ ȋʹȌ ε ε
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ δ δ ȋͶȌ ε ε
Š Š
PGR120
‰ Ͳ ʹ ‰ Ͳ ʹ NEET(UG) 2019
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ 
ʹȋ  ŠȌ ʹȋ  ŠȌ 14.  „‘†› ™‡‹‰Š• ʹͲͲ  ‘ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ‘™— Š™‹ŽŽ‹–™‡‹‰ŠŠƒŽˆ™ƒ›†‘™
PGR116
–‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šǫ
NEET(UG) 2017
ȋͳȌͳͷͲ ȋʹȌʹͲͲ
10. Š‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– ȋ͵ȌʹͷͲ ȋͶȌͳͲͲ
ͳƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•ƒ– ƒ†‡’–Š PGR121
†„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ Š‡ǣǦ 15. Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ –‘ ”ƒ‹•‡ ƒ ƒ••  ˆ”‘ –Š‡
͵ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š –‘ ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– Šǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹•
ȋͳȌ†αͳ ȋʹȌ†α  ‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šǡ‹•ǣ
ʹ
ȋͳȌ‰ ȋʹȌʹ‰
ͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ†αʹ ȋͶȌ†α  ͳ ͵
ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ ȋͶȌ ‰
ʹ ʹ
PGR117 PGR122
11. ™‘ƒ•–”‘ƒ—–•ƒ”‡ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‹‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ”‡‡ NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha)
•’ƒ ‡ ƒˆ–‡” Šƒ˜‹‰ Ž‘•– ‘–ƒ – ™‹–Š –Š‡‹” 16. Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆƒ‰‡‘•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•
•’ƒ ‡•Š‹’ǤŠ‡–™‘™‹ŽŽǣǦ ʹͶŠǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ–ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–͸ ȋ ‹•”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ‘˜‡–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ ‡ƒ”–ŠȌˆ”‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†
‘ˆ ƒ‘–Š‡” •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ™Š‘•‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ‹• ʹǤͷ 
ȋʹȌ‘˜‡ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ
ˆ”‘•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǡ
ȋ͵Ȍ‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›
ȋͳȌ ͸ ʹ Š ȋʹȌ ͳʹ ʹ Š
ȋͶȌ ‡‡’ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ ʹͶ ͳʹ
–Š‡Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ Š ȋͶȌ Š
ʹǤͷ ʹǤͷ
PGR118 PGR123

[Link] [ 193 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
17. ••—‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ NEET (UG) 2022
‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ ƒ ‘„Œ‡ – ƒ– ‹ˆ‹‹–› ‹• œ‡”‘ǡ –Š‡ 22.  „‘†› ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͸Ͳ‰ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ƒ
Šƒ‰‡‹’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ȋˆ‹ƒŽ Ȃ ‹‹–‹ƒŽȌ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ͵ǤͲǡ™Š‡’Žƒ ‡†ƒ–ƒ
ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••ǡ™Š‡–ƒ‡–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Š ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ’‘‹–Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ȋ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• Ȍǡ ‹• ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‹‡Ž†‹–‡•‹–›ƒ––Šƒ–’‘‹–‹•ǣ
‰‹˜‡„›ǡ ȋͳȌͷͲȀ‰ ȋʹȌʹͲȀ‰
ȋ͵ȌͳͺͲȀ‰ ȋͶȌͲǤͲͷȀ‰
 Š
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ PGR129
Š  Š
23. ƒ– Š‹•–Ǧ ™‹–Š‹•–Ǧ ǣ

ȋ͵Ȍ‰Š ȋͶȌ
Š List - I List – II
PGR124 ȋƒȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ‹Ȍ ȏʹȂʹȐ
NEET (UG) 2020 ‘•–ƒ–ȋ Ȍ
18.  „‘†› ™‡‹‰Š• ͹ʹ  ‘ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȋ„Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ȏȂͳ͵ȂʹȐ
‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘‹–ǡƒ– ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‡“—ƒŽ–‘ŠƒŽˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Šǫ ‡‡”‰›
ȋͳȌ ʹͶ ȋʹȌ Ͷͺ ȋ Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ȏȂʹȐ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͵ʹ ȋͶȌ ͵Ͳ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
PGR125 ȋ†Ȍ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ‹˜Ȍ ȏʹȂʹȐ
NEET (UG) 2020 (Covid-19) ‹–‡•‹–›
Š‘‘•‡–Š‡ ‘””‡ –ƒ•™‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡‘’–‹‘•
19. Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ †‡’–Š ƒ– ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ
‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› „‡ ‘‡• ͳȀ
ȋͳȌȋƒȌǦȋ‹‹Ȍǡȋ„ȌǦȋ‹˜Ȍǡȋ ȌǦȋ‹Ȍǡȋ†ȌǦȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
–‹‡• –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ –Šƒ– ƒ– –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Šǫ ȋʹȌȋƒȌǦȋ‹‹Ȍǡȋ„ȌǦȋ‹˜Ȍǡȋ ȌǦȋ‹‹‹Ȍǡȋ†ȌǦȋ‹Ȍ
ȋ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠαȌ ȋ͵ȌȋƒȌǦȋ‹˜Ȍǡȋ„ȌǦȋ‹‹Ȍǡȋ ȌǦȋ‹Ȍǡȋ†ȌǦȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ȋͳȌȀʹ ȋʹȌȋȂ ͳȌȀ ȋͶȌȋƒȌǦȋ‹‹Ȍǡȋ„ȌǦȋ‹Ȍǡ ȋ ȌǦȋ‹˜Ȍǡȋ†ȌǦȋ‹‹‹Ȍ
ȋ͵ȌȀȋȂ ͳȌ ȋͶȌȀ PGR130
RE-NEET (UG) 2022
PGR126
24.  ƒ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
NEET (UG) 2021

20. Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ”–Š̵••—”ˆƒ ‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‹• ‰‹˜‡ „›ǡ   ȋ Ȁ‰ȌǤ Š‡
š
‹•XǤŠ‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‹–‡•‹–› ƒ– ’‘‹–
ƒ‘–Š‡” ’Žƒ‡– Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ ”ƒ†‹—•ǡ ˆ‘—” –‹‡• ȋʹǡͲǡ͵Ȍ‹•ǣ
–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ”–Šƒ†•ƒ‡ƒ••†‡•‹–›‹•ǣ    
ȋͳȌX ȋʹȌʹX ȋ͵Ȍ͵X ȋͶȌͶX ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ 
ʹ ʹ Ͷ Ͷ
PGR127 PGR131
21.  ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ̵̵ ‹• ’”‘Œ‡ –‡† ™‹–Š ƒ NEET (UG) 2023
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›X ፇ ȋδͳȌˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ 25. ™‘ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ ƒ•• m ƒ† ͻm ƒ”‡ ’Žƒ ‡†
‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ȋ‡ α ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ȍ Š‡ ƒš‹— ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ Ǥ Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
Š‡‹‰Š– ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ”‡ƒ Š‡† „› –Š‡ ‘ –Š‡ Ž‹‡ Œ‘‹‹‰ –Š‡ „‘†‹‡• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡
’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡‹•ǣ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‡“—ƒŽ• œ‡”‘ǡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡
ʹ ʹ ȋG ቔƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–Ȍǣ
§  · §  ·
ȋͳȌ  ¨ ¸ ȋʹȌ  ¨ ¸ ͳʹ  ͸ 
©ͳ ¹ ©ͳ ¹ ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ 
 
ʹ  ʹ ʹͲ  ͺ 
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ 
ͳ ͳ  ʹ  
PGR128 PGR140

[ 194 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
26. •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‘”„‹–‹‰Œ—•–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ 30. Š‡ ‹‹— ‡‡”‰› ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ Žƒ— Š ƒ
–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™‹–Š’‡”‹‘†Ǥ ˆ†‹•–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘ˆƒ••m ˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š
–Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ† G ‹• –Š‡ —‹˜‡”•ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ– ‘ˆ ‘ˆƒ••M ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•R ‹ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”‘”„‹–ƒ–
͵S ƒƒŽ–‹–—†‡‘ˆʹˆ”‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡“—ƒ–‹–› ”‡’”‡•‡–•ǣ ‹•ǣ
†
ͷ  ʹ 
ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌ͵ ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ 
͸ ͵
PGR141
RE-NEET (UG) 2023  
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
27. Š‡ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ʹ ͵
PGR145
•—”ˆƒ ‡ ‹• ͳͳǤʹ Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ „‘†› ‹•
RE-NEET (UG) 2024
’”‘Œ‡ –‡† —’™ƒ”† ™‹–Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹʹǤͶ Ȁ•ǡ 31. Š‡ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˆ‘” ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ˜  ’Žƒ‡–
–Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‹• „‘†› ƒ– ‹ˆ‹‹–‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ͻ–‹‡•ƒ••–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ǡ
ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ ͳ͸–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǡŠƒ•–Š‡‡• ƒ’‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
‘ˆǣ
ȋͳȌ ͳͳǤʹ ʹ Ȁ• ȋʹȌ‡”‘ ˜ ʹ˜
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
ȋ͵ȌͳͳǤʹȀ• ȋͶȌ ͳͳǤʹ ͵ Ȁ• ͵ ͵
PGR142 ͵˜ ͻ˜
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
Ͷ Ͷ
28. ˆ  ‹• –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ† ‰ ‹• –Š‡
PGR146
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘ †—‡ –‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–› ‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š 32. ‘„Œ‡ –‘ˆƒ••ͳͲͲ‰ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘’‘‹––‘
•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ƒ••Š‘™‹ϐ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡ Šƒ‰‡‹‹–•™‡‹‰Š–ǡ
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ ‘””‡ –‡†–‘–Š‡‡ƒ”‡•–‹–‡‰‡”‹•ȋ ‹•–Š‡
S ͵S ͵‰ ͶS ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠȌǣ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ͳʹ‰ Ͷ‰ ͶS ͵‰ 
PGR143 ୉
NEET (UG) 2024 ʹ
ͳ  ʹ
29. Š‡ƒ••‘ˆƒ’Žƒ‡–‹• –Š –Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š
ͳͲ
ƒ†‹–•†‹ƒ‡–‡”‹•ŠƒŽˆ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ”–ŠǤŠ‡
‰”‘—† ‰αͳͲ•Ȃʹ
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘–Šƒ–’Žƒ‡–‹•ǣ
ȋͳȌ ͳͻǤ͸•Ȃʹ ȋʹȌͻǤͺ•Ȃʹ ȋͳȌ Ͷͻ ȋʹȌͺͻ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͶǤͻ•Ȃʹ ȋͶȌ͵Ǥͻʹ•Ȃʹ ȋ͵Ȍͷ ȋͶȌͳͲ
PGR144 PGR147

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 3
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 1 2 3 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 1 4 3 4 1
Question 31 32
Answer 3 1

[Link] [ 195 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

1. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• 3. Š‘‘•‡ –Š‡ ‘””‡ – •–ƒ–‡‡–ȋ•Ȍ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣǦ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). ȋȌ Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ –Š‡‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡
„‡–™‡‡–™‘„‘†‹‡•‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‡ƒ Šƒ†
Assertion (A) : ƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‘˜‹‰
•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›ƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ͳ‹•ͻǤͺǤ
‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ˆ –Š‡
ȋȌ ‹‰Š‡” –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ‡• ƒ’‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˆ‘”ƒ
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’—ŽŽ •—††‡Ž›†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡‹– ’Žƒ‡–ǡŠ‹‰Š‡”‹•–Š‡ƒ„—†ƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–‡”
‘˜‡•™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡•’‡‡†–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ ‰ƒ•‡•‹‹–•ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ǥ
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‘”„‹–Ǥ ȋȌ ‘” ‡‘ˆˆ”‹ –‹‘ƒ”‹•‡•†—‡–‘ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
Reason (R) : Š‡‘”„‹–ƒŽ•’‡‡†‘ˆƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘Ǥ
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȋȌ Š‡ ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘
‘”„‹–Ǥ „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ „‘†‹‡• ‘ˆ ‘”†‹ƒ”›ƒ••‹•
‘– ‘–‹ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–ƒ–‹•‡š–”‡‡Ž›•ƒŽŽǤ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ȋͳȌǡ ȋʹȌǡǡ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌǡ
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ PGR135
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ 4.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹ ƒ
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹–Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ƒ”‡
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹• ‰‹˜‡ǣǦ
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ȋ‹Ȍ –‹•‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ –Šƒ•‘ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ –ǯ• ƒ‰—Žƒ” ‘‡–— ™Ǥ”Ǥ–Ǥ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ
–Š‡‡ƒ”–Š”‡ƒ‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†Ǥ
PGR132 ȋ‹˜Ȍ –•†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘ ‡–‡”—•–„‡‡“—ƒŽ
2. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• –‘ ʹ –‹‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Š̵•”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• Š‡ ‘””‡ –‘’–‹‘‹•ǣǦ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). ȋͳȌ ‹Ƭ‹‹ƒ”‡–”—‡
Assertion (A) : ‘–ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹• ‘•‡”˜‡†‹ ȋʹȌ ‹ǡ‹‹‹Ƭ‹˜ƒ”‡–”—‡
‘˜‹‰ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡–‘Š‹‰Š‡”‘”„‹–Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ ‘Ž›‹‹‹‹•–”—‡
Reason (R) : ‘” ƒ •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ ȋͶȌ ‹Ƭ‹˜ƒ”‡–”—‡
PGR136
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ƒ†‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‹••ƒ‡‹
5. ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •–ƒ–‡‡– ˆ‘” ƒ
ƒ‰‹–—†‡ƒ†‘’’‘•‹–‡‹ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‡ŽŽ‹’–‹ ƒŽ‘”„‹–ƒ”‘—†
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ –Š‡‡ƒ”–Šȋƒ••‘ˆ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡‹•‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž›•ƒŽŽ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘‡ƒ”–ŠȌ
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ǣ Š‡ƒ Ǥ‘ˆ‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•–‘™ƒ”†•‡ƒ”–ŠǤ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ ǣ Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ‘ˆ  ˜ƒ”‹‡•
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ’‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š–‹‡Ǥ
ǣ Š‡ Ž‹‡ƒ” ‘‡–— ‘ˆ ̵̵ ”‡ƒ‹
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•
‘•–ƒ–‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡Ǥ
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
Š‡ ‘””‡ –•‡“—‡ ‡‘ˆ–”—‡ȋȌƒ†ˆƒŽ•‡ȋ Ȍ
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•ǣǦ
ȋͶȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ† (R) ƒ”‡ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ  ȋ͵Ȍ  ȋͶȌ
PGR133 PGR137

[ 196 ] [Link]
Gravitation ALLEN
6.  •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ‹• ‹ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‡“—ƒ–‘”‹ƒŽ ‘”„‹– ‘ˆ Column - I Column - II
”ƒ†‹—• ͹ͲͲͲ  ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ˆ ‹– ‹• ȋȌ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ƒ– ȋȌ ”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ
–”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ƒ ‹” —Žƒ” ‘”„‹– ‘ˆ †‘—„Ž‡ ‘ˆ
 
”ƒ†‹—•ǣǦ
Column - I Column - II ȋȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ȋȌ ‡••–Šƒ
ȋȌ ‰—Žƒ” ȋȌ  ”‡ƒ•‡• ˆ‹‡Ž†ƒ–
‘‡–— ȋȌ •‘‡ ȋȌ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
ȋȌ ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ”–Š ȋȌ ‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘˜‡•ˆ”‘ ”‡ƒ‹•
‘˜‡”‡† „› –‘ ‘•–ƒ–
•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡•‹‰ƒŽ
ȋȌ •‘‡ ȋȌ ”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ȋȌ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ȋȌ ‡ ‘‡•
‡‡”‰› †‘—„Ž‡ ‘˜‡•ˆ”‘ ˆ‹‡Ž†
ȋȌ ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰› ȋȌ ‡ ‘‡•ŠƒŽˆ –‘ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋͳȌȋȌ o ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǡǢȋȌo ǡ ȋȌ ƒ–ƒ
ȋʹȌȋȌ o ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǡ ‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–
ȋ͵ȌȋȌ o ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǡǢȋȌo ǡ ȋͳȌȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo 
ȋͶȌȋȌ o ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǡ
ȋʹȌȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo 
PGR138
7. ™‘ ‘ ‡–”‹  •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ •Š‡ŽŽ• ‘ˆ ‘Ǧœ‡”‘ ȋ͵ȌȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo 
ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǣǦ ȋͶȌȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo ǢȋȌo 
 PGR139
 

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 2 4 4 3 3 2 2

[Link] [ 197 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Importantt Notess

[ 198 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN

Chapter No. 05

PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND FLUID MECHANICS

Contents Page No.
–”‘†— –‹‘–‘–›’‡•‘ˆˆ‘” ‡•ƒ†–›’‡•‘ˆ„‘†‹‡• ʹͲͳ
–”‡••ƒ†‹–•–›’‡•ǡ„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡•• ʹͲͳ
–”ƒ‹ƒ†‹–•–›’‡• ʹͲ͵
‘‘‡̵•Žƒ™ ʹͲͷ
‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡‘ˆ‘†—Ž—•‘ˆŽƒ•–‹ ‹–› ʹͲͷ
‘”†‘‡‹•–”‡– Š‹‰ƒ™‹”‡ȋ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ•–”‡– Š‡†™‹”‡Ȍ ʹͲͺ
–”‡••–”ƒ‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ƒ† ”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹• ʹͲͻ
Ž—‹† ʹͳʹ
”‡••—”‡ƒ†”‡••—”‡†—‡–‘‹“—‹†‘Ž— ʹͳ͵
ƒ• ƒŽ̵•ƒ™ ʹͳ͸
—‘›ƒ ›ǡ” Š‹‡†‡•̵”‹ ‹’Ž‡ƒ†ƒ™•‘ˆ Ž‘ƒ–ƒ–‹‘ ʹͳ͹
›’‡•‘ˆ Ž—‹†ˆŽ‘™ ʹͳͻ
‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•Š‡‘”‡ ʹʹͲ
‘””‹ ‡ŽŽ‹̵•Žƒ™ ʹʹͳ
‡–—”‹‡–‡” ʹʹ͵
‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”Š‡‘”›‘ˆ—”ˆƒ ‡‡•‹‘ ʹʹ͸
—”ˆƒ ‡‡”‰› ʹ͵Ͳ
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›—„‡ƒ†ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹–› ʹ͵͹
‡™–‘̵•ƒ™‘ˆ‹• ‘•‹–› ʹ͵ͻ
–‘‡̵•ƒ™ƒ†‡”‹ƒŽ‡Ž‘ ‹–› ʹͶͲ
š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ʹͶͷ
š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋ”‡˜‹‘—•‡ƒ”•—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ʹͷͷ
š‡” ‹•‡Ǧ ȋƒŽ›–‹ ƒŽ—‡•–‹‘•Ȍ ʹ͸Ͳ

NEET SYLLABUS
Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship. Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear, modulus of
rigidity, poisson's ratio; elastic energy.
Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, Reynold's number, streamline and turbulent flow. Critical velocity,
Bernoulli's theorem and its applications.
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure, application of surface tension ideas
to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

[Link] [ 199 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

ARCHIMEDES (287 – 212 B.C.)

” Š‹‡†‡•™ƒ•ƒ ”‡‡’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š‡”ǡƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ‹ƒǡ• ‹‡–‹•–ƒ†‡‰‹‡‡”Ǥ ‡

‹˜‡–‡†–Š‡ ƒ–ƒ’—Ž–ƒ††‡˜‹•‡†ƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ’—ŽŽ‡›•ƒ†Ž‡˜‡”•–‘Šƒ†Ž‡Š‡ƒ˜›

Ž‘ƒ†•ǤŠ‡‹‰‘ˆŠ‹•ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹–››”ƒ —•‡ǡ ‹‡”‘ ƒ•‡†Š‹–‘†‡–‡”‹‡‹ˆŠ‹•

‰‘Ž† ”‘™™ƒ•ƒŽŽ‘›‡†™‹–Š•‘‡ Š‡ƒ’‡”‡–ƒŽ•— Šƒ••‹Ž˜‡”™‹–Š‘—–†ƒƒ‰‹‰

–Š‡ ”‘™ǤŠ‡’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ‘••‘ˆ™‡‹‰Š–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†™Š‹Ž‡Ž›‹‰‹Š‹•„ƒ–Š–—„

•—‰‰‡•–‡†ƒ•‘Ž—–‹‘–‘Š‹Ǥƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘Ž‡‰‡†ǡŠ‡”ƒƒ‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡•–”‡‡–•

‘ˆ›”ƒ —•‡‡š Žƒ‹‹‰Dz—”‡ƒǡ‡—”‡ƒǨdzǡ™Š‹ Š‡ƒ•Dz Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘—†‹–ǡ Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘—†‹–Ǩdz

DANIEL BERNOULLI (1700-1782)

ƒ‹‡Ž‡”‘—ŽŽ‹™ƒ•ƒ™‹••• ‹‡–‹•–ƒ†ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ‹ƒ™Š‘ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š‡‘ƒ”†

—Ž‡”Šƒ†–Š‡†‹•–‹ –‹‘‘ˆ™‹‹‰–Š‡ ”‡ Š ƒ†‡›’”‹œ‡ˆ‘”ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ •

–‡ –‹‡•Ǥ ‡ ƒŽ•‘ •–—†‹‡† ‡†‹ ‹‡ ƒ† •‡”˜‡† ƒ• ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘” ‘ˆ ƒƒ–‘› ƒ†

„‘–ƒ› ˆ‘” ƒ ™Š‹Ž‡ ƒ– ƒ•Ž‡ǡ ™‹–œ‡”Žƒ†Ǥ ‹• ‘•– ™‡ŽŽǦ‘™ ™‘” ™ƒ• ‹

Š›†”‘†›ƒ‹ •ǡƒ•—„Œ‡ –Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ˆ”‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ǣ–Š‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘

‘ˆ‡‡”‰›Ǥ ‹•™‘”‹ Ž—†‡† ƒŽ —Ž—•ǡ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ˜‹„”ƒ–‹‰•–”‹‰•ǡƒ†ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ •Ǥ

‡Šƒ•„‡‡ ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ˆ‘—†‡”‘ˆƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽ’Š›•‹ •Ǥ

[ 200 ] [Link]
 Properties of Matter and
05 Fluid Mechanics

Mechanical Properties of Solids

Introduction to types of forces and types of bodies
Types of forces
Deforming Forces
š–‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ™Š‹ Š –‡†• –‘ „”‹‰ ƒ„‘—– ƒ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Šǡ ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘” •Šƒ’‡ ‘ˆ ƒ „‘†› ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†
†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Restoring Forces
Š‡ƒ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•ƒ–ƒ›‘„Œ‡ ––Š‡ƒ‹–‡”ƒŽ”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡’”‘†— ‡†‹–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ†—‡–‘–Š‡
‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•™Š‹ Š‹• ƒŽŽ‡†”‡•–‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Elasticity
Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‹•–Šƒ–’”‘’‡”–›‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆƒ„‘†›„›˜‹”–—‡‘ˆ™Š‹ Š‹–‘’’‘•‡•ƒ› Šƒ‰‡‹‹–••Šƒ’‡‘”
•‹œ‡™Š‡†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘‹–ǡƒ†”‡ ‘˜‡”‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡ƒ••‘‘ƒ•–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡
ƒ”‡”‡‘˜‡†
Types of Bodies
Rigid Body
„‘†›‹••ƒ‹†–‘„‡”‹‰‹†‹ˆ–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡’‘•‹–‹‘•‘ˆ‹–• ‘•–‹–—‡–’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†™Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ
†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘‹–ǤŠ‡‡ƒ”‡•–ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š–‘ƒ”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•†‹ƒ‘†‘” ƒ”„‘”—†—Ǥ
Perfectly Elastic Body
 „‘†›™Š‹ Š ’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›”‡‰ƒ‹•‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽˆ‘”‘ ”‡‘˜‹‰ –Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡ǡ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ•ƒ
’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž›‡Žƒ•–‹ „‘†›Ǥšƒ’Ž‡ǣ—ƒ”–œȂ –‹•“—‹–‡ Ž‘•‡–‘ƒ’‡”ˆ‡ –‡Žƒ•–‹ „‘†›Ǥ
Plastic Body
„‘†›™Š‹ Š†‘‡•‘–Šƒ˜‡–Š‡’”‘’‡”–›‘ˆ‘’’‘•‹‰–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡•ǡ‹•‘™ƒ•ƒ’Žƒ•–‹ „‘†›Ǥ
ŽŽ„‘†‹‡•™Š‹ Š”‡ƒ‹‹–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”‡†•–ƒ–‡‡˜‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡”‡‘˜ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡†‡ˆ‘”‹‰ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡‘™
ƒ•’Žƒ•–‹ „‘†‹‡•Ǥšƒ’Ž‡ǣ Žƒ›ǡ™ƒšǡ’—––›Ǥ
Stress and its types, breaking stress
Stress
Š‡ ”‡•–‘”‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡ ƒ –‹‰ ’‡” —‹– ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡ˆ‘”‹‰
„‘†›‹• ƒŽŽ‡†stressǤ
‹–‡”ƒŽ ”‡•–‘”‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡• ”
•–”‡•• ȋ ”Ȍ
ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ”‘•• •‡ –‹‘
ȋƒ– ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—Ȍ
•–”‡•• ‡š–‡”ƒŽ

 ‹–ǣȀ ʹ ‹‡•‹‘•ǣȏͳȂͳȂʹȐ

Types of Stress

Longitudinal Stress Volumetric Stress Shear Stress

Tensile Stress

Compressive Stress

[Link] [ 201 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Types of stress
(i) Longitudinal Stress
Š‡ –Š‡ •–”‡•• ‹• ‘”ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ”‘•• •‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǡ –Š‡ ‹– ‹•
‘™ƒ•longitudinal stress.
‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ–”‡••α A

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆŽ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ǣ

(a) Tensile Stress

Š‡Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ǡ’”‘†— ‡††—‡–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š
‘ˆƒ„‘†›ǡ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–‡•‹Ž‡•–”‡••Ǥ

(b) Compressive Stress

Š‡ Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”‡••ǡ ’”‘†— ‡† †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡
Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ„‘†›ǡ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ• ‘’”‡••‹˜‡•–”‡••Ǥ
(ii) Volume Stress/Hydraulic Stress
ˆ‡“—ƒŽ‘”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘˜‡”‡˜‡”›—‹–•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ„‘†›ǡ–Š‡‹–—†‡”‰‘‡•ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹ Šƒ‰‡
‹˜‘Ž—‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‘” ‡‘’’‘•‹‰–Š‹• Šƒ‰‡‹˜‘Ž—‡’‡”—‹–ƒ”‡ƒ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•˜‘Ž—‡•–”‡••Ǥ
A
‘Ž—‡–‡••Ȁ ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ –”‡••α 

(iii) Shear Stress/Tangential Stress
Š‡–Š‡•–”‡••‹•–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ‘”’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ„‘†›
–Š‡‹–‹•‘™ƒ••Š‡ƒ”•–”‡••Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‹••–”‡••ǡ–Š‡•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ
–Š‡„‘†› Šƒ‰‡•‘”‹–‰‡–•–™‹•–‡†„—–‘–‹–•˜‘Ž—‡Ǥ
ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ
Š‡ƒ”•–”‡••α –
 
(iv) Breaking Stress
Š‡‹‹—•–”‡••”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ –—ƒŽˆ”ƒ –—”‡‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡breaking stress ‘”
—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•–”‡‰–ŠǤor
Š‡ƒš‹—•–”‡••–Šƒ–ƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ƒ„‡ƒ”‹• ƒŽŽ‡†„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••Ǥ

ƒš ƒš

ƒš
”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••α  ƒš αˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘„”‡ƒ–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ

‡’‡†‡ ‡‘ˆ„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••ǣ
ȋ‹Ȍƒ–—”‡‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ȋ‹‹Ȍ‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ’—”‹–‹‡•Ǥ
†‡’‡†‡ ‡‘ˆ„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••ǣ
ȋ‹Ȍ”‘•••‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‘”–Š‹ ‡•• ȋ‹‹Ȍ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡ ȋ ƒšαǤǤέ ”‡ƒȌǤ
ƒš‹—Ž‘ƒ†ȋˆ‘” ‡Ȍ™Š‹ Š ƒƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘–Š‡™‹”‡†‡’‡†•‘
ȋ‹Ȍ”‘•••‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‘”–Š‹ ‡•• ȋ‹‹Ȍƒ–—”‡‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡  ȋ‹˜Ȍ ’—”‹–‹‡•

[ 202 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 1
Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆ–™‘™‹”‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‹•ʹǣͳǤ ‹†‹ˆ–Š‡›ƒ”‡•–”‡– Š‡†„›–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘” ‡ǡ–Š‡
”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•–”‡••ǣ
Solution:
ʹ ʹ
ˆ‘” ‡ ʹ ª” º ªͳ º ͳ
–”‡••α α Ÿ ȋ•–”‡••Ȍͳ α ʹ έ S”ʹ α « ʹ » α « » α
ƒ”‡ƒ S” ʹ ȋ•–”‡••Ȍʹ S”ͳ ¬ ”ͳ ¼ ¬ʹ¼ Ͷ
Illustration 2
„‘†›‘ˆƒ••ͳͲ‰‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘ƒ͵Ͳ Ž‘‰™‹”‡™Š‘•‡„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••‹•ͶǤͺέͳͲ͹ ȀʹǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ
”‘•••‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡‹•ͳͲȂ͸ ʹǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡ƒš‹—ƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š™Š‹ Š‹– ƒ„‡”‘–ƒ–‡†‹
ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ ‹” Ž‡ǫ
Solution:
͹ ͸
Zʹ ȋȌ ͶǤͺ u ͳͲ u ͳͲ
α„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••ȋȌŸ Z α α αͶ”ƒ†Ȁ•
  ͳͲ u ͲǤ͵
Illustration 3
Š‡„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••‘ˆƒŽ—‹‹—‹•͹ǤͷέͳͲͺ †›‡Ȁ ʹǤ ‹†–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒŽ—‹‹—™‹”‡–Šƒ–
ƒŠƒ‰˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š‘—–‰‡––‹‰„”‘‡—†‡”‹–•‘™™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ‡•‹–›‘ˆƒŽ—‹‹—‹•ʹǤ͹‰Ȁ ͵Ǥ
‹˜‡ǣ‰αͻͺͲ Ȁ•ʹǤ
Solution:
‡–„‡–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡–Šƒ– ƒŠƒ‰˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š‘—–‰‡––‹‰„”‘‡Ǥ
ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡ǡα ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒȋȌέŽ‡‰–ŠȋȌέ†‡•‹–›ȋUȌ
‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡α‰αU‰
Š‹•‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒš‹—ˆ‘” ‡–Šƒ––Š‡™‹”‡ ƒ™‹–Š•–ƒ†Ǥ
U‰
? ”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••α αU‰

ͺ
”͹ǤͷέͳͲͺ αέʹǤ͹έͻͺͲ Ÿ α ͹Ǥͷ u ͳͲ αʹǤͺ͵ͶέͳͲͷ αʹǤ͵
ʹǤ͹ u ͻͺͲ
Strain and its types
Strain
Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‹‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘†›
–”ƒ‹
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ †‹‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „‘†›
–‹•ƒ—‹–Ž‡••ƒ††‹‡•‹‘Ž‡••“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ

Types of Strain

Longitudinal Strain Volumetric Strain Shear Strain

Tensile Strain

Compressive Strain

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
(i) Longitudinal strain:
'
Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡‹•٣ –‘ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ǡŽ‡‰–Š Šƒ‰‡•
'
‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ‹α Šƒ‰‡‹Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› α
‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› 
(ii) Volumetric strain: 
Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘„‘†›ǡ˜‘Ž—‡ Šƒ‰‡•
'
‘Ž—‡•–”ƒ‹α Šƒ‰‡‹˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†› 
A

A A

(iii) Shear strain:

Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡‹•‫••‘” ‘– צ‬Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ǡ•Šƒ’‡ Šƒ‰‡• š
š
–ƒI α ȋ ‡”‡I ‹•˜‡”›•ƒŽŽȌ


†‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ —’’‡” ˆƒ ‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡
I
š –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” ˆƒ ‡
I
 †‹•–ƒ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ˆƒ ‡•
Ԅ α •Š‡ƒ”•–”ƒ‹ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”

Relation between angle of twist and angle of shear

Š‡ƒ ›Ž‹†‡”‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šƒ†”ƒ†‹—•”‹•ˆ‹š‡†ƒ–‘‡‡†ƒ†ƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ––Š‡‘–Š‡”
‡†ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ ›Ž‹†‡”‰‡–•–™‹•–‡†Ǥ ‹‰—”‡•Š‘™•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”I ƒ†ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ–™‹•–TǤ
”‘†‹ƒ‰”ƒ
”T αI
”T 
I ) T

”
T ა‰Ž‡‘ˆ–™‹•–
I ა‰Ž‡‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”
Illustration 4
™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͳƒ†”ƒ†‹—•ʹ‹• Žƒ’‡†ˆ”‘‹–ǯ• —’’‡”‡†ǤŠ‡Ž‘™‡”‡†‹•–™‹•–‡†–Š”‘—‰Šƒ
ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆͶͷιǤŠ‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”‹•ǫ
Solution:
” ͵
I α T α ʹ u ͳͲ έͶͷιαͲǤͲͻι
 ͳ

[ 204 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Hooke's law
 ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‹•Žƒ™™‹–Š‹–Š‡‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹––Š‡•–”‡••’”‘†— ‡†‹ƒ„‘†›‹•†‹”‡ –Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘–Š‡
‘””‡•’‘†‹‰•–”ƒ‹Ǥ
Stress α Strain ” Stress = E × strain
‡”‡ǡα ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‘”‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›
–”‡••

–”ƒ‹
–”‡••
Š‡•Ž‘’‡‘ˆ•–”‡••Ƭ•–”ƒ‹‰”ƒ’Š‰‹˜‡• ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ †‡’‡†•‘ǣ
ͳǤƒ–—”‡‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ Ž‘’‡α–ƒTα
ʹǤ ’—”‹–‹‡•
͵Ǥ‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‹†‡’‡†‡–ˆ”‘ǣǦ T
ͳǤ–”‡•• –”ƒ‹
ʹǤ–”ƒ‹

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1. ‹†‘—––Š‡Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ƒ†–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ•–”‡••‘–Š‡ˆ‹š‡†„Ž‘ •Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ
ͳͲͲ
͵Ͳι
ͳ

ͷ

PPF162
2. ʹŽ‘‰”‘†‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳ ™Š‹ Š‹•ˆ‹š‡†ƒ–‘‡‡†‹•‰‹˜‡ƒ–™‹•–‘ˆͲǤͺ”ƒ†‹ƒ•ƒ––Š‡‘–Š‡”
‡†Ǥ ‹†–Š‡•Š‡ƒ”•–”ƒ‹†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Ǥ
PPF163
3. Š‡ ƒš‹— •–”‡•• –Šƒ– ƒ „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ ƒ ™‹”‡ ‡’Ž‘›‡† –‘ •—•’‡† ƒ
͵
‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‘” ‹• έ ͳͲͺ ȀʹǤ ˆ –Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‘” ‹• ͻͲͲ ‰ ƒ† ‹– ‘˜‡• —’ ™‹–Š ƒ
S
ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ʹǤʹȀ•ʹ –Š‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‹‹—”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡Ǥ
PPF164
4. Š—ƒ„‘‡‹••—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘ƒ ‘’”‡••‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆͷǤͲέͳͲͷǤŠ‡„‘‡‹•ʹͷ Ž‘‰ƒ†Šƒ•
ƒƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡ ”‘•••‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆͶǤͲ ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡ ‘’”‡••‹˜‡•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡„‘‡
‹•ͳǤ͹ͲέͳͲͺ Ȁʹǡ™‹ŽŽ–Š‡„‘‡„‡ ‘’”‡••‡†‘”™‹ŽŽ‹–„”‡ƒ—†‡”–Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡ǫ
PPF165
5. Š‡„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••‘ˆ•–‡‡Ž‹•͹Ǥͻu ͳͲ Ȁ ƒ††‡•‹–›‹•͹Ǥͻu ͳͲ ‰Ȁ ǤŠƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡
8 2 3 3

–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ•–‡‡Ž™‹”‡•‘–Šƒ–‹–ƒ›‘–„”‡ƒ—†‡”‹–•‘™™‡‹‰Š–ǫ
PPF166
6. ™‹”‡ ƒ„‡ƒ”ƒ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆʹͲ‰„‡ˆ‘”‡‹–„”‡ƒ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘–™‘‡“—ƒŽ’ƒ”–•ǡ
–Š‡‡ƒ Š’ƒ”–™‹ŽŽ•—’’‘”–ƒƒš‹—™‡‹‰Š–ǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF167
Significance of Modulus of Elasticity
‘”‡‹•–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‘†—Ž—•‘ˆŽƒ•–‹ ‹–›ǡ‘”‡‹•–Š‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ
–‡ƒ•‘”‡‡Žƒ•–‹ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‘”‡–‡†‡ ›–‘”‡‰ƒ‹‹–••Šƒ’‡—†‡”‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ‘–’‡”ƒ‡–†‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ
[Link] [ 205 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Young's Modulus of Elasticity
‹–Š‹‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”‡••–‘Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ•–”ƒ‹‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ
Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• Ȁ

Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ ' Ȁ 


 '
‹–‘ˆǣȀʹ‹‡•‹‘•‘ˆǣȏͳȂͳȂʹȐ ‘ƒ†ȋ Ȍ
Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”‡•• Ȁ Ÿ 
 '
Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ ' Ȁ  
‘–‡ǣ ‘”•’”‹‰ǣ αš ǥȋ‹Ȍ Ž‘’‡α–ƒTα α

‘”™‹”‡ǣ ' ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ T

 Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ȋ'Ȍ
”‘ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍǡ 

Illustration 5
 ‘’’‡”™‹”‡‘ˆ‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ƒ••ǡŽ‡‰–Šͳƒ† ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͳͲȂ͸ ʹ ‹•‡’–‘ƒ•‘‘–ŠŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
–ƒ„Ž‡™‹–Š‘‡‡†ˆ‹š‡†Ǥ„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ͳ‰‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†ǤŠ‡™‹”‡ƒ†–Š‡„ƒŽŽƒ”‡”‘–ƒ–‹‰
™‹–Šƒƒ‰—Žƒ”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆʹͲ”ƒ†Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡™‹”‡‹•ͳͲȂ͵ ǡ‘„–ƒ‹–Š‡‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ
‘’’‡”Ǥ
Solution:
‡–”‹’‡–ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ αZʹ”
Zʹ” '
? –”‡••‹–Š‡™‹”‡α ƒ†•–”ƒ‹‹–Š‡™‹”‡α
  
–”‡•• Zʹ ˜  ͳ u ȋʹͲȌʹ u ȋͳȌʹ
‘—‰ǯ•‘†—Ž—•α αͶέͳͲͳͳ Ȁʹ
–”ƒ‹ Ǥ' ͳͲ͸ u ͳͲ͵
Illustration 6
Š‡‰”ƒ’Š•Š‘™•–Š‡‡š–‡•‹‘‘ˆƒ™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͳ•—•’‡†‡† ȋȌ
ˆ”‘ƒ”‘‘ˆƒ–‘‡‡†ƒ†™‹–ŠƒŽ‘ƒ† ‘‡ –‡†–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”
‡†Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹”‡ ‹• ͳ ʹǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ͳͲͲ
‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡‹• ͺͲ
Solution: ͸Ͳ
ͶͲ
Ȁ   
 Ÿ α•Ž‘’‡ ʹͲ
' Ȁ  ' ' 
 ͳ § ͶͲ  ʹͲ · 'ȋȌ
Ÿ α έȋ•Ž‘’‡Ȍα ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ
¨ ¸ αʹέͳͲͳͲ Ȁʹ
 ͳͲ͸ ¨© ȋʹ  ͳȌu ͳͲ͵ ¸¹
Illustration 7
™‘™‹”‡•ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡‡–ƒŽǤŠ‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‹”‡‹•ŠƒŽˆ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†™‹”‡ƒ†‹–•
†‹ƒ‡–‡”‹•†‘—„Ž‡–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ‘†™‹”‡Ǥ ˆ‡“—ƒŽŽ‘ƒ†•ƒ”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘„‘–Š–Š‡™‹”‡•ǡˆ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡‹”Ž‡‰–Š•Ǥ
Solution:

 Ÿ '   'ͳ Ͷ ͳ S†ʹʹ ͳ †ʹʹ ͳ ͳ ͳ

 u α u u
'  S”  ʹ 'ʹ S†ͳʹ Ͷ ʹ ʹ †ͳʹ ʹ ȋʹȌʹ ͺ


[ 206 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 8
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ•–‡‡Ž™‹”‡‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͳͲି଺ ଶ „›ͲǤͷΨǤ
‰‹˜‡ǣȋˆ‘”•–‡‡ŽȌαʹέͳͲଵଵ Ȁଶ Ǥ
Solution:
' '
έͳͲͲαͲǤͷΨŸ αͷέͳͲǦ͵
 
'
‘ǡ α αʹέͳͲͳͳ έͳͲȂ͸ έͷέͳͲȂ͵ αͳͲ͵ 

Elongation in hanging wire due to its own weight
‹ ‡–Š‡™‡‹‰Š– ƒƒ••—‡†–‘„‡ƒ –ƒ––Š‡ ‡–”‡‘ˆ‰”ƒ˜‹–›ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡

‰ u
 ʹ Ÿ 'α ‰ 
? Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ‡‰–Š™‹ŽŽ„‡–ƒ‡ƒ• ?
ʹ  u ' ʹ 
U‰ ʹ
—–ǡαȋȌU ? 'α ‘”'α U‰
ʹ ʹ
Illustration 9
”—„„‡””‘’‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͺ‹•Š—‰ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡‹Ž‹‰‘ˆƒ”‘‘ǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’‡†—‡
–‘‹–•‘™™‡‹‰Š–ǫȋ ‹˜‡ǣ ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ”—„„‡”αͷέͳͲ͸ Ȃʹ ƒ††‡•‹–›‘ˆ”—„„‡”
αͳǤͷέͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ ƒ†‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌǤ
Solution:
U‰ ʹ ͳͲ͵ u ͳͲ u ͺ u ͺ
ͳǤͷ u ͳ
' α αͻǤ͸έͳͲȂʹ αͻǤ͸έͳͲȂʹ έͳͲ͵ αͻ͸Ǥ
ʹ ʹ u ͷ u ͳͲ͸
Bulk modulus of elasticity 'K' or 'B'
‹–Š‹‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ •–”‡••ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ Šƒ‰‡‹’”‡••—”‡Ȍ–‘–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ •–”ƒ‹‹•
ƒŽŽ‡†—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›Ǥ
˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ •–”‡•• Ȁ  '
 ‘”
˜‘Ž—‡–”‹ •–”ƒ‹ Ȃ' Ȃ'
 
Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‹‰‹†‹ ƒ–‡•ƒ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹˜‘Ž—‡™‹–Šƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹’”‡••—”‡ƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǧ˜‡”•ƒǤ
‹–‘ˆǣȀʹ ‘”ƒ• ƒŽ
Compressibility ‘C’
Š‡”‡ ‹’”‘ ƒŽ‘ˆ—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ• ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ
ͳ
  —‹–‘ˆǣʹȀ‘”’ƒ• ƒŽȂͳ

Illustration 10
•’Š‡”‡ ‘–”ƒ –•‹˜‘Ž—‡„›ͲǤͲͳΨ™Š‡–ƒ‡–‘–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ•‡ƒͳ†‡‡’Ǥ ‹†–Š‡—Ž‘†—Ž—•
‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡•’Š‡”‡Ǥ ‹˜‡ǣ†‡•‹–›‘ˆ•‡ƒ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͳ‰Ȁ ͵ǡ‰αͻͺͲ Ȁ•ʹǤ
Solution:
ȁ ' ȁ ͲǤͲͳ
ǡŠαͳαͳͲͷ ǡ U αͳ‰Ȁ ͵ Ǣ'αŠU‰αͳͲͷ έͳέͻͺͲ†›‡Ȁ ʹǡαǫ
 ͳͲͲ
' ' u  ͳͲͷ u ͻͺͲ u ͳͲͲ
 α †›‡Ȁ ʹ αͻǤͺέͳͲͳͳ †›‡Ȁ ʹǤ
ȁ ' ȁȀ ȁ ' ȁ ͲǤͲͳ

[Link] [ 207 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
K'
Modulus of Rigidity 'K
‹–Š‹‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”‹‰•–”‡••–‘•Š‡ƒ”‹‰•–”ƒ‹‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ”‹‰‹†‹–›‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ
§ · š
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ
•Š‡ƒ”‹‰ •–”‡•• ¨ 
¸
–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽ
K ¨ ¸
•Š‡ƒ”‹‰ •–”ƒ‹ ¨ I ¸ I
¨ ¸ 
© ¹ I
Note: ‰Ž‡‘ˆ•Š‡ƒ”̵ʣ̵‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•–ƒ‡‹”ƒ†‹ƒ•
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
‘Ž‹† ‹“—‹† ƒ• †‡ƒŽ”‹‰‹†„‘†›

‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—• †‡ˆ‹‡† ‘–†‡ˆ‹‡† ‘–†‡ˆ‹‡† ˆ‹‹–‡
—Ž‘†—Ž—• †‡ˆ‹‡† ‡ˆ‹‡† ‡ˆ‹‡† ‹ˆ‹‹–‡
Š‡ƒ”‘†—Ž—• †‡ˆ‹‡† ‘–†‡ˆ‹‡† ‘–†‡ˆ‹‡† ‹ˆ‹‹–‡

Work done in stretching a wire (Potential energy of a stretched wire)

Š‡ƒ™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š̵̵‹••–”‡– Š‡†„›ƒ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ ǡ–Š‡™‘”Šƒ•–‘„‡†‘‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡”‡•–‘”‹‰
ˆ‘” ‡–Š‹•™‘”‹••–‘”‡†ƒ•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ™‹”‡Ǥ
ͳ ଶ
‘”•’”‹‰ǣ ǤǤα Žƒ•–‹ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰› α š
ʹ

‘”™‹”‡ǣ  α  α ͳ §¨  ·¸ ' ʹ
ʹ©  ¹

 α ͳ §¨  ' ·¸ ' ͳ

' ”
ʹ©  ¹ ʹ

 α ͳ § ' ·

ʹ  ¨©  ¸¹  
ͳ
  •–”‡••  •–”ƒ‹  ˜‘Ž—‡
ʹ
ͳ
 ȋ•–”ƒ‹Ȍʹȋ˜‘Ž—‡Ȍ
ʹ
ͳ § ȋ•–”‡••Ȍʹ ·
 ¨ ¸¸ȋ˜‘Ž—‡Ȍ
ʹ ¨©  ¹
Illustration 11
”—„„‡” ‘”†Šƒ•ƒ ”‘••Ȃ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͳ ʹ ƒ†–‘–ƒŽ—•–”‡– Š‡†Ž‡‰–ŠͳͲ Ǥ –‹••–”‡– Š‡†–‘
ͳʹ ƒ†–Š‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†–‘’”‘Œ‡ –ƒƒ••‘ˆͷ‰Ǥ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•ˆ‘””—„„‡”‹• ͷέͳͲͺ ȀʹǤ ‹†–Š‡
–‡•‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘”†ƒ†˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••Ǥ
Solution:
 ͷu ͳͲͺ u ͳ u ͳͲ͸ u ʹu ͳͲʹ
‡•‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘”†α ' αͳͲͲǤ
 ͳͲ u ͳͲʹ
Š‡–Š‡ƒ••‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ǡ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‡‡”‰›•–‘”‡†α‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›‘ˆƒ••
ͳ ͳ u ' ͳͲͲ u ʹu ͳͲʹ
u ' ˜ʹ Ÿ ˜α αʹͲȀ•Ǥ
ʹ ʹ  ͷu ͳͲ͵

[ 208 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 12
‘—‰‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ„”ƒ••‹•ͳͲͳͳ ȀʹǤŠ‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‹–•‡‡”‰›‘’”‡••‹‰ƒ”‘†‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š
ͲǤͳƒ† ”‘••Ȃ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͳ ʹ ƒ†‡‘ˆ„”ƒ••™‹–Šƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆͳͲ‰ƒŽ‘‰‹–•Ž‡‰–Šǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
Solution:
ͳ ͳ  ͳ ͲǤͳ
 ”‡ƒ•‡‹‡‡”‰›α έ'α έ έ α u ȋͳͲ u ͳͲȌʹ u Ͷ αͷέͳͲȂͷ
ʹ ʹ  ʹ ͳͲ u ͳͲͳͳ
Potential energy density
–”‡••
‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡•–‘”‡†‹–Š‡™‹”‡


˜‘Ž
 —‹–ǣ Ȁ͵ ‘”Ȁʹ
”‡ƒα
ͳ ͳ ͳ § ȋ•–”‡••Ȍʹ ·
 ȋ•–”‡••Ȍȋ•–”ƒ‹Ȍ ȋ•–”ƒ‹Ȍʹ ¨ ¸ T
ʹ ʹ ʹ©  ¹ –”ƒ‹

Note: Ž‘’‡α–ƒɅ αα ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›

ͳ
”‡ƒ u •–”‡•• u •–”ƒ‹ ‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡”‰› ‡•‹–›
ʹ
V)
Poisson’s Ratio (V
' '”
Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ Ǣ Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ 
 ”
‹–Š‹‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–ǡ–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ–‡”ƒŽ•–”ƒ‹–‘–Š‡Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ '”
”
•–”ƒ‹‹• ƒŽŽ‡†’‘‹••‘̵•”ƒ–‹‘.
Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ '” Ȁ ” '
V Ÿ V 
Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ ' Ȁ 

Ȃͳd V d ͲǤͷȋ–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽŽ‹‹–Ȍ

V | ͲǤʹȂ ͲǤͶȋ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‹‹–Ȍ
Stress Strain relationship and Graphical analysis
”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽŽ‹‹–
Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–
”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••
–”‡••


š 

”ƒ –—”‡’‘‹–


‡”ƒ‡–•‡–

•–”ƒ‹
 Žƒ•–‹ ‡‰‹‘ Žƒ•–‹ ‡‰‹‘

[Link] [ 209 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
1. –Š‡”‡‰‹‘„‡–™‡‡–‘–Š‡ —”˜‡‹•Ž‹‡ƒ”Ǥ ‘‘‡̵•Žƒ™‹•‘„‡›‡†Ǥ –Š‹•”‡‰‹‘–Š‡•‘Ž‹†
„‡Šƒ˜‡•ƒ•ƒ‡Žƒ•–‹ „‘†›Ǥ
2. –Š‡”‡‰‹‘–‘•–”‡••ƒ†•–”ƒ‹ƒ”‡‘–’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ„—–„‘†›”‡‰ƒ‹•‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ•Šƒ’‡ƒ†
•‹œ‡™Š‡–Š‡Ž‘ƒ†‹•”‡‘˜‡†Ǥ‘‹–‹•‘™ƒ•–Š‡‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–Ǥ
3. ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ƒ†‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†ˆ—”–Š‡”–Š‡•–”ƒ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•”ƒ’‹†Ž›–Šƒ•–”‡••Ǥ
4. –Š‡”‡‰‹‘ˆ”‘–‘ǡ™Š‡Ž‘ƒ†‹•”‡‘˜‡†–Š‡„‘†›†‘‡•‘–”‡‰ƒ‹‹–•‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘•Ǥ
˜‡™Š‡•–”‡••‹•œ‡”‘–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‹•‘–œ‡”‘ǤŠ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹••ƒ‹†–‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ’‡”ƒ‡–•‡–ǤŠ‡
”‡‰‹‘„‡›‘†’‘‹–‹•‘™ƒ•–Š‡’Žƒ•–‹ ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ
5. ‘‹–  ‘””‡•’‘†• –‘ –Š‡ —Ž–‹ƒ–‡ –‡•‹Ž‡ •–”‡‰–ŠǢ „‡›‘† –Š‹• ’‘‹– ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ •–”ƒ‹ ‹•
’”‘†— ‡†„›‡˜‡ƒ”‡†— ‡†ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ˆ‘” ‡ƒ†ˆ”ƒ –—”‡‘ —”•ƒ–’‘‹–Ǥ
6. ˆ’Žƒ•–‹ ”‡‰‹‘‹•Žƒ”‰‡–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡†— –‹Ž‡Ǥ
–”‡••
7. ˆ’Žƒ•–‹ ”‡‰‹‘‹••ƒŽŽ–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡„”‹––Ž‡Ǥ
Note: ‘”•‘‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‡Žƒ•–‹ ”‡‰‹‘‹•˜‡”›Žƒ”‰‡ƒ†–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
†‘‡• ‘– ‘„‡› ‘‘‡̵• Žƒ™ ‘˜‡” ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡
–”ƒ‹
ƒŽŽ‡†‡Žƒ•–‘‡”•‡Ǥ‰Ǥ‹••—‡‘ˆ‘”–ƒǡ”—„„‡”ǡ‡– Ǥ
Illustration 13
Š‡•–”‡••˜‡”•—••–”ƒ‹‰”ƒ’Š•ˆ‘”–™‘ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒ”‡•Š‘™„‡Ž‘™Ǥš’Žƒ‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰


–”‡••

–”ƒ‹
ȋƒȌ Š‹ Šƒ–‡”‹ƒŽŠƒ•‰”‡ƒ–‡”‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•ǫ
ȋ„Ȍ Š‹ Šƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•‘”‡†— –‹Ž‡ǫ
ȋ Ȍ Š‹ Šƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•‘”‡„”‹––Ž‡ǫ
ȋ†Ȍ Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘‹••–”‘‰‡”ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǫ
Solution:
ȋƒȌ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽŠƒ•‰”‡ƒ–‡”˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡•Ž‘’‡‘ˆ‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆǤ
ȋ„Ȍ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•‘”‡†— –‹Ž‡„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽƒ”‰‡’Žƒ•–‹ †‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘”ƒ‰‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡Žƒ•–‹ 
Ž‹‹–ƒ†–Š‡„”‡ƒ‹‰’‘‹–Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•‘”‡„”‹––Ž‡„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡’Žƒ•–‹ ”‡‰‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡Žƒ•–‹ Ž‹‹–ƒ†„”‡ƒ‹‰’‘‹–‹•
•ƒŽŽǤ
ȋ†Ȍ –”‡‰–Š‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•†‡–‡”‹‡†„›–Š‡•–”‡••”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ ƒ—•‡ˆ”ƒ –—”‡Ǥƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹••–”‘‰‡”
–Šƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ

[ 210 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX-2
1. •–”‡••‘ˆʹͲu ͳͲ8 Ȁ2 ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†™Š‡–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ™‹”‡‹•†‘—„Ž‡†Ǥ –•‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•
‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‹Ȁ2 ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF168
2. Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š•‘ˆ–™‘™‹”‡•ƒ†‡—’‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•͵ǣͳƒ†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹‹
‹• ͳ ǣ ͵Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹ ”‡‡–• ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š• ‘ ƒ ‘—– ‘ˆ •—•’‡†‹‰ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ™‹ŽŽ
„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF169
3. Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘—”™‹”‡•ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤŠ‹ Š‘‡™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘
™Š‡•—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘–Š‡•ƒ‡–‡•‹‘ǫ
ȋͳȌ‡‰–ŠͷͲͲ ǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤͲͷǤ ȋʹȌ‡‰–ŠʹͲͲ ǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤͲʹǤ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡‰–Š͵ͲͲ ǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤͲ͵Ǥ ȋͶȌ‡‰–ŠͶͲͲ ǡ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤͲͳǤ
PPF170
4. Š‡„—Ž̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ ‘’’‡”‹•ͳ͵ͺu ͳͲ9 ƒǤŠ‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ’”‡••—”‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†‹ƒ‡š’Ž‘•‹‘
Šƒ„‡”‹•͵Ͷͷu ͳͲ͸ ƒǤŠ‡–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆƒ’‹‡ ‡‘ˆ ‘’’‡”’Žƒ ‡†
‹–Š‹• Šƒ„‡”™‹ŽŽ„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF171
5. Š‡ ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”’‡”—‹–ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡‹•Ͷu ͳͲ–5Ǥ‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡
‘ˆͳͲͲ ͵ ™ƒ–‡”‘ˆ˜‘Ž—‡ƒ–ͳͲͲƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF172
6. ™‘ ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ƒ† ‘’’‘•‹–‡ ˆ‘” ‡•ǡ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ͶͲͲͲ ǡ ƒ”‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽŽ› –‘ –Š‡
—’’‡”ƒ†Ž‘™‡”ˆƒ ‡•‘ˆƒ —„‹ ƒŽ‡–ƒŽ„Ž‘ ‘ˆ•‹†‡ʹͷ Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•Š‡ƒ”‘†—Ž—•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡–ƒŽ
‹• ͺ έ ͳͲͳͲ ƒǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ †‹•’Žƒ ‡‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’’‡” •—”ˆƒ ‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” •—”ˆƒ ‡ ™‹ŽŽ
„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
A
I

αʹͷ 
PPF173
7. ‘—‰‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ„”ƒ••‹•ͳͲͳͳ Ȁ2ǤŠ‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‹–•‡‡”‰›‘’”‡••‹‰ƒ”‘†
‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͲǤͳƒ† ”‘••Ȃ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͳ ʹ ƒ†‡‘ˆ„”ƒ••™‹–Šƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆͳͲ‰ƒŽ‘‰‹–•
Ž‡‰–Šǡ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF174

[Link] [ 211 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Fluid
Ž—‹†•ƒ”‡–Š‡•—„•–ƒ ‡•–Šƒ– ƒˆŽ‘™‘”†‡ˆ‘”•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡŽ‹“—‹†•ƒ†‰ƒ•‡•„‘–Šƒ”‡ˆŽ—‹†•Ǥ
–—†›‘ˆˆŽ—‹†•ƒ–”‡•–‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ˆŽ—‹†•–ƒ–‹ •‘”Š›†”‘•–ƒ–‹ •ƒ†–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆˆŽ—‹†‹‘–‹‘‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ˆŽ—‹†
†›ƒ‹ •‘”Š›†”‘†›ƒ‹ •Ǥ Ž—‹†•–ƒ–‹ •ƒ†ˆŽ—‹††›ƒ‹ • ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡Ž›‘™ƒ•ˆŽ—‹†‡ Šƒ‹ •Ǥ
Š‡‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•‹Ž‹“—‹†•ƒ”‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›™‡ƒ‡”–Šƒ‹•‘Ž‹†•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡‹”•Šƒ’‡• ƒ
„‡ Šƒ‰‡†‡ƒ•‹Ž›ǤŠ‡‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ȋ•Š‡ƒ”•–”‡••Ȍ‹•’”‡•‡–ǡŽ‹“—‹† ƒˆŽ‘™—–‹Ž‹– ‘ˆ‘”•–‘–Š‡
„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ‹–• ‘–ƒ‹‡”Ǥ‘•–Ž‹“—‹†•”‡•‹•– ‘’”‡••‹‘ǤŽ‹‡ƒ‰ƒ•ǡƒŽ‹“—‹††‘‡•‘–†‹•’‡”•‡–‘ˆ‹ŽŽ
‡˜‡”›•’ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ ‘–ƒ‹‡”ƒ†‹–ˆ‘”•ƒˆ”‡‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
Š‡‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡™‡ƒ‡•–‹‰ƒ•‡•ǡ•‘–Š‡‹”•Šƒ’‡•ƒ†•‹œ‡• ƒ„‡ Šƒ‰‡†— Š‡ƒ•‹Ž›Ǥ ƒ•‡•
ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ƒ†‘ —’›–Š‡‡–‹”‡•’ƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–ƒ‹‡”“—‹–‡”ƒ’‹†Ž›ǤŽ‹‡Ž‹“—‹†ǡ‰ƒ•‡•
ƒ̵–ˆ‘”ˆ”‡‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Statics Fluid dynamics

(i) Density
ƒ•• 
‡•‹–› ŸU
‘Ž—‡ 
‰ ‰
‹–•Ǧ ȋ‹Ȍ ͵
ȋ •›•–‡Ȍ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ȋ •›•–‡Ȍ
 ͵
Note: ȋ‹Ȍ U™ƒ–‡” αͳͲͲͲ‰Ȁ͵ αͳ‰Ȁ ȋ‹‹Ȍ U ‰ αͳ͵͸ͲͲ‰Ȁ͵ αͳ͵Ǥ͸‰Ȁ
Density of mixture
ˆ –™‘ ‹‹• ‹„Ž‡ Ž‹“—‹†• ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͳ ƒ†ʹ ƒ† ˜‘Ž—‡ ͳ ƒ†ʹ ƒ”‡‹š‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡” –Š‡ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ
‘–ƒŽƒ••‘ˆ‹š–—”‡ ͳ  ʹ ͳ  ʹ
‹š–—”‡‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣ U‹š
‘–ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ‹š–—”‡ ˜ͳ  ˜ ʹ ͳ ͳ

Uͳ Uʹ
Case (1) :
ˆŽ‹“—‹†™‹–Š•ƒ‡ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡‹š‡†‹Ǥ‡Ǥͳ αʹ α –Š‡Ǧ
ʹUͳUʹ
U‹š ȋ ƒ”‘‹ ‡ƒ‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ†‡•‹–‹‡•Ȍ
Uͳ  Uʹ
Case (2) :
ˆŽ‹“—‹†™‹–Š•ƒ‡˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ”‡‹š‡†‹Ǥ‡Ǥͳ αʹ α–Š‡ Ǧ
Uͳ  Uʹ
U‹š ȋ”‹–Š‡–‹ ‡ƒ‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ†‡•‹–‹‡•Ȍ
ʹ
Illustration 14
™‘‹‹• ‹„Ž‡Ž‹“—‹†•Šƒ˜‹‰†‡•‹–›ʹ‰Ȁ ƒ†Ͷ‰Ȁ ƒ”‡‹š‡†–Š‡ˆ‹††‡•‹–›‘ˆ‹š–—”‡‹ˆǦ
ȋͳȌƒ‡˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ ȋʹȌƒ‡ƒ••‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡
Solution:
Uͳ  Uʹ ʹ  Ͷ ʹUͳUʹ ʹȋʹȌȋͶȌ ͺ
ȋͳȌ U‹š ͵‰Ȁ ȋʹȌ U‹š ‰Ȁ
ʹ ʹ Uͳ  Uʹ ʹ Ͷ ͵

[ 212 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 15
‡•‹–›‘ˆ‹š–—”‡‹•Ͷ‰Ȁ ™Š‡‡“—ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ƒ†͵‰Ȁ ™Š‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ǡ
–Š‡ˆ‹††‡•‹–›‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽŽ‹“—‹†Ǥ
Solution:
‡––Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†•ƒ”‡Uͳ ƒ†Uʹ
Uͳ  Uʹ
ˆ‡“—ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ǡ Ͷ Ÿ Uͳ  Uʹ ͺ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
ʹ
ʹUͳUʹ
ˆ‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•ƒ”‡–ƒ‡ǡ ͵ Ÿ UͳUʹ ͳʹ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ
Uͳ  Uʹ
›•‘Ž˜‹‰„‘–Š‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ǡUͳ αʹ̵‘”̵͸‰Ȁ ǢUʹ α͸̵‘”̵ʹ‰Ȁ
(ii) Relative density:
‡•‹–›‘ˆ•—„•–ƒ ‡
ǤǤ
‡•‹–›‘ˆ’—”‡™ƒ–‡”ƒ–Ͷι
ǤǤ‹•ƒ—‹–Ž‡••ƒ††‹‡•‹‘Ž‡••“—ƒ–‹–›
(iii) Specific weight:
‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ •—„•–ƒ ‡ ‰
’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡‹‰Š– αU‰ —‹–o Ȁ͵
‘Ž—‡‘ˆ•—„•–ƒ ‡ 
(iv) Specific Gravity:
’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ•—„•–ƒ ‡ U‰ U
Ǥ Ǥ ǤǤ
’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ’—”‡™ƒ–‡”ƒ–Ͷι U™ ‰ U™
Note: Š‡—‡”‹ ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰”ƒ˜‹–›ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‡•‹–›ƒ”‡•ƒ‡Ǥ
Pressure and Pressure due to Liquid Column
”‡••—”‡‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰’‡”—‹–
•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒǤ
A
 ǡ Š‡”‡ A ᐑ”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‘ƒ•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ”‡ƒ
 
SI UNIT : ƒ• ƒŽȋƒȌǢͳƒαͳȀʹ Dimensions : ȏȂͳȂʹȐ
”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ—‹–•ǣƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ȋƒ–Ȍǡ„ƒ”ƒ†–‘””Ǥ
ͳƒ–αͳǤͲͳ͵ʹͷέͳͲͷ ƒαͳǤͲͳ͵ʹͷ„ƒ”α͹͸Ͳ–‘””α͹͸Ͳ‘ˆ ‰αͳͲǤ͵͵‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”
ͳ„ƒ”αͳͲͷ ƒǢͳ–‘””αͳ‘ˆ‡” —”› ‘Ž—αͳ͵͵ƒǤ
”‡••—”‡‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›Ǥ
Illustration 16
ͷͲ‰‰‹”Ž™‡ƒ”‹‰Š‡‡Ž•Š‘‡•„ƒŽƒ ‡•‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡Š‡‡ŽǤŠ‡Š‡‡Ž‹• ‹” —Žƒ”™‹–Šƒ†‹ƒ‡–‡” ͳ ǤŠ‡
’”‡••—”‡‡š‡”–‡†„›–Š‡Š‡‡Ž‘–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽˆŽ‘‘”‹•ȋƒ‡‰αͳͲ•ȂʹȌ
ȋͳȌ͸ǤͶέͳͲͶ ƒ ȋʹȌ͸ǤͶέͳͲͷ ƒ ȋ͵Ȍ͸ǤͶέͳͲ͸ ƒ ȋͶȌ͸ǤͶέͳͲ͹ ƒ
Solution: ȋͳȌ
‡”‡ǡαͷͲ‰ǡαͳ αͳͲȂʹ ǡ‰αͳͲ•Ȃͳ
? ”‡••—”‡‡š‡”–‡†„›–Š‡Š‡‡Ž‘–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽˆŽ‘‘”‹•
‰ Ͷ‰ Ͷ u ͷͲ‰ u ͳͲ•ʹ
’ α͸ǤͶέͳͲ͸ ƒ
 SȋȀʹȌʹ Sʹ ͵ǤͳͶ u ȋͳͲʹ Ȍʹ

[Link] [ 213 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Types of Pressures
”‡••—”‡‹•‘ˆ–Š”‡‡–›’‡•ǣ
ȋ‹Ȍ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ȋ‘Ȁƒ–Ȍ ȋ‹‹Ȍ ƒ—‰‡’”‡••—”‡ȋ‰ƒ—‰‡Ȍ ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ„•‘Ž—–‡’”‡••—”‡ȋƒ„•ǤȌ
(1) Atmospheric Pressure
‘” ‡ ‡š‡”–‡† „› ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹  ‘Ž— ‘ —‹– ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ– ‡ƒ •‡ƒ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†
ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ȋͲȌǤ
‘ αͳͲͳǤ͵Ȁʹ Ÿ ‘ αͳǤͲͳ͵ έ ͳͲͷ Ȁʹ
Note: ƒ”‘‡–‡”‹•—•‡†–‘‡ƒ•—”‡–Š‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡Ǥ
(2) Gauge Pressure
š ‡•• ”‡••—”‡ ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹  ’”‡••—”‡ ȋ Ȃ ƒ–Ȍ ‡ƒ•—”‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‡Ž’ ‘ˆ ’”‡••—”‡
‡ƒ•—”‹‰‹•–”—‡–•‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‰ƒ—‰‡’”‡••—”‡Ǥ
Note: ƒ—‰‡’”‡••—”‡‹•ƒŽ™ƒ›•‡ƒ•—”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡Š‡Ž’‘ˆƒ"manometer".
(3) Absolute Pressure :-
—‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ƒ†‰ƒ—‰‡’”‡••—”‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡’”‡••—”‡Ǥ
ƒ„• αƒ– Ϊ‰ƒ—‰‡
ƒ„• α‘ ΪŠU‰
Pressure due to liquid at depth 'h'
αƒ••‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‡Ž‡‡– ͳ
ᔇƒ‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ •‡ –‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‡Ž‡‡–
‹ ‡ˆŽ—‹†‹•ƒ–”‡•– ‰ Š
Ÿ ͳڏ‰αʹ
Ÿ ͳΪȋŠUȌ‰αʹ
ʹ
Ÿ ʹ αͳ ΪU‰Š
Note: ”‡••—”‡‡š‡”–‡†„›ƒ•ƒ‡Ž‹“—‹†ƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘•Šƒ’‡ƒ†•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‘–ƒ‹‡”ȋ‹–‡ƒ•“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ȌǤ –†‡’‡†•‘Ž›‘–Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹† ‘Ž—Ǥ

   
”‡••—”‡†—‡–‘Ž‹“—‹†ǡ α α α
Pressure due to liquid on a vertical wall of container

U Š

”‡••—”‡†—‡–‘Ž‹“—‹†‘ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ™ƒŽŽ‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–†‡’–Š•ǡ•‘ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ˆŽ—‹†’”‡••—”‡‘•‹†‡
U‰Š
™ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–ƒ‹‡”‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘‡ƒ’”‡••—”‡α ȋŠαŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ™ƒŽŽȌ
ʹ
Problems based on Pressure due to Liquid Column and Barometer

[ 214 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 17
 —„‘‹†ȋƒέƒέʹƒȌ‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–ŠƒŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆ†‡•‹–›̵U̵ƒ••Š‘™‹
ʹƒ
ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ‡‰Ž‡ –‹‰ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ǡˆ‹†‘—–
ȋƒȌ ‘” ‡‘„ƒ•‡™ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‘‹† ȋ„Ȍ ‘” ‡‘•‹†‡™ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‘‹† U
Solution:
ƒ
ȋƒȌ ‘” ‡‘„ƒ•‡™ƒŽŽα„ƒ•‡™ƒŽŽ έ„ƒ•‡™ƒŽŽ αU‰ȋʹƒȌέƒʹ αʹU‰ƒ͵
ƒ
ª Ͳ  U‰ȋʹƒȌ º ʹ
ȋ„Ȍ ‘” ‡‘•‹†‡™ƒŽŽα•‹†‡™ƒŽŽ έ•‹†‡™ƒŽŽ α « » u ʹƒ αʹU‰ƒ
͵
¬ ʹ ¼
Illustration 18
–ƒͷŠ‹‰Š‹•ŠƒŽˆˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š™ƒ–‡”ƒ†–Š‡‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†–‘–Š‡–‘’™‹–Š‘‹Ž†‡•‹–› ͲǤͺͷ‰Ǧ™–Ȁ ͵ǤŠ‡
’”‡••—”‡ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒǡ†—‡–‘–Š‡•‡Ž‹“—‹†•‹•Ǥ
Solution:
”‡••—”‡ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘ǡ
‰  ™– ‰  ™– ‰  ™–
 ȋŠͳ†ͳ  Šʹ†ʹ Ȍ ʹ
αȏʹͷͲέͳΪʹͷͲέͲǤͺͷȐ ʹͷͲȏͳǤͺͷȐ ʹ
Ͷ͸ʹǤͷ
  ʹ
Barometer
–—„‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͳƒ†—‹ˆ‘” ”‘•••‡ –‹‘‹•–ƒ‡Ǥ –‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‡” —”›ƒ†‹˜‡”–‡†‹–‘ƒ‡” —”›
–”ƒ›ǤŠ‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡‡” —”› ‘Ž—‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‹•‹†‡–Š‡–—„‡‹•͹͸ Ǥ
ƒ ——

Šα͹͸  ƒ–

? –‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ αU‰Š α ͳ͵Ǥ͸έͳͲ͵ έͻǤͺͳέ͹͸έͳͲȂʹ αͳǤͲͳ͵έͳͲͷ Ȁʹ

Barometer in lift
Case (1) : ‹ˆ–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‰—’™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘̵ƒ̵ Ǣ ƒ– Uȋ‰  ƒȌŠ
Case (2) : ‹ˆ–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‰†‘™™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘̵ƒ̵ Ǣ Patm U(g  a)h
U- tube concept
ƒ–‡”
Ͳ

Ͳ
ƒ–‡”ȋU™Ȍ
š Š™
š Š š ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›Ž‡˜‡Ž
 ‰ 
‰ ‰

ȋ ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›Ȍ ȋ ‹ƒŽŽ›Ȍ
‘”–Š‡•ƒ‡•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›Ž‹“—‹†ǡ’”‡••—”‡ƒ–•ƒ‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž”‡ƒ‹••ƒ‡Ǥ
 α
Ͳ ΪŠ ‰U ‰‰αͲ ΪŠ™U™‰ Ÿ Š ‰U ‰ Š™U™

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Illustration 19
‘’‡Ǧ–—„‡ ‘–ƒ‹•™ƒ–‡”ƒ†—‘™Ž‹“—‹†•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†„›‡” —”›ǤŠ‡‡” —”› ‘Ž—•‹–™‘
ƒ”•ƒ”‡‹Ž‡˜‡Ž™‹–Šͺ ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹‘‡ƒ”ƒ†ͳͲ ‘ˆ—‘™Ž‹“—‹†‹–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ǥ ‹†–Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ 
‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘ˆ—‘™Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
Solution:
Š™U™ αŠŽ‹“UŽ‹“ ŠŽ‹“ ‘™Ž‹“—‹†Š™
UŽ‹“ Š™ ƒ–‡”
ȋǤ ǤȌŽ‹“Ǥ α
U™ ŠŽ‹“
ͺ ‰
ȋǤ ǤȌŽ‹“Ǥ α ͲǤͺ
ͳͲ
Pascal's Law
ƒ• ƒŽ̵•Žƒ™‹••–ƒ–‡†‹ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰™ƒ›•Ǥ
y Ž‹“—‹†‡š‡”–•‡“—ƒŽ’”‡••—”‡•‹ƒŽŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘•ƒ–’‘‹–Ǥ
y ˆ–Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹ƒ‡ Ž‘•‡†ˆŽ—‹†‹• Šƒ‰‡†ƒ–ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”’‘‹–ǡ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡‹•–”ƒ•‹––‡†–‘
‡˜‡”›’‘‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†ƒ†–‘–Š‡™ƒŽŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–ƒ‹‡”™‹–Š‘—–„‡‹‰†‹‹‹•Š‡†‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡Ǥ
Applications of pascal's law
Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹ Ž‹ˆ–•ǡŠ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ ’”‡••ǡŠ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ „”ƒ‡•ǡ‡–
Hydraulic lift
ͳ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆŠ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ Ž‹ˆ–
”‡••—”‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†α
ͳ ‘”’”‡••

ʹ
? ”‡••—”‡–”ƒ•‹––‡†α ͳ

ʹ  ʹ
 ͳ
' ”‡••—”‡‹•‡“—ƒŽŽ›–”ƒ•‹––‡† ʹ

ͳ ʹ
'
ͳ ʹ
ȋʹ εͳȌ
ͳ ʹ
? ’™ƒ”†•ˆ‘” ‡‘ʹ ‹• ʹ α u ʹ u ͳ
ͳ ͳ
Illustration 20
αͳͲ
ȋͳȌ ‹†–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡–”ƒ•‹––‡†‘Žƒ”‰‡”’‹•–‘Ǥ ”ʹ α͵ 
ȋʹȌ ˆ•ƒŽŽ‡”’‹•–‘‹•’—•Š‡††‘™–Š”‘—‰Š͸ ǡ–Š‡
Š‘™— Š–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡”’‹•–‘™‹ŽŽ‘˜‡—’Ǥ ”ͳαͳ 
Solution:
ͳ ʹ ͳͲ ʹ Ÿ
ȋͳȌ Ÿ ʹ αͻͲ
ͳ  ʹ SȋͳȌʹ Sȋ͵Ȍʹ
ȋʹȌ ͳ ʹ
͸
ͳŠͳ αʹŠʹ Ÿ ͲǤ͸͹ 
ͻ
Illustration 21
Š‡‡ ƒ†„‘––‘‘ˆƒ„‘––Ž‡ƒ”‡Ͷ ƒ†ͳʹ ‹”ƒ†‹—•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ‘”‹•’”‡••‡†™‹–Šƒ
ˆ‘” ‡ͳͲ‹–Š‡‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡„‘––Ž‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—––Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†‘–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‘––Ž‡ǣ
Solution:
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ʹ § ʹ · § ʹ · § ͳʹ ·
Ÿ ʹ ¨ ¸ ͳ ¨ ¸ ͳ ¨ Ͷ ¸ u ͳͲ ͻͲ
ͳ ʹ © ͳ ¹ © ͳ ¹ © ¹

[ 216 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Buoyancy, Archimedes' Principle and Laws of Floatation
Buoyant Force
ˆƒ„‘†›‹•’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›‘”ˆ—ŽŽ›‹‡”•‡†‹ƒˆŽ—‹†ǡ‹–‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ—’™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†•—””‘—†‹‰
‹–ǤŠ‹•’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†„›ˆŽ—‹†‘–Š‡„‘†›‹• ƒŽŽ‡†„—‘›ƒ ›ƒ†ˆ‘” ‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†„—‘›ƒ–
ˆ‘” ‡‘”ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ—’–Š”—•–Ǥ
Archimedes' Principle Ͳ
–•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡—’™ƒ”†„—‘›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‘ƒ„‘†›–Šƒ–‹•
ͳαͳ
’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› ‘” –‘–ƒŽŽ› ‹‡”•‡† ‹ ƒ ˆŽ—‹† ‹• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡
Šͳ
™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ—‹††‹•’Žƒ ‡†„›‹–Ǥ 
‘•‹†‡”ƒ„‘†›‹‡”•‡†‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆ†‡•‹–›VǤ
‘’•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ†‘™™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ Šʹ

ͳ αͳ αȏŠͳǤVǤ‰ΪͲȐ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
‘™‡”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ƒ—’™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ ‰
ʹ αʹ αȏŠʹǤVǤ‰ΪͲȐ ǥȋ‹‹Ȍ V
ʹαʹ
•Šʹ εŠͳ •‘ ʹ ‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ ͳ
•‘‡–—’™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ α ʹ Ȃ ͳ αV‰ȏŠʹ Ȃ ŠͳȐ
? αǤVǤ‰ǤǤዐǤVǤ‰
ȏ ‹ α˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›•—„‡”‰‡†‹–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†
 α˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ†‹•’Žƒ ‡†Ž‹“—‹†
‰α™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ†‹•’Žƒ ‡†Ž‹“—‹†Ȑ
Apparent weight „


‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ„‘†›α
  ƒ’’
U• 
=
U   ƒ’’ ‰
‡ ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–ƒ„‘†›‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›•—„‡”‰‡†‹•‹†‡ˆŽ—‹†ǣǦ
ƒ’’ αȂ „
ƒ’’ ᏉȂ V‰
ƒ’’ αU‰Ȃ V‰αȋU Ȃ VȌ‰
Principle of Floatation
Š‡ƒ„‘†›‘ˆ†‡•‹–›ȋUȌƒ†˜‘Ž—‡ȋȌ‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›‹‡”•‡†‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆ†‡•‹–›ȋVȌǡ–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•
ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„‘†›ƒ”‡ǣ
ȋ‹Ȍ ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›α‰αU‰†‹”‡ –‡†˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›†‘™™ƒ”†•
ȋ‹‹Ȍ —‘›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‘”’–Š”—•– „ αV‰†‹”‡ –‡†˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›—’™ƒ”†•
Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‡‡ ƒ•‡•ƒ”‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ǣ
Case I : ‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ȋU εVȌ
–Š‹• ƒ•‡ε „
‘–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽ•‹–‘–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
’’ αȂ „ αU‰Ȃ V‰αU‰ȋͳȂ VȀUȌαȋͳȂ VȀUȌǤ
Case II : ‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ȋU αVȌ
–Š‹• ƒ•‡α „
‘–Š‡„‘†›™‹ŽŽˆŽ‘ƒ–ˆ—ŽŽ›•—„‡”‰‡†‹–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ –™‹ŽŽ„‡‹‡—–”ƒŽ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—Ǥ
’’ αȂ „ αͲ

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Case III : ‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹•Ž‡••‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ȋU δVȌ
–Š‹• ƒ•‡δ „
‘ –Š‡ „‘†› ™‹ŽŽ ˆŽ‘ƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› •—„‡”‰‡† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ  –Š‹• ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹†
†‹•’Žƒ ‡†„›–Š‡„‘†›ȋ‹Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡Ž‡••–Šƒ–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ„‘†›ȋȌǤŠ‹•‡•—”‡•–Šƒ–—’–Š”—•–
‡“—ƒŽ•–‘Ǥ
? ’’ αȂ „ αͲ
Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡–Š”‡‡ ƒ•‡• ‘•–‹–—–‡–Š‡laws of floatation ™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ƒ„‘†›™‹ŽŽˆŽ‘ƒ–‹ƒ
Ž‹“—‹†‹ˆ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹††‹•’Žƒ ‡†„›–Š‡‹‡”•‡†’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹•ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡
™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›Ǥ
Illustration 22
͵
ˆƒ„Ž‘ ‘ˆ™‘‘†ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹™ƒ–‡”™‹–Š ‘ˆ‹–•˜‘Ž—‡‹•‹†‡–Š‡™ƒ–‡”–Š‡™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ™‘‘†ǫ
ͷ
Solution:
ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰ ‘†‹–‹‘α „
͵
Ÿ U„‰αU™‹‰ Ÿ U„αͳͲͲͲέ  Ÿ U„ αͲǤ͸έͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵
ͷ
Illustration 23
 —„‡™‹–Šƒ‡†‰‡‘ˆͳͲ ‹•‹‡”•‡†‹ƒ˜‡••‡Ž ‘–ƒ‹‹‰™ƒ–‡”ǤŽƒ›‡”‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹‹• ‹„Ž‡™‹–Š
™ƒ–‡”ƒ†Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ†‡•‹–›‘ˆͲǤͺέͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ ‹•’‘—”‡†ƒ„‘˜‡™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡‹–‡”ˆƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹•
ƒ––Š‡‹††Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‡Š‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‡ǣ
Solution:
α „ȋŽ‹“ȌΪ „ȋ™ƒ–‡”Ȍ
Ÿ ‰ U ‹ Ž‹Ž‹“ ‰  U™ ‹ ™ƒ–‡” ‰ Ÿ αȋUA ΪU™Ȍ‹

  α
ȋͲǤͺέͳͲ͵ ΪͳͲ͵ȌέȋͳͲέͳͲέͷέͳͲȂ͸ȌαͲǤͻͲ‰
˜
ȏ ‹ ͷ u ͳͲͶ ͵ Ȑ
ʹ

BEGINNER’S BOX-3
1. Š‡–™‘‡–ƒŽ•™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡•ƒ”‡‹š‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‹š–—”‡‹•Ͷ‰Ȁ͵Ǥ
Š‡‡“—ƒŽƒ••‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡–™‘‡–ƒŽ•ƒ”‡‹š‡†–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡‹š–—”‡†‡•‹–›‹•͵‰Ȁ͵Ǥ
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡†‡•‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‡–ƒŽǤ
PPF175
2. ‡” —”›„ƒ”‘‡–‡””‡ƒ†•͹ͷ ‹ƒ•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›Ž‹ˆ–ǤŠƒ–”‡ƒ†‹‰†‘‡•‹–•Š‘™™Š‡–Š‡Ž‹ˆ–
‹•‘˜‹‰†‘™™ƒ”†•ǡ™‹–Šƒƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͳȀ•ʹǫ
PPF176
3. Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆƒ’‹•–‘ʹ ‹•ͷͲ ƒ†–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ’‹•–‘ͳ ‹•ͳͲ ǤŠƒ–‹•–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†
‘ʹ ™Š‡ƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆͳ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘ͳǫ
ʹ
ͳ

PPF177
4. ‘’‡Ǧ–—„‡‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘” ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ ‘–ƒ‹•‡” —”›Ǥ ˆʹ͹Ǥʹ ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡” ‘Ž—‹•’‘—”‡†‹–‘
‘‡Ž‹„‘ˆ–Š‡–—„‡ǡŠ‘™Š‹‰Š†‘‡•–Š‡‡” —”›•—”ˆƒ ‡”‹•‡‹–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ž‹„ˆ”‘‹–•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žǫ
ȏU™ αͳ‰Ȁ ͵ƒ†U ‰ αͳ͵Ǥ͸‰Ȁ ͵Ȑ
PPF178

[ 218 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
5.  ‡”–ƒ‹„Ž‘ ™‡‹‰Š•ͳͷ‹ƒ‹”ǡͳʹ‹™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡‹‡”•‡†‹ƒ‘–Š‡”Ž‹“—‹†ǡ‹–™‡‹‰Š•
ͳ͵ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆȋ‹Ȍ–Š‡„Ž‘ ȋ‹‹Ȍ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
PPF179
6. „Ž‘ ‘ˆ™‘‘†ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹™ƒ–‡”™‹–Š–™‘Ǧ–Š‹”†‘ˆ‹–•˜‘Ž—‡•—„‡”‰‡†ǤŠ‡„Ž‘ ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹‘‹Ž
™‹–ŠͲǤͻͲ‘ˆ‹–•˜‘Ž—‡•—„‡”‰‡†Ǥ ‹†–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆȋ‹Ȍ™‘‘†ƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ‘‹ŽǤ‡•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•
ͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵Ǥ
PPF180
7. ͹ͲͲ‰•‘Ž‹† —„‡Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ‡†‰‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͳͲ ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹™ƒ–‡”ǤŠƒ–˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‡‹•
‘—–•‹†‡™ƒ–‡”ǫ
PPF181
8. ˆƒ„Ž‘ ‘ˆ‹”‘‘ˆ†‡•‹–›ͷ‰Ȁ  ƒ†•‹œ‡ͷ έͷ έͷ ™ƒ•™‡‹‰Š‡†™Š‹Ž•– ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›
͵

•—„‡”‰‡†‹™ƒ–‡”ǡ™Šƒ–™‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡ƒ’’ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–‹‰Ȃ ˆȋ‰”ƒǦˆ‘” ‡Ȍǫ

PPF182

Types of Fluid flow

Steady flow
–‡ƒ†›ˆŽ‘™‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Šƒ––›’‡‘ˆˆŽ‘™‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡™‹–Š–‹‡Ǥ
Š‡ˆŽ—‹†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–•‘‡‘–Š‡”’‘‹–Ǥ
•–‡ƒ†›ˆŽ‘™ƒŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šƒ‰‹˜‡’‘‹–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡•ƒ‡’ƒ–Šƒ†Š‡ ‡ƒ—‹“—‡Ž‹‡
‘ˆˆŽ‘™Ǥ
Š‹•Ž‹‡‘”’ƒ–Š‹• ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡Ǥ–”‡ƒŽ‹‡•†‘‘–‹–‡”•‡ –‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡›†‘•‘ƒ›’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ƒ–
–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘ ƒ‘˜‡‹‡‹–Š‡”†‹”‡ –‹‘•ƒ† ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›–Š‡ˆŽ‘™ ƒ‘–„‡•–‡ƒ†›Ǥ
Laminar and Turbulent flow
ƒ‹ƒ”ˆŽ‘™‹•–Š‡ˆŽ‘™‹™Š‹ ŠˆŽ—‹†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡ƒŽ‘‰™‡ŽŽǦ†‡ˆ‹‡†•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–
ƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡ŽǤ Žƒ‹ƒ”ˆŽ‘™–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘‹–•‹–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†ƒ›Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‰‹–—†‡•ǡ
„—––Š‡‹”†‹”‡ –‹‘•ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡ŽǤŠ—•–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡‹Žƒ‹ƒ‡‘”Žƒ›‡”••Ž‹†‹‰•‘‘–ŠŽ›‘˜‡”–Š‡
ƒ†Œƒ ‡–Žƒ›‡”Ǥ—”„—Ž‡–ˆŽ‘™‹•ƒ‹””‡‰—Žƒ”ˆŽ‘™‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘˜‡‹œ‹‰Ǧœƒ‰™ƒ›†—‡–‘™Š‹ Š
‡††›ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–ƒ‡’Žƒ ‡™Š‹ Šƒ”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”Š‹‰Š‡‡”‰›Ž‘••‡•Ǥ
Rotational and Irrotational flow
‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆŽ‘™‹•–Š‡ˆŽ‘™‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•™Š‹Ž‡ˆŽ‘™‹‰ƒŽ‘‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ–ŠǦŽ‹‡•ƒŽ•‘”‘–ƒ–‡
ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”‘™ƒš‡•Ǥ ‹””‘–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆŽ‘™–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•†‘‘–”‘–ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”ƒš‡•Ǥ
Equation of Continuity

ͳ ˜ͳ ʹ ˜ʹ

˜ʹ'–

˜ͳ'–

[Link] [ 219 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ȋ‹Ȍ Š‡ ‘–‹—‹–›‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•–Š‡ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ™‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‹ˆŽ—‹†
†›ƒ‹ •Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ –Š‡•–‡ƒ†›ˆŽ‘™ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†‡–‡”‹‰‹–‘ƒ–—„‡‘ˆˆŽ‘™‹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”–‹‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‹•‡“—ƒŽ
–‘–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆˆŽ—‹†Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡–—„‡Ǥ
'ͳ 'ʹ
‘” Uͳͳ˜ͳ αUʹʹ˜ʹ
'– '–
ˆ‘”‹ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ˆŽ—‹†Uͳ αUʹ
‘” ͳ˜ͳ αʹ˜ʹ ‘” ˜α ‘•–ƒ–
†
‘Ž—‡ˆŽ—šαƒ–‡‘ˆˆŽ‘™α‘Ž—‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹‰’‡”•‡ ‘†  ˜
†–
‹–”‡ 
‹–‘ˆȋȌǢ ͵Ȁ•‘” ‘”
•‡ •
Illustration 24
ƒ–‡”ˆ”‘ƒ–ƒ’‡‡”‰‡•˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›†‘™™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†
‘ˆ ͵ Ȁ•‡ Ǥ Š‡ ”‘•• •‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –ƒ’ ‹• ʹʹǤ ••—‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡
’”‡••—”‡‹• ‘•–ƒ––Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡•–”‡ƒ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡ˆŽ‘™
‹••–‡ƒ†›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ ”‘•••‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ•–”‡ƒͺͲ „‡Ž‘™–Š‡–ƒ’Ǥ ͳαʹʹ
ȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ Š α ͲǤͺ ͳ α͵Ȁ•‡
Solution:
ʹ αǫ
›͵”† ‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘–‹‘
˜ʹ α—ʹ Ϊʹƒ• ʹ
˜ ʹʹ αȋ͵Ȍʹ ΪʹȋͳͲȌȋͲǤͺȌ
˜ʹαͷȀ•‡
›‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–‹—‹–›o
ͳ˜ͳ αʹ˜ʹ
͸
ȋʹȌȋ͵ȌαȋʹȌȋͷȌ Ÿ ʹ ͳǤʹʹ
ͷ
Bernoulli's Theorem
 ‘”†‹‰–‘‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•Š‡‘”‡ǡ‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ•–‡ƒ†›ˆŽ‘™‘ˆ‹ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ƒ†‘Ǧ˜‹• ‘—•ˆŽ—‹†–Š”‘—‰Š
ƒ–—„‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘” ”‘•••‡ –‹‘–Š‡–Š‡•—‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡••—”‡‡‡”‰›’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡ǡ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
‡‡”‰› ’‡” —‹– ˜‘Ž—‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹‡–‹  ‡‡”‰› ’‡” —‹– ˜‘Ž—‡ ‹••ƒ‡ ƒ– ‡˜‡”› ’‘‹– ‹ –Š‡ –—„‡ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ
ͳ
  U‰Š  U˜ ʹ α ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
ʹ

ʹ
ʹ
˜ʹ


ͳ Šʹ
˜ͳ
ͳ
Šͳ

[ 220 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Š‹•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•–Š‡‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•‡“—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡š’”‡••‡•’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹
ƒ•‡‘ˆ‘˜‹‰ˆŽ—‹†•Ǥ
Š‡•—‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡‡‡”‰›ǡ‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ƒ†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡”‡ƒ‹• ‘•–ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰
ƒ•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡‹ƒ‹†‡ƒŽˆŽ—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ
ͳ
Ϊ U˜ʹ ΪU‰Šα ‘•–ƒ– ȋ‡”‰›’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡Ȍ
ʹ
 ˜ʹ
”  Ϊ‰Šα ‘•–ƒ– ȋ‡”‰›’‡”—‹–ƒ••Ȍ
U ʹ

 ˜ʹ
”  ΪŠα ‘•–ƒ– ȋ‡”‰›’‡”—‹–™‡‹‰Š–Ȍ
U‰ ʹ‰
 ˜ʹ
–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡’”‡••—”‡Š‡ƒ†ǡ ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Š‡ƒ†ƒ†Š‹• ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡
U‰ ʹ‰
‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȀ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŠ‡ƒ†Ǥ
Illustration 25
ƒ–‡”‹•‘˜‹‰™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆͷȀ•‡ –Š”‘—‰Šƒ’‹’‡™‹–Š ”‘•• ͳ
•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆͶ ʹǤŠ‡™ƒ–‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ›†‡• ‡†•ͳͲƒ•–Š‡ ͳ
’‹’‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹ƒ”‡ƒ–‘ͷ ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡’”‡••—”‡ƒ––Š‡—’’‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž‹•
ʹƒ––Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡’”‡••—”‡ƒ–Ž‘™‡”Ž‡˜‡ŽǤȋ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ ʹ
Solution: Šͳ
ʹ
‹˜‡Ǧ ͳ αͶ ʹǡʹ αͷ ʹ
Šʹ
Šͳ Ȃ Šʹ αͳͲ
˜ͳ αͷȀ•‡
”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–‹—‹–›o
ͳ˜ͳ αʹ˜ʹ
ȋͶȌȋͷȌαȋͷȌ˜ʹ Ÿ ˜ʹ α ͶȀ•‡
’’Ž›‹‰‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡Ȃ
ͳ ͳ
ͳ  U˜ͳʹ  U‰Šͳ ʹ  U˜ʹʹ  U‰Šʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ
ʹ ͳ  Uȋ˜ͳʹ  ˜ʹʹ Ȍ  U‰ȋŠͳ  Šʹ Ȍ
ʹ
ͳ
ʹ ȋʹ u ͳͲͷ Ȍ  ȋͳͲ͵ Ȍȋͷʹ  Ͷʹ Ȍ  ȋͳͲ͵ ȌȋͳͲȌȋͳͲȌ αʹέͳͲͷ ΪͶǤͷέͳͲ͵ ΪͳέͳͲͷ α͵ǤͲͶͷƒ–
ʹ
Torricelli's law
Speed of Efflux
••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡••‡Ž 

‹•˜‡”›Žƒ”‰‡ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Šƒ–‘”‹ˆ‹ ‡ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡•’‡‡†
‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™ƒ–‹•œ‡”‘‹Ǥ‡Ǥ˜ | ͲǤŠ‡ˆŽ—‹†ƒ–•‡ –‹‘•ƒ† Š
 ƒ”‡ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ’”‡••—”‡  ȋƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹  ’”‡••—”‡ȌǤ

’’Ž›‹‰‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡ƒ–ƒ†Ǥ 
ȂŠ
ͳ ͳ
Ͳ  U‰  U˜ ʹ Ͳ  U‰ȋ  ŠȌ  U˜ ʹ
ʹ ʹ

[Link] [ 221 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ͳ ʹ
‘” U˜  U‰Š ‘” ˜ ʹ‰Š
ʹ
Š‹•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹••ƒ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ “—‹”‡†„›ƒˆ”‡‡Ž›ˆƒŽŽ‹‰„‘†›ƒˆ–‡”ˆƒŽŽ‹‰–Š”‘—‰ŠŠŠ‡‹‰Š–
ƒ†‹•‘™ƒ•Torricelli's lawǤ
”‹–‹‰–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘”Ž›ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‡†‘–‹‘‹–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘
ͳ ͳ
 Š Ͳ  ‰– ʹȋˆ”‘ •› —› –  ƒ › – ʹ Ȍ
ʹ ʹ
ʹȋ  ŠȌ
Ÿ – ǡ–α–‹‡‘ˆˆŽ‹‰Š–ƒ•‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ’”‘Œ‡ –‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡–‘’‘ˆƒ–‘™‡”Ǥ
‰

ʹȋ  ŠȌ
‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ”ƒ‰‡  ˜ š – ʹ‰Š u ‘”  ʹ Šȋ  ŠȌ
‰

ƒ‰‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒš‹—™Š‡ Šα Ȃ Š ‘” Š
ʹ

? ª º
 ƒš ʹ  »
ʹ «¬ ʹ¼
Reaction force on vessel
›‡™–‘̵•–Š‹”†Žƒ™Ȃ
§ † · †ȋUȌ †
˜¨ ¸ ˜ ˜U α˜Uȋ˜Ȍ
© †– ¹ †– †–

U˜ʹ
Illustration 26
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•ƒŽŽŠ‘Ž‡•‘–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ–ƒ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ƒŽ‹“—‹†ǤŠ‡–ƒ‹•‘’‡ƒ–
–Š‡–‘’ǤŠ‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹Š‡‹‰Š–•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Š‘Ž‡•‹•ŠǤ ‹†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ”‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†
ˆŽ‘™‹‰‘—–‘ˆ˜‡••‡ŽǤ
Solution:
‡–”‡ƒ –‹‘ˆ‘” ‡
Š
α Ȃ  Š

Š
 Uƒ ˜ʹ  ˜ʹ

 Uƒȋʹ‰Š  ʹ‰Š Ȍ αʹUƒ‰Š
Illustration 27
 ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ–ƒͳ‹”ƒ†‹—•”‡•–•‘ƒ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ͳͲŠ‹‰ŠǤ ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡
ͳͲ
–ƒ‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š™ƒ–‡”–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͳͲǤ •ƒŽŽ’Ž—‰™Š‘•‡ƒ”‡ƒ‹•
ͳͲȂͶ ʹ ‹•”‡‘˜‡†ˆ”‘ƒ‘”‹ˆ‹ ‡Ž‘ ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒƒ––Š‡
„‘––‘ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ǣ ͳͲ
ȋ‹Ȍ‹‹–‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†™‹–Š™Š‹ Š™ƒ–‡”ˆŽ‘™•‘—–ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”‹ˆ‹ ‡
ˆŽ‘™•
ȋ‹‹Ȍ‹‹–‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†™‹–Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡™ƒ–‡”•–”‹‡•–Š‡‰”‘—†Ǥ

[ 222 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Solution: 
ȋ‹Ȍ ’’Ž›‹‰ ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵• –Š‡‘”‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ†
ŠαͳͲ
–Š‡‘”‹ˆ‹ ‡ǡ  ˜
ͳ ͳ
Ͳ  UȋͲȌʹ  U‰Š Ͳ  U˜ ʹ  U‰ȋͲȌ
ʹ ʹ αͳͲ
ͳ ʹ
U‰Š U˜ Ǣ˜ ʹ‰Š ʹ u ͳͲ u ͳͲ ͳͲ ʹ  Ȁ •
ʹ ˜̵
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‡–˜̵„‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š™Š‹ Š–Š‡™ƒ–‡”•–”‹‡•–Š‡‰”‘—†
Š‡ǡƒ’’Ž›‹‰‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒƒ†–Š‡‰”‘—†Ž‡˜‡Žǡ™‡‰‡–
˜̵ ʹ‰ȋ  ŠȌ ʹ u ͳͲ u ʹͲ ʹͲ Ȁ •

Venturimeter
‡–—”‹‡–‡”‹•—•‡†–‘‡ƒ•—”‡–Š‡ˆŽ‘™˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‹ƒ‹ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ˆŽ—‹†Ǥ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡‹ˆͳ ƒ†
ʹ ƒ”‡–Š‡’”‡••—”‡•ƒ†˜ͳ ƒ†˜ʹ ƒ”‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†‘ˆ†‡•‹–›U ƒ–’‘‹–•ͳƒ†ʹ‘–Š‡•ƒ‡
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žƒ†ͳ ƒ†ʹ „‡–Š‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ƒ”‡ƒ•ǡ–Š‡ˆ”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–‹—‹–›
’Ͳ ’Ͳ

˜ͳ ˜ʹ
ͳ
ʹ

ª ͳ º
ͳ˜ͳ αʹ˜ʹ ‘” ˜ ʹ « » ˜ͳ ǥȋ‹Ȍ
¬ ʹ ¼
ͳ ͳ
”‘‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•‡“—ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽˆŽ‘™ǡ ͳ  U˜ ͳʹ ʹ  U˜ ʹʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ ª ʹ º
” ͳ  U˜ͳʹ ʹ  U « ͳʹ » ˜ͳʹ ȏˆ”‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹ȌȐ
ʹ ʹ ¬ ʹ ¼

ͳ ʹ ª ͳʹ º
” ͳ  ʹ U˜ͳ « ʹ  ͳ»
ʹ ¬ ʹ ¼
—–ͳ Ȃ ʹ αU‰Šȏ' †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹Š‡‹‰Š–•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡•‹–Š‡–™‘ƒ”•‹•ŠȐ

ͳ ʹ ª ͳʹ º
? U‰Š U˜ͳ « ʹ  ͳ»
ʹ ¬ ʹ ¼
ͳ

ª ͳʹ º ʹ
ʹ‰Š
? ˜ͳ ʹ‰Š « ʹ  ͳ» ʹ
¬ ʹ ¼   ʹʹ
ʹ
ͳ

ʹ‰Š
ˆ„‡–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹‰’‡”—‹––‹‡–Š‡  ͳ ˜ͳ  ʹ ˜ ʹ ͳ  ʹ
  ʹʹ
ʹ
ͳ

Š—•ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–™Š‡”‡–Š‡ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ‹••ƒŽŽ‡”˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”ƒ†’”‡••—”‡‹•Ž‘™‡”ƒ†˜‹ ‡

˜‡”•ƒǤ

[Link] [ 223 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 28
Š
Ž‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™•–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—„‡ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†
‹–Š‡–™‘•‡ –‹‘•ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ˜‡ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ͳ ƒ†ʹǡƒ”‡ ͳ ʹ
˜ͳ
˜ͳ ƒ†˜ʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹–Š‡ ˜ʹ
–™‘˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ–—„‡•‹•h
ȋͳȌ Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡–—„‡‹—‹––‹‡‹•ͳ˜ͳ
ȋʹȌ ˜ʹ  ˜ͳ ʹ‰Š

ȋ͵Ȍ ˜ ʹʹ  ˜ͳʹ ʹ‰Š

ȋͶȌ Š‡‡‡”‰›’‡”—‹–ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡‹„‘–Š•‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡–—„‡
Solution: ȋͳǡ͵ǡͶȌ
 ‘”†‹‰–‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘–‹—‹–›–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡–—„‡‹—‹––‹‡”‡ƒ‹•
‘•–ƒ–i.e. A1v1 A2 v2 , Š‡ ‡‘’–‹‘ȋͳȌ‹• ‘””‡ –
 ‘”†‹‰–‘‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡ǡ
ͳ ͳ
ͳ  U˜ ͳʹ ʹ  U˜ ʹʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ ͳ
Ÿ ͳ  ʹ U ˜ ʹʹ  ˜ ͳʹ Ÿ ŠU‰ U ˜ ʹʹ  ˜ ͳʹ
ʹ ʹ
? ˜ ʹ  ˜ ͳ ʹ‰Š
ʹ ʹ

‡ ‡‘’–‹‘ȋ͵Ȍ‹• ‘””‡ –Ǥ
Ž•‘ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡‘’–‹‘ȋͶȌ‹• ‘””‡ –
Dynamic Lift
Aerofoil
Š‹•‹•ƒ•–”— –—”‡™Š‹ Š‹••Šƒ’‡†‹•— Šƒ™ƒ›•‘–Šƒ–‹–•‘–‹‘”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡–‘ƒˆŽ—‹†’”‘†— ‡•ƒˆ‘” ‡
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡ˆŽ‘™Ǥ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡–Š‡•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‡”‘ˆ‘‹Ž•‡ –‹‘ ƒ—•‡•–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†–‘ˆŽ‘™
ˆƒ•–‡”‘˜‡” –Š‡ –‘’ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –Šƒ „‡Ž‘™ –Š‡ „‘––‘ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –Š‡ •–”‡ƒŽ‹‡• ƒ”‡ Ž‘•‡”ƒ„‘˜‡ –Šƒ „‡Ž‘™ –Š‡
ƒ‡”‘ˆ‘‹ŽǤ›‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡–Š‡’”‡••—”‡ƒ–ƒ„‘˜‡”‡†— ‡†™Š‡”‡ƒ•–Šƒ–—†‡”‡ƒ–Š‹–‰‡–•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ
Š—•ǡƒ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–—’™ƒ”†–Š”—•–‹•‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†‘”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ˆŽ‘™ƒ†‹–‹•–Š‹•ˆ‘” ‡™Š‹ Š’”‘˜‹†‡•‘•–‘ˆ
–Š‡—’™ƒ”†Ž‹ˆ–ˆ‘”ƒƒ‡”‘’Žƒ‡Ǥ
šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆƒ‡”‘ˆ‘‹Ž•ƒ”‡ƒ‹” ”ƒˆ–™‹‰•ǡ–—”„‹‡„Žƒ†‡•ƒ†’”‘’‡ŽŽ‡”•Ǥ
’’Ž›‹‰‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡„‡–™‡‡—’’‡”ƒ†„‘––‘•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ‡”‘ˆ‘‹ŽǤ
ͳ ͳ ˜ʹn ʹp Š‹‰Š•’‡‡†ǡ‡†— ‡†”‡••—”‡
ͳ  U˜ͳʹ ʹ  U˜ʹʹ
ʹ ʹ
ͳ
Ÿ ͳ  ʹ Uƒ‹” ˜ʹʹ  ˜ͳʹ
ʹ ‡”‘ˆ‘‹Ž
‡–—’™ƒ”†Ž‹ˆ–‹‰ˆ‘” ‡
ͳ
ȋͳ  ʹ Ȍ Uƒ‹”  ˜ʹʹ  ˜ͳʹ ͳp ͳn Ž‘™•’‡‡†ǡ”‡••—”‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†
ʹ

[ 224 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Conceptual Applications of Bernoulli's Theory
Magnus Effect (Observed in a Spinning Ball)
‡‹•ƒ† ”‹ ‡–’Žƒ›‡”•—•—ƒŽŽ›‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡–Šƒ–™Š‡ƒ„ƒŽŽ‹•–Š”‘™•’‹‹‰ǡ‹–‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ —”˜‡†
’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‹•‹• ƒŽŽ‡†•™‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽǤŠ‹•‹•†—‡–‘–Š‡ƒ‹” ‘” ‡‘„ƒŽŽ ’‡‡†‘ˆƒ‹”ˆŽ‘™
™Š‹ Š‹•„‡‹‰†”ƒ‰‰‡†”‘—†„›–Š‡•’‹‹‰„ƒŽŽǤŠ‡ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
–Š‡„ƒŽŽ•’‹•ǡ–Š‡Žƒ›‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹”ƒ”‘—†‹–ƒŽ•‘‘˜‡•™‹–Š ? ’”‡••—”‡”‡†— ‡•
–Š‡„ƒŽŽǤ‘ǡƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ‹”
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•‘–Š‡—’’‡”•‹†‡ƒ†”‡†— ‡•‘–Š‡Ž‘™‡”•‹†‡Ǥ •’‹
‡ ‡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵• –Š‡‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ ‘
–Š‡—’’‡”•‹†‡„‡ ‘‡•Ž‘™‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘–Š‡Ž‘™‡”•‹†‡Ǥ
Š‹•’”‡••—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‡š‡”–•ƒˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡„ƒŽŽ†—‡–‘ ’‡‡†‘ˆƒ‹”ˆŽ‘™†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
™Š‹ Š‹–‘˜‡•ƒŽ‘‰ƒ —”˜‡†’ƒ–ŠǤŠ‹•‡ˆˆ‡ –‹•‘™ƒ• ? ’”‡••—”‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ƒ‰—•Ǧ‡ˆˆ‡ –Ǥ
Sprayer or Atomizer
Š‹• ‹• ƒ ‹•–”—‡– —•‡† –‘ •’”ƒ› ƒ Ž‹“—‹† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ •’”ƒ›
†”‘’Ž‡–•ȋˆ‹‡•’”ƒ›ȌǤ – ‘•‹•–•‘ˆƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ–—„‡™Š‘•‡Ž‘™‡”‡†‹•
†‹’’‡†‹–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†–‘„‡•’”ƒ›‡†ǡˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹ƒ˜‡••‡ŽǤŠ‡—’’‡”‡†
‘’‡•‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—„‡Ǥ–‘‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—„‡–Š‡”‡‹• —„„‡” ƒ‹”ˆŽ‘™‹‰‘—–
„—Ž„ ™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ƒ”—„„‡”„—Ž„ƒ†–Š‡‘–Š‡”‡†Šƒ•‹•ƒˆ‹‡„‘”‡ȋŠ‘Ž‡ȌǤŠ‡–Š‡
”—„„‡”„—Ž„‹••“—‡‡œ‡†ǡƒ‹””—•Š‡•‘—––Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—„‡
™‹–Š˜‡”›Š‹‰Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ†–Š—•–Š‡’”‡••—”‡”‡†— ‡•ȋƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘
‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡ȌǤ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹–Š‡˜‡••‡Ž”‹•‡•—’
ƒ†‹š‡•™‹–Šƒ‹”‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•™Š‹ Š‰‡–•‡Œ‡ –‡†‹
–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒˆ‹‡•’”ƒ›Ǥ
Example: ’ƒ‹–‰—•ǡ’‡”ˆ—‡‘”†‡‘†‘”ƒ–•’”ƒ›‡”ǡ‡– Ǥ
Motion of the Ping-Pong Ball
Š‡ƒ’‹‰Ǧ’‘‰„ƒŽŽ‹•’Žƒ ‡†‘ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ•–”‡ƒ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǧˆ‘—–ƒ‹ǡ‹–”‹•‡•—’–‘ƒ
‡”–ƒ‹Š‡‹‰Š–ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‘œœŽ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—–ƒ‹ƒ†•’‹•ƒ„‘—–‹–•ƒš‹•ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ•‘ ƒ‹”
ˆ‘”–Š‹•‹•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹”•–”‡ƒ•‘ˆ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡—’ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆ‘—–ƒ‹™‹–ŠŽƒ”‰‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
•‘–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹”Ǧ’”‡••—”‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ™Š‡‡˜‡”–Š‡„ƒŽŽ–‡†•–‘ˆƒŽŽ‘—–ˆ”‘
–Š‡•–”‡ƒǡ–Š‡‘—–‡”ƒ‹”™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ–ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡’—•Š‡•‹–„ƒ ‹–‘–Š‡
•–”‡ƒȋ‹–Š‡”‡‰‹‘‘ˆŽ‘™’”‡••—”‡ȌǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ”‡ƒ‹•‘”‡‘”Ž‡•••–ƒ„Ž‡‹
–Š‡ˆ‘—–ƒ‹Ǥ
Blowing-off of Tin Roof Tops in Wind Storm
Š‡™‹†„Ž‘™•™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ„‘˜‡ƒ–‹”‘‘ˆǡ‹– ƒ—•‡•Ž‘™‡”‹‰‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡”‘‘ˆǡ™Š‹Ž‡
–Š‡’”‡••—”‡„‡Ž‘™–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‹••–‹ŽŽƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‹•’”‡••—”‡Ǧ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‹•Ž‹ˆ–‡†—’ƒ†‹•
„Ž‘™ƒ™ƒ›†—”‹‰•–‘”•Ǥ
’
˜Žƒ”‰‡
™‹† •‘’δ’Ͳ
’Ͳ

[Link] [ 225 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Pull-in or Attraction Force by Fast Moving Trains
ˆ™‡ƒ”‡•–ƒ†‹‰‘ƒ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒ–”ƒ‹’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’Žƒ–ˆ‘”™‹–Š˜‡”›Š‹‰Š•’‡‡†™‡ƒ”‡’—ŽŽ‡†
–‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ –”ƒ‹Ǥ Š‹• ‹• „‡ ƒ—•‡ ƒ• –Š‡ –”ƒ‹ ‘˜‡• ƒ– Š‹‰Š •’‡‡†ǡ –Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ Ž‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡ –”ƒ‹
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹”ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡–”ƒ‹™Š‹ Š‹••–‹ŽŽƒ–ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡’—•Š‡•—•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡
–”ƒ‹ǤŠ‡”‡ƒ•‘„‡Š‹†ˆŽ›‹‰Ǧ‘ˆˆ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ’ƒ’‡”•ǡ•–”ƒ™•ƒ†‘–Š‡”Ž‹‰Š–‘„Œ‡ –•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡–”ƒ‹‹•ƒŽ•‘
–Š‡•ƒ‡Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-4
1. ‹ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡Ž‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™•ƒ••Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡•’‡‡†˜‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†‹–Š‡
Ž‘™‡”„”ƒ ŠǤ
ͲǤͳʹʹ ͵Ȁ• ͲǤͳʹʹ ͳǤͷȀ•

PPF183
2. Š‘Ž‡‹•ƒ†‡‹ƒ˜‡••‡Ž ‘–ƒ‹‹‰™ƒ–‡”ƒ–ƒ†‡’–Š‘ˆ͵Ǥʹ„‡Ž‘™–Š‡ˆ”‡‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠƒ–
™‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ‡ˆˆŽ—šǫ
PPF184
3. ƒ–‡”ˆŽ‘™•‹ƒŠ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ–—„‡ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡’”‡••—”‡‘ˆ 
™ƒ–‡” Šƒ‰‡• „› ͸ͲͲ Ȁʹ „‡–™‡‡  ƒ†  ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ 
”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒ”‡͵Ͳ  ƒ†ͳͷ  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ
ʹ ʹ

ˆŽ‘™‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡–—„‡Ǥ
PPF185

Molecular Theory of Surface Tension

—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‹• „ƒ•‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒ ’”‘’‡”–› ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† •—”ˆƒ ‡ „‡Šƒ˜‡• Ž‹‡ ƒ •–”‡– Š‡† ‡Žƒ•–‹ 
‡„”ƒ‡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ• ƒ ƒ–—”ƒŽ –‡†‡ › –‘ ‘–”ƒ – ƒ† –‡†• –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‹‹— ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ƒ”‡ƒǤŠ‹•
’”‘’‡”–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹• ƒŽŽ‡†•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
Intermolecular forces
‘” ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘ ‘” ”‡’—Ž•‹‘ ƒ –‹‰ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ‘™ ƒ• ‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” ˆ‘” ‡•Ǥ Š‡
ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡‹•‡Ž‡ –”‘ƒ‰‡–‹ Ǥ
Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘–›’‡•‘ˆ‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ––”ƒ –‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡•Ǥ
Cohesive Force
Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆƒ––”ƒ –‹‘ƒ –‹‰„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ• ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
šǤǣˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰„‡–™‡‡™ƒ–‡”‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ǡ ‰‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•Ǥ
Adhesive Force
Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆƒ––”ƒ –‹‘ƒ –‹‰„‡–™‡‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‘ˆ–™‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
šǤǣ ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‘ˆ’ƒ’‡”ƒ†‹ǡ„Žƒ „‘ƒ”†ƒ† ŠƒŽ‡– Ǥ
Ȉ –‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹–Š‡•‡•‡–Šƒ––Š‡ˆ‘”‡”†‘‡•‘–
‘„‡›‹˜‡”•‡Ǧ •“—ƒ”‡Žƒ™Ǥ
Ȉ Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡—’–‘™Š‹ Š–Š‡•‡ˆ‘” ‡•”‡ƒ‹•‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ǡ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‘Ž‡ —Žƒ””ƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹•†‹•–ƒ ‡‹•
‡ƒ”Ž›ͳͲȂͻ Ǥ‹–Š‹–Š‹•Ž‹‹––Š‡ˆ‘” ‡•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•˜‡”›”ƒ’‹†Ž›ƒ•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
Ȉ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ””ƒ‰‡†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—„•–ƒ ‡Ǥ
[ 226 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Explanation of Surface Tension
ƒ’Žƒ ‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ‹–‡”‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ˆ‘” ‡•Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘
Š‹•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•ƒ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”’Š‡‘‡‘ƒ†‹–•”‘‘– ƒ—•‡‹•‡Ž‡ –”‘ƒ‰‡–‹ ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ ‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†
–Š‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ƒ•†‡• ”‹„‡†„‡Ž‘™Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–™‘‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‹•Ž‡••–Šƒ–Š‡
‘Ž‡ —Žƒ””ƒ‰‡ ȋ|ͳͲȂͻ Ȍ–Š‡–Š‡›ƒ––”ƒ –‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǡ„—–‹ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‹•‘”‡–Šƒ–Š‹•ǡ–Š‡ƒ––”ƒ –‹‘
„‡ ‘‡•‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡Ǥ ˆƒ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•™‹–Šƒ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡ƒ– ‹“—‹†
 •—”ˆƒ ‡
‡–”‡ ‹• †”ƒ™ǡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› –Š‘•‡ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ™Š‹ Š ƒ”‡ 

‡ Ž‘•‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‹••’Š‡”‡ ƒƒ––”ƒ –‘”„‡ƒ––”ƒ –‡†„›–Š‡   
‡–†‘™™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡
‘Ž‡ —Ž‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ‡–”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •’Š‡”‡Ǥ Š‹• •’Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† ‡”‘”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡
•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ –‹˜‹–›‘”•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡Ǥ ‘”†‡” 

–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡–‡•‹‘ƒ –‹‰ƒ––Š‡ˆ”‡‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ǡ
Ž‡–—• ‘•‹†‡”ˆ‘—”Ž‹“—‹†‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ǡǡƒ†ƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š–Š‡‹”•’Š‡”‡•‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ –‹˜‹–›Ǥ
ȋƒȌ  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ˆ‹‰—”‡•’Š‡”‡  ‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž› ‹•‹†‡ Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ ‘ǡ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡ ‹• ƒ––”ƒ –‡† ‡“—ƒŽŽ› ‹ ƒŽŽ
†‹”‡ –‹‘•ƒ†Š‡ ‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘œ‡”‘Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍ  ‘”†‹‰–‘ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡‹•Œ—•–„‡Ž‘™–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ‘”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ‘Š‡•‹˜‡
ˆ‘” ‡‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘œ‡”‘Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡™Š‹ Š‹•ƒŽ‹––Ž‡„‡Ž‘™–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ƒ––”ƒ –‡††‘™™ƒ”†•†—‡–‘‡š ‡••‘ˆ
‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•’”‡•‡–„‡Ž‘™Ǥ ‡ ‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ –‹‰†‘™™ƒ”†•Ǥ
ȋ†Ȍ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡‹••‹–—ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡•‘–Šƒ–‹–••’Š‡”‡‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ”ƒ –‹˜‹–›‹•ŠƒŽˆ‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†
ƒ† ŠƒŽˆ ‹•‹†‡Ǥ Ž› Ž‘™‡” ’‘”–‹‘ Šƒ• Ž‹“—‹† ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•Ǥ ‡ ‡ ‹– ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ƒ ƒš‹—
†‘™™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ—•ǡƒŽŽ–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡••‹–—ƒ–‡†„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ†ƒ’Žƒ‡ǡ†‹•–ƒ–
„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ƒ”‡•—Ž–ƒ–†‘™™ƒ”† ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
Š‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†”‹•‡–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ•
–Š‡•‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•”‡ƒ Š Ž‘•‡–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ™‘”‹•†‘‡ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡†‘™™ƒ”† ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ‹•™‘”
‹••–‘”‡†‹–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•Ž›‹‰
Ž‘•‡–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‹–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ•›•–‡‹•‹•–ƒ„Ž‡
‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—™Š‡‹–•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‹•‹‹—Ǥ ‡ ‡‹‘”†‡”–‘Šƒ˜‡‹‹—’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›–Š‡
Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡†•–‘Šƒ˜‡‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•Ǥ ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡƒ›•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡†•–‘ ‘–”ƒ –
–‘ƒ‹‹—’‘••‹„Ž‡ƒ”‡ƒǤŠ‹•–‡†‡ ›‹•‡šŠ‹„‹–‡†ƒ••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
Mathematical Formula of Surface Tension
Š‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰’‡”—‹–Ž‡‰–Š‘‘‡•‹†‡‘ˆƒ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”›Ž‹‡†”ƒ™‘
–Š‡ˆ”‡‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡ƒ†‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†
•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
‡–ƒ‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”›Ž‹‡„‡†”ƒ™‹ƒ›†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ƒŽ‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠ‡ 

•—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ ‡‹–Š‡” •‹†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• Ž‹‡ ‡š‡”–• ƒ ’—ŽŽ‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹•
’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” –‘ Ž‹‡ Ǥ ˆ ˆ‘” ‡ ‹•  ƒ† Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ  ‹•  –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡

–‡•‹‘ 

SI UNITS : Ȁƒ† Ȁʹ
CGS UNITS : †›‡Ȁ ƒ†‡”‰Ȁ ʹ
Dimensions : ȏͳͲ ȂʹȐ

[Link] [ 227 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 29
•–‹ ‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͷ ‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ‘‡•‹†‡‘ˆ‹–Šƒ••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ͹Ͳ†›‡Ȁ 
ƒ†‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”•‹†‡„›‡‡’‹‰ƒ’‹‡ ‡‘ˆ ƒ’Š‘”–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•”‡†— ‡†–‘ͷͲ†›‡Ȁ ǡ–Š‡
ˆ‹†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡ȋ‹†›‡Ȍƒ –‹‰ ‘–Š‡•–‹ Ǥ
Solution:
‡– α ͳ Ȃ ʹ αȋͳ Ȃ ʹȌ αȋ͹ͲȂ ͷͲȌͷ αͳͲͲ†›‡

Bodies on Liquid Surface

Floatation of bodies due to surface tension
ȋ‹Ȍ Š‡ƒ‡‡†Ž‡ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡–Š‡ʹ •‹T α‰

A•‹T
A•‹T
A A

T T
A ‘•T A ‘•T
‰

Special Case : -
ƒš‹—ƒ••‘ˆ‡‡†Ž‡™Š‹ Š ƒˆŽ‘ƒ–‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡
–Š‹• ƒ•‡Ȃ
T αͻͲι
? ʹ Ꮓš‰
ʹ
? ƒš
‰
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ˆ–Š‡‡‡†Ž‡‹•Ž‹ˆ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‡š ‡•• αʹ

A A

‹‹—ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡† ‹ α‰Ϊʹ

ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ•“—ƒ”‡ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆ•‹†‡
‡š ‡•• αͺέ

ȋ‹˜Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ•“—ƒ”‡Žƒ‹ƒ‘ˆ•‹†‡

‡š ‡•• αͶέ

[ 228 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
ȋ˜Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š ƒ†™‹†–Š„
‡š ‡•• αͶȋ Ϊ„Ȍ

ȋ˜‹Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”Žƒ‹ƒ‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š ƒ†™‹†–Š„

‡š ‡•• αʹȋ Ϊ„Ȍ

ȋ˜‹‹Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”–Š‹ ”‹‰ȋ‘”ƒ—Žƒ””‹‰ȌŠƒ˜‹‰‹–‡”ƒŽƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽ”ƒ†‹‹

”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ‹•†‹’’‡†‹ƒ†–ƒ‡‘—–ˆ”‘Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ ‡š ‡•• α ͳ Ϊ ʹ αȋʹS ”ͳȌΪȋʹS ”ʹȌ αʹSȋ”ͳ Ϊ”ʹȌǤ

”ʹ
”ͳ

ȋʹS”ʹȌ ȋʹS”ͳȌ

ȋ˜‹‹‹Ȍ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‹” —Žƒ””‹‰ȋ”ͳ α”ʹ α”Ȍ

‡š ‡•• αʹS ȋ”Ϊ”ȌαͶS”Ǥ

ȋʹS”Ȍ ȋʹS”Ȍ

ȋ‹šȌ ‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‹” —Žƒ”†‹• ȋ”ͳ αͲǡ”ʹ α”Ȍ
‡š ‡•• αʹS”

ȋʹS”Ȍ

Dependency of Surface Tension

• On Cohesive Force
Š‘•‡ˆƒ –‘”•™Š‹ Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
ƒ†–Š‘•‡™Š‹ Š†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
• On Impurities
ˆ–Š‡‹’—”‹–›‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›•‘Ž—„Ž‡–Š‡‘†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰‹–‹–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ǡ‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘ †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ ‹‘‹  •ƒŽ–• ‹ •ƒŽŽ “—ƒ–‹–‹‡• ‹ ƒ Ž‹“—‹†ǡ ‹–• •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ ˆ –Š‡
‹’—”‹–›‹•’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›•‘Ž—„Ž‡‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†–Š‡‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•„‡ ƒ—•‡ƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡
„‡–™‡‡‹•‘Ž—„Ž‡‹’—”‹–›‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ƒ†Ž‹“—‹†‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ
‹š‹‰†‡–‡”‰‡–‹™ƒ–‡”‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
• On Temperature
‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ– ”‹–‹ ƒŽ–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ƒ†„‘‹Ž‹‰’‘‹–‹–
„‡ ‘‡•œ‡”‘Ǥ
Note : —”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ƒš‹—ƒ–ͶιǤ
• On Contamination
—•–’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•‘”Ž—„”‹ ƒ–‹‰ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ

[Link] [ 229 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Effects of surface tension
ȋ‹Ȍ ƒŽŽŽ‹“—‹††”‘’•ƒ†•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡•ƒ”‡•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽǤ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Š‡Šƒ‹”•‘ˆ–Š‡„”—•Š”‡ƒ‹•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”‹•‹†‡™ƒ–‡”ǡ„—–™Š‡–Š‡„”—•Š‹•–ƒ‡
‘—–ǡ–Š‡Šƒ‹”••–‹ –‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǥ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ Ž‘ƒ–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡‡†Ž‡‘™ƒ–‡”Ǥ
ȋ‹˜Ȍ ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‡ƒ†•Š‘–•Ǥ
ȋ˜Ȍ ‹”–› Ž‘–Š‡• „‡ ‘‡ Ž‡ƒ ‹ Š‘– †‡–‡”‰‡– •‘Ž—–‹‘ ‹ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ –‘ ’—”‡ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ– ”‘‘
–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
Illustration 30
Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ‡‡†Ž‡ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘™ƒ–‡”‹•ʹǤͷ ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’—ŽŽ–Š‡‡‡†Ž‡
‘—–‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥȏα͹ǤʹέͳͲȂʹ ȀȐ
Solution:
αȋʹ Ȍ αȋ͹ǤʹέͳͲȂʹȌȋʹέ ʹǤͷέ ͳͲȂʹȌα͵Ǥ͸έͳͲȂ͵ 
Illustration 31
‹†–Š‡ƒš‹—™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ‡‡†Ž‡™Š‹ Š ƒˆŽ‘ƒ–‘™ƒ–‡”Šƒ˜‹‰•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ͲǤͲͷȀǤ‡‰–Š‘ˆ‡‡†Ž‡
‹•ͳ Ǥ
Solution:
ƒš αʹ αʹȋͲǤͲͷȌȋͳέͳͲȂʹȌαͳέ ͳͲȂ͵ 
Illustration 32
ˆƒ•‘ƒ’ˆ‹Ž‹•ˆ‘”‡†‘–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—Ǥ
ͳͲ͵ 
—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ƒ’ •‘Ž—–‹‘ α ͷ u ‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ‘ƒ’ˆ‹Ž

ͷ ‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”
‰ ˆ”ƒ‡
ͳͲ
™‹”‡α S ͵ ǡ‰
 •ʹ
Solution:
‘˜ƒ„Ž‡™‹”‡
–‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—o ‰αʹ
UȋS”ʹ Ȍ‰αʹ
ʹ
”α αͳǤͶέͳͲȂʹ αͳǤͶ 
SU‰
Surface Energy
 ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ‘Ž‡ —Žƒ” –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ –Š‡ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ‘ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ Šƒ˜‡ ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ
‡‡”‰›†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”’‘•‹–‹‘ǤŠ‹•ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†̶—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›̶Ǥ
‡–ƒŽ‹“—‹†ˆ‹Ž„‡ˆ‘”‡†‘ƒ™‹”‡ˆ”ƒ‡ƒ†ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š  
ƒ •Ž‹†‡ ‘ –Š‹• ™‹”‡ ˆ”ƒ‡ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹Ž Šƒ• –™‘
•—”ˆƒ ‡•ƒ†„‘–Š–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡•ƒ”‡‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡•Ž‹†‹‰™‹”‡ƒ†
Š‡ ‡ǡ‡š‡”–ˆ‘” ‡•‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘‹–Ǥ ˆ„‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ‡ƒ Š•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ’—ŽŽ–Š‡ ™‹”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹–•‡Žˆ™‹–Šƒˆ‘” ‡ αʹA
 ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡‡–ˆ‘” ‡‘–Š‡™‹”‡†—‡–‘„‘–Š–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡•‹•ʹ Ǥ
’’Ž›ƒ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡ ‡“—ƒŽƒ†‘’’‘•‹–‡–‘‹––‘‡‡’–Š‡™‹”‡‹  
‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǤŠ—•ǡ αʹ
‘™ǡ •—’’‘•‡ –Š‡ ™‹”‡ ‹• ‘˜‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ •ƒŽŽ †‹•–ƒ ‡ †šǡ –Š‡ †š
™‘”†‘‡„›–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‹•
†α †šαȋʹ Ȍ†š A

[ 230 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
—–ȋʹ Ȍȋ†šȌ‹•–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ„‘–Š–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ŽǤ‡–‹–„‡†
–Š‡†α†Ÿ α†Ȁ†
Š—•ǡ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ ƒƒŽ•‘„‡†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡™‘”†‘‡‹‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ„›—‹–›Ǥ
—”–Š‡”ǡ•‹ ‡–Š‡”‡‹•‘ Šƒ‰‡‹‹‡–‹ ‡‡”‰›ǡ™‘”†‘‡„›–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‹••–‘”‡†ƒ•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
†
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Š‡‡™•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ  ȏƒ•†α†Ȑ
†
Special Cases
‘”†‘‡‹„Ž‘™‹‰‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ͳ –‘Žƒ”‰‡†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ʹǤ
αέο ‘”  ൌ  ൈ ሺͶɎ”ଶଶ Ȃ ͶɎ”ଵଶ ሻ ൌ ͶɎሺ”ଶଶ Ȃ ”ଵଶ ሻ
‘”†‘‡‹„Ž‘™‹‰‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ͳ –‘Žƒ”‰‡„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ʹǤ
αέο ‘”  ൌ  ൈ ʹ ൈ ሺͶɎ”ଶଶ Ȃ ͶɎ”ଵଶ ሻ ൌ ͺɎሺ”ଶଶ Ȃ ”ଵଶ ሻ
‘”†‘‡ȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›Ȍ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ǣǦ
αέο ൌ  ൈ ͶɎ” ଶ ൌ ͶɎ”ʹ
‘”†‘‡ȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›Ȍ‹„Ž‘™‹‰‘ˆƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”ǣǦ
αέο ൌ  ൈ ʹ ൈ ͶɎ” ଶ ൌ ͺɎ”ʹ
Splitting of big drop into smaller droplets
ˆ ƒ „‹‰ ƒ †”‘’ ‹• •’Ž‹– ‹–‘ •ƒŽŽ‡” †”‘’Ž‡–• –Š‡ ‹ –Š‹•
’”‘ ‡••˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ƒŽ™ƒ›•”‡ƒ‹ ‘•‡”˜‡†Ǥ‡––Š‡ ”
„‹‰†”‘’Šƒ˜‡ƒ”ƒ†‹—•Ǥ –‹••’Ž‹––‡†‹–‘•ƒŽŽ‡”†”‘’•‘ˆ
”ƒ†‹—•”–Š‡„› ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‘Ž—‡ 
֜
͵
Ͷ ͵ ªͶ º ª º 
ȋ‹Ȍ S  « S”͵ » Ÿ  « » Ÿ ” ͳ 
͵ ¬͵ ¼ ¬”¼
͵
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‹–‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒαͶɎʹ ƒ†ˆ‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒαȋͶS”ʹȌ
Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ”‡ƒ'αͶS”ʹ Ȃ ͶSʹ αͶS ȋ”ʹ Ȃ ʹȌǤ
Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›ƒ„•‘”„‡†‹Ǥ‡Ǥȟαˆ Ȃ ‹ αͶSȋ”ʹ Ȃ ʹȌ
‫‹‘‹•‡–‡ ƒˆ”—•–•‹ƒ‰ƒ‡‘†”‘™ˆ‘‡†—–‹‰ƒ ׵‬Ǥ‡ǤαͶSȋ”ʹ Ȃ ʹȌ
ª º ªͳ  º
αͶSȋ”ʹ Ȃ ʹȌαͶSʹ ȋͳȀ͵ Ȃ ͳȌαͶSʹ «  ͳ» Ÿ  ͶS ͵ «  »
¬” ¼ ¬”  ¼
‹–‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›‹ αͶSʹƒ†ˆ‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›ˆ αȋͶS”ʹȌ
ʹ
ȋǤȌˆ  ˆ ȋͶS”ʹ Ȍ §”·
¨ ¸
ȋǤȌ‹  ‹ ͶSʹ ©¹
ȋǤȌˆ § ͳ ·
 ¨ ʹȀ͵ ¸ ͳȀ͵
ȋǤȌ‹ © ¹
–Š‹•’”‘ ‡••ƒ”‡ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ‹–‡”ƒŽ‡‡”‰›†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡƒ†‡‡”‰›‹•ƒ„•‘”„‡†Ǥ
Ǥ Ǥ ՛՜ Ǥ Ǥ ՛՜ Ǥ Ǥ ՝՜ ‡’ ՝՜ ‡”‰›ԜԜ„•‘”„‡†
ªͳ ͳ º ͶS͵ ª ͳ ͳ º ͵ ª ͳ ͳ º
α •'T αͶS͵ «  » Ÿ 'T α
Ͷ ͵ «”  » 
U• «¬ ”  »¼
¬”  ¼ S U• ¬ ¼
͵
Š‡”‡U αŽ‹“—‹††‡•‹–›ǡ•α•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ Š‡ƒ–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ǡ α ‘—Ž‡̵• ‘•–ƒ–

[Link] [ 231 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Droplets are coalesce to form a big drop
ȁȁ αͶSʹ ȋͳȀ͵Ȃ ͳȌ
ȋǤȌˆ ͳ
ȋǤȌ‹  ͳȀ͵

Ǥ Ǥ ՝՜ Ǥ Ǥ ՝՜ Ǥ Ǥ ՛՜ ‡’ ՛՜ ‡”‰›ԜԜ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†
Š—•ǡ ‹ –Š‹• ’”‘ ‡•• •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‡‡”‰› †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ ‹–‡”ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ
–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡƒ†‡‡”‰›‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ
Illustration 33
ˆ™‘”†‘‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘†‹•’Žƒ ‡ƒ‘˜ƒ„Ž‡™‹”‡„›ʹ ‹•͸έͳͲȂͶ ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‘—–•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ƒ’
Solution: ‘ƒ’ˆ‹Ž ‘˜ƒ„Ž‡™‹”‡
αȋʹ'Ȍ
 ͸ u ͳͲͶ
Ÿ α α
ʹ' ʹȏʹͲ u ͳͲͶ  ͳʹ u ͳͲͶ Ȑ Ͷ 
͸ ͵
α αͲǤ͵͹ͷȀ
ʹu ͺ ͺ
͵ 
Illustration 34
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ ™‘” †‘‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ” ˆ‹Ž ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ˆ”‘ ȋͶ  έ ͷ Ȍ –‘
ȋͷ έ͸ ȌǤȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹•ͲǤ͵ȀȌ
Solution:
αȋʹ'Ȍ αͲǤ͵έʹέȋ͵ͲέͳͲȂͶ ȂʹͲέͳͲȂͶȌα͸έͳͲȂͶ
Illustration 35
ˆƒ„‹‰†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—••’‹––‡†‹–‘ʹ͹‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‘—–™‘”†‘‡‹–Š‹•’”‘ ‡••Ǥ
Solution:
αͶSʹȏͳȀ͵ȂͳȐ αͶSʹȏȋʹ͹ȌͳȀ͵ ȂͳȐαͺSʹ
Illustration 36
ˆƒ†”‘’‘ˆ‡” —”›Šƒ˜‹‰”ƒ†‹—• ͳ ‹•„”‘‡‹–‘ͳͲ ͸ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•Ǥ ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
‘ˆ‡” —”›‹•͵ͷέͳͲ Ȃ͵ Ȁǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–™‘”†‘‡‹–Š‹•’”‘ ‡••Ǥ
Solution:
ʹʹ
αͶɎʹȏͳȀ͵ ȂͳȐ αͶέ έȋͳͲȂʹȌʹ έ͵ͷέͳͲȂ͵ ȋͳͲͲȂ ͳȌ αͶǤ͵ͷέͳͲȂ͵
͹
Illustration 37
„‹‰†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳ ‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘ͳͲͲͲ•ƒŽŽ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•Ǥ ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†
‹•͹Ͳ†›‡Ȁ ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‘—– ǣ
ȋͳȌ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’
ȋʹȌ™‘”†‘‡”‡“—‹”‡†
ȋ͵Ȍ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›–‘‹‹–‹ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›Ǥ
Solution:
ͳ
 ͳ 
ȋͳȌ ͵ Ÿ αͳͲŸ ”αͲǤͳ 
” ”
ʹʹ
ȋʹȌ ǤǤαͶɎʹȋͳȀ͵ Ȃ ͳȌ αͶέ ȋͳȌʹ έ͹ͲέȋͳͲȂ ͳȌ α͹ͻʹͲ‡”‰Ǥ
͹
ͳ
 ˆ  u ͶS”ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ  ͵ ͳͲ
‹ ͶSʹ

[ 232 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN

BEGINNER’S BOX-5
1. •–‹ ‘ˆŽ‡‰–ŠͶ ‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ‘‡•‹†‡‘ˆ‹–Šƒ••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ
ͺͲ†›‡Ȁ ƒ†‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”•‹†‡„›‡‡’‹‰ƒ’‹‡ ‡‘ˆ ƒ’Š‘”–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•”‡†— ‡†
–‘͸Ͳ†›‡Ȁ ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡ȋ‹†›‡Ȍƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡•–‹ Ǥ
PPF186
2. –Š‹™‹”‡”‹‰‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳ‹••‹–—ƒ–‡†‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹†Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘
Ž‹ˆ–‹–—’™ƒ”†•ȋ„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ˆ‹Ž„”‡ƒ•Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ͺǤ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
–‡•‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ǫ
PPF187
3.  ‹” —Žƒ”ˆ”ƒ‡ƒ†‡‘ˆʹͲ Ž‘‰–Š‹™‹”‡‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•͹Ͳ†›‡Ȁ ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡†‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡–‘•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ‡ˆ”‘™ƒ–‡”ǫ
PPF188
4. ‡–ƒŽŽ‹ ™‹”‡‘ˆ†‡•‹–›†ˆŽ‘ƒ–•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ›‹™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ‹†‘—––Š‡ƒš‹—”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡
™‹”‡•‘–Šƒ––Š‡™‹”‡ƒ›‘–•‹Ǥȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”αȌ
PPF189
5. ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”ˆ‹Ž‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•ͷ Ž‘‰ƒ†͵ ™‹†‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡™‘”†‘‡‹‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–•ƒ”‡ƒ–‘
ͻ έͷ ‹•͸έͳͲȂͶ Œ‘—Ž‡Ǥˆ‹†–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ǫ
PPF190
6. ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›‘ˆ”‹‰ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ǫȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•
͹ͷȀƒ†ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ”‹‰‹•ͲǤͲͶʹȌ
PPF191
7. ‹†–Š‡™‘”†‘‡‹‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡„›͹ͲͲΨ‹ˆ‹–•”ƒ†‹—•‹•ƒ†
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•Ǥ
PPF192
8. „—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹ ‹•„Ž‘™‹•‹†‡ƒ ‘Ž††”‹—•‹‰ƒ•–”ƒ™Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‹“—‹†‹• ͸Ͳ†›‡Ȁ ˆ‹†–Š‡™‘” †‘‡ȋ‹‡”‰•Ȍ‹„Ž‘™‹‰–Š‡„—„„Ž‡Ǥ
PPF193
9. ͳͲ –‹› †”‘’• ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ „‹‰ †”‘’Ǥ Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ‹• Ǥ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ –Š‡
͸

’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ž‘••Ǥ

PPF194
10. Ž‹“—‹††”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵”̵‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘͸Ͷ•‹‹Žƒ”–‹›†”‘’Ž‡–•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†
‹•ǡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹‡‡”‰›ǫ
PPF195
Excess Pressure
Excess pressure inside a curved liquid surface
Š‡’”‡••—”‡‘–Š‡ ‘ ƒ˜‡•‹†‡‘ˆ —”˜‡†Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘–Š‡ ‘˜‡š•‹†‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ
ƒ’”‡••—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‡š‹•–•ƒ ”‘••–™‘•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ —”˜‡†•—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠ‹•’”‡••—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹• ƒŽŽ‡†‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡Ǥ
ȋ‹Ȍ š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–Š‡†”‘’

ʹS
ȋ‹ȂͲȌSʹ

‘”‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‘ˆŠ‡‹•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ†”‘’
ʹ ʹ
ʹSαȋ‹ Ȃ ͲȌSʹ ‘”ȋ‹ Ȃ ͲȌα ‡š
 
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ALLEN NEET : Physics
ȋ‹‹Ȍ š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡ǣ

ͶS
ȋ‹ȂͲȌSʹ

‘”‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—‘ˆ Š‡‹•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ„—„„Ž‡

Ͷ Ͷ
ͶSαȋ‹ Ȃ ͲȌSʹ ‘”ȋ‹ Ȃ ͲȌα ‡š
 
Special Cases :
ȋ‹Ȍ ™‘—‡“—ƒŽ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡•ƒ”‡ˆ‘”‡†‘‡‘‡ƒ Š•‹†‡‘ˆƒ–—„‡
Ž‘•‡†‹–Š‡‹††Ž‡„›ƒ–ƒ’ǤŠ‡–Š‡–ƒ’‹•‘’‡‡†ǡ–Š‡ǣǦ
Ͷ ”
 αͲ Ϊ Ǣ 
”  ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›
Ͷ 
 αͲ Ϊ ȓͲ αƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ȔǤ

Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ε Ǣ •‘ƒ‹”™‹ŽŽˆŽ‘™ˆ”‘–‘Ǥ
Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›„—„„Ž‡„‡ ‘‡••ƒŽŽ‡”ƒ†„—„„Ž‡„‡ ‘‡•„‹‰‰‡”‹•‹œ‡Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‘–ƒŽ’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒƒ‹”„—„„Ž‡‹Ž‹“—‹†
‘—–αƒ– ‘—–αƒ–

‹
Š

‹

‹ α‘—– Ϊ‡š ‹ α‘—– Ϊ‡š

ʹ ʹ
‹ α‘—– Ϊ ‹ α‘—– Ϊ
 
ʹ ʹ
‹ α‘ Ϊ ‹ α‘ ΪU‰ŠΪ
 
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‘–ƒŽ’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ ƒ˜‹–›‘”ƒ‹”„—„„Ž‡‹Ž‹“—‹†
ʹ
‡š ‡•• ዐ Ȃ ‘—– α U‰Š  ȋU †‡•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†Ȍ

ʹ
‹•‹†‡ αƒ– Ϊɏ‰ŠΪ

ȋ‹˜Ȍ ˆ–™‘„—„„Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡‹•‘–Š‡”ƒŽŽ›‹˜ƒ ——–Š‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™„—„„Ž‡
™‹ŽŽ„‡ ǣ
Š‡ –™‘ „—„„Ž‡• ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ‹” ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ‹ •ƒ‡ ƒ†
–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘”‡ƒ‹ ‘•–ƒ–
Ͷ § Ͷ ͵ · Ͷ § Ͷ ͵ · Ͷ § Ͷ ͵ ·
‘ͳ ڐʹ αŸ ͳ ͳ Ϊʹʹ αŸ S”ͳ ¸  ¨ S”ʹ ¸ S” ¸ Ÿ ” ”ͳʹ  ”ʹʹ
”ͳ ¨© ͵ ¹ ”ʹʹ © ͵ ¹ ” ¨© ͵ ¹

[ 234 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
ȋ˜Ȍ ˆ–™‘„—„„Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ȋ”ͳ δ”ʹȌ ‘‡‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”–Š‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ —”˜ƒ–—”‡
‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘•—”ˆƒ ‡ǣ
‫ ͳ” ׶‬δ”ʹ
‫ ͳ ׵‬εʹ ƒŽŽ’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ„—„„Ž‡•‹• ‹ ‘–ƒ –ƒ†‹‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ ”ͳ ”ʹ
Ÿ ͳ Ȃ ʹ α Ÿ  Ÿ”
” ”ͳ ”ʹ ” ”ʹ  ”ͳ

”ʹ ”ʹ ͳ ʹ

Illustration 38
ˆ–Š‡‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–™‘•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡•ƒ”‡ ͳǤͲʹƒ–ƒ†ͳǤͲ͵ƒ–”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”
˜‘Ž—‡•Ǥ
Solution:
Ͷ
͵
ȋ‡š Ȍͳ ȋ‹  ‘—– Ȍͳ ͳǤͲʹ  ͳ ʹ ”ͳ ʹ ”ͳ ͵ ͳ § ͵ · ʹ͹
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ ¨ ¸
ȋ‡š Ȍʹ ȋ‹  ‘—– Ȍʹ ͳǤͲ͵  ͳ ͵ Ͷ ͵ ”ʹ ʹ ʹ © ʹ ¹ ͺ
”ʹ
Illustration 39
Š‡ ‡š ‡•• ’”‡••—”‡ ‹•‹†‡ ƒ ƒ‹” „—„„Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ” Œ—•– „‡Ž‘™ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‹• ͳǤ Š‡ ‡š ‡••
’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ†”‘’‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡”ƒ†‹—•Œ—•–‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ʹǤ ˆ‹••—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡
”‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ͳ ƒ†ʹǤ
Solution:
ʹ
š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹ƒ‹”„—„„Ž‡ Œ—•–„‡Ž‘™–Š‡™ƒ–‡”•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥͳ α
”
ʹ
š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ†”‘’ʹ α
”
‘ǡ ͳ αʹ

Angle of Contact (θC)

Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‡ Ž‘•‡† „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ –ƒ‰‡– ’Žƒ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ† –Š‡ –ƒ‰‡– ’Žƒ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ •‘Ž‹†
•—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ– –Š‡ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ – ‹•‹†‡ –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –
†‡’‡†•‘–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž‹†ƒ†Ž‹“—‹†‹ ‘–ƒ –

Ʌ Ʌ Ʌ
ɅδͻͲι ɅεͻͲι ɅαͻͲι

Some important angle of contact-

ȋ‹Ȍ —”‡™ƒ–‡”ƒ†‰Žƒ••ǣ՜Ͳι ȋ‹‹Ȍ ”†‹ƒ”›™ƒ–‡”ƒ†‰Žƒ••ǣ՜ͺι–‘ͳͺι
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ƒ–‡”ƒ†•‹Ž˜‡”ǣ՜ͻͲι ȋ‹˜Ȍ ‡” —”›ƒ†‰Žƒ••ǣ՜ͳ͵ͺι

[Link] [ 235 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
Shape of Liquid Surface (Shape of meniscus)
Š‡ƒŽ‹“—‹†‹•„”‘—‰Š–‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Šƒ•‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†„‡ ‘‡• —”˜‡†‡ƒ”–Š‡
’Žƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –ǤŠ‡•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ȋ ‘ ƒ˜‡‘” ‘˜‡šȌ †‡’‡†•—’‘–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ
‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ƒ†–Š‡ƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†
ƒ†–Š‡•‘Ž‹†Ǥ
Š‡ˆ”‡‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹†™Š‹ Š‹•‡ƒ”–Š‡™ƒŽŽ•‘ˆƒ˜‡••‡Žƒ†™Š‹ Š‹• —”˜‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
‹•‘™ƒ•‡‹• —•ǤŠ‡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆͶͷιˆ”‘Ž‹“—‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡™Š‡”‡ƒ•–Š‡ƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡
ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –•ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•–‘–Š‡•‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ •Šƒ’‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† •—”ˆƒ ‡ǡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡Ȁƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡ ˆ‘” ‡•ǡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –ǡ ‡– Ǥ ƒ”‡
•—ƒ”‹œ‡†‹–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡„‡Ž‘™ ǣ
‡Žƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ†Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡
‘˜‡š•—”ˆƒ ‡
‘ ƒ˜‡—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡ 
 

 
 
 
ƒ–‡” ƒ–‡” ‡” —”›

େ
൐ ‰Žƒ•• େ ‰Žƒ••
୅
ξʹ ୅ ൌ
େ ‹Ž˜‡” ୅ ൏
ξʹ ξʹ

Shape of meniscus Concave Plane Convex

‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ – T δͻͲιȋ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ȍ T α ͻͲιȋ‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡Ȍ T ε ͻͲιȋ„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ȍ
Šƒ’‡‘ˆ
Ž‹“—‹††”‘’ Ʌ
Ʌ Ʌ

‡˜‡Ž‘ˆŽ‹“—‹† ‹“—‹†”‹•‡•—’ ‹“—‹†‡‹–Š‡””‹•‡• ‹“—‹†ˆƒŽŽ•

‘”ˆƒŽŽ•
‡––‹‰’”‘’‡”–› ‹“—‹†™‡–•–Š‡ ‹“—‹††‘‡•‘–™‡– ‹“—‹††‘‡•‘–™‡––Š‡
•‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ –Š‡•‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡ •‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡
šƒ’Ž‡ Žƒ••– ƒ–‡” ‹Ž˜‡”– ƒ–‡” Žƒ••– ‡” —”›
Dependency of Angle of Contact
(i) Effect of Temperature on angle of contact
ª ͳº
‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š—• ‘•T « ‘• T v » †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†T
¬ ¼
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
‘ǡ ‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡT †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
(ii) Effect of Impurities on angle of contact
ȋƒȌ‘Ž—„Ž‡‹’—”‹–‹‡•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ǡ•‘ ‘•T †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –T ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›•‘Ž—„Ž‡‹’—”‹–‹‡•†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ǡ•‘ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –Ʌ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ
(iii) Effect of Water Proofing Agent
‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•†—‡–‘–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”’”‘‘ˆ‹‰ƒ‰‡–Ǥ – Šƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘ƒ —–‡–‘
‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ

[ 236 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Capillary Tube and Capillarity
‰Žƒ••–—„‡™‹–Šƒˆ‹‡„‘”‡ƒ†‘’‡ƒ–„‘–Š‡†•‹•‘™ƒ•ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ǤŠ‡’”‘’‡”–›„›˜‹”–—‡‘ˆ
™Š‹ ŠƒŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡•‘”‰‡–•†‡’”‡••‡†‹ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‹•‘™ƒ• ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹–›Ǥ‹•‡‘”ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹
–—„‡•‘ˆƒ””‘™„‘”‡ȋ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡Ȍ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ –‹‘Ǥ
Ex. ǣ ȋ‹Ȍ‡”‘•‡‡‘‹Ž‹Žƒ–‡”•”‹•‡—’™ƒ”††—‡–‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹–›Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ‘”‹‰‘ˆˆ‘—–ƒ‹’‡̵•‹„•’Ž‹–†—‡–‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹–›Ǥ
Calculation of Capillary Rise
ȋ‹Ȍ ”‡••—”‡ƒŽƒ ‡‡–Š‘†ǣ Patm Žƒ”‰‡†˜‹‡™
Š‡ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‹•ˆ‹”•–†‹’’‡†‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†ƒ••Š‘™‹
ƒ–
–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† Ž‹„•—’–Š‡™ƒŽŽ• —”˜‹‰–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ
՝  Š 
‡– –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‹• —• „‡  ƒ† –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡
T
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡„‡”Ǥ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•Tǡ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•ǡ  
†‡•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•U ƒ†–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†”‹•‡•–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ŠǤ T 
‘™ Ž‡– —• ‘•‹†‡” –™‘ ’‘‹–•  ƒ†  ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ჆‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡
”
Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žƒ••Š‘™Ǥ›ƒ• ƒŽ̵•Žƒ™ ‡‹• —• ൌ
‘• Ʌ
 α Ÿ α ΪU‰Š
‘™ǡ’‘‹–‹•‘–Š‡ —”˜‡†‡‹• —•™Š‹ ŠŠƒ•ƒ– ƒ† ƒ•–Š‡’”‡••—”‡•‘‹–• ‘ ƒ˜‡ƒ†
‘˜‡š•‹†‡•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
§ ʹ · ʹ ʹ ‘• T
? ƒ– α ¨ ƒ–  ¸ ΪŠU‰Ÿ Šα α
©  ¹ U‰ ”U‰
ȋ‹‹Ȍ ‘” ‡ƒŽƒ ‡‡–Š‘† ǣ
Š‡Ž‹“—‹† ‘–‹—‡•–‘”‹•‡‹–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ —–‹Ž–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† ‘Ž—„‡ ‘‡•
‡“—ƒŽ–‘ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘Ǥ
Ž‹“—‹†ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘αȋʹɎ”Ȍ ‘•T
In equilibrium :
ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘Ǥᙇ‹‰Š–‘ˆ”‹•‡Ž‹“—‹†
ȋʹS”Ȍ ‘•T Ꮙ
ȋʹS”Ȍ ‘•T αȋS”ʹŠUȌ‰
Š
ʹ ‘• T αȋʹS”Ȍ ‘•Ʌ
Š
”U‰
‰
Special Points
ȋ‹Ȍ —”‹̵•ƒ™ǣ
Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ”‹•‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‹•‹˜‡”•‡Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›
ͳ
–—„‡ǡ‹ˆǡTǡ”ƒ†‰ƒ”‡ ‘•–ƒ– Š v ‘””Šα ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ –‹’Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–Ž‹“—‹†™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡‘”‡‹
”
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‘ˆŽ‡••”ƒ†‹—•ƒ†˜‹ ‡˜‡”•ƒǤ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ •‹†‡ƒ•ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ǡ™ƒ–‡”™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡—’–‘–Š‡–‘’Ž‡˜‡Ž„—–™‹ŽŽ‘–‘˜‡”ˆŽ‘™ ƒ†•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ‡‹• —•™‹ŽŽ
„‡’Žƒ‡Ǥ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ˆƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‹•†‹’’‡†‹–‘ƒŽ‹“—‹†ƒ†–‹Ž–‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡ D ˆ”‘˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ–Š‡–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† ‘Ž—”‡ƒ‹••ƒ‡™Š‡”‡ƒ•–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆŽ‹“—‹† ‘Ž—‹–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ

[Link] [ 237 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

D
Š l

Š
Š ൌ κ ‘•Ƚ ֜ κ ൌ
‘•Ƚ

Illustration 40
ƒ–‡””‹•‡–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͳͲ‹ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹•ƒ†‡ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ‹–•’”‡˜‹‘—•˜ƒŽ—‡
–Š‡™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡‡™˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›”‹•‡ǫ
Solution:
Šʹ ”ͳ ”
ʹ
Šʹ ”ʹ ȋ” Ȁ ʹȌ
‡ ‡Šʹ αʹŠͳ αʹέͳͲαʹͲ
Illustration 41
ƒ–‡””‹•‡•‹ƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡—’–‘ƒŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆͳͲ Ǥ ˆ–Š‡–—„‡‹•‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–Ͷͷι™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ
–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•‹–Š‡–—„‡Ǥ
Solution:
‘•T αŠ
Š ͳͲ
? ͳͲ ʹ 
‘• Ͷͷq ȋͳ Ȁ ʹȌ
Illustration 42
ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ǡƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ͵Ͳ Ž‘‰ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹•†‹’’‡†‹™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘ƒ
Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆͳͲ †—‡–‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ –‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‹•‡š’‡”‹‡–‹• ‘†— –‡†‹ƒˆ”‡‡Ž›ˆƒŽŽ‹‰‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‘”ǡ™Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ
„‡–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ™ƒ–‡” ‘Ž—Ǥ
Solution:
‹“—‹†™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡—’–‘–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡–—„‡ǡ
? Š̵α͵Ͳ 
Illustration 43
™‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡• ‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‘ˆƒ”ƒ†‹—•”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ƒ”‡ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹‡”•‡†‹–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹“—‹†ǡ–Š‡
ˆ‹†ǣ ȋͳȌ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡ ȋʹȌ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ••‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡
ȋ͵Ȍ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡
Solution:
Š ”
ȋͳȌ ›—”‹̵•Žƒ™ǣŠͳ”ͳ αŠʹ”ʹ Ÿ ͳ ʹ
Šʹ ”ͳ

ͳ Uu ͳ U S”ͳʹ Šͳ ”ͳ
ȋʹȌ
ʹ Uu ʹ U S”ͳʹ Šʹ ”ʹ

ȋ͵Ȍ Š‡™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Š–Š‡ƒ••‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡αUȋS”ʹŠȌ
Š
? ‘–ƒŽƒ••„‡Ž‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ– ‡–”‡‘ˆƒ••ǡ–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›α‰
ʹ
§Š ·
ͳ‰ ¨ ͳ ¸
ǤǤ ͳ © ʹ ¹ § ͳ ·§ Šͳ · ͳ
¨ ¸¨ ¸
ǤǤ §Š ·  Š
ʹ ʹ‰ ¨ ʹ ¸ © ʹ ¹© ʹ ¹
© ʹ ¹

[ 238 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Illustration 44
ƒ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ˜‡••‡Žƒ–‹–•„‘––‘ƒ”‘—†Š‘Ž‡‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͳ‹•†”‹ŽŽ‡†ƒ†™ƒ–‡”‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‹‹–Ǥ ‹†
–Š‡ ƒš‹— Š‡‹‰Š– –‘ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ–‡” ƒ „‡ ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ‹ ‹– ™‹–Š‘—– Ž‡ƒƒ‰‡Ǥ ȋ—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‹•
͹ͷέͳͲȂ͵ Ȁǡ†‡•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͳͲͲͲ‰Ȁ͵ ƒ†ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•ͲιȌ
Solution:
ƒ–‡”™‹ŽŽ•–ƒ”–Ž‡ƒ‹‰‘—–™Š‡ ǢȋŠU‰ȌS”ʹαȋʹS”Ȍ
ʹ ʹ u ͹ͷ u ͳͲ͵
Š α͵έͳͲȂʹ  α͵ 
U‰” ͳͲͲͲ u ͳͲ u ͲǤͷ u ͳͲ͵

BEGINNER’S BOX-6
1. Š‡ƒ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ–—„‡‹•†‹’’‡†˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ›‹–‘ƒŽ‹“—‹†–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•ͺͲιǤŠ‡–Š‡
–—„‡‹•†‹’’‡†™‹–Šƒ‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͶͲιǡˆ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –ǫ
PPF196
2. ˆŽ‹“—‹†”‹•‡•‹ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ǡ–Š‡™Šƒ– ƒ„‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –ǫ
PPF197
3. Š‡‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹ƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‹•–Š”‡‡–‹‡•–Š‡‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹ƒ‘–Š‡”„—„„Ž‡Ǥ ‹†
–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”˜‘Ž—‡•ǫ
PPF198
4. ƒ‹”„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͲʹ‹•ƒ–ƒ†‡’–Š‘ˆʹͷ ‹‘‹Ž‘ˆ†‡•‹–›ͲǤͺ‰Ȁ  Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
͵

–‡•‹‘‘ˆ‘‹Ž‹•ʹͷu ͳͲȂ͵ Ȁˆ‹†–Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–Š‡„—„„Ž‡

ȋƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡αͳͲͷ ȀʹȌǫ
PPF199
5. Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–™‘•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡•‹•ͳǤͲͳƒ†ͳǤͲʹƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ–Š‡‹”˜‘Ž—‡•ǫ
PPF200
6. †‹’’‹‰‘‡‡†‘ˆƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†ƒ†‹ Ž‹‹‰–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ–ƒ‰Ž‡•͵Ͳ郐†͸Ͳι
™‹–Š–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ƒŽǡ–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š•‘ˆŽ‹“—‹† ‘Ž—•‹‹–ƒ”‡ˆ‘—†–‘„‡Aͳ ƒ†Aʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†
–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆAͳ ƒ†Aʹǫ
PPF201
7. ƒ–‡””‹•‡•‹–™‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ—’–‘Š‡‹‰Š–•‘ˆͶͲƒ†͸ͲǤ ‹†–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡‹””ƒ†‹‹ǫ
PPF202
8. Š‡ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‹•†‹’’‡†‹•‹†‡™ƒ–‡”ǡ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•‹•‹†‡–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡—’–‘ͲǤͲͳͷǤ
ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•͹ͷέͳͲȂ͵Ȁ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ǫ
PPF203
Newton's Law of Viscosity
Viscosity : ‹• ‘•‹–›‹•–Š‡’”‘’‡”–›‘ˆƒˆŽ—‹†ȋŽ‹“—‹†‘”‰ƒ•Ȍ„›˜‹”–—‡‘ˆ™Š‹ Š‹–‘’’‘•‡•–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡
‘–‹‘„‡–™‡‡‹–•ƒ†Œƒ ‡–Žƒ›‡”•Ǥ –‹•–Š‡ˆŽ—‹†ˆ”‹ –‹‘‘”‹–‡”ƒŽˆ”‹ –‹‘Ǥ
Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡™Š‹ Š–‡†•–‘”‡–ƒ”†–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‘–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ†Œƒ ‡–Žƒ›‡”•‹• ƒŽŽ‡†
˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ
˜šΪ'˜š

›Ϊ'› ˜š
›

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
'š
Š‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š†‹•–ƒ ‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆˆŽ‘™‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ǡ‹• ƒŽŽ‡†˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
'›
‰”ƒ†‹‡–Ǥ
 ‘”†‹‰ –‘ ‡™–‘ǡ –Š‡ ˜‹• ‘—• ˆ‘” ‡  ƒ –‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ƒ†Œƒ ‡– Žƒ›‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹“—‹† ˆŽ‘™‹‰ ‹
•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡†‘–‹‘†‡’‡†•—’‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–™‘ˆƒ –‘”•ǣ
ȋ‹Ȍ v ‘–ƒ –ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ›‡”• ‹Ǥ‡ v 
'˜ š
ȋ‹‹Ȍ v ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‰”ƒ†‹‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Žƒ›‡”• ‹Ǥ‡ v
'›
'˜ š '˜ š
‘„‹‹‰ȋ‹Ȍƒ†ȋ‹‹Ȍ v Ÿ K
'› '›
™Š‡”‡K ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ– ƒŽŽ‡† ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
Ȁ Š‡ƒ” •–”‡••
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–› K
˜Ȁ –”ƒ‹ ”ƒ–‡
SI UNITS : Ȃ • Ȃʹ αƒǦ•α’‘‹•‡—‹ŽŽ‡ȋ Ȍᆇ ƒ’‘‹•‡
CGS UNITS : †›‡Ǧ•Ȁ ʹ α’‘‹•‡Ǣ ͳ†‡ ƒ’‘‹•‡αͳͲ’‘‹•‡Ǥ
Dimensions : ȏͳȂͳȂͳȐ
Important points
ȋ‹Ȍ ‹• ‘•‹–› ‘ˆ ˆŽ—‹† †‡’‡†• ‘Ž› ‘ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ ˆŽ—‹† ƒ† ‹• ‹†‡’‡†‡– ‘ˆ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‘”
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‰”ƒ†‹‡–Ǥ
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Š‹Ž‹“—‹†•Ž‹‡™ƒ–‡”ǡƒŽ ‘Š‘Žƒ”‡Ž‡••˜‹• ‘—•–Šƒ–Š‹ Ž‹“—‹†•Ž‹‡„Ž‘‘†ǡ‰Ž› ‡”‹ǡŠ‘‡›Ǥ
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•— Š‰”‡ƒ–‡”ȋƒ„‘—–ͳͲͲ–‹‡•‘”‡Ȍ–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ‰ƒ•‡•Ǥ‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”
| ͲǤͲͳ’‘‹•‡ǡ‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆƒ‹”| ʹͲͲρ’‘‹•‡
Stoke's Law and Terminal Velocity
Stoke's Law
–‘‡ •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– ‹ˆ ƒ •ƒŽŽ •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ” ‹• ‘˜‹‰ ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ˜ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•
•–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›‡†‹—ȋŽ‹“—‹†‘”‰ƒ•Ȍǡ‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›K –Š‡–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡•’Š‡”‡‹• ˜ α͸SK”˜Ǥ
Terminal Velocity
Š‡ƒ•‘Ž‹†•’Š‡”‡ˆƒŽŽ•‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†ǡ‹–•‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†„›
–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡†—‡–‘Ž‹“—‹†ƒ†Š‡ ‡‹–ƒ––ƒ‹•ƒ ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‹ Š
‹•‘™ƒ•–Š‡–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ˜ȌǤ
• •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ ™Š‡ –Š‡ „‘†› ‘˜‡• ™‹–Š ‘•–ƒ– ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ
–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ȋ™‹–Š‘ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ–Š‡‡–—’™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ȋ—’–Š”—•–Š
Ϊ˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ ˜Ȍ„ƒŽƒ ‡•–Š‡†‘™™ƒ”†ˆ‘” ‡ȋ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›ȌǤ ‡•‹–›αV

ʹ
Ͷ ͵ Ͷ ͵ ʹ” UV
Š  ˜ Ÿ S” V‰  ͸SK”˜  S” U‰ Ÿ ˜  ‰
͵ ͵ ͻ K

™Š‡”‡ǡ ”ᔃ†‹—•‘ˆ„‘†› U ᆇ•‹–›‘ˆ„‘†›

V ᆇ•‹–›‘ˆ‡†‹— K α ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›Ǥ

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Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Graph
Š‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹–Š–‹‡ȋ‘”†‹•–ƒ ‡Ȍ‹••Š‘™‹–Š‡ƒ†Œƒ ‡–‰”ƒ’Š•Ǥ
Case 1 : Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„‘†›‹‡†‹—‹•œ‡”‘
˜
˜–

‹•–ƒ ‡‘”–‹‡
Case 2 : Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ„‘†›‹‡†‹—‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ˜–
˜

˜–

 ‹•–ƒ ‡‘”–‹‡

Some applications of terminal velocity:

ȋƒȌ  –—ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ”ƒ‹†”‘’• ‹•˜‡”›•ƒŽŽ‹ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘–‘–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡
ƒ “—‹”‡†„›ƒ„‘†›ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ˆ”‡‡Ž›ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ Ž‘—†•Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍ ‡• ‡–‘ˆƒ’ƒ”ƒ Š—–‡™‹–Š‘†‡”ƒ–‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ ‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  Šƒ”‰‡‹‹Ž‹ƒ̵•‘‹Ž†”‘’‡š’‡”‹‡–Ǥ
Illustration 45
™‘„ƒŽŽ•ƒ†‡‘ˆ•ƒ‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽŠƒ˜‹‰ƒ••‡•ƒ†ͺ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”–‡”‹ƒŽ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•ƒ‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
Solution:
 v ”͵ ˜  v ”ʹ
͵ ʹ
 § ”ͳ · ˜ ͳ § ”ͳ ·
Ÿ ͳ ¨ ¸ Ÿ ¨ ¸
ʹ © ”ʹ ¹ ˜ ʹ © ”ʹ ¹
ͳ
˜ ͳ ʹ
” §  ·͵ ͳ §ͳ· ͳ
Ÿ ͳ ¨ ͺ ¸ Ÿ ¨ʹ¸
”ʹ © ¹ ʹ ˜ ʹ © ¹ Ͷ

Illustration 46
ˆ–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ†”‘’‹•ͳͲȀ•‡ ‹ƒˆŽ—‹† –Š‡ˆ‹†
–Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ „‹‰ †”‘’ ˆ‘”‡† „› ͸Ͷ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ
͸Ͷ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ•ƒŽŽ†”‘’• ‹‰†”‘’
•— Š†”‘’•ǣ ȋ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•α”Ȍ ȋ”ƒ†‹—•αȌ
Solution:
Ͷ Ͷ ͵
›˜‘Ž—‡ ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǣ S”͵ u ͸Ͷ S Ÿ αͶ”
͵ ͵
‡”‹ƒŽ•’‡‡† ˜  v ”ʹ
ʹ ʹ
˜ ͳ § ”ͳ · ͳͲ § ” ·
Ÿ ¨ ¸ Ÿ ¨ Ͷ” ¸ Ÿ ˜ ʹ ͳ͸Ͳ Ȁ •
˜ ʹ © ”ʹ ¹ ˜ ʹ © ¹

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
Illustration 47
–‹›•’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••ʹ‰ƒ††‡•‹–›ͷ‰Ȁ ‹•†”‘’’‡†‹ƒŒƒ”‘ˆ‰Ž› ‡”‹‡‘ˆ†‡•‹–›͵‰Ȁ ǤŠ‡–Š‡
•’Š‡”‡ƒ “—‹”‡•–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡ƒ‰‹–—†‡‘ˆ–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡•’Š‡”‡Ǥ
Solution: Š
ŠΪ ˜ α ˜
Ÿ ˜ αȂŠ

‰  U ‰ ‰ ‰  U ‰
U„

ª U º ª ͵º
α ‰ «ͳ  » α ʹ u ͳͲ «ͳ  » αͺ
¬ U „¼ ¬ ͷ¼ Ꮙ
Illustration 48
†”‘’‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͲͲͳͷ‹•ˆƒŽŽ‹‰‹ƒ‹”ǤŠ‡ ‘Ǧ‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆƒ‹”‹• ͳǤͺέͳͲȂͷ ‰ȀǦ•Ǥ
Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡†”‘’ǫ†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ‹” ƒ„‡‡‰Ž‡ –‡†Ǥ
Solution:
ʹ
ª ͳͷu ͳͲͶ º ͵
ʹu « » u ͳͲ u ͻǤͺ
ʹ”ʹ ȋU  VȌ‰ «¬ ͳͲͲͲ »¼
˜ ʹǤ͹ʹu ͳͲͶ  Ȁ •
ͻK ͷ
ͻ u ͳǤͺ u ͳͲ
Illustration 49
Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆƒ•ƒŽŽ„ƒŽŽ‘ˆƒ••ƒ††‡•‹–›†ͳǡ™Š‡†”‘’’‡†‹ƒ ‘–ƒ‹‡”ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‰Ž› ‡”‹
„‡ ‘‡• ‘•–ƒ–ƒˆ–‡”•‘‡–‹‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰Ž› ‡”‹ ‹•†ʹǡ–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
Solution:
–‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—ǡ–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰—’™ƒ”†αˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡†‘™™ƒ”†
 ª † º ª º
ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡α†ͳ‰Ȃ †ʹ‰αȋ†ͳ Ȃ †ʹȌ‰α ȋ†ͳ Ȃ †ʹȌ‰α ‰ «ͳ  ʹ » «  »
†ͳ ¬ †ͳ ¼ ¬ †ͳ ¼
Illustration 50
•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳέͳͲȂͶ ƒ††‡•‹–›ͳͲͶ ‰Ȁ͵ ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‡‡Ž›—†‡”‰”ƒ˜‹–›–Š”‘—‰Šƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡Š
„‡ˆ‘”‡‡–‡”‹‰ƒ–ƒ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ–Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒŽŽ†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡ǡƒˆ–‡”‡–‡”‹‰–Š‡™ƒ–‡”ˆ‹†ŠǤ
‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͻǤͺέͳͲȂ͸ Ǧ•ȀʹǤ
Solution:
ˆ–‡” ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– Š ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „ƒŽŽ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‘‡ ˜ ʹ‰Š Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‡–‡”‹‰ ‹–‘ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ• –Š‹•
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›†‘‡•‘– Šƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‹•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ
ʹ
ʹ ʹ ªU  V º ªʹ Ͷ ͵
Ͷ ʹ ȋͳͲ  ͳͲ Ȍ u ͻǤͺ
º ʹͲ u ʹͲ
ʹ‰Š ” « » ‰ Ÿ ʹ‰Š « u ȋͳͲ Ȍ u ͸ » ŸŠ ʹͲǤͶͳ
ͻ ¬ K ¼ «¬ ͻ ͻǤͺ u ͳͲ ¼» ʹ u ͻǤͺ
Dependency of viscosity
(i) On Temperature of Fluid
ȋƒȌ ‹ ‡ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ ˆ‘” ‡• †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ™‹–Š ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ ‹• ‘•‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹†• †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
™‹–Šƒ”‹•‡‹–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍ ‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ‰ƒ•‡•‹•–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ—•‹‘‘ˆ‰ƒ•‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•ˆ”‘‘‡‘˜‹‰Žƒ›‡”–‘‘–Š‡”Ǥ
‹–Š ƒ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ—•‹‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž› –Š‡ ˜‹• ‘•‹–›
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ‰ƒ•‡•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•™‹–Š–Š‡”‹•‡ ‹–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ

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Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
(ii) On Pressure of Fluid
ȋƒȌ ‹• ‘•‹–›‹•‘”ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡” Ž‹“—‹†•—†‡”‡š–”‡‡’”‡••—”‡‘ˆ–‡
—†‡”‰‘ƒ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹˜‹• ‘•‹–›Ǥ
ȋ„Ȍ ‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ‰ƒ•‡•‹•’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽ›‹†‡’‡†‡–‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡Ǥ
Steady flow in capillary tube
Poiseuille's Formula
 ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ •–‡ƒ†› ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ‘ˆ ˜‹• ‘•‹–› ȋKȌ ‹ ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ȋȌ ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ȋ”Ȍ —†‡” ƒ
’”‡••—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ȋȌƒ ”‘••‹–ǡ–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™‹‰’‡”•‡ ‘†‹•‰‹˜‡„›
† S ” Ͷ

†– ͺK
‹–Š–Š‡Š‡Ž’‘ˆ’‘‹•‡—‹ŽŽ‡̵•ˆ‘”—Žƒǡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹† ƒ„‡†‡–‡”‹‡†Ǥ

BEGINNER’S BOX-7
1. Žƒ”‰‡™‘‘†‡’Žƒ–‡‘ˆƒ”‡ƒͳͲʹ ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆƒ”‹˜‡”‹•ƒ†‡–‘‘˜‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽŽ›
™‹–Šƒ•’‡‡†‘ˆʹȀ•„›ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒ–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”‹˜‡”‹•ͳ†‡‡’ƒ†–Š‡™ƒ–‡”‹
‘–ƒ –™‹–Š–Š‡„‡†‹••–ƒ–‹‘ƒ”›ǡˆ‹†–Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ‡‡‡†‡†–‘‡‡’–Š‡’Žƒ–‡‘˜‹‰Ǥ
‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ƒ––Š‡–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹˜‡”αͳͲȂʹ ’‘‹•‡Ǥ
PPF204
2. •“—ƒ”‡’Žƒ–‡‘ˆͳ•‹†‡‘˜‡•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ƒ•‡ ‘†’Žƒ–‡™‹–Š˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ͶȀ•Ǥ–Š‹Žƒ›‡”‘ˆ
™ƒ–‡” ‡š‹•–• „‡–™‡‡ ’Žƒ–‡•Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ˜‹• ‘—• ˆ‘” ‡ ‹• ʹ  ƒ† –Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ ˜‹• ‘•‹–› ‹•
ͲǤͲͳ’‘‹•‡–Š‡ˆ‹†–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’Žƒ–‡•‹Ǥ
PPF205
3. ‹† –Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ ”ƒ‹ †”‘’ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ͲǤͲͳ Ǥ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ ˜‹• ‘•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ‹” ‹•
ͳǤͺέͳͲȂͷ Ǧ•Ȁʹ ƒ†‹–•†‡•‹–›‹•ͳǤʹ‰Ȁ͵Ǥ‡•‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”αͳͲͲͲ‰Ȁ͵Ǥƒ‡‰αͳͲȀ•ʹǤ
ȋ ‘” ‡‘ˆ„—‘›ƒ ›†—‡–‘ƒ‹”‹•‡‰Ž‡ –‡†Ȍ
PPF206
4. ƒ‹”„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͳ‹•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘”‹•‡–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŽ‘‰ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ ‘Ž—‘ˆƒ˜‹• ‘—•
Ž‹“—‹†‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͷ ƒ†–”ƒ˜‡Ž•ƒ–ƒ•–‡ƒ†›”ƒ–‡‘ˆʹǤͳ ’‡”•‡ ‘†Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†
‹•ͳǤͶ͹‰Ȁ ǡˆ‹†‹–•˜‹• ‘•‹–›Ǥ••—‡‰αͻͺͲ Ȁ•ʹ ƒ†‡‰Ž‡ ––Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ‹”Ǥ
PPF207
5. Ž‹“—‹†ˆŽ‘™•–Š”‘—‰Š–™‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡• ‘‡ –‡†‹•‡”‹‡•ǤŠ‡‹”Ž‡‰–Š•ƒ”‡A ƒ†ʹA ƒ†

”ƒ†‹‹”ƒ†ʹ””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡–Š‡’”‡••—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ƒ ”‘••–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ†•‡ ‘†–—„‡•ƒ”‡‹

–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǤǤǤǤǤǤ
PPF208

[Link] [ 243 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWER KEY

BEGINNER'S BOX-1

1. ͷ  Ȁ ʹ ǡ ͷ ͵  Ȁ ʹ 2. ͲǤͲͲͶ”ƒ†‹ƒ• 3. ͸ 4. ”‡ƒ

5. ͳͲǤʹ 6. ʹͲ‰Ȃ™–
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
1. ʹǤͲέͳͲͻ Ȁʹ 2. ʹ͹ǣͳ 3. Ͷ 4. ͲǤʹͷΨ
5. ͲǤͶ ͵ 6. ʹέͳͲȂ͹ 7. ͶǤͺέͳͲȂͷ
BEGINNER'S BOX-3
1. Uͳ αʹ‰Ȁ͵ǡUʹ α͸‰Ȁ͵‘”Uͳ α͸‰Ȁ͵ǡUʹ αʹ‰Ȁ͵
2. ͺ͵Ǥ͵͵  3. ʹͷ 4. ͳ  5. ȋ‹Ȍͷȋ‹‹ȌͲǤ͸͹
6. ȋ‹ȌͲǤ͸͹έͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ ȋ‹‹ȌͲǤ͹ͶέͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ 7. ͵ͲͲ ͵ 8. ͷͲͲ‰Ǧˆ
BEGINNER'S BOX-4

1. ͳȀ• 2. ͺȀ• 3. u ͳͲȂ͵ ͵ Ȁ •
ͳͲ
BEGINNER'S BOX-5

ʹ ʹ
1. ͺͲ†›‡• 2. Ȁ 3. ʹͺͲͲ†›‡• 4.
S S†‰

5. ͲǤͳȀ 6. ͵ 7. ʹͶSʹ 8. ͻ͸ͲS ‡”‰

9. ͻͻΨ 10. ͳʹ S”ʹ
BEGINNER'S BOX-6
1. ͺͲι 2. ƒ —–‡ 3. ͳǣʹ͹ 4. ͳǤͲͶͷέͳͲͷ ƒ

5. ͺǣͳ 6. ͳǣ ͵ 7. ͵ǣʹ 8. ͳ

BEGINNER'S BOX-7
1. ʹέͳͲȂʹ  2. ʹ 3. ͲǤͲͳʹȀ• 4. ͳǤͷʹ’‘‹•‡
5. ͺǣͳ

[ 244 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Exercise - I
ELASTICITY 5. ˆ –Š‡ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡
1. Š‡ Ž‘™‡” •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ —„‡ ‹• ˆ‹š‡†Ǥ  ‹–• ˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•
—’’‡”•—”ˆƒ ‡ǡˆ‘” ‡‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋʹȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
͵Ͳιˆ”‘‹–••—”ˆƒ ‡ǤŠ‡ Šƒ‰‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‹‹–•
ȋ͵Ȍˆ‹”•–‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋͳȌ•Šƒ’‡
ȋͶȌˆ‹”•–†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋʹȌ•‹œ‡
PPF005
ȋ͵Ȍ˜‘Ž—‡ 6. ˆ‹š‡†˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ‹”‘‹•†”ƒ™‹–‘ƒ™‹”‡‘ˆ
ȋͶȌ„‘–Š•Šƒ’‡ƒ†•‹œ‡
Ž‡‰–ŠAǤŠ‡‡š–‡•‹‘’”‘†— ‡†‹–Š‹•™‹”‡
PPF001
„›ƒ ‘•–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡ ‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘Ǧ
2. ‡ ‡† ‘ˆ —‹ˆ‘” ™‹”‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š  ƒ† ‘ˆ
ͳ ͳ
™‡‹‰Š–‹•ƒ––ƒ Š‡†”‹‰‹†Ž›–‘ƒ’‘‹–‹–Š‡ ȋͳȌ ʹ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ʹ ȋͶȌ
”‘‘ˆ ƒ† ƒ ™‡‹‰Š– ͳ ‹• •—•’‡†‡† ˆ”‘ ‹–•
PPF006
Ž‘™‡”‡†Ǥ ˆ•‹•–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ
7. ™‹”‡‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‡•„› A ™Š‡ƒŽ‘ƒ†‹•
–Š‡ ™‹”‡ǡ –Š‡ •–”‡•• ‹ –Š‡ ™‹”‡ ƒ– ƒ Š‡‹‰Š–
ȋȀͶȌˆ”‘‹–•Ž‘™‡”‡†‹• Šƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘‹–Ǥ ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡‰‘‡•‘˜‡”ƒ’—ŽŽ‡›
ƒ†–™‘™‡‹‰Š–•‡ƒ Šƒ”‡Š—‰ƒ––Š‡–™‘
ª º
ͳ « ͳ  Ͷ » ‡†•ǡ –Š‡ ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹”‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ¬ ¼ ȋ‹ȌǦ
• •
ȋͳȌA ȋʹȌʹA ȋ͵Ȍœ‡”‘ ȋͶȌAȀʹ
ª ͵ º
« ͳ  Ͷ » ͳ   PPF007
ȋ͵Ȍ ¬ ¼ ȋͶȌ 8. Š‡‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆƒ”—„„‡”•–”‹‰ͺ 
• Ͷ
PPF002 Ž‘‰ƒ††‡•‹–›ͳǤͷ‰Ȁ͵‹•ͷέͳͲͺ Ȁʹǡ‹•
•—•’‡†‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‡‹Ž‹‰ ‹ ƒ ”‘‘Ǥ Š‡
3. ‘”•–‡‡Žǡ–Š‡„”‡ƒ‹‰•–”‡••‹•͸έͳͲ͸ Ȁʹ
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹Ž‡‰–Š†—‡–‘‹–•‘™™‡‹‰Š–™‹ŽŽ
ƒ† –Š‡ †‡•‹–› ‹• ͺέͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵Ǥ Š‡
„‡ǣ
ƒš‹—Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ•–‡‡Ž™‹”‡ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡
ȋͳȌͻǤ͸έͳͲȂͷ  ȋʹȌͻǤ͸έͳͲȂͳͳ 
•—•’‡†‡† ™‹–Š‘—– „”‡ƒ‹‰ —†‡” ‹–• ‘™ ȋ͵ȌͻǤ͸έͳͲ 
Ȃ͵ ȋͶȌͻǤ͸
™‡‹‰Š–‹•ȏ‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȐ PPF008
ȋͳȌͳͶͲ ȋʹȌͳʹͲ 9. „ƒŽŽˆƒŽŽ‹‰‹ƒŽƒ‡‘ˆ†‡’–ŠʹͲͲ•Š‘™•
ȋ͵Ȍ͹ͷ ȋͶȌʹͲͲ ͲǤͳΨ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ ‹–• ˜‘Ž—‡ ƒ– –Š‡ „‘––‘Ǥ
PPF003 Šƒ–‹• –Š‡ „—Ž‘†—Ž—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ
4. Š‡†‹‡•‹‘•‘ˆ–™‘™‹”‡•ƒ†ƒ”‡–Š‡ –Š‡„ƒŽŽǣ
•ƒ‡Ǥ—––Š‡‹”ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ǤŠ‡‹” ȋͳȌͳͻǤ͸έͳͲͺ Ȁʹ ȋʹȌͳͻǤ͸έͳͲȂͳͲ Ȁʹ
Ž‘ƒ†Ǧ‡š–‡•‹‘‰”ƒ’Š•ƒ”‡•Š‘™Ǥ ˆ ƒ† ȋ͵ȌͳͻǤ͸έͳͲͳͲ Ȁʹ ȋͶȌͳͻǤ͸έͳͲȂͺ Ȁʹ
PPF009
ƒ”‡–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›
10. Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‡†‹— ‹• Šƒ‰‡† ˆ”‘
‘ˆƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›–Š‡
 ͳǤͲͳέͳͲͷ ƒ–‘ͳǤͳ͸ͷέͳͲͷ ƒƒ† Šƒ‰‡‹
ȋͳȌ ε
 ˜‘Ž—‡‹•ͳͲ؍‡‡’‹‰–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘•–ƒ–Ǥ
Ž‘ƒ†

ȋʹȌ δ Š‡„—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡†‹—‹•ǣȂ

ȋ͵Ȍ α ‡š–‡•‹‘ ȋͳȌʹͲͶǤͺέͳͲͷ ƒ ȋʹȌͳͲʹǤͶέͳͲͷ ƒ
ȋͶȌ αʹ ȋ͵ȌͷͳǤʹέͳͲͷ ƒ ȋͶȌͳǤͷͷέͳͲͷ ƒ
PPF004 PPF010

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
11. ™‘ ™‹”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ƒ† Ž‡‰–Š 17. Š‡ Ž‘ƒ† ˜‡”•—• ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ ‰”ƒ’Š ˆ‘” ˆ‘—”
„—–†‹ƒ‡–‡”•‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ͳǣʹƒ”‡•–”‡– Š‡† ™‹”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ†•ƒ‡Ž‡‰–Š‹•
„› –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ‡Ǥ Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ’‡” •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‹‡•– ™‹”‡ ‹•
—‹–˜‘Ž—‡ˆ‘”–Š‡–™‘™‹”‡•™Š‡•–”‡– Š‡† ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ 
™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ȋͳȌ 

Ž‘ƒ†

ȋͳȌͳ͸ǣͳ ȋʹȌͶǣͳ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣͳ ȋʹȌ

PPF011 ȋ͵Ȍ
ȋͶȌ Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘
12. ™‡‹‰Š–‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘ƒŽ‘‰‡–ƒŽ™‹”‡Ǥ
ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡•—††‡Ž›„”‡ƒ•ǡ‹–•–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ PPF017
ȋͳȌ”‹•‡• 18. ”‘•• •‡ –‹‘ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ •–‡‡Ž ™‹”‡
ȋʹȌˆƒŽŽ• ȋ α ʹǤͲέͳͲͳͳ ȀʹȌ‹•ͲǤͳ ʹǤŠ‡”‡“—‹”‡†
ȋ͵Ȍ”‡ƒ‹•— Šƒ‰‡† ˆ‘” ‡ǡ–‘ƒ‡‹–•Ž‡‰–Š†‘—„Ž‡™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
ȋͶȌƒ––ƒ‹•ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡Ͳ ȋͳȌʹέͳͲͳʹ ȋʹȌʹέͳͲͳͳ
PPF012 ȋ͵ȌʹέͳͲͳͲ ȋͶȌʹέͳͲ͸
13. ƒ••‘ˆͲǤͷ‰‹••—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘™‹”‡ǡ–Š‡ PPF018
19. Š‡ †‹ƒ‡–‡” ‘ˆ ƒ „”ƒ•• ”‘† ‹• Ͷ  ƒ†
Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ™‹”‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡„›͵–Š‡ˆ‹†‘—–
‘—‰̵• ‘†—Ž—• ‘ˆ „”ƒ•• ‹• ͻ έ ͳͲͳͲ ȀʹǤ
™‘”†‘‡ǣ
Š‡ ˆ‘” ‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ •–”‡– Š „› ͲǤͳΨ ‘ˆ ‹–•
ȋͳȌͶǤͷέͳͲǦ͵ ȋʹȌ͹Ǥ͵έͳͲǦ͵
Ž‡‰–Š‹•ǣ
ȋ͵ȌͻǤ͵έͳͲǦʹ ȋͶȌʹǤͷέͳͲȂʹ
ȋͳȌ͵͸ͲS  ȋʹȌ͵͸
PPF013
ȋ͵ȌͳͶͶS έͳͲ  ͵ ȋͶȌ͵͸S έͳͲͷ
14. ˆ–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‹ƒ™‹”‡‹•‘–‘”‡–ŠƒͳȀͳͲͲͲ
PPF019
ƒ†  α ʹ έ ͳͲͳͳ Ȁʹǡ ‹ƒ‡–‡” ‘ˆ ™‹”‡ ‹•
20. ‘‹••‘ǯ•”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‘–Šƒ˜‡–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡ǣ
ͳǤ Š‡ ƒš‹— ™‡‹‰Š– Š—‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ȋͳȌ ͲǤͳ ȋʹȌͲǤ͹ ȋ͵ȌͲǤʹ ȋͶȌͲǤͷ
™‹”‡‹•ǣǦ
PPF020
ȋͳȌͳͳͲ ȋʹȌͳʹͷ
21. ™‘ ™‹”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ž‡‰–Š ƒ† ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍͳͷ͹ ȋͶȌͳ͸ͺ
„—– †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ”ƒ†‹‹ ”ͳ ƒ† ”ʹ ƒ”‡ •—•’‡†‡†
PPF014 ˆ”‘ƒ”‹‰‹†•—’’‘”–„‘–Š ƒ””›–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‘ƒ†
15. Š‡ƒ–‡•‹‘ ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‹—‹ˆ‘”™‹”‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‘™‡” ‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–”‡••
‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š A ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ”ǡ –Š‡ ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–Š‡•‡ ‘†™‹”‡–‘–Šƒ–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†
’”‘†— ‡†‹•‡Ǥ Š‡–‡•‹‘ʹ ‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡†ǡ–Š‡ ‹–Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‹”‡ ‹•Ȃ
‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘’”‘†— ‡†‹ƒ‘–Š‡”—‹ˆ‘”™‹”‡ ” ”ʹ
ȋͳȌ ͳ ȋʹȌ ͳʹ
‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ʹA ƒ† ”ƒ†‹—• ʹ” ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ •ƒ‡
”ʹ ”ʹ
ͷʹ ͳʹ
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹•ǣȂ §” · §” ·
ȋ͵Ȍ ¨ ͳ ¸ ȋͶȌ ¨ ͳ ¸
ȋͳȌͲǤͷ‡ ȋʹȌͳǤͲ‡ ȋ͵ȌͳǤͷ‡ ȋͶȌʹǤͲ‡ © ”ʹ ¹ © ”ʹ ¹
PPF015 PPF021
16. ‘™ — Š ˆ‘” ‡ ‹• ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ ƒ 22. ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•‹’”‡••—”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‘ˆͲǤʹΨ‹–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆƒ„”ƒ••™‹”‡ –Š‡ʹͲͲŽ‹–”‡•˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹†„›ͲǤͲͲͶΨ‹
‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”ͲǤ͸ ǫ ‘–ƒ‹‡”‹•ǣ
ȏ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•ˆ‘”„”ƒ••αͲǤͻέͳͲͳͳ ȀʹȐ ȋ—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† αʹͳͲͲƒȌ
ȋͳȌ‡ƒ”Ž›ͳ͹ ȋʹȌ‡ƒ”Ž›͵Ͷ ȋͳȌͳͺͺƒ ȋʹȌͺǤͶƒ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡ƒ”Ž›ͷͳ ȋͶȌ‡ƒ”Ž›͸ͺ ȋ͵ȌͳͺǤͺƒ ȋͶȌͺͶƒ
PPF016 PPF022

[ 246 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
23. ˆ ̵̵ ‹• •–”‡•• ƒ† ̵̵ ‹• ‘—‰̵• ‘†—Ž—• ‘ˆ 27Ǥ  ›Ž‹†‡”‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–ŠƒŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆ†‡•‹–›†
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‘ˆ ƒ ™‹”‡ǡ –Š‡ ‡‡”‰› •–‘”‡† ‹ –Š‡ —’–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ŠǤ ˆ–Š‡„‡ƒ‡”‹•ƒ–”‡•–ǡ–Š‡
™‹”‡’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡‹• –Š‡‡ƒ’”‡••—”‡‘–Š‡™ƒŽŽ‹•ǣǦ
Š
 ʹ ʹ ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ȋʹȌŠ†‰ ȋ͵Ȍ †‰ ȋͶȌ ʹŠ†‰
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌʹʹ  ʹ
ʹ ʹ ʹ
PPF027
PPF023
28Ǥ Š‡•’”‹‰„ƒŽƒ ‡”‡ƒ†ʹ‰Ǥ™‹–Šƒ„Ž‘ 
24. ‘”ƒ ‘•–ƒ–Š›†”ƒ—Ž‹ •–”‡••‘ƒ‘„Œ‡ –ǡ
•—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘‹–Ǥ„ƒŽƒ ‡”‡ƒ†•ͷ‰Ǥ
–Š‡ ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡ –̵• ˜‘Ž—‡ ™Š‡ƒ„‡ƒ‡”™‹–ŠŽ‹“—‹†‹•’—–‘–Š‡’ƒ‘ˆ
§ ' · –Š‡ „ƒŽƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ –™‘ „ƒŽƒ ‡• ƒ”‡ ‘™ •‘
¨  ¸ ƒ†‹–•„—Ž‘†—Ž—•ȋȌƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‡†ƒ•ǣ ƒ””ƒ‰‡†–Šƒ––Š‡Šƒ‰‹‰ƒ••‹•‹•‹†‡–Š‡
© ¹
' ' ͳ Ž‹“—‹† ‹ –Š‡ „‡ƒ‡” ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰Ǥ  –Š‹•
ȋͳȌ v ȋʹȌ v •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǣȂ
  
' '
ȋ͵Ȍ v ʹ ȋͶȌ v  ʹ 
 
PPF024

25. ™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šƒ† ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ

‹•ƒ†‡‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•Ǥ
Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ ‹ •–”‡– Š‹‰ –Š‡ ™‹”‡ „› ƒ
ƒ‘—–š‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣǦ ȋͳȌŠ‡„ƒŽƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ†‘”‡–Šƒʹ‰
ȋʹȌŠ‡„ƒŽƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ†‘”‡–Šƒͷ‰
šʹ šʹ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵ȌŠ‡„ƒŽƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ†Ž‡••–Šƒʹ‰ƒ†
 ʹ
™‹ŽŽ”‡ƒ†‘”‡–Šƒͷ‰
ʹ ʹ ȋͶȌ Š‡ „ƒŽƒ ‡  ƒ†  ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ† ʹ ‰ ƒ†
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
š ʹš ͷ‰Ǥ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›
PPF025 PPF028
FLUIDS STATICS 29.  Œƒ” ‹• ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š –™‘ ‘Ǧ‹š‹‰ Ž‹“—‹†•
26Ǥ ™‘˜‡••‡Ž•ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–Š‡•ƒ‡„ƒ•‡ƒ”‡ƒ ͳƒ†ʹŠƒ˜‹‰†‡•‹–‹‡•ƒ†ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
ƒ† ‘–ƒ‹™ƒ–‡”–‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ„—––Š‡
ƒ••‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹‹•ˆ‘—”–‹‡•–Šƒ–‹ǤŠ‡ U1
Liquid 1
”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† –Š”—•– ƒ– –Š‡ „ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ  –‘
–Šƒ–ƒ––Š‡„ƒ•‡‘ˆ‹•ǣǦ U3

Liquid 2 U2
 

•‘Ž‹†„ƒŽŽǡƒ†‡‘ˆƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‘ˆ†‡•‹–›U͵ǡ
‹•†”‘’’‡†‹–Š‡Œƒ”Ǥ – ‘‡•–‘‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—
‹–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘•Š‘™‹–Š‡ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‹ Š‘ˆ
A A
 –Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•–”—‡ˆ‘”UͳǡUʹ ƬU͵
ȋͳȌͶǣͳ ȋʹȌʹǣͳ ȋͳȌU͵ δUͳ δUʹ ȋʹȌUͳ εU͵ εUʹ
ȋ͵Ȍͳǣͳ ȋͶȌͳ͸ǣͳ ȋ͵ȌUͳ δUʹ δU͵ ȋͶȌUͳ δU͵ δUʹ
PPF026 PPF029

[Link] [ 247 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
30Ǥ „‘ƒ–Šƒ˜‹‰ƒŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ͵‡–”‡ƒ†„”‡ƒ†–Š 35Ǥ ̵‘””̵‹•–Š‡—‹–‘ˆǣǦ
ʹ‡–”‡‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‘ƒŽƒ‡ǤŠ‡„‘ƒ–•‹•„› ȋͳȌ”‡••—”‡ ȋʹȌ‡•‹–›
‘‡ ™Š‡ƒƒ‰‡–•‘‹–ǤŠ‡ƒ••‘ˆ–Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍ‘Ž—‡ ȋͶȌ Ž—š
ƒ‹• PPF035
ȋͳȌ͸Ͳ‰ ȋʹȌ͸ʹ‰ 36Ǥ •’Š‡”‡‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‹™ƒ–‡”‹–•ͳȀ͵”†’ƒ”–‹•
ȋ͵Ȍ͹ʹ‰ ȋͶȌͳʹͺ‰ ‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡™ƒ–‡”ƒ†™Š‡•’Š‡”‡‹•ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰
PPF030 ͵
‹—‘™Ž‹“—‹†ǡ‹–• –Š’ƒ”–‹•‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡
31Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ„Ž‘ ‹•ͻͺͳ‰Ȁ͵ –Š‡‹– Ͷ
•ŠƒŽŽ Ž‹“—‹†–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•
ȋͳȌ‹‹™ƒ–‡” ȋͳȌͶȀͻ‰Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹȌͻȀͶ‰Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ
ȋʹȌˆŽ‘ƒ–™‹–Š•‘‡’ƒ”–‡‡”•‡†‹™ƒ–‡” ȋ͵ȌͺȀ͵‰Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͶȌ͵Ȁͺ‰Ȁ Ǥ Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌˆŽ‘ƒ– ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›‹‡”•‡†‹™ƒ–‡” PPF036
37Ǥ Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰™‘”•‘ƒ• ƒŽ̵•Žƒ™ǫ
ȋͶȌˆŽ‘ƒ– ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›‘—–‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ
ȋͳȌ’”ƒ›‡” ȋʹȌ ‡–—”‹‡–‡”
PPF031
ȋ͵Ȍ ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ Ž‹ˆ– ȋͶȌ ƒ”‘‡–‡”
32. ™‘‘†‡„Ž‘ ǡ™‹–Šƒ ‘‹’Žƒ ‡†‘‹–•–‘’ǡ
PPF037
ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹™ƒ–‡”ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡†‹•–ƒ ‡
38Ǥ  ‘„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ ™‡‹‰Š–  ƒ† †‡•‹–› U ‹•
A ƒ†Šƒ”‡•Š‘™–Š‡”‡Ǥˆ–‡”•‘‡–‹‡–Š‡
•—„‡”‰‡† ‹ ƒ ˆŽ—‹† ‘ˆ †‡•‹–› UͳǤ –•
‘‹ˆƒŽŽ•‹–‘–Š‡™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡ǣȂ ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡–™‡‹‰Š–™‹ŽŽ„‡
‘‹ (U  U1 )
ȋͳȌ ȋ U Uͳ Ȍ ȋʹȌ
W

A § U ·
ȋ͵Ȍ  ¨ ͳ  ͳ ¸ ȋͶȌ ȋUͳ  UȌ
Š © U¹
PPF038
39Ǥ Š‹ Š Žƒ™ •–ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ
ȋͳȌκ †‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•
’”‡••—”‡™‹–Š‹ˆŽ—‹†‹•‡“—ƒŽ‹ƒŽŽ’ƒ”–•ǫ
ȋʹȌκ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ†Š†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•
ȋͳȌƒ• ƒŽ̵•Žƒ™ ȋʹȌ ƒ›Ǧ—•ƒ ̵•Žƒ™
ȋ͵Ȍ„‘–Šκ ƒ†Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‡
ȋ͵ȌƒŽ–‘̵•Žƒ™ ȋͶȌ‘›Ž‡̵•Žƒ™
ȋͶȌ„‘–Šκ ƒ†Š†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡
PPF039
PPF032
40Ǥ „‘†›‡ƒ•—”‡•ͷ‹ƒ‹”ƒ†ʹ™Š‡’—–
33Ǥ  ’‹‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ‡ ‹• ˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰ ‹ ƒ Œƒ” ‘–ƒ‹‹‰
‹™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡„—‘›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡‹•
™ƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ‹ ‡ ‡Ž–•ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ͹ ȋʹȌͻ
™ƒ–‡”ǣǦ
ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
ȋͳȌ‹•‡•
PPF040
ȋʹȌ ƒŽŽ•
41Ǥ ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ ’”‡••‹•„ƒ•‡†—’‘
ȋ͵Ȍ‡ƒ‹•— Šƒ‰‡†
ȋͳȌ” Š‹‡†‡̵•’”‹ ‹’Ž‡
ȋͶȌ Šƒ‰‡•‡””ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›
ȋʹȌ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡
PPF033
ȋ͵Ȍƒ• ƒŽ̵•Žƒ™
34Ǥ  •ƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ‡–ƒŽ ™‡‹‰Š–• ʹͳͲ ‰”ƒ ‹ ƒ‹”ǡ
ȋͶȌ—”‹ǯ•Žƒ™
ͳͺͲ ‰”ƒ ‹ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ† ͳʹͲ ‰”ƒ ‹ ƒ
PPF041
—‘™Ž‹“—‹†ǤŠ‡ǣǦ
42Ǥ ™‘‘†‡„Ž‘ ‹•–ƒ‡–‘–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆƒŽƒ‡
ȋͳȌ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ‹•͵‰Ȁ ͵
‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ƒ†–Š‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ‹–”‹•‡—’™‹–Šƒ
ȋʹȌ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ‹•͹‰Ȁ ͵
ȋͳȌ‘•–ƒ–ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋ͵Ȍ†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ‹•Ͷ–‹‡•–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ
ȋʹȌ‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ƒ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘
–Š‡—‘™Ž‹“—‹†
ȋ͵Ȍ‘•–ƒ–˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
ȋͶȌ–Š‡‡–ƒŽ™‹ŽŽˆŽ‘ƒ–‹™ƒ–‡”
ȋͶȌ‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›
PPF034
PPF042

[ 248 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
FLUIDS DYNAMICS 47Ǥ –ƒ‘ˆŠ‡‹‰Š–ͷ‹•ˆ—ŽŽ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ
43Ǥ ™‘ ™ƒ–‡” ’‹’‡•  ƒ†  Šƒ˜‹‰ †‹ƒ‡–‡” Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”‘•• •‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ͳ ʹ ‹ ‹–•
ʹ έ ͳͲȂʹ  ƒ† Ͷ έ ͳͲȂʹ  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ƒ”‡ „‘––‘ǤŠ‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ
Œ‘‹‡†‹•‡”‹‡•™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹•—’’Ž›Ž‹‡‘ˆ ‘‡‘—–ˆ”‘–Š‹•Š‘Ž‡’‡”•‡ ‘†‹•
™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ˆŽ‘™‹‰‹’‹’‡‹• ȋͳȌͳͲȂ͵͵Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳͲȂͶ͵Ȁ•
ȋͳȌͶ–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ ȋʹȌʹ–‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ͵Ȁ• ȋͶȌͳͲȂʹ͵Ȁ•Ǥ
ͳ ͳ PPF047
ȋ͵Ȍ –‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ ȋͶȌ –‹‡•–Šƒ–‘ˆ
ʹ Ͷ 48. Š‡’”‡••—”‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹ƒ™ƒ–‡”’‹’‡™Š‡–ƒ’
PPF043 ‹•‘’‡‡†ƒ† Ž‘•‡†‹•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›͵έͳͲͷ Ȁʹ
44Ǥ Š‡ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ –—„‡ ‘ˆ ƒ •’”ƒ› ’—’ Šƒ• ƒ ƒ† ͵Ǥͷ έ ͳͲͷ ȀʹǤ ‹–Š ‘’‡ –ƒ’ǡ –Š‡
”ƒ†‹—• ǡ ‘‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ•  ˆ‹‡ Š‘Ž‡•ǡ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ˆŽ‘™‹‰‹•
‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ”Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋͳȌͳͲȀ• ȋʹȌͷȀ•
Ž‹“—‹†‹–Š‡–—„‡‹•˜ǡ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ‡Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ
ȋ͵ȌʹͲȀ• ȋͶȌͳͷȀ•
–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Š‘Ž‡‹• ǣǦ
ͳ PPF048
˜§· ˜§· ʹ
ȋͳȌ ¨ ¸ ȋʹȌ ¨ ¸ 49. Š‡ˆŽ‘™•’‡‡†•‘ˆƒ‹”‘–Š‡Ž‘™‡”ƒ†—’’‡”
© ” ¹ © ” ¹
•—”ˆƒ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹‰‘ˆƒƒ‡”‘’Žƒ‡ƒ”‡˜ƒ†
͵ ʹ
˜§· ʹ ˜§· ʹ ˜”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆƒ‹”‹•U ƒ†
ȋ͵Ȍ ¨ ¸ ȋͶȌ ¨ ¸
© ” ¹ © ” ¹ •—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ™‹‰‹•ǤŠ‡†›ƒ‹ Ž‹ˆ–‘
PPF044 –Š‡™‹‰‹•ǣ
45. ƒ–‡” ˆ”‘ ƒ –ƒ’ ‡‡”‰‡• ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ› ȋͳȌU˜ʹ ȋʹȌ ʹ U˜ʹ
†‘™™ƒ”†•™‹–Šƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽ•’‡‡†‘ˆͳǤͲȀ•Ǥ
ȋ͵ȌȋͳȀʹȌU˜ʹ ȋͶȌʹU˜ʹ
Š‡ ”‘••Ȃ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –ƒ’ ‹• ͳͲȂͶ ʹǤ
PPF049
••—‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ ‹• ‘•–ƒ–
50Ǥ  ‹ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ ˆŽ—‹† ˆŽ‘™• •–‡ƒ†‹Ž›
–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡•–”‡ƒ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡
–Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ ’‹’‡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ• ”ƒ†‹—•
ˆŽ‘™ ‹• •–‡ƒ†›ǡ –Š‡ ”‘••Ȃ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ
ʹ ƒ–’‘‹–ƒ†”ƒ†‹—• ƒ–’‘‹–ˆƒ”–Š‡”
•–”‡ƒͲǤͳͷ„‡Ž‘™–Š‡–ƒ’‹•ǣȂ
ȋͳȌͷǤͲέͳͲȂͶ ʹ ȋʹȌͳǤͲέͳͲȂͶ ʹ ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ˆŽ‘™ †‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ–
ȋ͵ȌͷǤͲέͳͲȂͷ ʹ ȋͶȌʹǤͲέͳͲȂͷ ʹ ’‘‹–‹•˜ǡ‹–•˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–’‘‹–‹•ǣǦ
PPF045 ˜
ȋͳȌʹ˜ ȋʹȌ˜ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌͶ˜
46. ƒ–‡”ˆŽ‘™•–Š”‘—‰Šƒˆ”‹ –‹‘Ž‡••†— –™‹–Šƒ ʹ
”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ ˜ƒ”›‹‰ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡Ǥ PPF050
”‡••—”‡  ƒ– ’‘‹–• ƒŽ‘‰ –Š‡ ƒš‹• ‹• 51Ǥ ƒ–‡” ‹• ˆŽ‘™‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘”
”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„› ”ƒ†‹—•–—„‡Ǥ ˆ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ‡–”›ƒ†
‡š‹–‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’‹’‡‹•͵ǣʹ–Š‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‡–”‹‰ƒ†‡š‹–Ž‹“—‹†‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌͶǣͻ ȋʹȌͻǣͶ ȋ͵Ȍͺǣʹ͹ ȋͶȌͳǣͳ
 PPF051

ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ 52Ǥ  ƒ‡”‘’Žƒ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ•• ͵ έ ͳͲ ‰ ƒ† –‘–ƒŽ
Ͷ

™‹‰ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆͳʹͲʹ‹•‹ƒŽ‡˜‡ŽˆŽ‹‰Š–ƒ–•‘‡
š š
Š‡‹‰Š–Ǥ Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‹ ’”‡••—”‡ „‡–™‡‡
 
–Š‡—’’‡”ƒ†Ž‘™‡”•—”ˆƒ ‡•‘ˆ‹–•™‹‰•‹
ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
‹Ž‘’ƒ• ƒŽ•‹•ȋ‰ α ͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
š š ȋͳȌʹǤͷ ȋʹȌͷǤͲ ȋ͵ȌͳͲǤͲ ȋͶȌͳʹǤͷ
PPF046 PPF052

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
53Ǥ  ‡–•’”ƒ›‡”‹•„ƒ•‡†‘ 59. ˆ –Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ •’‡‡† ‘ˆ ƒ •’Š‡”‡ ‘ˆ ‰‘Ž†
ȋͳȌŠƒ”Ž‡̵•Žƒ™ ȋ†‡•‹–›αͳͻǤͷ‰Ȁ͵Ȍ‹•ͲǤʹȀ•‹ƒ˜‹• ‘—•
ȋʹȌ” Š‹‡†‡̵•’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ Ž‹“—‹† ȋ†‡•‹–› α ͳǤͷ ‰Ȁ͵Ȍǡ ˆ‹† –Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍ‘›Ž‡̵•Žƒ™ •’‡‡†‘ˆƒ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ•‹Ž˜‡”ȋ†‡•‹–› α ͳͲǤͷ‰Ȁ͵Ȍ
ȋͶȌ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•–Š‡‘”‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹œ‡‹–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
PPF053 ȋͳȌͲǤͶȀ• ȋʹȌͲǤͳ͵͵Ȁ•
54Ǥ ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•‡“—ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•–‡ƒ†›ǡ‘Ǧ˜‹• ‘—•ǡ ȋ͵ȌͲǤͳȀ• ȋͶȌͲǤʹȀ•
‹Ǧ ‘’”‡••‹„Ž‡ˆŽ‘™‡š’”‡••‡•–Š‡ PPF059
ȋͳȌ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‰—Žƒ”‘‡–— 60Ǥ ’‡‡†‘ˆʹ ”ƒ†‹—•„ƒŽŽ‹ƒ˜‹• ‘—•Ž‹“—‹†‹•
ȋʹȌ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‡•‹–› ʹͲ Ȁ•ǤŠ‡–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆͳ ”ƒ†‹—•„ƒŽŽ‹
ȋ͵Ȍ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘‡–— –Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹“—‹†‹•
ȋͶȌ‘•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ Šƒ‹ ƒŽ‡‡”‰›Ǥ ȋͳȌͷ Ȁ• ȋʹȌͳͲ Ȁ•
PPF054 ȋ͵ȌͶͲ Ȁ• ȋͶȌͺͲ Ȁ•
55Ǥ ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵• –Š‡‘”‡ ƒ „‡ PPF060
•‡‡‹ 61Ǥ Š‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆˆƒŽŽ‹‰”ƒ‹†”‘’ƒ––ƒ‹Ž‹‹–‡†
˜ƒŽ—‡„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ›ƒ‹ Ž‹ˆ––‘ƒ‡”‘’Žƒ‡
ȋͳȌ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
ȋʹȌ ›†”ƒ—Ž‹ ’”‡••
ȋʹȌ—’–Š”—•–†—‡–‘ƒ‹”
ȋ͵Ȍ’‡‡†‘ƒ–
ȋ͵Ȍ˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†„›ƒ‹”
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
ȋͶȌƒ‹” —””‡–
PPF055
PPF061
56Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ˆŽ‘™‹‰ ‹ ƒ ‘Ǧ
62Ǥ ‘‹•‡‹•–Š‡—‹–‘ˆ
—‹ˆ‘”–—„‡‹•ʹͲ Ȁ•ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–™Š‡”‡–Š‡
ȋͳȌ”‡••—”‡ ȋʹȌ ”‹ –‹‘
–—„‡”ƒ†‹—•‹•ͲǤʹ ǤŠ‡˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ƒ–ƒ‘–Š‡”
ȋ͵Ȍ—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ ȋͶȌ‹• ‘•‹–›
’‘‹–ǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‹•ͲǤͳ ‹•
PPF062
ȋͳȌͺͲ Ȁ• ȋʹȌͶͲ Ȁ•
63Ǥ ™‘”ƒ‹†”‘’•ˆƒŽŽ‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šƒ‹”Šƒ˜‡”ƒ†‹‹
ȋ͵ȌʹͲ Ȁ• ȋͶȌͷ Ȁ•
‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ͳǣʹǤ Š‡› ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ
PPF056
˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
VISCOSITY ȋͳȌͶǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣͶ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣʹ
57Ǥ •ƒŽŽ†”‘’‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘”‡•––Š”‘—‰Š PPF063
ƒŽƒ”‰‡Š‡‹‰Š–Š‹ƒ‹”ǤŠ‡ˆ‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‹• 64Ǥ •’Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ••ƒ†”ƒ†‹—•‹•ˆƒŽŽ‹‰‹ƒ
ȋͳȌƒŽ‘•–‹†‡’‡†‡–‘ˆŠ ˜‹• ‘—• ˆŽ—‹†Ǥ Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ƒ––ƒ‹‡†
ȋʹȌ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ Š „›–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‹‰‘„Œ‡ –™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘
ȋ͵Ȍ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘Š ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌȀ
ȋͶȌ‹˜‡”•‡Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘Š ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌȀʹ
PPF057 PPF064
58Ǥ ™‘†”‘’•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽ”ƒ†‹—•ƒ”‡ˆƒŽŽ‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š 65Ǥ †”‘’‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤͲͲͳͷ‹•ˆƒŽŽ‹‰
ƒ‹”™‹–Šƒ•–‡ƒ†›˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆͷ Ȁ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡–™‘ ‹ ƒ‹”Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ ˜‹• ‘•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ‹” ‹•
†”‘’• ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ǡ–Š‡‹–•–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›™‹ŽŽ ʹǤͲέͳͲȂͷ ‰ȀȋǦ•Ȍǡ–Š‡–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆ
„‡Ǧ –Š‡ †”‘’ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ȋŠ‡ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡”
ͳ
ȋͳȌ Ͷ ͵ u ͷ Ȁ•
ͳ
ȋʹȌ Ͷ ͵ Ȁ• αͳǤͲέͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ ƒ†‰αͳͲȀ•ʹȌ
ͳ ʹ
ȋͳȌͳǤͲέͳͲȂͶ Ȁ• ȋʹȌʹǤͲέͳͲȂͶ Ȁ•
ȋ͵Ȍ ͷ ͵ u Ͷ Ȁ• ȋͶȌ Ͷ ͵ u ͷ Ȁ• ȋ͵ȌʹǤͷέͳͲȂͶ Ȁ• ȋͶȌͷǤͲέͳͲȂͶ Ȁ•
PPF058 PPF065

[ 250 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
SURFACE TENSION 71. ˆƒŽ•‡•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•ǣ
66. ’‹†‡”• ƒ† ‹•‡ –• ‘˜‡ ƒ† ”— ƒ„‘—– ‘ ȋͳȌ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –T δͻͲιǡ‹ˆ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡
–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”™‹–Š‘—–•‹‹‰„‡ ƒ—•‡ǣ 䃆Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡έ ʹ
ȋͳȌŽƒ•–‹ ‡„”ƒ‡‹•ˆ‘”‡†‘™ƒ–‡”†—‡ ȋʹȌ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –T εͻͲιǡ‹ˆ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡
–‘’”‘’‡”›‘ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ 僆Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡έ ʹ
ȋʹȌ’‹†‡”•ƒ†‹•‡ –•ƒ”‡Ž‹‰–Š‡” ȋ͵Ȍ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –T αͻͲιǡ‹ˆ ‘Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡
ȋ͵Ȍ’‹†‡”•ƒ†‹•‡ –••™‹‘™ƒ–‡” ჆Š‡•‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡έ ʹ
ȋͶȌ ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹•”‡†— ‡†–‘ŠƒŽˆǡ
ȋͶȌ’‹†‡”•ƒ†‹•‡ –•‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡—’Ǧ–Š”—•–
–Š‡ ”‹•‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ‘Ž— „‡ ‘‡• ˆ‘—”
PPF066 –‹‡•
67. –Š‹Ž‹“—‹†ˆ‹Žˆ‘”‡†„‡–™‡‡ƒǦ•Šƒ’‡† PPF071
™‹”‡ ƒ† ƒ Ž‹‰Š– •Ž‹†‡” •—’’‘”–• ƒ ™‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ 72. ˆƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”‹•†‹’’‡†‹™ƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡
ͳǤͷ έ ͳͲȂʹ  ȋ•‡‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌǤ Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–”‹•‡•‹‹–‹•Šƒ†‹–•ƒ••
•Ž‹†‡”‹•͵Ͳ ƒ†‹–•™‡‹‰Š–‡‰Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡ǤŠ‡ ‹•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹•†‘—„Ž‡†
–Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” –Šƒ– ”‹•‡• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ˆ‹Ž‹•ǣǦ
™‹ŽŽ„‡
ȋͳȌͲǤͲʹͷȀ 
‹Ž ȋͳȌͶ ȋʹȌʹ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ȋʹȌͲǤͲͳʹͷȀ ʹ
ȋ͵ȌͲǤͳȀ PPF072
ȋͶȌͲǤͲͷȀ ™ 73.  †‹’’‹‰ ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—• ̵”̵‹ ™ƒ–‡”ǡ
PPF067 ™ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• —’–‘ ƒ Š‡‹‰Š–  ƒ† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•—ͳǤ ˆƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹ”
68. Ž‹“—‹††”‘’‘ˆ†‹ƒ‡–‡”„”‡ƒ•‹–‘ʹ͹–‹›
‹•†‹’’‡†‹™ƒ–‡”ǡ–Š‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡‡”‰›
†”‘’•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ– Šƒ‰‡‹‡‡”‰›‹•Ȃ —
‹•—ʹǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘ ͳ ‹•
ȋͳȌʹS ʹ ȋʹȌͶS ʹ —ʹ
ȋ͵ȌS ʹ ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ȋͳȌʹǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣʹ ȋ͵ȌͶǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣͳ
PPF068 PPF073
69. Š‡ ‡š ‡•• ’”‡••—”‡ ‹•‹†‡ ƒ ƒ‹” „—„„Ž‡ ‘ˆ 74Ǥ ˜‡••‡Žǡ™Š‘•‡„‘––‘Šƒ•”‘—†Š‘Ž‡•™‹–Š
†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆͲǤͳǡ‹•ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š™ƒ–‡”ǤŠ‡
”ƒ†‹—•”Œ—•–„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•’ͳǤ
ƒš‹— Š‡‹‰Š– –‘ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ „‡
Š‡‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ†”‘’‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‘—–Ž‡ƒƒ‰‡‹•ǣȂ
”ƒ†‹—• Œ—•– ‘—–•‹†‡ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‹• ’ʹǤ ˆ  ‹• ȋǤǤ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”α͹ͷ†›‡Ȁ ǡ‰αͳͲͲͲ Ȁ•ʹȌ
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ǡ–Š‡ ȋͳȌͳͲͲ  ȋʹȌ͹ͷ 
ȋͳȌ’ͳ αʹ’ʹ ȋʹȌ’ͳ α’ʹ ȋ͵ȌͷͲ  ȋͶȌ͵Ͳ 
PPF074
ȋ͵Ȍ’ʹ αʹ’ͳ ȋͶȌ’ʹ αͲǡ’ͳ z Ͳ
75.  ƒ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡– ™‹–Š ƒ
PPF069 ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘ͲǤͳǤ ˆ–Š‡
70. ™ƒ–‡”†”‘’‹•†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘ͺ‡“—ƒŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•Ǥ •ƒ‡‡š’‡”‹‡–‹•”‡’‡ƒ–‡†‘ƒƒ”–‹ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ
Š‡ ’”‡••—”‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡” ƒ† •ƒ–‡ŽŽ‹–‡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ”‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰ ”‘—† –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Šǡ
‘—–‡”•‹†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„‹‰†”‘’ ™ƒ–‡” ™‹ŽŽ ”‹•‡ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ —’ –‘ ƒ
Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ
ȋͳȌ™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ‡”†”‘’Ž‡–
ȋͳȌͲǤͳ
ȋʹȌ™‹ŽŽ„‡ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Šƒ–ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ‡”†”‘’Ž‡–
ȋʹȌͲǤͻͺ
ȋ͵Ȍ ™‹ŽŽ„‡‘‡Ǧˆ‘”–Š‘ˆ–Šƒ–ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ‡”†”‘’Ž‡– ȋ͵ȌͻǤͺ
ȋͶȌ™‹ŽŽ„‡–™‹ ‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–ˆ‘”•ƒŽŽ‡”†”‘’Ž‡–Ǥ ȋͶȌˆ—ŽŽŽ‡‰–Š‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡
PPF070 PPF075

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
76. •‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‹˜ƒ ——Šƒ•ƒ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ͵  83. ™‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”ƒ”‡’—–
ƒ† ƒ‘–Š‡” •‘ƒ’ „—„„Ž‡ ‹ ˜ƒ —— Šƒ• ƒ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘‡ ‡ƒ Š ‹ –™‘ Ž‹“—‹†• ™Š‘•‡
”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ Ͷ Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ „—„„Ž‡• ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‡•‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡ͲǤͺƒ†ͲǤ͸ƒ†•—”ˆƒ ‡
—†‡” ‹•‘–Š‡”ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• –‡•‹‘• ƒ”‡ ͸Ͳ †›‡Ȁ  ƒ† ͷͲ †›‡Ȁ 
‘ˆ–Š‡‡™„—„„Ž‡‹•ǣ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥƒ–‹‘‘ˆŠ‡‹‰Š–•‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†•‹–Š‡
ȋͳȌʹǤ͵  ȋʹȌͶǤͷ  ȋ͵Ȍͷ  ȋͶȌ͹  –™‘–—„‡•ŠͳȀŠʹ ‹•ǣ
PPF076 ͳͲ ͵ ͳͲ ͻ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
77. Š‡•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ”ƒ‹Ǧ†”‘’ ‹•†—‡–‘ ͻ ͳͲ ͵ ͳͲ
ȋͳȌ‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† PPF083
ȋʹȌ—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ 84. Š‡ ’”‘’‡”–› —–‹Ž‹œ‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ –—”‡ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ Ž‡ƒ†•Š‘–•‹•ǣ
ȋͶȌ ”ƒ˜‹–› ȋͳȌ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†Ž‡ƒ†
PPF077 ȋʹȌ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰”ƒ˜‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†Ž‡ƒ†
78. ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ǡ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•„›ͳǤʹǤŠ‡ ȋ͵Ȍ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†Ž‡ƒ†
Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” –Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ”‹•‡ ‹ ƒ‘–Š‡” ȋͶȌ—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†Ž‡ƒ†
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ŠƒŽˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ PPF084
ˆ‹”•–ǡ‹•ǣ 85. —”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹†‹•ͷȀǤ ˆ‹–•–Š‹
ȋͳȌͳǤʹ ȋʹȌʹǤͶ ˆ‹Ž‹•ƒ†‡‹ƒ”‹‰‘ˆƒ”‡ƒͲǤͲʹʹǡ–Š‡‹–•
ȋ͵ȌͲǤ͸ ȋͶȌͲǤͶ
•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰›™‹ŽŽ„‡Ȃ
PPF078
ȋͳȌͷέͳͲȂʹ ‘—Ž‡ ȋʹȌʹǤͷέͳͲȂʹ ‘—Ž‡
79. ƒ–‡””‹•‡•–‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–Š‹ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ––Š‡
ȋ͵Ȍ͵έͳͲȂͳ ‘—Ž‡ ȋͶȌʹέͳͲȂͳ ‘—Ž‡
•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘‘
PPF085
–Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‘Ž— ‹ –Š‡ •ƒ‡
86. ˆ ‘‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‹• †‹’’‡† ‹–‘
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
™ƒ–‡” –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• —’ –‘ ͵ Ǥ ˆ –Š‡
ȋͳȌ͸Š ȋʹȌͳȀ͸Š
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•͹ͷέͳͲȂ͵ Ȁ–Š‡
ȋ͵ȌŠ ȋͶȌ‡”‘
–Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡™‹ŽŽ„‡
PPF079
ȋͳȌͲǤͳ ȋʹȌͲǤͷ
80. Šƒ’‡‘ˆ‡‹• —•ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆœ‡”‘ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍͳ ȋͶȌʹ
‘–ƒ –‹•Ǧ
PPF086
ȋͳȌ’Žƒ‡ ȋʹȌ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Ž‹
87. ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆƒŽ‹“—‹†‹•ƒ†‹–•
ȋ͵ȌŠ‡‹Ǧ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ ȋͶȌ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ
•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›ǡ–Š‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
PPF080
‡‡”‰›‘ˆ–Šƒ–•—”ˆƒ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›Ǧ
81. —‡–‘ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ‹“—‹†™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡‹ƒ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌȀ ȋ͵Ȍʹ ȋͶȌʹʹ
–—„‡‹ˆƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•
PPF087
ȋͳȌƒ —–‡ ȋʹȌ‘„–—•‡
88. ™‘•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡•‘ˆ”ƒ†‹‹”ͳ ƒ†”ʹ ‡“—ƒŽ–‘
ȋ͵ȌͻͲι ȋͶȌͳͺͲι
PPF081 Ͷ ƒ†ͷ ƒ”‡–‘— Š‹‰‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”‘˜‡”ƒ
82. ™‘†”‘’Ž‡–•‡”‰‡™‹–Š‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ƒ†ˆ‘” ‘‘ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ͳʹ ȋ•Š‘™ ‹ ˆ‹‰—”‡ȌǤ –•
ƒŽƒ”‰‡†”‘’Ž‡–Ǥ –Š‹•’”‘ ‡••ǣ ”ƒ†‹—•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ͳ
ȋͳȌ‡”‰›‹•Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡†  ȋͳȌͶ Ǥ Ͷ  ͷ 
ȋʹȌ‡”‰›‹•ƒ„•‘”„‡† ȋʹȌʹͲ Ǥ
ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡‹–Š‡”Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡†‘”ƒ„•‘”„‡† ȋ͵Ȍͷ Ǥ
ȋͶȌ‘‡ƒ••‹• ‘˜‡”–‡†‹–‘‡‡”‰› ȋͶȌͶǤͷ Ǥ
PPF082 PPF088

[ 252 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
89. Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‹•”ǤŠ‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ 95. ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡ ‹ ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› —’–‘ ƒ ‡š–‡•‹‘
–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ƒ’ •‘Ž—–‹‘ ‹• Ǥ ‡‡’‹‰ Š‡‹‰Š– •— Š –Šƒ– —’™ƒ”† ˆ‘” ‡ ‘ˆ •—”ˆƒ ‡
–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘•–ƒ–ǡ–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ƒ’ –‡•‹‘„ƒŽƒ ‡•–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ͹ͷέͳͲȂͶ Ǥ†—‡
„—„„Ž‡ ‹• †‘—„Ž‡†ǡ –Š‡ ‡‡”‰› ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ˆ‘” –‘™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”
–Š‹•™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‹•͸έͳͲȂʹ ȀǤŠ‡‹–‡”ƒŽ ‹” —ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ
ȋͳȌʹͶS ”ʹ ȋʹȌͺS ”ʹ –Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›—•–„‡ǣǦ
ȋͳȌͳʹǤͷέͳͲȂʹ  ȋʹȌ͸ǤͷέͳͲȂʹ 
ȋ͵ȌͳʹS ”ʹ ȋͶȌͳ͸S ”ʹ
ȋ͵ȌͲǤͷέͳͲȂʹ ȋͶȌͳǤʹͷέͳͲȂʹ 
PPF089
PPF095
90. Ž‹“—‹††‘‡•‘–™‡––Š‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ•‘Ž‹†ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡
96. ™‘•ƒŽŽ†”‘’•‘ˆ‡” —”›ǡ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ǡ
ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹• ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡–‘ˆ‘”ƒ•‹‰Ž‡Žƒ”‰‡†”‘’ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ•—”ˆƒ ‡‡‡”‰‹‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”
ȋʹȌ„–—•‡ȋ‘”‡–ŠƒͻͲιȌ –Š‡ Šƒ‰‡‹•ǣȂ
ȋ͵Ȍ —–‡ȋŽ‡••–ŠƒͻͲιȌ ȋͳȌͳǣʹͳȀ͵ ȋʹȌʹͳȀ͵ ǣͳ
ȋͶȌͶͷι ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͳ ȋͶȌͳǣʹ
PPF090 PPF096
91. Š‡‡š ‡••‘ˆ’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡ 97. •‹†‡ƒ†”‘’‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•ƒš‹—‹ǣǦ
–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡‘—–‡”’”‡••—”‡‹•ǣ ȋͳȌͲǤʹͲͲP†‹ƒ‡–‡”
ʹ Ͷ   ȋʹȌʹͲǤͲP†‹ƒ‡–‡”
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
” ” ʹ” ” ȋ͵ȌʹͲͲP†‹ƒ‡–‡”
PPF091 ȋͶȌʹǤͲP†‹ƒ‡–‡”
92. ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ǡƒ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽ͵Ͳ  PPF097
Ž‘‰ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‹• †‹’’‡† ‹ ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ 98. Š‡†‹ƒ‡–‡”‘ˆ‘‡†”‘’‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͲǤʹ Ǥ
™ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• —’ –‘ ƒ Š‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ͳͲ  †—‡ –‘ Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ ‹ „”‡ƒ‹‰ ‘‡ †”‘’ ‹–‘
ͳͲͲͲ‡“—ƒŽ†”‘’Ž‡–•™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣǦ
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›ƒ –‹‘Ǥ ˆ–Š‹•‡š’‡”‹‡–‹• ‘†— –‡†
ȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”α͹έͳͲȂʹ ȀȌ
‹ ƒ ˆ”‡‡Ž› ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ ‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‘”ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ –Š‡
ȋͳȌ͹ǤͻέͳͲȂ͸ ȋʹȌͷǤͻʹέͳͲȂ͸
™ƒ–‡” ‘Ž—„‡ ‘‡• ǣ
ȋ͵ȌʹǤͻʹέͳͲȂ͸ ȋͶȌͳǤͻʹέͳͲȂ͸
ȋͳȌͳͲ  ȋʹȌʹͲ  ȋ͵Ȍ͵Ͳ  ȋͶȌ‡”‘
PPF098
PPF092
99. ˆ –™‘ „—„„Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹‹ ͲǤͲ͵  ƒ† ͲǤͲͶ 
93. ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›‹•ʹέͳͲ ǤŽ‹“—‹†‘ˆ
Ȃ͵
‘‡ ‹ ‘–ƒ – ™‹–Š ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” –Š‡ –Š‡
™‡‹‰Š– ͸Ǥʹ έ ͳͲȂͶ  ƒ› ”‡ƒ‹ ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ —”˜ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘•—”ˆƒ ‡̵”̵
ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ‹•‰‹˜‡„›Ǥ
™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ ȋͳȌͲǤͲ͵  ȋʹȌͲǤͲ͸ 
ȋͳȌͷέͳͲȂ͵ Ȁ ȋʹȌͷέͳͲȂʹ Ȁ ȋ͵ȌͲǤͳʹ  ȋͶȌͲǤʹͶ 
ȋ͵ȌͷȀ ȋͶȌͷͲȀ PPF099
PPF093 100. ‘”†‘‡‹ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•
94.  ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ” ƒ •—’’‘”– ƒ  ‹• Ǥ Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ ‹• ˆ‘”‹‰ ƒ •‘ƒ’
Ž‹“—‹†‘ˆ™‡‹‰Š–͸ǤʹͺέͳͲȂͶ Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡ „—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵ʹ̵™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹“—‹† ‹• ͷ έ ͳͲȂʹ ȀǤ Š‡ ȋͳȌʹ ȋʹȌͶ ȋ͵ȌȀʹ ȋ͵ȌȀͶ
”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›—•–„‡ǣǦ PPF100
ȋͳȌʹέͳͲȂ͵  ȋʹȌʹέͳͲȂͶ  101. –™Š‹ Šƒ‰Ž‡Ž‹“—‹†™‹ŽŽ‘–™‡–•‘Ž‹†Ǥ
ȋͳȌ‡”‘ ȋʹȌƒ —–‡
ȋ͵ȌͳǤͷέͳͲȂ͵  ȋͶȌͳʹǤͷέͳͲȂͶ 
ȋ͵ȌͶͷι ȋͶȌ‘„–—•‡
PPF094
PPF101

[Link] [ 253 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
ͳ 105. ††‹‰†‡–‡”‰‡–•–‘™ƒ–‡”Š‡Ž’•‹”‡‘˜‹‰
102. –‡”ƒŽ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‹• 
ʹͺ †‹”–›‰”‡ƒ•›•–ƒ‹•ǤŠ‹•‹•„‡ ƒ—•‡
ƒ† •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡” ͹Ͳ†›‡Ȁ ǡ‹ˆ ȋƒȌ –‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡‘‹ŽǦ™ƒ–‡”•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•œ‡”‘ǡ–Š‡™ƒ–‡”™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡ ȋ„Ȍ –†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡‘‹ŽǦ™ƒ–‡”•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘
—’‹–Š‡–—„‡—’–‘Š‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ȋ Ȍ –‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡˜‹• ‘•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž—–‹‘
ȋͳȌͶ  ȋʹȌʹ  ȋ†Ȍ ‹”– ‹• Š‡Ž† •—•’‡†‡† •—””‘—†‡† „›
ȋ͵ȌͳͶ  ȋͶȌͳͺ  †‡–‡”‰‡–‘Ž‡ —Ž‡•
PPF102 ȋͳȌȋ„Ȍƒ†ȋ†Ȍ ȋʹȌȋƒȌ‘Ž›
ȋ͵Ȍȋ Ȍƒ†ȋ†Ȍ ȋͶȌȋ†Ȍ‘Ž›
103. ”‡ƒ‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†ˆ‹Ž‹•͸έͳͲ  ƒ†•—”ˆƒ ‡
ʹ
PPF105
–‡•‹‘‹•αʹͲ†›‡Ȁ ǡ™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡™‘”
106. Š‡‡š ‡••’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‹•
†‘‡–‘ Šƒ‰‡ƒ”‡ƒ—’–‘ͳʹέͳͲ ʹ ǣ
–™‹ ‡–Šƒ–‹ƒ‘–Š‡”•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‹‘
ȋͳȌͳʹͲŒ‘—Ž‡ ȋʹȌͳʹͲ‡”‰
‘ˆ˜‘Ž—‡•‘ˆƒ†‹•
ȋ͵ȌͳʹͲͲŒ‘—Ž‡ ȋͶȌʹͶͲͲ‡”‰
ȋͳȌͳǣʹ ȋʹȌͳǣͶ ȋ͵Ȍͳǣͺ ȋͶȌͳǣͳ͸
PPF103
PPF106
104. Š‡ ™‘” †‘‡ ‹ „Ž‘™‹‰ ƒ •‘ƒ’ „—„„Ž‡ ‘ˆ
107. ‘•‹†‡”ƒ•‘ƒ’ˆ‹Ž‘ƒ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆ
”ƒ†‹—•ͲǤʹǡ‰‹˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ
™‹”‡‘ˆƒ”‡ƒͶέͶ ʹǤ ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ƒ’
•‘ƒ’•‘Ž—–‹‘‹•͸ͲέͳͲȂ͵ Ȁǡ‹•
ˆ‹Ž‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†–‘Ͷέͷ ʹǡ–Š‡™‘”†‘‡
ȋͳȌʹͶS έͳͲȂͶ ‹–Š‡’”‘ ‡••™‹ŽŽ„‡ȋŠ‡•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ
ȋʹȌͺS έͳͲȂͶ –Š‡•‘ƒ’ˆ‹Ž‹•͵έͳͲȂʹ ȀȌ
ȋ͵Ȍͻ͸S έͳͲȂͶ ȋͳȌͳʹέͳͲȂ͸ ȋʹȌʹͶέͳͲȂ͸
ȋͶȌͳͻʹS έͳͲȂͶ ȋ͵Ȍ͸ͲέͳͲȂ͸ ȋͶȌͻ͸έͳͲȂ͸
PPF104 PPF107

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 3 2
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 3 1 4 1 2 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 1
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 2 4 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 4 3
Question 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Answer 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 3 1
Question 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Answer 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 4 4 4
Question 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Answer 3 2 2 1 3 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 2 1 2
Question 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
Answer 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 4 1 4 4 1
Question 106 107
Answer 3 2

[ 254 ] [Link]
Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Exercise - II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET
AIPMT 2014 Re-AIPMT 2015
1. ‘’’‡”‘ˆˆ‹š‡†˜‘Ž—‡̵Ǣ‹•†”ƒ™‹–‘™‹”‡ 5. Š‡ ›Ž‹†”‹ ƒŽ –—„‡ ‘ˆ ƒ •’”ƒ› ’—’ Šƒ•
‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š̵A̵ǤŠ‡–Š‹•™‹”‡‹••—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘ƒ ”ƒ†‹—• ǡ ‘‡ ‡†‘ˆ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ•  ˆ‹‡Š‘Ž‡•ǡ
‡ƒ Š‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•”Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹
‘•–ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡̵ ̵ǡ–Š‡‡š–‡•‹‘’”‘†— ‡†‹ –Š‡–—„‡‹•ǡ–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‡Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š‡™‹”‡‹•̵'A̵ǤŠ‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‰”ƒ’Š• Ž‹“—‹†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡Š‘Ž‡•‹•ǣǦ
‹•ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡ǫ  ʹ  ʹ  2  2
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ 2 2 ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ͳ nr n r nr 2 n3r 2
ȋͳȌ'A ˜‡”•—• ȋʹȌ'A ˜‡”•—•Aʹ
PPF112
ͳ 6. Š‡‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ•–‡‡Ž‹•–™‹ ‡–Šƒ–‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ'A ˜‡”•—• 2
ȋͶȌ'A ˜‡”•—•A „”ƒ••Ǥ™‘™‹”‡•‘ˆ•ƒ‡Ž‡‰–Šƒ†‘ˆ•ƒ‡
ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘•••‡ –‹‘ǡ‘‡‘ˆ•–‡‡Žƒ†ƒ‘–Š‡”
PPF108
‘ˆ„”ƒ••ƒ”‡•—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡•ƒ‡”‘‘ˆǤ ˆ
2.  ‡”–ƒ‹ —„‡” ‘ˆ •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ †”‘’• ‘ˆ ƒ ™‡™ƒ––Š‡Ž‘™‡”‡†•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡•–‘„‡ƒ–
Ž‹“—‹† ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ̵”̵ ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ –Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‡˜‡Žǡ–Š‡–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–•ƒ††‡†–‘–Š‡
†”‘’‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵̵ƒ†˜‘Ž—‡̵̵Ǥ ˆ̵̵‹•–Š‡ •–‡‡Žƒ†„”ƒ••™‹”‡•—•–„‡‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆǣ
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ǡ–Š‡ǣ ȋͳȌͳǣͳ ȋʹȌͳǣʹ ȋ͵Ȍʹǣͳ ȋͶȌͶǣͳ
ȋͳȌ‡‡”‰›αͶ §¨ ͳ  ͳ ·¸ ‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† PPF113
©” ¹ 7. ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• –‘ Š‡‹‰Š– ̵Š̵‹ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡Ǥ ˆ
–Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡
ȋʹȌ‡‡”‰›α͵ §¨ ͳ  ͳ ·¸ ‹•ƒ„•‘”„‡†
©” ¹ ‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ƒ†‡Ž‡••–Šƒ̵Š̵ǡ–Š‡Ǧ
ȋͳȌ ™ƒ–‡”†‘‡•‘–”‹•‡ƒ–ƒŽŽǤ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡‡”‰›α͵ §¨ ͳ  ͳ ·¸ ‹•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ȋʹȌ ™ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• —’–‘ –Š‡ –‹’ ‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡
©” ¹
ƒ†–Š‡•–ƒ”–•‘˜‡”ˆŽ‘™‹‰Ž‹‡ƒˆ‘—–ƒ‹Ǥ
ȋͶȌ‡”‰›‹•‡‹–Š‡””‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†‘”ƒ„•‘”„‡†
ȋ͵Ȍ ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘–Š‡–‘’‘ˆ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”›–—„‡
PPF109
ƒ†•–ƒ›•–Š‡”‡™‹–Š‘—–‘˜‡”ˆŽ‘™‹‰Ǥ
AIPMT 2015
ȋͶȌ ™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•—’–‘ƒ’‘‹–ƒŽ‹––Ž‡„‡Ž‘™–Š‡
3. Š‡ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡†‡’–Š‘ˆƒ‘ ‡ƒ‹•ʹ͹ͲͲǤ
–‘’ƒ†•–ƒ›•–Š‡”‡Ǥ
Š‡ ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͶͷǤͶέͳͲȂͳͳ ƒȂͳ PPF114
ƒ† †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‹• ͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵Ǥ Šƒ– 8. Š‡ Š‡ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ ƒ ’—’• ͷ Ž‹–”‡• ‘ˆ „Ž‘‘†
ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ ‘’”‡••‹‘ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ™‹ŽŽ „‡ –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒ”–‡”‹‡•’‡”‹—–‡ƒ–ƒ’”‡••—”‡
‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ––Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘ ‡ƒǫ ‘ˆ ͳͷͲ  ‘ˆ ‡” —”›Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ
ȋͳȌͳǤͲέͳͲȂʹ ȋʹȌͳǤʹέͳͲȂʹ ‡” —”›„‡ͳ͵Ǥ͸έͳͲ͵‰Ȁ͵ƒ†‰αͳͲȀ•ʹ
ȋ͵ȌͳǤͶέͳͲ Ȃʹ ȋͶȌͲǤͺέͳͲȂʹ –Š‡–Š‡’‘™‡”‘ˆŠ‡ƒ”–‹™ƒ––‹•ǣ
PPF110 ȋͳȌͳǤͷͲ ȋʹȌͳǤ͹Ͳ ȋ͵ȌʹǤ͵ͷ ȋͶȌ͵ǤͲ
4. ™‹†™‹–Š•’‡‡†ͶͲȀ•„Ž‘™•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ PPF115
–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‘ˆƒŠ‘—•‡ǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‹•ʹͷͲʹǤ NEET-I 2016
••—‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–Š‡Š‘—•‡ 9. ™‘ ‘Ǧ‹š‹‰ Ž‹“—‹†• ‘ˆ †‡•‹–‹‡• U ƒ†
‹•ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‡š‡”–‡†„› U ȋεͳȌƒ”‡’—–‹ƒ ‘–ƒ‹‡”ǤŠ‡Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ
–Š‡™‹†‘–Š‡”‘‘ˆƒ†–Š‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡ƒ Š Ž‹“—‹† ‹• ŠǤ  •‘Ž‹† ›Ž‹†‡” ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š 
ˆ‘” ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ ƒ† †‡•‹–› † ‹• ’—– ‹ –Š‹• ‘–ƒ‹‡”Ǥ Š‡
ȋUƒ‹” αͳǤʹ‰Ȁ͵Ȍ ›Ž‹†‡”ˆŽ‘ƒ–•™‹–Š‹–•ƒš‹•˜‡”–‹ ƒŽƒ†Ž‡‰–Š
ȋͳȌͶǤͺέͳͲͷ ǡ—’™ƒ”†• ’ȋ’δͳȌ‹–Š‡†‡•‡”Ž‹“—‹†ǤŠ‡†‡•‹–›†
ȋʹȌʹǤͶέͳͲͷ ǡ—’™ƒ”†• ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ
ȋ͵ȌʹǤͶέͳͲͷ ǡ†‘™™ƒ”†• ȋͳȌȓͳΪȋΪͳȌ’ȔU ȋʹȌȓʹΪȋΪͳȌ’ȔU
ȋͶȌͶǤͺέͳͲͷ ǡ†‘™™ƒ”†• ȋ͵ȌȓʹΪȋȂ ͳȌ’ȔU ȋͶȌȓͳΪȋȂ ͳȌ’ȔU
PPF111 PPF116

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NEET-II 2016 NEET(UG) 2018
10. ”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”ˆ‹Ž‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹•‡š–‡†‡†ˆ”‘ 14. •ƒŽŽ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•̵”̵ˆƒŽŽ•ˆ”‘”‡•–‹ƒ
ȋͶ έʹ Ȍ–‘ȋͷ έͶ ȌǤ ˆ–Š‡™‘” ˜‹• ‘—• Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ Š‡ƒ– ‹• ’”‘†— ‡†
†‘‡ ‹• ͵ έ ͳͲȂͶ ǡ –Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡
†—‡–‘˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ǤŠ‡”ƒ–‡‘ˆ’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ
–‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‹•ǣǦ
ȋͳȌ ͲǤʹȂͳ ȋʹȌͺǤͲȂͳ Š‡ƒ– ™Š‡ –Š‡ •’Š‡”‡ ƒ––ƒ‹• ‹–• –‡”‹ƒŽ
ȋ͵Ȍ ͲǤʹͷͲȂͳ ȋͶȌͲǤͳʹͷȂͳ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›ǡ‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ǣǦ
PPF117 ȋͳȌ”͵ ȋʹȌ”ʹ ȋ͵Ȍ”ͷ ȋͶȌ”Ͷ
11. Š”‡‡ Ž‹“—‹†• ‘ˆ †‡•‹–‹‡• Uͳǡ Uʹ ƒ† U͵ PPF121
ȋ™‹–ŠUͳ εUʹ εU͵ȌǡŠƒ˜‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ 15. ™‘™‹”‡•ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ†
•—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘ǡ”‹•‡–‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Š‡‹‰Š–‹ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˜‘Ž—‡Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ™‹”‡ Šƒ•
–Š”‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡• ‘ˆ
”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ  ƒ† –Š‡ •‡ ‘† ™‹”‡
‘–ƒ –TͳǡTʹƒ†T͵‘„‡›ǣǦ
Šƒ• ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ͵Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ
S
ȋͳȌ  Tͳ  Tʹ  T͵  S –Š‡ˆ‹”•–™‹”‡‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†„›'l ‘ƒ’’Ž›‹‰ƒ
ʹ
S ˆ‘” ‡ ǡŠ‘™— Šˆ‘” ‡‹•‡‡†‡†–‘•–”‡– Š
ȋʹȌ S ! Tͳ ! Tʹ ! T͵ ! –Š‡•‡ ‘†™‹”‡„›–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ‘—–ǫ
ʹ
S ȋͳȌͻ ȋʹȌ͸ ȋ͵ȌͶ ȋͶȌ
ȋ͵Ȍ ! Tͳ ! Tʹ ! T͵ t Ͳ PPF122
ʹ
S NEET(UG) 2019
ȋͶȌ Ͳ d Tͳ  Tʹ  T͵ 
ʹ 16.  •‘ƒ’ „—„„Ž‡ǡ Šƒ˜‹‰ ”ƒ†‹—• ‘ˆ ͳ ǡ ‹•
PPF118 „Ž‘™ ˆ”‘ ƒ †‡–‡”‰‡– •‘Ž—–‹‘ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ
NEET(UG) 2017 •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ ʹǤͷ έ ͳͲȂʹ ȀǤ Š‡
12. Š‡„—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆƒ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ‘„Œ‡ –‹•̵̵Ǥ ’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡–Š‡„—„„Ž‡‡“—ƒŽ•ƒ–ƒ’‘‹–
ˆ‹–‹••—„Œ‡ –‡†–‘—‹ˆ‘”’”‡••—”‡̵’̵ǡ–Š‡ Ͳ „‡Ž‘™ –Š‡ ˆ”‡‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‹ ƒ
ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡‹”ƒ†‹—•‹•ǣǦ
‘–ƒ‹‡”Ǥ ƒ‹‰ ‰ α ͳͲ Ȁ•ʹ †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ
 ͵’ ’ ’
ȋͳȌ  ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ ™ƒ–‡”αͳͲ͵ ‰Ȁ͵ǡ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆͲ ‹•ǣǦ
͵’  ͵ 
ȋͳȌͳͲͲ  ȋʹȌͳͲ 
PPF119
13.   –—„‡ ™‹–Š „‘–Š ‡†• ‘’‡ –‘ –Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍͳ  ȋͶȌͲǤͷ 
ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ǡ‹•’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–Š™ƒ–‡”Ǥ‹Žǡ PPF123
™Š‹ Š ‹• ‹‹• ‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ‹• ’‘—”‡† 17. Š‡ ƒ „Ž‘  ‘ˆ ƒ••  ‹• •—•’‡†‡† „› ƒ
‹–‘ ‘‡ •‹†‡ —–‹Ž ‹– •–ƒ†• ƒ– ƒ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ Ž‘‰ ™‹”‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡‰–Š ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‹”‡
ͳͲ  ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” „‡ ‘‡ ȋΪlȌǤ Š‡ ‡Žƒ•–‹  ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰›
•‹†‡Ǥ ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ”‹•‡• „› ͸ͷ  •–‘”‡†‹–Š‡‡š–‡†‡†™‹”‡‹•ǣǦ
ˆ”‘ ‹–• ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ Ž‡˜‡Ž ȋ•‡‡ †‹ƒ‰”ƒȌǤ Š‡
ȋͳȌ‰l ȋʹȌ‰
†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹Ž‹•ǣǦ
ƒ ƒ ͳ ͳ
ȋ͵Ȍ ‰l ȋͶȌ ‰
 ʹ ʹ
 ͳͲ
‹ƒŽ™ƒ–‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž
PPF124
͸ͷ
 18. •ƒŽŽŠ‘Ž‡‘ˆƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ʹʹ ‹•
‹Ž 
‹–‹ƒŽ™ƒ–‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž ’”‡•‡–‡ƒ”–Š‡„‘––‘‘ˆƒˆ—ŽŽ›ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†‘’‡
͸ͷ
–ƒ ‘ˆ Š‡‹‰Š– ʹ Ǥ ƒ‹‰ ‰ α ͳͲ Ȁ•ʹǡ –Š‡
 
”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ˆŽ‘™ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘’‡ Š‘Ž‡
ƒ–‡”
™‘—Ž†„‡‡ƒ”Ž›ǣ
ȋͳȌ Ͷʹͷ‰Ȃ͵ ȋʹȌͺͲͲ‰Ȃ͵ ȋͳȌͳʹǤ͸έͳͲȂ͸ ͵Ȁ• ȋʹȌͺǤͻέͳͲȂ͸ ͵Ȁ•
ȋ͵Ȍ ͻʹͺ‰Ȃ͵ ȋͶȌ͸ͷͲ‰Ȃ͵ ȋ͵ȌʹǤʹ͵έͳͲ  Ȁ•
Ȃ͸ ͵ ȋͶȌ͸ǤͶέͳͲȂ͸ ͵Ȁ•
PPF120 PPF125

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Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
NEET(UG) 2019 (Odisha) 23. ™‹”‡‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šǡƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘•••‡ –‹‘‹•
19. ™‘•ƒŽŽ•’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ‡–ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ•ǡŠƒ˜‹‰‡“—ƒŽ Šƒ‰‹‰ ˆ”‘ ƒ ˆ‹š‡† •—’’‘”–Ǥ Š‡ Ž‡‰–Š ‘ˆ
ƒ••‡•ǡƒ”‡ƒ†‡ˆ”‘ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•‘ˆ†‡•‹–‹‡• –Š‡ ™‹”‡ Šƒ‰‡• –‘ ͳ ™Š‡ ƒ••  ‹•
Uͳ ƒ†UʹȋUͳ αͺUʹȌƒ†Šƒ˜‡”ƒ†‹‹‘ˆͳƒ† •—•’‡†‡†ˆ”‘‹–•ˆ”‡‡‡†ǤŠ‡‡š’”‡••‹‘
ʹǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒ†‡ –‘ ˆƒŽŽ ˆ‘”‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•‹•ǣ
˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ› ȋˆ”‘ ”‡•–Ȍ ‹ ƒ ˜‹• ‘—• ‡†‹— ‰ ‰ͳ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ
™Š‘•‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ ˜‹• ‘•‹–› ‡“—ƒŽ• K ƒ†  ͳ   
™Š‘•‡ †‡•‹–› ‹• ͲǤͳ UʹǤ Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹”
‰ ͳ   ‰
–‡”‹ƒŽ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–‹‡•™‘—Ž†„‡ǣǦ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
͹ͻ ͳͻ ͵ͻ ͹ͻ  ͳ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ PPF130
͹ʹ ͵͸ ͹ʹ ͵͸
PPF126 NEET (UG) 2020 (Covid-19)
20. ƒǦ–—„‡ƒ••Š‘™‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ǡ™ƒ–‡”ƒ†‘‹Ž 24. Ž‹“—‹††‘‡•‘–™‡––Š‡•‘Ž‹†•—”ˆƒ ‡‹ˆƒ‰Ž‡
ƒ”‡‹–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–•‹†‡ƒ†”‹‰Š–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡–—„‡ ‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –‹•ǣ
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡Š‡‹‰Š–•ˆ”‘–Š‡„‘––‘ˆ‘” ȋͳȌ‡“—ƒŽ–‘Ͷͷι ȋʹȌ‡“—ƒŽ–‘͸Ͳι
™ƒ–‡”ƒ†‘‹Ž ‘Ž—•ƒ”‡ͳͷ ƒ†ʹͲ  ȋ͵Ȍ‰”‡ƒ–‡”–ŠƒͻͲι ȋͶȌœ‡”‘
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹Ž‹•ǣǦ PPF131
ȏ–ƒ‡U™ƒ–‡” αͳͲͲͲ‰Ȁ͵Ȑ 25.  „ƒ”‘‡–‡” ‹• ‘•–”— –‡† —•‹‰ ƒ Ž‹“—‹†
ȋ†‡•‹–› α ͹͸Ͳ ‰Ȁ͵ȌǤ Šƒ– ™‘—Ž† „‡ –Š‡
Š‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹† ‘Ž—ǡ™Š‡ƒ‡” —”›
„ƒ”‘‡–‡””‡ƒ†•͹͸ ǫ
ʹͲ 
ͳͷ 
ȋ†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‡” —”›αͳ͵͸ͲͲ‰Ȁ͵Ȍ
ȋͳȌͳǤ͵͸ ȋʹȌͳ͵Ǥ͸
ȋ͵Ȍͳ͵͸ ȋͶȌͲǤ͹͸
™ƒ–‡” ‘‹Ž PPF132
ȋͳȌͳʹͲͲ‰Ȁ͵ ȋʹȌ͹ͷͲ‰Ȁ͵ NEET (UG) 2021
ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲͲ‰Ȁ͵ ȋͶȌͳ͵͵͵‰Ȁ͵ 26. Š‡ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ •ƒŽŽ „ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ ƒ••  ƒ†
PPF127 †‡•‹–›†ǡ™Š‡†”‘’’‡†‹ƒ ‘–ƒ‹‡”ˆ‹ŽŽ‡†
21. Š‡ •–”‡••Ǧ•–”ƒ‹ —”˜‡• ƒ”‡ †”ƒ™ ˆ‘” –™‘ ™‹–Š‰Ž› ‡”‹‡„‡ ‘‡• ‘•–ƒ–ƒˆ–‡”•‘‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†Ǥ –‹•‘„•‡”˜‡†–Šƒ– †
–‹‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹–›‘ˆ‰Ž› ‡”‹‡‹• ǡ–Š‡–Š‡
–Š‡ —Ž–‹ƒ–‡ •–”‡‰–Š ’‘‹– ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ –—”‡ ʹ
’‘‹– ƒ”‡ Ž‘•‡ –‘ ‡ƒ Š ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘” ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ  ˜‹• ‘—•ˆ‘” ‡ƒ –‹‰‘–Š‡„ƒŽŽ™‹ŽŽ„‡ǣ
„—–ƒ”‡ˆƒ”ƒ’ƒ”–ˆ‘”ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ‡ ƒ•ƒ›–Šƒ– ‰ ͵
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ‰ ȋ͵Ȍ ‰ ȋͶȌʹ‰
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ƒ†ƒ”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘„‡ȋ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ȍ ʹ ʹ
ȋͳȌ†— –‹Ž‡ƒ†„”‹––Ž‡ PPF133
ȋʹȌ„”‹––Ž‡ƒ††— –‹Ž‡ NEET (UG) 2022
ȋ͵Ȍ„”‹––Ž‡ƒ†’Žƒ•–‹ 27. •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ„ƒŽŽ‹•†”‘’’‡†‹ƒŽ‘‰ ‘Ž—
ȋͶȌ’Žƒ•–‹ ƒ††— –‹Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ Š‹‰ŠŽ› ˜‹• ‘—• Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ Š‡ —”˜‡ ‹ –Š‡
PPF128 ‰”ƒ’Š•Š‘™ǡ™Š‹ Š”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ
NEET (UG) 2020 –Š‡„ƒŽŽȋ˜Ȍƒ•ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–‹‡ȋ–Ȍ‹•ǣ
22.  ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ” ‹• ‹‡”•‡† ‹ 
™ƒ–‡”ƒ†™ƒ–‡””‹•‡•‹‹––‘ƒŠ‡‹‰Š–ŠǤŠ‡ 
ƒ•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™ƒ–‡” ‹ –Š‡ ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› ‹• ͷ‰Ǥ  
‘–Š‡” ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› –—„‡ ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ʹ” ‹•
‹‡”•‡† ‹ ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ ƒ•• ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” –Šƒ–
™‹ŽŽ”‹•‡‹–Š‹•–—„‡‹•ǣ 
ȋͳȌ ʹͲǤͲ‰ ȋʹȌʹǤͷ‰ 
ȋ͵ȌͷǤͲ‰ ȋͶȌͳͲǤͲ‰ ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌ ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
PPF129 PPF134

[Link] [ 257 ]
ALLEN NEET : Physics
28. ˆƒ•‘ƒ’„—„„Ž‡‡š’ƒ†•ǡ–Š‡’”‡••—”‡‹•‹†‡ 33. ‡– ƒ ™‹”‡ „‡ •—•’‡†‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‹Ž‹‰
–Š‡„—„„Ž‡ǣ ȋ”‹‰‹†•—’’‘”–Ȍƒ†•–”‡– Š‡†„›ƒ™‡‹‰Š–
ȋͳȌ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• ƒ––ƒ Š‡† ƒ– ‹–• ˆ”‡‡ ‡†Ǥ Š‡ Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ
ȋʹȌ”‡ƒ‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡ •–”‡••ƒ–ƒ›’‘‹–‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ
ȋ͵Ȍ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‹ ’”‡••—”‡ –Š‡™‹”‡‹•ǣ
ȋͶȌ†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• ȋͳȌȀ ȋʹȌȀʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ‡”‘ ȋͶȌʹȀ
PPF135
PPF140
RE-NEET (UG) 2022
RE-NEET (UG) 2023
29. ™‘ ‘’’‡” ˜‡••‡Ž•  ƒ†  Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡
34. Š‡˜‹• ‘—•†”ƒ‰ƒ –‹‰‘ƒ‡–ƒŽ•’Š‡”‡‘ˆ
„ƒ•‡ ƒ”‡ƒ „—– ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •Šƒ’‡•Ǥ  Žƒ‡• †‹ƒ‡–‡” ͳ ǡ ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ˆŽ—‹† ‘ˆ
–™‹ ‡–Š‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”ƒ•–Šƒ–”‡“—‹”‡• ˜‹• ‘•‹–›ͲǤͺƒ•™‹–Šƒ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–›‘ˆʹ•Ȃͳ ‹•
–‘ˆ‹ŽŽ—’–‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‘‘Š‡‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡ ‡“—ƒŽ–‘ǣ
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –•–ƒ–‡‡–ƒ‘‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•ǣ ȋͳȌͳͷέͳͲȂ͵  ȋʹȌ͵ͲέͳͲȂ͵ 
ȋͳȌ ”‡••—”‡‘–Š‡„ƒ•‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ˜‡••‡Ž•ƒ† ȋ͵ȌͳǤͷέͳͲ Ȃ͵ ȋͶȌʹͲέͳͲȂ͵ 
‹••ƒ‡Ǥ PPF141
ȋʹȌ ”‡••—”‡‘–Š‡„ƒ•‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ˜‡••‡Ž•ƒ† 35. Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•‘––”—‡ǫ
‹•‘–•ƒ‡Ǥ ȋͳȌ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ˜‹• ‘•‹–›‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›
ȋ͵Ȍ‘–Š˜‡••‡Ž•ƒ†™‡‹‰Š–Š‡•ƒ‡Ǥ ȋʹȌ—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‹•ƒ• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›
ȋͶȌ‡••‡Ž™‡‹‰Š•–™‹ ‡–Šƒ–‘ˆǤ ȋ͵Ȍ”‡••—”‡‹•ƒ˜‡ –‘”“—ƒ–‹–›
ȋͶȌ‡Žƒ–‹˜‡†‡•‹–›‹•• ƒŽƒ”“—ƒ–‹–›
PPF136
PPF142
30. Š‡ –‡”‹ƒŽ ˜‡Ž‘ ‹–› ‘ˆ ƒ ‘’’‡” „ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ
36. Š‡ ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ ‡Žƒ•–‹  ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ‡‡”‰› ’‡”
”ƒ†‹—• ͷ  ˆƒŽŽ‹‰ –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ –ƒ ‘ˆ ‘‹Ž ƒ–
—‹– ˜‘Ž—‡ ȋ‹   —‹–Ȍ ‘ˆ ƒ •–‡‡Ž ™‹”‡ ‘ˆ
”‘‘–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡‹•ͳͲ •ȂͳǤ ˆ–Š‡˜‹• ‘•‹–›
Ž‡‰–Š ͳͲͲ  –‘ •–”‡– Š ‹– „› ͳ  ‹• ȋ‹ˆ
‘ˆ ‘‹Žƒ– ”‘‘ –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‹•ͲǤͻ ‰Ȃͳ •Ȃͳǡ ‘—‰ǯ•‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ–Š‡™‹”‡αʹǤͲέͳͲͳͳ ȂʹȌǣ
–Š‡˜‹• ‘—•†”ƒ‰ˆ‘” ‡‹•ǣ ȋͳȌͳͲͳͳ ȋʹȌͳͲͳ͹
ȋͳȌͺǤͶͺέͳͲȂ͵  ȋʹȌͺǤͶͺέͳͲȂͷ  ȋ͵ȌͳͲ ͹ ȋͶȌͳͲͷ
ȋ͵ȌͶǤʹ͵έͳͲȂ͵  ȋͶȌͶǤʹ͵έͳͲȂ͸  PPF143
PPF137 NEET (UG) 2024
NEET (UG) 2023 37. Š‡ƒš‹—‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–‡‡Ž™‹”‡‘ˆͳ
31. Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ‡‡”‰›”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ˆ‘”ƒ•‘ƒ’ Ž‡‰–Š ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‡Žƒ•–‹  Ž‹‹– ‘ˆ •–‡‡Ž ƒ† ‹–•
„—„„Ž‡‘ˆ”ƒ†‹—•ʹ ˆ”‘ƒ•‘ƒ’•‘Ž—–‹‘‹• ‘—‰̵•‘†—Ž—•ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡƒ”‡ͺέͳͲͺ Ȃʹ
‡ƒ”Ž›ǣ ȋ•—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘ƒ’ •‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ†ʹέͳͲͳͳ Ȃʹ ‹•ǣ
ȋͳȌͶ ȋʹȌͲǤͶ
αͲǤͲ͵ȂͳȌ
ȋ͵ȌͶͲ ȋͶȌͺ
ȋͳȌͷǤͲ͸έͳͲȂͶ ȋʹȌ͵ǤͲͳέͳͲȂͶ
PPF144
ȋ͵ȌͷͲǤͳέͳͲȂͶ ȋͶȌ͵ͲǤͳ͸έͳͲȂͶ
38.  –Š‹ ˆŽƒ– ‹” —Žƒ” †‹•  ‘ˆ ”ƒ†‹—• ͶǤͷ  ‹•
PPF138
’Žƒ ‡† ‰‡–Ž› ‘˜‡” –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡”Ǥ ˆ
32. Š‡˜‡–—”‹Ǧ‡–‡”™‘”•‘ǣ •—”ˆƒ ‡–‡•‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹•ͲǤͲ͹Ȃͳǡ–Š‡–Š‡
ȋͳȌ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹̵•’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ ‡š ‡••ˆ‘” ‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘–ƒ‡‹–ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘–Š‡
ȋʹȌŠ‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žƒš‡• •—”ˆƒ ‡‹•ǣ
ȋ͵ȌŠ‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒš‡• ȋͳȌ ͳͻǤͺ ȋʹȌͳͻͺ
ȋͶȌ —›‰‡̵•’”‹ ‹’Ž‡ ȋ͵Ȍ ͳǤͻͺ ȋͶȌͻͻ
PPF139 PPF145

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Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
39.  ‡–ƒŽŽ‹  „ƒ” ‘ˆ ‘—‰̵• ‘†—Ž—•ǡ
ͲǤͷ έ ͳͲͳͳ  Ȃʹ ƒ† ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡– ‘ˆ Ž‹‡ƒ”
–Š‡”ƒŽ‡š’ƒ•‹‘ͳͲȂͷ ιȂͳǡŽ‡‰–Šͳƒ† 
ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ͳͲȂ͵ ʹ ‹•Š‡ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘
Ͳι –‘ ͳͲͲι ™‹–Š‘—– ‡š’ƒ•‹‘ ‘” „‡†‹‰Ǥ
Š‡ ‘’”‡••‹˜‡ˆ‘” ‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹‹–‹•ǣ
ȋͳȌͷέͳͲ͵  ȋʹȌͷͲέͳͲ͵   Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ
ȋ͵ȌͳͲͲέͳͲ͵  ȋͶȌʹέͳͲ͵ 
PPF146 ȋͳȌ ͳαʹ
RE-NEET (UG) 2024 ȋʹȌʹͳ αʹ
40.  ‹†‡ƒŽ ϐŽ—‹† ‹• ϐŽ‘™‹‰ ‹ ƒ ‘Ǧ—‹ˆ‘” ȋ͵Ȍ ͳ εʹ
”‘•• •‡ –‹‘ƒŽ –—„‡ ȋƒ••Š‘™ ‹ϐ‹‰—”‡Ȍ ȋͶȌͳ δʹ
ˆ”‘‡†–‘‡†Ǥ ˆͳ ƒ†ʹ ƒ”‡–Š‡‹‡–‹  PPF147
‡‡”‰›’‡”—‹–˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ϐŽ—‹†ƒ–ƒ†
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›–Š‡–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‘’–‹‘‹•ǣ

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 1
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 3 3 1 4 2 2 4 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Answer 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 2 3

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ALLEN NEET : Physics

Exercise - III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

1. Š‡ –Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡••‘ˆ‰‹˜‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ 4. ƒ– Š–Š‡ ‘Ž—ˆ‘”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•
Statement-I : ƒ–‡” ™‡–• ‰Žƒ•• ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”› Column-A Column-B
™Š‹Ž‡‡” —”›†‘‡•‘–™‡–Ǥ ‹Ǥ ‡”‘—ŽŽ‹ǯ•
Statement-II : š ‡•• ’”‡••—”‡ ‹•‹†‡• –Š‡  ˜ ʹ‰Š
–Š‡‘”‡
•‘ƒ’ „—„„Ž‡ ‹• ‹˜‡”•‡Ž› ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ‹‹Ǥ ƒ™‘ˆ ͳ
”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡„—„„Ž‡Ǥ   Ϊ U˜ʹΪU‰Šα ‘•–ƒ–
‘–‹—‹–› ʹ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š•–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ”‡ ‘””‡ –Ǥ
ȋʹȌ Ž›•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ‹• ‘””‡ –Ǥ ‹‹‹Ǥ ‘””‹ ‡ŽŽ‹ǯ• S ” Ͷ
 
ȋ͵Ȍ Ž›•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧ ‹• ‘””‡ –Ǥ –Š‡‘”‡ ͺK
ȋͶȌ ‘–Š•–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ”‡™”‘‰Ǥ ‹˜Ǥ ‘‹•‡—‹ŽŽ‹ǯ•
PPF148  ˜α ‘•–ƒ–
–Š‡‘”‡
2. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹•
ȋͳȌ ‹o ǡ‹‹o ǡ‹‹‹o ǡ‹˜o 
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹•
ȋʹȌ ‹o ǡ‹‹o ǡ‹‹‹o ǡ‹˜o 
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Š‡ •Šƒ’‡ ‘ˆ •ƒŽŽ Ž‹“—‹† ȋ͵Ȍ ‹o ǡ‹‹o ǡ‹‹‹o ǡ‹˜o 
†”‘’‹••’Š‡”‹ ƒŽǤ ȋͶȌ ‹o ǡ‹‹o ǡ‹‹‹o ǡ‹˜o 
Reason (R) : —‡ –‘ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ǡ Ž‹“—‹† PPF151
–‡†• –‘ ‘ —’› ‹‹— •—”ˆƒ ‡ ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ† 5. Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ •ƒŽŽ Š‘Ž‡ ‡ƒ” –Š‡ „‘––‘ ‘ˆ ƒ
ˆ‘” ‰‹˜‡ ˜‘Ž—‡ ƒ •’Š‡”‡ Šƒ• ‹‹— ‘’‡–ƒˆ‹ŽŽ‡†™‹–ŠƒŽ‹“—‹†ǤŠ‡•’‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡
•—”ˆƒ ‡ƒ”‡ƒǤ ™ƒ–‡” ‡Œ‡ –‡† †‘‡• ‘– †‡’‡† ‘ ȋ‘‡ ‘”
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ ‘”‡‘’–‹‘•ƒ›„‡ ‘””‡ –Ȍ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ȋͳȌ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘Ž‡
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ȋʹȌ‡•‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡ ȋ͵Ȍ ‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†ˆ”‘–Š‡Š‘Ž‡
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ȋͶȌ ‡Ž‡”ƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘‰”ƒ˜‹–›
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•
PPF152
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
6. •‘Ž‹† ˆŽ‘ƒ–•‹ƒŽ‹“—‹†‹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›†‹’’‡†
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ ’‘•‹–‹‘Ǥȋ‡Ž‡ –‹ ‘””‡ –‘’–‹‘Ȍ
PPF149 ȋͳȌ Š‡ •‘Ž‹† ‡š‡”–• ƒ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ‹–•
3. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹• ™‡‹‰Š–‘–Š‡Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹• ȋʹȌ Š‡Ž‹“—‹†‡š‡”–•ƒˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ„—‘›ƒ ›‘
Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R). –Š‡ •‘Ž‹† ™Š‹ Š ‹•‡“—ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ
Assertion (A) : Š‡ƒ‹ ‡ —„‡ǡˆŽ‘ƒ–‹‰‹ –Š‡•‘Ž‹†Ǥ
ƒ‰Žƒ••‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‡Ž–•ǡ–Š‡™ƒ–‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž”‡ƒ‹• ȋ͵Ȍ Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•’Žƒ ‡†Ž‹“—‹†‡“—ƒŽ•
— Šƒ‰‡†Ǥ –Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž‹†Ǥ
Reason (R) : Š‡ ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ‡ ‘ ‡Ž–‹‰ ȋͶȌ Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡†‹’’‡†’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘Ž‹†
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡•Ǥ ‹• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•’Žƒ ‡†
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ Ž‹“—‹†Ǥ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ PPF153
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ 7.  ‘’’‡”™‹”‡ȋαͳͲ  Ȍ‘ˆŽ‡‰–Šͺ
ͳͳ Ȃʹ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡
ƒ†•–‡‡Ž™‹”‡ȋαʹέͳͲͳͳ ȂʹȌ‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š
‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
Ͷƒ†‡ƒ Š‘ˆ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡ƒͲǤͷ ʹ
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ ƒ”‡ˆƒ•–‡‡†‡†–‘‡†ƒ†•–”‡– Š‡†™‹–Šƒ
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ ͷͲͲ Ǥ ƒ– Š –Š‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‘Ž—•
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ ƒ†•‡Ž‡ ––Š‡ ‘””‡ –‘’–‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‘†‡•
PPF150 ‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™Ǥ

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Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics ALLEN
Column-I Column-II ȋͳȌŠ‡”‘†‹•‹ ‘’”‡••‹˜‡•–”‡••
ȋ‹Ȍ Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘‹ ‘’’‡” ȋ’Ȍ ͲǤʹ ȋʹȌŠ‡ —‡”‹ ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ•–”‡•• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†
™‹”‡ȋ‹ȌȌ ‹–Š‡”‘†‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ Ȁ
ȋ͵Ȍ Š‡•–”‡••‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•‹–‡”ƒŽ”‡•–‘”‹‰
ȋ‹‹Ȍ Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘‹•–‡‡Ž ȋ“Ȍ ͳǤͲ
ˆ‘” ‡’‡”—‹–Ž‡‰–Š
™‹”‡ȋ‹Ȍ
ȋͶȌ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ ‘–ƒŽ‡Ž‘‰ƒ–‹‘ȋ‹ ȋ”Ȍ ͲǤͺ PPF156
Ȍ 10. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹•
Codes Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹•
ȋͳȌ‹Ȃ ”ǡ‹‹Ȃ ’ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ “ Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R)Ǥ
ȋʹȌ‹Ȃ ’ǡ‹‹Ȃ “ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ” Assertion (A) : ‡‡†Ž‡’Žƒ ‡† ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ›‘
ȋ͵Ȍ‹Ȃ “ǡ‹‹Ȃ ”ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ’ –Š‡ •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ƒ› ˆŽ‘ƒ–ǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• –Š‡
ȋͶȌ‹Ȃ ’ǡ‹‹Ȃ ”ǡ‹‹‹Ȃ ’ „ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ™‹ŽŽƒŽ™ƒ›••‹Ǥ
Reason (R) : Š‡„—‘›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡†‡’‡†•‘
PPF154
–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ†•Šƒ’‡‘ˆ„‘†›Ǥ
8. Š‡ ˜ƒŽ˜‡  ‹ –Š‡ „‡– –—„‡• ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ› ‡’–
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
Ž‘•‡†Ǥ ™‘ •‘ƒ’ „—„„Ž‡•  ȋ•ƒŽŽ‡”Ȍ ƒ†
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ȋŽƒ”‰‡”Ȍƒ”‡ˆ‘”‡†ƒ––Š‡–™‘‘’‡‡†•‘ˆ ‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
–Š‡–—„‡ǤƒŽ˜‡‹•‘™‘’‡‡†ƒ†ƒ‹” ƒ ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡
ˆŽ‘™ˆ”‡‡Ž›„‡–™‡‡–Š‡„—„„Ž‡•Ǥ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
V
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ
A
PPF157
B
11. ‹˜‡ „‡Ž‘™ ƒ”‡ –™‘ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡ ‹•
ȋͳȌŠ‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‘ Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡† ƒ• Assertion (A) ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ‹•
„—„„Ž‡• Žƒ„‡ŽŽ‡†ƒ•Reason (R)Ǥ
Assertion (A) : ’”ƒ›‹‰‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”‹ˆ‘”‘ˆ
ȋʹȌŠ‡„—„„Ž‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡•‘ˆ‡“—ƒŽ•‹œ‡
•ƒŽŽ†”‘’Ž‡–• ƒ—•‡• ‘‘Ž‹‰Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡•ƒŽŽ‡”ƒ†™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘‡
Reason (R) : ‘”ƒ‹•‘Žƒ–‡†•›•–‡ǡ•—”ˆƒ ‡
Žƒ”‰‡”
‡‡”‰› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‡š’‡•‡ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒŽ
ȋͶȌŠ‡•‹œ‡•‘ˆƒ†™‹ŽŽ„‡‹–‡” Šƒ‰‡† ‡‡”‰›Ǥ
PPF155  –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡
9.  –Š‡ ˆ‹‰—”‡ •Š‘™ǡ ˆ‘” ‡• ‘ˆ ‡“—ƒŽ –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡ –™‘ ‡†• ‘ˆ ƒ ‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ
—‹ˆ‘” ”‘†Ǥ ‘•‹†‡”  ƒ• –Š‡ ”‘••Ǧ ȋͳȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•–Š‡
•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‘†Ǥ ‘” –Š‹• •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
ƒ”‘—––Š‡ ‘””‡ –•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǥ ȋʹȌ ‘–Š(A) ƒ†(R) ƒ”‡–”—‡ƒ†(R) ‹•
–Š‡ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘‘ˆ(A)Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ (A) ‹•–”—‡„—–(R) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ
ȋͶȌ (A) ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡„—–(R) ‹•–”—‡Ǥ
PPF158

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ALLEN NEET : Physics
12. ‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ƒ”‡–™‘•–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ȋͳȌ ‘–Š •–ƒ–‡‡–  ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–  ƒ”‡
Statement I ǣ ‹• ‘•‹–› ‘ˆ ‰ƒ•‡• ‹• ‰”‡ƒ–‡” ‘””‡ –Ǥ
–Šƒ–Šƒ–‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†•Ǥ ȋʹȌ –ƒ–‡‡–  ‹• ‘””‡ – ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–  ‹•
Statement II ǣ —”ˆƒ ‡ –‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹“—‹†
‹ ‘””‡ –Ǥ
†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹•‘Ž—„Ž‡
ȋ͵Ȍ –ƒ–‡‡– ‹•‹ ‘””‡ –ƒ†•–ƒ–‡‡– ‹•
‹’—”‹–‹‡•Ǥ
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ ‘””‡ –Ǥ
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ȋͶȌ ‘–Š •–ƒ–‡‡–•  ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–•  ƒ”‡
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ ‹ ‘””‡ –Ǥ
ȋͳȌ ‘–Š •–ƒ–‡‡–  ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–  ƒ”‡ PPF160
‘””‡ –Ǥ 14. ƒ– Š–Š‡ ‘Ž—ǣǦ
ȋʹȌ –ƒ–‡‡–  ‹• ‘””‡ – ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–  ‹• Column 1 Column 2
‹ ‘””‡ –Ǥ
(i) ‘”‘ ƒ˜‡ (a) ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –εͻͲι
ȋ͵Ȍ –ƒ–‡‡– ‹•‹ ‘””‡ –ƒ†•–ƒ–‡‡– ‹•
‘””‡ –Ǥ ‡‹• —•
ȋͶȌ ‘–Š •–ƒ–‡‡–•  ƒ† •–ƒ–‡‡–•  ƒ”‡ (ii) ‘”‘˜‡š (b) ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –αͻͲι
‹ ‘””‡ –Ǥ ‡‹• —•
PPF159 (iii) ‘”Žƒ‡ (c) ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –δͻͲι
13. ‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ƒ”‡–™‘•–ƒ–‡‡–•ǣ ‡‹• —•
Statement I : ‘”ƒ•—„•–ƒ ‡–Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ
ȋͳȌȋ‹Ȍo ȋ ȌǢȋ‹‹Ȍo ȋƒȌǢȋ‹‹‹Ȍo ȋ„Ȍ
„—Ž‘†—Ž—•‘ˆ‡Žƒ•–‹ ‹–›ƒ† ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›
ȋʹȌȋ‹Ȍo ȋƒȌǢȋ‹‹Ȍo ȋ„ȌǢȋ‹‹‹Ȍo ȋ Ȍ
‹•ͳǤ
Statement II : Š‡•Š‡ƒ”‘†—Ž—•ˆ‘”ƒ‹†‡ƒŽ ȋ͵Ȍȋ‹Ȍo ȋƒȌǢȋ‹‹Ȍo ȋ ȌǢȋ‹‹‹Ȍo ȋ„Ȍ
”‹‰‹†„‘†›‹•‹ˆ‹‹–‡Ǥ ȋͶȌȋ‹Ȍo ȋ„ȌǢȋ‹‹Ȍo ȋƒȌǢȋ‹‹‹Ȍo ȋ Ȍ
 –Š‡ Ž‹‰Š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–•ǡ Š‘‘•‡ PPF161
–Š‡ ‘•– ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•™‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‘’–‹‘•‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ǣ

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) ANSWER KEY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Answer 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 3 1 3 1 1

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