l%uf,aLlrKh
.eg`M úi§fï l%shdj,sfha mshjr Python l%uf,aL NdIdj
1' .eg`Mj úYaf,aIKh lsÍu
2' we,af.dß;u [Link] [Link] ² újrK (Comments)
3' mß.Kl l%uf,aLh ieliSu mß.Kl jevigykl l%shdldÍ;ajh meyeÈ,s
4' l%uf,aLfha fodaI y`ÿkd .ekSu lrk w;r jevigyfka l%shdldÍ;ajhg
5' l%shd;aul lsÍu n,mEula we;s fkdlrhs'
1' single line comments
² we,af.dß;u [Link] [Link] #this is a comment
.eg`Mjla úi`§fï mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska ±laùu
we,af.dß;uhls' 2' multi line comments
ks¾udKh l< yels wdldr 3ls' ''' This is
also a
1' Flow Chart ^.e,Sï igyka& comment'''
2' Pseudo Code ^jHdc fla;&
3' Hand Trace ^yia;dkqf¾Ld& ² úp,H (Variables)
[Link] ;djld,slj .nvd lsÍug Ndú;d fõ
² mß.Kl l%uf,aL ieliSu úp,H kdu$y`ÿkajk f;aÍfï§ my; wdldrhg
we,af.dß;u Ndú;d lr l%shd;aul jk l< hq;=h'
mß.Kl jevigyka ks¾udKh lrhs' 1' há br (_) fyda wl=rlska werôh hq;=h'
2' ixfla; Ndú;d l< fkdyel'
python, C, C#, C++, JAVA (@,#,%,jeks)
3' Case Sensitive fõ'
² .e,Sï igyka (Flow Chart) (Capital/simple fjkiaj y`ÿkd .kS)
we,af.dß;uhlA Ñ;%l$rEmuh wdldrfhka
ksrEmkh lrhs' NdId mßj¾:l uDÿldx.
Ndú;d jk ixfla; ² w¾: úkHdil (Interpretre)
l%uf,aLfha mshjfrka mshjr mßj¾;kh
Python
wdrïNh$wjidkh wdodk$m%;sodk ² iïmdol (Compiler)
iïmQ¾K l%uf,aLhu tljr mßj¾;kh
lrhs'
Pascal
l%shdj,s
f;aÍï o;a; j¾. (Data types)
1' Intergers ^ksÅ,&
mQ¾K ixLHd ksrEmkh lrhs'
.e,Sï ÈYdj iïnkaOl
2' Float ^oYu&
oYu ixLHd ksrEmkh lrhs'
² we,af.dß;u md,k jHqy 3ls'
³ wkql%uh Sequence 3' Boolean ^nQ,Sh [Link]&
mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska .,d hhs' i;H$wi;H nj ksrEmkh lrhs'
³ jrKh ^f;aÍï& Selection
hï mshjrla f;dard f.k bÈßhg hdu
³ mqk¾lrKh Iteration
hï mshjrla f;dard f.k bÈßhg hdu
LASITHA PRASAD
oefkkak ict
[Link] PAGE 1
l%uf,aLlrKh
Operators & Expressions ² a = 10 a>>2
8 4 2 1
1' wxl .Ks;uh (Arithmetic) 1 0 1 0 tkï iEu ìgqjlau ia:dk
2' iyiïnkaê; (Relational/Comparison) folla >> foig .uka lr
3' Assignment 0 0 1 0 ;sfí'
4' ;d¾lsl (Logical) 2
5' ìgq wkqidß; (Bitwise)
6' Membership
7' Identity ² a = 10 a<<2
1' wxl .Ks;uh 32 16 8 4 2 1
² uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u isÿ lrhs' 1 0 1 0
² 4+5=9 tkï iEu ìgqjlau ia:dk
"a" + "b" = "ab" 1 0 1 0
40 folla << foig .uka lr
² +, -, *, **, /, %, // ;sfí'
² 2**2=22=4
² 4/2 = 2.0
² 16%3 = 1 ² 5 & 3 idok wdldrh
² 10//3 = 3 oaúuh lr .kak'
101 & 011
2' iy iïnkaê; 101 AND 011 = 0012 tkï 1
² [Link] ixikaokhg Ndú;d fõ'
² 3<4 True 4' ;d¾lsl
3>4 False Time$False [Link] ,ndf.k tau;
l%shd;aul fõ
² 4==4 True and,or,not
5==4 False a = True
b = False kï
² 4! = 5 True a and b False
4! = 4 False a or b True
not b True
² <, >, <=, >=, ==, != Ndú;d fõ'
5. Membership
3' ìgq wkqidß; o;a; wkql%uhl [Link] ;sfío keoao hkak
² tla tla úp,H j, oaúuh w.h ,ndf.k mÍlaId lsÍu
ìgq wkqidß; ld¾hhka isÿ lr kej; in, not in
mej;s iajrEmfhkau o;a; yrjd m%;sodkh x = [23, 45, 68, 10] #output
lrhs print(45 in x) True
² & - AND ~ Bitwise Invert print (70 not in x) True
| - OR << - Binary Left Shift
^ - XOR >> - Binary Right Shift 6. Identity
úp,H 2l [Link] ikaikaokhla lsÍug
² Bit wise Invert (~) fhdod .kS
X kï úp,Hfha w.h jkqfha is, is not
-(x+1)
~5 kï -(5+1) -6 x=8
y=8
x is y True
x is not y False
LASITHA PRASAD
ict
oefkkak
[Link] PAGE 2
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² Assignment List
jákdlula wdfoaY lsÍug Ndú;d fõ' ² mutable fõ'
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, //=, **= ² kej; kej; tlu o;a;h fhÈh yelsh'
x+ = 30 kï thska woyia jkafka" ² ^String" Float" & úúO j¾.fha o;a; ;sìh
x = x + 30 hkakhs' yelsh'
ta wdldrhg by; wfkl=;a ldrlo ² List01=["mom", "dad", "bro"]
l%shd;aul fõ
² fuys§ ia:dkSh [Link] Ndú;d l< yelsfõ'
² list iuÕ Y%s; Ndú;h
o;a; j¾. insert ^index no" item&
,ehsia;=fõ ksYaÑ; ia:dkSh [Link]
String whs;uhla we;=,a lsÍu
² Wvq fldud we;=<; olajhs'
ia:dkSh [Link] Ndú;d l< yelsh' append ^&
x = "Lasitha" whs;uhla ,hsia;=fõ w.g we;=,;a lrhs
L a s i t h a
del listname ['index no']
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
,ehsia;=jl hï ia:dkhl whs;uh tys
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 index no' Ndú;fhka bj;a lrhs'
remove ^&
print (x [0:6]) #output
Lasith ,ehsia;=fõ jákdlula bj;a lrhs
print (x [-4:-2]) len^&
it
count ^&
² string iu`. reverse ^& ^reverse tlg list tl m%;sOdkh&
+, * , in, not in Ndú;d fõ'
x = "Lasitha" #OUTPUT
x = x + "Prasad" LasithaPrasad Tuple
print (x) ² () Ndú;d fõ'
² immutable fõ'
² string iu`. Ndú; l< yels Y%s; ² úúO j¾.fha o;a; kej; kej; fhÈh yel
upper () - ish¨ wl=re capital lrhs' ² tuple folla tl;= lsÍu l< yels w;r
lower () - ish¨ wl=re simpal lrhs' fjk;a fjkialï l< fkdyel'
count () - hï fldgia fh§ we;s jdr ² Ndú;d l< yels Y%s;
.Kk' len ^tuplename&
len () - È. $wl=re .Kk fiùu' [Link] ^&
split () - fok [Link] u; string fldgia [Link] ()
fjka lsÍu'
Dictionary
jeo.;a lreKq ² {} Ndú;d fõ'
mutable - hï jia;=jla ks¾udKh l< miq tys ² mutable fõ'
w.h fjkia l< yelskï tajd ² key, value hq.< f,i o;a; we;'
mutable fõ' ² úúO j¾.fha o;a; ;sìh yelsh'
imutable - ks¾udKh l< miq w.h fjkia l<
fkdyels kï immutable fõ' ² dic01={"Amila" : "1990", "Janith" : "1957"}
² jákdlula we;=`M lsÍu
dic01 ["Kamal" ] = "1996"
² ish`M o;a; bj;a lsÍu'
[Link]()
² iïmQ¾K dictionary tl bj;a lsÍu
LASITHA PRASAD
ict
oefkkak
[Link]
del dic01
PAGE 3
l%uf,aLlrKh
mqk¾lrKh
m%uqL;djh (precedence) wdldr 2ls'
² m%uqL;djh jevs isg wvq ms<sfj<ska' 1. for loop
² tl fma<sfha we;s tajdh iudk m%uqL;djhla 2. while loop
mj;S
** for Loop
~, +, - mqk¾lrKh jk jdr .Kk ksYaÑ; kï
*, / , %, // Ndú;d fõ'
+, - hï mrdihl fyda ,hsia;=jl Ndú;d l<
>>, << yelsh'
&
^, | mrdihl
<=, <, >, >= Syntax ^ldrl kS;sh&
=, %=, +=, *=, **= wdrïNl w.h lSfhka lSh Gap tlla
o hkak
is, is not,
in, not in for i in range (Start value, stop value, step value);
not, or, and -----------------------------------------------------
wjika w.h
-----------------------------------------------------
l%uf,aL [Link]ï§ fmr fuka md,k jHqy
3la Ndú;d fõ' ,ehsia;=jl
1' wkql%uh (Sequence) Syntax ^ldrl kS;sh&
ms<sfj,ska .,dhdu isÿfõ
^mshjfrka mshjr& for Listname in List:
2' jrKh (Selection) ..................................................................
if, elif, else Ndú;d fõ'
Syntax ^ldrl kS;sh&
if ................................ : while Loop
................................................. mqk¾lrKh jk jdr .Kk ksYaÑ; ke;akï
elif ................................ : Ndú;d fõ'
.................................................. jdr .Kk okafka kï túg o Ndú;d l<
else : yelsh
................................................... Syntax ^ldrl kS;sh&
jeo.;a lreKq while .............................................. :
o;a; wdodkhla ,nd .kakd wdldrh ..............................................
oYu kï" (Float) ..............................................
x=float(input("Enter"))
ksÅ, kï" (interger) Æm iu`. break, continue keywords
x=int(input("Enter"))
break
string kï" (default fõ) mqk¾lrKh ùfï§ hï lreKla i;H ù break
x=input("Enter")) lr ;sfí kï t;kska loop tl wjika ù loop
or fhka msgùu isÿfõ'
x=str(input("Enter"))
;srfha m%o¾Ykh jk hula we;=<;a
lsÍfï§ — ˜ ,l=Kq we;=<; th i`oyka l<
hq;=h'
LASITHA PRASAD
oefkkak ict
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Continue file write
mqk¾lrKh ùfï§ continue yuq jQ úg
t;ekska miq Æmfha we;s lsisjla fkdi,ld
python ndysr
B,. jdrfha isg kej; loop l%shd;aul
code [Link]
ù[Link] hhs'
^Æmfha tu mshjr skip lsÍula muKla ±l file read
.; yelsh' iïmQ¾Kfhka wjika fkdfõ'&
The open function - Syntax
Y%s; (Functions)
function call tlla ,nd ÿka úg muKla f = open ("[Link]","mode")
l%shd;aul fõ'
modes
^Y%s; le`oùula&
r - lshùu
Syntax ^ldrl kS;sh& r+ - lshùu" ,sùu
w - ,sùu
def functionname ^mrdñ;sSka& : w+ - ,sùu" lshùu
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' a - [Link]õ fl<jr ,sùu
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' a+ - lshùu" fl<jrg tl;= lsÍu
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
return .......................... [Link] lshùu
f= open ("[Link]","r")
line = [Link] () fma,shla lshùu
return values print (line)
Y%s;hla wjidkfya Y%s; le`oùu l< ia:dkhg [Link]()
hï [Link] ,nd §u fuhska isÿ lrhs'
line=[Link]() iïmQ¾K [Link] lshùu isÿfõ'
mrdñ;Ska (parameters)
def sum(arg1, arg2): [Link] ,Sùu
tot=arg1+arg2 f= open ("[Link]","a")
return tot [Link]("Hello")
[Link]("\t") tab space tlla ;eîu
tot=sum(10,20) [Link]("\n") new line tlla .ekSu
[Link]()
fuys§ arg1=10, arg2=20 f,i mrdñ;Ska wdfoaY
fõ b,lalï [Link] ,sùfï§"
global keyword x = 10
Y%s;hla ;=< global úp,Hla w¾: ±laùug [Link](str(x))
Ndú;d fõ [Link] f,i ,súh hq;=h'
predefined functions ^fmr ieliqï Y%s;&
input() any ()
range () file ()
abs () str ()
all () float ()
[Link] fufyhqï (Basic file operations)
python u`.ska ndysr [Link], l%shdldrlï l,
yelsh'
LASITHA PRASAD
ict
oefkkak
[Link] PAGE 5