Short Questions

1. A diesel engine has a brake thermal efficiency of 30%. If the calorific value of the fuel is 42000
kJ/kg, find the brake specific fuel consumption.
2. Calculate the brake mean effective pressure of a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine having 150 mm
bore and 200 mm stroke which develops a brake power of 73.6 kW at 1200 rpm.
3. With suitable examples compare EC and IC engines
4. Define the following terms with respect to a piston engine
(i) Displacement volume
(ii) Compression ratio
(iii)Cubic capacity
5. Describe with neat sketch the working principle of a crankcase scavenged two stroke engine
6. Draw the actual indicator diagram of a two stroke SI Engine. How are they different from that of a
four stroke engine?
7. (i) Draw the actual indicator diagram of a two stroke SI Engine. How are they different from that of a
four stroke engine?
(ii) Relative Efficiency
(iii) volumetric efficiency
8. What is the role of governor used in CI engine? What are the two types of governor?
9. With the help of neat sketches compare the theoretical and actual valve timing diagram of a single
cylinder 4 stroke petrol engine.
10. Explain with neat sketch the construction and operation of a simple carburetor.
11. Develop an equation for the amount of fuel injected per cycle in terms of brake horse power and
speed of a four stroke CI engine.
12. Briefly discuss the air fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine from no load to full load.
13. Develop an expression for air fuel ratio neglecting compressibility for a simple carburetor.
14. How SI and CI engine fuels are rated?
15. (i) Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
(ii) Explain the basic energy requirements for spark ignition
16. With neat sketch explain battery ignition system.
17. Explain the basic requirements made by ignition system
18. A 4-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine develops 100 kW at 3500 rpm. Its brake specific fuel
consumption is 180 gm per kWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected per cycle per cylinder.
Specific gravity of the fuel may be taken as 0.88.
19. Comment on the spark energy and its duration in the initiation of combustion. What do you mean by
spark advance?
20. A dry friction brake on a small engine has a brake arm of 75 cm and a tare of 19 kg. During a test at
350 rpm, the load indicated on the scale was 35 kg. Find the bhp and torque developed by the engine.
Calculate the ihp if the mechanical efficiency is 80%.
21. A CI engine operates at 800 rpm uses 100 g of fuel in 4 min while developing a torque of 1 N-m.
What is the specific fuel consumption?
22. A 4-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine running at 2000 rpm develops 60 kW. Brake thermal efficiency is
30% and calorific value of fuel is 42 MJ/kg. Engine has a bore of 120 mm and stroke of 100 mm.
Take ρ=1.15 kg/m 3, air fuel ratio = 15:1 and ηm =0.08. Calculate fuel consumption (kg/s), air
consumption (m 3 /s ), indicated thermal efficiency of the engine.
23. Explain the reason for cooling an engine. Discuss with neat diagram (i) Forced cooling system and
(ii) Evaporative cooling system
24. Explain two types of cooling system and compare them.
25. What are the main types of gas turbines? Give the advantages of constant pressure gas turbine over
constant volume gas turbine.
26. Discuss the means of improving the efficiency of a gas turbine working on simple Brayton cycle.
27. Prove that output of a simple gas turbine plant is positive only when the product of compressor and
turbine efficiency is greater than

( )
T 1 γ−1
T2
r γ

28. Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on Brayton cycle at 101.325 k Pa, 27 0C.
The pressure ratio in the cycle is 6. Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle and the cycle
efficiency. Assume W T =2.5 W C where W T and W C are the turbine and compressor work
respectively. Take γ =1.4 .

Long Questions

1. In an air standard Brayton cycle the minimum and maximum temperature are 300K and 1200 K,
respectively. The pressure ratio is that which maximizes the network developed by the cycle per unit
mass of air flow. Calculate the compressor and turbine work, each in kJ/kg of air, and thermal
efficiency of the cycle.
2. In a gas turbine installation air is supplied at 1 bar, 27 0C into compressor having compression ratio of
8. The air leaving combustion chamber is heated upto 1100K and expanded upto 1 bar. A heat
exchanger having effectiveness of 0.8 is fitted at exit of turbine for heating the air before its inlet into
combustion chamber. Assuming polytropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine as 0.85 and 0.90
determine the cycle efficiency, work ratio and specific work output of the plant. Take Cp = 1.0032
kJ/kg K for air.
3. A gas turbine plant has air being supplied at 1 bar, 27 0C to compressor for getting compressed upto 5
bar with isentropic efficiency of 85%. Compressed air is heated upto 1000 K in combustion chamber
where also occurs a pressure drop of 0.2 bar. Subsequently expansion occurs to 1 bar in turbine.
Determine isentropic efficiency of turbine, if thermal efficiency of plant is 20%.
4. A gas turbine plant operates between 2 ata and 9 ata with minimum and maximum cycle temperatures
of 250Cand 12500C. The two stage compressor is provided with perfect intercooling and work is
equally divided between the two stages. Gases are reheated to 1250 0C after the HP turbine and then
expanded in the LP turbine such that the output is equally divided between the two. Calculate:
a) Cycle efficiency without regeneration.
b) Cycle efficiency with 65% regeneration.
c) Cycle efficiency with ideal regeneration.
5. In a gas turbine plant air is compressed from 1.01 bar and 15 0C through a pressure ratio of 4:1. It is
then heated to 6500C in a combustion chamber, and expanded back to atmospheric pressure. Calculate
the cycle efficiency and work ratio if a perfect heat exchanger is employed the isentropic efficiencies
of the turbine and compressors are 0.85 and 0.80 respectively.
6. (i) What are the various desired properties of a lubricant and explain how additives help to achieve
the desired properties
 (i) Explain the various method of lubrication and their functions.
7. (i) What are the advantages and limitations of liquid cooling system?
(ii) Explain the advantages and limitations of air cooling system.

8. Explain the following

(i) Thermosiphon cooling system
(ii) Forced circulation system
(iii) Evaporative cooling system
(iv) Pressure cooling system
9. A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops 100 kW at 3500 rpm. Its brake specific fuel
consumption is 180 gm per kWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected per cycle per cylinder.
Specific gravity of the fuel may be taken as 0.88.
10. Fuel supplied to an SI engine has a calorific value 42000 kJ/kg. The pressure in the cylinder at 30%
and 70% of the compression stroke are 1.3 and 2.6 bar respectively. Assuming that the compression
follows the law p V 1.3=¿ constant. Find the compression ratio. If the relative efficiency of the engine
compared with the air standard efficiency is 50%. Calculate the fuel consumption in kg/kWh.
11. Determine the diameter of a gas engine cylinder to develop 18 kW when making 100 explosions per
minute, gives clearance volume 1/3 swept volume, law of compression and explosion = PV1.3,
absolute maximum pressure is 3 times the absolute pressure at the end of the stroke. Take length of
stroke to be twice the bore.
(i) What do you mean by the term Turbo charging?
(ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of supercharging?
(iii)Briefly explain the working of Centrifugal supercharger
12. A nine cylinder petrol engine of bore 150 mm and stroke 200 mm has a compression ratio of 6:1and
develops 360 kW at 2000 rpm when running on a mixture of 20% rich. The fuel used has a calorific
value of 43 MJ/kg and contains 85.3% carbon and 14.7% hydrogen. Assuming volumetric efficiency
of 70% at 170C and mechanical efficiency 90%, find the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine.
Air contains 23.3% by mass of Oxygen.
13. A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops 28 kW at 2000 rpm. Its bsfc is 0.26 kg/kWh.
Calculate the power output of the engine and its bsfc when the fuel rate is reduced by 40% at the
same speed. Mechanical efficiency is 0.80. Assume that the indicated thermal efficiency changes
linearly with equivalence ratio and there is 1% increase in indicated thermal efficiency for 6%
increase in the equivalence ratio. Equivalence ratio at higher fuel flow rate is 0.6666.
14. (i) In an engine working on diesel cycle, inlet pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 170C
respectively. Pressure at the end of adiabatic compression is 35 bar. The ratio of expansion, i.e. after
constant pressure heat addition is 5. Calculate the heat addition, heat rejection and efficiency of the
cycle. Assumeγ =1.4 ,C P =1.004 kJ /kg K ∧C V =0.717 kJ /kg K .
(ii) What is meant by crankcase ventilation? Explain in detail
15. (i) What is delay period and what are the factors that affect the delay period?
(ii) What do you mean by Knocking? Explain the phenomenon of knock in CI engines and compare it
with SI engine.
16. (i) Briefly explain the stages of combustion in SI engines elaborating the flame front propagation.
(ii) Explain the various factors that influence the flame speed

17. (i) Mention various important qualities of a good ignition system.

 (ii) With a neat sketch explain Magneto ignition system

18. (i) Briefly explain the stages of combustion in SI engine elaborating the flame front propagation
(ii) Explain the various factors that influence the flame speed.

19. (i) What is meant by ignition?

(ii) What is the interrelation between ignition and combustion?
(iii) With neat sketch explain battery ignition system.

20. A simple carburetor is designed to supply 6 kg of air per minute and 0.4 kg of fuel per minute. The
density of the fuel is 770 kg/m3. The air is initially at 1 bar and 170C. Calculate the venturi throat
diameter if the velocity of air at throat is 100 m/s. assume Cda = 0.84m Cdf = 0.65 and γ =1.4 . If the
drop across the fuel metering orifice is 0.85 of the pressure at the throat.
21. A closed type injector has a nozzle orifice diameter of 1 mm and the maximum cross sectional area of
the passage between the needle cone and the seat is 2 mm2. The discharge coefficient for the orifice is
0.85 and for the passage is 0.80. The injection pressure is 200 bar and the average pressure of charge
during injection is 25 bar, when the needle cone is fully lifted up. Calculate the volume rate of flow
per second of fuel through the injector and the velocity of jet at that instant. Specific gravity of fuel is
0.85.
22. A six cylinder, four stroke cycle engine has a bore of 8 cm and a stroke of 11 cm and operates at a
speed of 2000 rpm with volumetric efficiency of 80%. If the diameter of the venturi section is 2.5 cm,
what should be the diameter of the fuel orifice to obtain an A/F ratio of 12:1? Assume the density of
air as 1.16 kg/m3
23. Discuss the important qualities of SI and CI engine fuels. How SI and CI engine fuels are rated?
24. Briefly explain the petroleum refining process. Discuss the significance of distillation curves.
25. Find the percentage increase in the efficiency of a Diesel cycle having a compression ratio of 16 and
cutoff ratio is 10% of the swept volume, if CV decreases by 2%. Take CV = 0.717 and γ =1.4
26. An oil engine working on the dual combustion cycle has a cylinder diameter of 20 cm and stroke of
40 cm. The compression ratio is 13.5 and explosion ratio 1.42. Cutoff occurs at 5.1% of the stroke.
Find the air standard efficiency. Given γ =1.4 .
27. An engine working on ideal Otto cycle, the ratio of temperature at the beginning of compression is
300 K. if the ideal air standard efficiency = 0.5, calculate the compression ratio of the engine if the
peak temperature of the cycle is 1150 K, calculate the temperature when the piston is at BDC during
expansion stroke.
28. (i) Draw the actual indicator diagram of a two stroke SI Engine. (ii) How are they different from that
of a four stroke engine?
29. Define what is mean effective pressure.
30. Explain fuel-air ratio. Explain how does it varies with speed