o;a; iuqodh l<uKdlrKh

Wm,els (Attributes / fields / degree / columns)

o;a; iuqodh :- jHqyd;aulj .nvd lr we;s o;a;

(Records / Tuples / rows / Cordiínality)

tl;=jls.
Name Age Address
Wod:-  ffoksl ld,.=Ksl jd¾:dj, tl;=jla
 ffoksl isÿjk .=[Link], úia;r Akash 17 Colombo
we;=<;a tl;=jla Namindu Jaffna

Wm,elshdk
18
Sanesh 18 Kandy
Vidura 17 Galle

tAl [Link] moaO;s

o;a; ish,a, u tla

j.=jl .nvd lrhs.
 h;=re j¾.

01. ksrEmH h;=r :- j.=jl fma<s wkkH f,i

y`ÿkd .kAkd .=Kdx.h fõ.
OQrdj,s wdlD;sh
02. m%d:ñl h;=r :- ksrEmH h;=re j,ska f;dard
.kakd .=[Link].
o;a; .nvd lr, m%fõY úh yels ;d¾lsl jHqy fõ.

03. úl,am h;=re :- m%d:ñl h;=r f,i f;aÍug

fkdyels jQ ksrEmH h;=re.
04. ixhqla; h;=r :- j.=jl fma<s wkkH f,i
y`ÿkd Wmldr jk .=Kdx.
2 la fyda Bg jeä .Kkl
o;a; iuqodh wdlD;s

tl;=jls.
05. [Link];=l h;=r :- j.= 2 la w;r
iïnkaO;djh we;s lrhs.
cd, wdlD;sh
[Link];=l h;=rlg fhduq
j.=fõ m%d:ñl h;=rg
.e<mSug ;Srejl fyda ;Sre
lÜg,hl tla tla w.h
wjYH fõ.

iïnkaOl o;a; iuqodh ie,iqï lsÍu

jia;= iïnkaOl wdlD;sh

ixl,amSh o;a; fN!;sl ie,eiau
wdlD;sh ^physical Designing&
iïnkaOl wdlD;sh ^;d¾lsl o;a; wdlD;sh& ^iïnkaOl ufkdargd&
^N+;d¾: iïnkaOl m%ia:dr& ^Relalional Schema&
^ER Diagram&

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 o;a; iuqodh l<uKdlrKh
ER Diagram we`§fïÈ Ndú;djk ixfla; ER igykla ;d¾lsl mámdál igykla njg
mßj¾:kh lsÍu

 N+;d¾: (Enliy) N+;d¾: (Entily) j.=j (Table)

.=Kdx. (Attribites) Wm,els (column)

 ÿ¾j, N+;d¾: (Weak Enliy)

Address
First
Name
 Wm,CIK /.=Kdx. (Attributes) [Link]
Name

Date of Last
Birth Name
 ixhqla; Wm,CIK (Composite Attributes)

Student
Age Telephone
Number

Student ([Link] , Address , First Name , Last Name ,

 nyq jákdlï iys; Wm,CIK (Multi Value Date of Birth)
Attributes) Student TPNo ([Link] , Telephone Number)

 ixhqla; Wm ,CIK iys; úg Wm ,CIK

muKla we;=¿ lrhs. (Name)
 jHq;amkak Wm ,CIK lsisÿ úgl ,shkq
 jHq;amkak Wm,CIK (Derived Attributes) fkd,efí. (Age)
 nyq jákdlï iys; Wm ,CIKj,g fjku
j.=jla iEÈh hq;=h. (Telephone Number)
kj j.=fõ m%d:ñl h;=r ixhqla; h;=rla jk
w;r th N+;d¾:fha m%d:ñl h;=r fõ.

 ine`Èhdj (Relationship)
EID

Employee Has
.KkSh;d iïnkaO ffjl,ams; iïnkaO;d
P tAl - tAl ino;d (1:1)
P tAl - nyq ino;d (1:M) Gender
P nyq - nyq ino;d (M:M) Dependent

Name

DOB
Relation

Dependent ( EID , Name , Gender , Relation , DOB )

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 o;a; iuqodh l<uKdlrKh
R One to One  nyq - nyq iïnkaO;djhl § j.= 2 ys u
Name DOB m%d:ñl h;=re f.k ixhqla; h;=rla lr kj
j.=jla idohs.
[Link] 1
Student
ER igyka EER igyks njg m;a lsÍug i<lk
lreKq
1
Table Belongs
01) úfYaISlrKh (Speciallization)
02) idudkHlrKh (Generallization)
TID Tname 03) ixhqla;lrKh (Aggregation)
04) ixOdk.; ùu (Union / Calegory)
Student( [Link] , Name , DOB , TID)
iïndOl m%rEm
Table(TID , Tname)
 wNsY+kH fkdjk iïndOl
foreign key
R One to Many CREATE TABLE Person
Cname (
CID ID INT NOT NULL ,
1 Name VARCHAR (25) NOT NULL
Class );

 wkkH iïndOl
DOB
M
Has CREATE TABLE Person
Student
(
ID INT NOT NULL UNIQUE ,
Name [Link] Name VARCHAR (25) NOT NULL
);
Class (CID , Cname)
Student( [Link] , Name , DOB , CID)
 m%d:ñl h;=re iïndOlh
foreign key CREATE TABLE Person
R Many to Many (
ID INT (6) NOT NULL ,
Name Gender
Name VARCHAR (25) ,
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
DID Doctor M
);

 [Link];=l h;=re iïndOlh

PID Patient N Treat CREATE TABLE Person
(
ID INT (6) NOT NULL ,
Name DOB Name VARCHAR (25) ,
Time Date PRIMARY KEY (ID) ,
Foreign key (VID) REFERENCES
Doctor (DID , Name , Gender) Vehicle (VID
Patient (PID , Name , DOB) );
Treat (DID , PID , Date , Time)
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 o;a; iuqodh l<uKdlrKh
 j.= mÍCIK iïndOlh  j.=jl ku fjkia lsÍu.
ALTER TABLE old_table_name
CREATE TABLE Person
RENAME new_table_name ;
(
ID INT (6) NOT NULL ,
Name VARCHAR (25) ,  j.=jl ;Srejl o;a; m%rEmh fjkia lsÍu.
Age INT (3) , ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY
CHECK (Age >= 18) field_name new_data_type ;
);
 Ndú;d jk j.=jlg ;Srejla tl;= lsÍu.
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD
SQL field_name data_type ;
(Structured Query Language)
 Ndú; j.=jlska ;Srejla bj;a lsÍu.
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP
field_name ;
DDL DML
Data Definition Language Data Manipulating Language
 j.=jlg m%d:ñl h;=rla tla lsÍu
j.= ks¾udKhg, jHqy o;a; we;=<;a lsÍug,
ALTER TABLE table_name
fjkia lsÍug fuu mj;sk o;a; fjkia
NdIdj fhdod .kS. lsÍug, o;a; bj;a lsÍu
ADD PRIMARY KEY (feild_name );
hkdÿhg fuu NdIdj  j.=jlska m%d:ñl h;=rla bj;a lsÍu.
 CREAIE / DROP / fhdod .kS. ALTER TABLE table_name DROP
ALTER / ADD PRIMARY KEY ;
 INSERT / SELECT /
ODER BY / GROUP
 j.=jl we;s ish¨ o;a; ,nd .ekSu.
BY / UPDATE /
SELECT * FROM table_name ;
DELETE
 j.=jl we;s Wm,els lsysmhl muKla o;a;
 Command Coding 
,nd .ekSu.
SELECT field_name,field_name,...
 o;a; .nvdjla ks¾udKh
FROM table_name ;
CREATE DATABASE Name ;
SELECT + WHERE úOdk ,sùu.
 o;a; .nvdjla Ndú;h
USE [Link] ; Operator úia;rh
= iudk
j.= ks¾udKh <> wiudk
CREATE TABLE table.name_(
> úYd,
colum1 Datatype ,
colum2 Datatype , > l=vd
colum3 Datatype , >= úYd, fyda iudk
.... );
<= l=vd fyda iudk
 j.=fõ Privew tlla ,nd .ekSu. Between w;rueÈ
DESCRIBE table_name ;
Like rgdjla fiúu
 j.=jg o;a; tl;= lsßu. IN úfYaIs; [Link] fiúu
INSERT INTO table_name (first_name,
field_name,field_name)
Values (‘data’,’data’,’data’);
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 o;a; iuqodh l<uKdlrKh
 ,ndfok fldkafoais imqrd,k yd mßYS,lhd  j.=jl o;a; wjfrdayK ms<sfj<g m%;sodkh
úiska b,a¨ï lrkq ,nk Wm,elsj,g wod< SELECT field_name,field_name,...
o;a; ,nd .ekSu. FROM table_name ORDER BY field_
name des ;
SELECT field_name,field_name,...
FROM table_name WHERE field_name  GROUP BY :- hï m%;sodkhla ldKav f,i
operator ‘value’ ; ,nd .ekSu.
SELECT funtion(field_name)FROM
ex :- table_name
SELECT name,salary from employee GROUP BY (field_name) ;
WHERE section = ‘IT’ ;
INNER JOIN

 Like operator :- lsishï wCIrhla u; mokïj

wCIrfha msysàug wod<j o;a; fidhhs.

SELECT table_name , table_name

A% A wCIrfhka mgka .kakd FROM table_name Inner Join table_name
ON table_name, field_name = table_name
_A% fojk wCIrh A jk
field_name;
%A% o;a;fha fldfya fyda ia:dkhl A
;sfí.
LEFT JOIN
%A A wCIrfhka wjika jk
A%B A wCIrfhka mgkaf.k B [Link]
Joins

wjika jk
%A_ wjika wl=rg fmr wl=r A jk
SELECT table_name , table_name
FROM table_name Left Join table_name
ON table_name, field_name = table_name
Funtions field_name;

max - Wmßuh RIGHT JOIN

min - wjuh
count - m%udKh
sum - tl;=j
arg - idudkH w.h SELECT table_name , table_name
FROM table_name Right Join table_name
ON table_name, field_name = table_name
field_name;
 o;a; tl;=jlska úfYAIs; jQ o;a; lsysmhla
Ndú; j.=jl o;a; fjkia lsÍu
,nd .ekSu.
UPDATE table_name SET field_name operator
SELECT funtion (field_name) FROM ‘value’ ;
table_name ;
j.=jl Wm,elshdk bj;a lsÍu
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE field_
 ORDER BY operator :- lsishï m%;sodkhla name=’value’ ;
wdfrdayK fyda wjfrdayK ms<sfj<g ilihs.

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