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Basil Science Notes (Work)

The document provides an overview of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and distance, with its SI unit being the Joule. It describes energy as the capacity to do work, detailing types such as kinetic and potential energy, along with their formulas and examples. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, measured in Watts, and the document concludes with a summary table of the key quantities, their meanings, formulas, and units.

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7 views4 pages

Basil Science Notes (Work)

The document provides an overview of work, energy, and power, defining work as the product of force and distance, with its SI unit being the Joule. It describes energy as the capacity to do work, detailing types such as kinetic and potential energy, along with their formulas and examples. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, measured in Watts, and the document concludes with a summary table of the key quantities, their meanings, formulas, and units.

Uploaded by

amos
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Notes on Work, Energy and Power

1. Work
Definition
Work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance in the direction of the
force.
Formula
W =F × d
Where:
 W = Work done
 F = Force
 d = Distance moved
W =Fd
Unit
The SI unit of work is the Joule (J).
Conditions Necessary for Work to be Done
1. A force must be applied.
2. The object must move.
Examples
 Pushing a cart
 Lifting a bag
 Pulling a box

2. Energy
Definition
Energy is the ability or capacity to do work.
Forms of Energy
 Mechanical energy
 Heat energy
 Electrical energy
 Chemical energy
 Light energy
 Sound energy

Types of Mechanical Energy


(i) Kinetic Energy
Definition
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion.
Formula
1 2
KE= m v
2
Where:
 m = Mass
 v = Velocity
1 2
KE= m v
2
m1

m2

v
m1m2
Factors Affecting Kinetic Energy
 Mass of the object
 Speed of the object
Examples
 Moving car
 Rolling ball
 Running athlete

(ii) Potential Energy


Definition
Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its position or condition.
Formula
PE=mgh
Where:
 m = Mass
 g= Acceleration due to gravity
 h = Height
PE=mgh
m
h
PE=mgh=299.88
Gravity is fixed at g = 9.8 in this visualization.
h
Examples
 Water stored in a dam
 Raised stone
 Stretched rubber band

3. Power
Definition
Power is the rate at which work is done.
Formula
W
P=
t
Where:
 P= Power
 W = Work done
 t = Time taken
W
P=
t
Unit
The SI unit of power is the Watt (W).
1 W =1 J / s
Examples
 Electric motors
 Car engines
 Water pumps

Relationship Between Work, Energy and Power


 Energy is required to do work.
 Work is done when energy is transferred.
 Power tells how fast work is done.

Summary Table
Quantity Meaning Formula SI Unit

Work Force × distance W =Fd Joule (J)


1 2
Kinetic Energy Energy of motion KE= m v Joule (J)
2

Potential Energy Energy of position PE=mgh Joule (J)

W
Power Rate of doing work P= Watt (W)
t

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