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OSI Model

The OSI Model is a framework that describes how data moves through a network by dividing communication into seven distinct layers, each with specific functions. These layers include Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application, which handle everything from hardware transmission to user services. Each layer plays a crucial role in ensuring effective and efficient data communication between devices.

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3 views2 pages

OSI Model

The OSI Model is a framework that describes how data moves through a network by dividing communication into seven distinct layers, each with specific functions. These layers include Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application, which handle everything from hardware transmission to user services. Each layer plays a crucial role in ensuring effective and efficient data communication between devices.

Uploaded by

rtmukweveri30
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OSI Model

The OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is a conceptual framework used to
understand how data travels through a network. It divides communication into 7 layers, each
with a specific function.

The 7 Layers of the OSI Model

1. Physical Layer (Layer 1)

• Deals with hardware transmission of raw data bits

• Includes cables, switches, voltages, signals

• Example: Ethernet cables

2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

• Ensures error-free transfer between two connected devices

• Uses MAC addresses

• Breaks data into frames

• Example: Switches, NIC (Network Interface Card)

3. Network Layer (Layer 3)

• Handles routing and addressing

• Uses IP addresses

• Determines the best path for data

• Example: Routers

4. Transport Layer (Layer 4)

• Provides end-to-end communication

• Ensures data is delivered correctly and in order

• Protocols: TCP (reliable), UDP (faster, less reliable)

5. Session Layer (Layer 5)

• Manages sessions (connections) between devices

• Opens, maintains, and closes communication


6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6)

• Translates data into a readable format

• Handles encryption, compression, formatting

7. Application Layer (Layer 7)

• Closest to the user

• Provides network services to applications

• Examples: Web browsers, email, file transfer

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