Development A K S H A R A T U TO R S
Different people can have different development goals
• For landless labourers: It means more wages and work.
• For rich farmers: It means assured high family income through higher support price
for their crops.
• For big businessman: It means high profit from his business.
People can also have conflicting goals
• Development for a person in a rural area will be different from development for a
person in urban areas.
• Development of a Dam may be useful for generation of electricity but it will be
destructive for the tribals whose villages will get submerged.
WHAT MAY BE DEVELOPMENT FOR ONE, MAY NOT BE DEVELOPMENT FOR
OTHER.
Income and other goals
• Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill desires such as
regular work, better wages, decent price for their crops.
• But people also seek things such as freedom, security, treatment, respect to
maintain a quality lifestyle, which they can't buy.
• Hence, developmental goals that people have are not only about income but also
about other important things in life.
National Development A K S H A R A T U TO R S
It is defined as a country's ability to enhance the living standards of its residents.
How to compare different countries or states?
• Income is a key feature to compare countries.
• Countries that have higher income are considered more developed than other
countries.
• The income of a country is the income of the citizens of that country.
• As every country has a different population rate, so National income cannot be
considered to compare between different countries.
• Therefore we compare average income.
• Average income = Total income of the country / Total population of the country.
• It is also called per capita income.
Development Indicators A K S H A R A T U TO R S
Criteria
• It is important to see average income as well as other attributes when we think of a
nation.
• If we consider per capita in the country's development then Goa is the most
developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
• Infant mortality rate: It is the total number of children that die in one year of age
as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how efficient health facilities are
in any country.
• Literacy rate: It is the total number of people above 7 years who can write, read
and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state is considered to be
developed.
• Net attendance ratio: Defined as the total number of children, the age group from
14 years attending the school from the total percentage of children in the same
age group.
Public facilities
• Public facilities play a major role in the development of the country.
• These are the services provided by the government to its citizens. Some of the
important public facilities include infrastructure, sanitation, public transport, health
care, water, etc.
Human Development & Sustainability
A K S H A R A T U TO R S
Human Development Report
• The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) publishes it every year.
• The major parameters include per capita income, literacy rate, and durability of a
person's life, which measure the countries' development.
• Apart from infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio; the BMI index
also plays an important role.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body mass index (BMI) is measured to figure out the adults who are undernourished by
calculating the weight of the person (kg) divided by the square of the height. If the value
is less than 18.5, the person is undernourished and if it is more than 25, then the person
is obese.
Sustainability of development
• Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations.
• Scientists have been warning that the present type and levels of development are
not sustainable. Some examples are: Overuse of groundwater, Exhaustion of
natural resources.
• To achieve sustainable development, we should use non-renewable resources
such as carbon-based fuel wisely.