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03 Python Cheat Sheet

This Python Programming Cheat Sheet provides a concise overview of core data types, list comprehensions, string methods, useful built-in functions, Pythonic tricks, error handling, and best practices. It includes examples for each concept to aid understanding and application. The document serves as a quick reference for Python programmers to enhance their coding efficiency and effectiveness.

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5 views3 pages

03 Python Cheat Sheet

This Python Programming Cheat Sheet provides a concise overview of core data types, list comprehensions, string methods, useful built-in functions, Pythonic tricks, error handling, and best practices. It includes examples for each concept to aid understanding and application. The document serves as a quick reference for Python programmers to enhance their coding efficiency and effectiveness.

Uploaded by

aaringhosh.stu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python Programming Cheat Sheet

Syntax, Built-ins, Tricks & Best Practices

Core Data Types


Type Example Mutable? Notes
int x = 42 No Arbitrary precision
float x = 3.14 No IEEE 754 double
str x = "hello" No Unicode by default
bool x = True No Subclass of int
list x = [1,2,3] Yes Dynamic array
tuple x = (1,2,3) No Immutable list
dict x = {"a":1} Yes Key-value, ordered
(3.7+)
set x = {1,2,3} Yes Unique elements

List Comprehensions
One of Python's most powerful features. Concise and often faster than loops.
# Basic: [expression for item in iterable]
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

# With filter: [expr for item in iterable if condition]


evens = [x for x in range(20) if x % 2 == 0]

# Nested: flatten a 2D list


flat = [x for row in matrix for x in row]

# Dict comprehension
word_len = {w: len(w) for w in ["apple","fig","mango"]}
String Methods
Method Description Example
.split(sep) Split string into list "a,b,c".split(",") → ["a","b","c"]
.join(lst) Join list into string ",".join(["a","b"]) → "a,b"
.strip() Remove whitespace " hi ".strip() → "hi"
.replace(a,b) Replace occurrences "hello".replace("l","r") →
"herro"
.upper()/.lower() Change case "Hi".lower() → "hi"
.startswith(s) Check prefix "hello".startswith("he") →
True
f-strings Format strings f"Value: {x:.2f}"

Useful Built-in Functions


Function Use
enumerate(lst) Loop with index: for i, v in enumerate(lst)
zip(a, b) Pair two iterables: for x, y in zip(a, b)
sorted(lst, key=fn) Return sorted copy without mutating
map(fn, lst) Apply fn to every element
filter(fn, lst) Keep elements where fn returns True
any(iterable) True if any element is truthy
all(iterable) True if all elements are truthy
isinstance(obj, type) Type checking

Pythonic Tricks
Swap variables without temp
a, b = b, a

Unpack iterables
first, *rest = [1, 2, 3, 4] # first=1, rest=[2,3,4]
Ternary expression
label = "even" if n % 2 == 0 else "odd"

Get dict value with default


count = [Link]("key", 0)

Counter for frequency


from collections import Counter
freq = Counter("banana") # {"a":3,"n":2,"b":1}

defaultdict avoids KeyError


from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(list)
d["key"].append(1) # no KeyError

Error Handling
try:
result = 10 / x
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(f'Error: {e}')
except (TypeError, ValueError):
print('Bad input')
finally:
print('Always runs')

Best Practice
Be specific with exceptions. Avoid bare 'except:' — it catches SystemExit and
KeyboardInterrupt too, masking real problems.

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