Q1. Define molarity. How does temperature affect molarity?
Q2. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol in a solution containing 23 g ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
and 54 g water.
Q3. State Raoult’s law for volatile liquids. What deviation is shown by a solution of ethanol
and water?
Q4. The concentration of a reactant decreases from 0.50 mol/L to 0.20 mol/L in 10
minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction.
Q5. For the reaction:
A → Products
Concentration of A changes from 1.0 mol/L to 0.6 mol/L in 20 seconds. Find the average
rate.
Q6. The concentration of a product increases from 0.1 mol/L to 0.4 mol/L in 15
seconds. Calculate the average rate of formation.
Q7. For a reaction, concentration of reactant decreases from 0.8 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L in 5
minutes. Calculate the average rate in mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹.
Q8. Why do d-block elements show variable oxidation states?
Q9. Explain why transition metals form coloured compounds.
Q10. What is catalytic activity of transition metals? Give one example.