5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Data types
integer | Float | String | Boolean

In [1]: 1 # integer

Out[1]: 1

In [2]: 1+5

Out[2]: 6

In [3]: type( 1 )

Out[3]: int

In [4]: 1.5 # float

Out[4]: 1.5

In [5]: 1.8*1.2

Out[5]: 2.16

In [6]: type(1.5)

Out[6]: float

In [7]: 'my name is kunal' # string

Out[7]: 'my name is kunal'

In [8]: type('my name is kunal')

Out[8]: str

In [9]: True

Out[9]: True

In [10]: False

Out[10]: False

In [11]: type(True) # boolean

Out[11]: bool

[Link] 1/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

In [12]: 12354*True

Out[12]: 12354

In [13]: 123456*False

Out[13]: 0

In [14]: True + True + False

Out[14]: 2

operators

-- + | - | / | * | ** Power | // Modulo | % Remainder

In [15]: 10+85

Out[15]: 95

In [16]: 5-54

Out[16]: -49

In [17]: 2*78

Out[17]: 156

In [18]: 2**3 # POWER

Out[18]: 8

In [19]: 5 // 2 # Modulo

Out[19]: 2

In [20]: 5 % 2 # Remainder

Out[20]: 1

Membership operator

In [21]: 'z' in 'delhi'

Out[21]: False

In [22]: 'MY' in 'My name is kunal arora'

Out[22]: False

In [23]: 'MY'.lower() in 'My name is kunal arora'.lower()

[Link] 2/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[23]: True

In [24]: 'MY'.lower()

Out[24]: 'my'

Logical Operaters > | < | >= | <= | == equals | != not equals

In [25]: 2>5

Out[25]: False

In [26]: 10<50

Out[26]: True

In [27]: 2*8 == 16

Out[27]: True

In [28]: 'a' == 'a'

Out[28]: True

In [29]: 'A' == 'a'

Out[29]: False

In [30]: 'A'.lower() == 'a'

Out[30]: True

In [31]: 2 != 1+1

Out[31]: False

Asignment Operator = Variables Naming Convention

1. name cannot start with number

2. name cannot have special characters
3. name cannot have space in between
4. name cannot be assigned as keyword

In [32]: Number1 = 100

In [33]: Number1*2

Out[33]: 200

In [34]: Number1

[Link] 3/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[34]: 100

In [35]: full_name = 'kunal arora'

In [36]: full_name

Out[36]: 'kunal arora'

In [2]: and_ = 55 # this will not work because and is a keyword in python

In [38]: and_

Out[38]: 55

Containers
In [39]: # List [storage which can be updated]
L1 =[ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ]

In [40]: L1

Out[40]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

In [41]: type(L1)

Out[41]: list

In [42]: y = [1.1 , 1 , 'a' , True ]

In [43]: y

Out[43]: [1.1, 1, 'a', True]

Add
In [44]: L1

Out[44]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

In [45]: [Link](100) # for single value addition

In [46]: L1

Out[46]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 100]

In [47]: [Link]([786,787]) # addition of more than 1 value

[Link] 4/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

In [48]: L1

Out[48]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 100, 786, 787]

In [49]: L1[0]

Out[49]: 1

In [50]: L1[-1]

Out[50]: 787

In [51]: [Link](2,500)

In [52]: L1

Out[52]: [1, 2, 500, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 100, 786, 787]

Removal
In [53]: [Link](100)

In [54]: L1

Out[54]: [1, 2, 500, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 786, 787]

In [55]: del L1[-1]

In [56]: L1

Out[56]: [1, 2, 500, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 786]

In [57]: del L1[-2]

In [58]: L1

Out[58]: [1, 2, 500, 3, 4, 5, 6, 786]

In [59]: backup = [Link](0)

In [60]: backup

Out[60]: 1

In [61]: L1

Out[61]: [2, 500, 3, 4, 5, 6, 786]

[Link] 5/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Sort
In [62]: [Link]()

In [63]: L1

Out[63]: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 500, 786]

In [64]: [Link](reverse=True)

In [65]: L1

Out[65]: [786, 500, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]

Slicing
In [66]: X = [57,43,64,99,33]

In [67]: X[0]

Out[67]: 57

In [68]: X[1]

Out[68]: 43

In [69]: X[-1]

Out[69]: 33

In [70]: X[0:2] # start_index : end_index

Out[70]: [57, 43]

In [71]: X[0:5]

Out[71]: [57, 43, 64, 99, 33]

In [72]: X[0:5:2] # start_index : end_index : step size

Out[72]: [57, 64, 33]

In [73]: X

Out[73]: [57, 43, 64, 99, 33]

In [74]: X[-1:-6:-1]

[Link] 6/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[74]: [33, 99, 64, 43, 57]

In [75]: X[-1:-6:-1]

Out[75]: [33, 99, 64, 43, 57]

In [76]: X[:2]

Out[76]: [57, 43]

In [77]: X[2:]

Out[77]: [64, 99, 33]

In [78]: X

Out[78]: [57, 43, 64, 99, 33]

In [79]: X[::-1] # Reverse

Out[79]: [33, 99, 64, 43, 57]

In [80]: X[:]

Out[80]: [57, 43, 64, 99, 33]

In [81]: X

Out[81]: [57, 43, 64, 99, 33]

Count
In [82]: Fruits = ['apple','apple','banana','banana','apple','apple']

In [83]: [Link]('banana')

Out[83]: 2

In [84]: L2 = [1,2,1,5,6,1]

In [85]: [Link](1)

Out[85]: 3

index
In [86]: [Link](5) # index number of a value [first occurance]

[Link] 7/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[86]: 3

In [87]: [Link](1,3) # getting index number of 1 in a list while seaching from index 3

Out[87]: 5

item Assignment
In [88]: x = [1,2,3,4]

In [89]: x[-1] = 400

In [90]: x

Out[90]: [1, 2, 3, 400]

In [91]: x[0] = 100

In [92]: x

Out[92]: [100, 2, 3, 400]

Aggregate
In [97]: x=[11,22,33,44]

In [98]: x

Out[98]: [11, 22, 33, 44]

In [104… len(x) # count number of values

Out[104… 4

In [105… sum(x) # total

Out[105… 110

In [101… min(x)

Out[101… 11

In [102… max(x)

Out[102… 44

In [106… sum(x)/len(x) # average = total / count

[Link] 8/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[106… 27.5

tuple [storage which cannot be changed ]

In [108… a = 1,2,3

In [109… a

Out[109… (1, 2, 3)

In [110… a =(1,2,3)

In [111… a

Out[111… (1, 2, 3)

In [116… # a[0] = 100 # Hence tuple cannot be changed

In [117… # list is mutable whereas tuple is immutable

SET
In [119… # 1) remove duplicates
# 2) sort in ascending order
{ 1,2,3,1,4,7,5 }

Out[119… {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}

In [120… S1 = {1,2,3,4}
S2 = {1,2,3,5}

In [123… S1 & S2 # common elements in both set [& = intersection ]

Out[123… {1, 2, 3}

In [124… [Link](S2)

Out[124… {1, 2, 3}

In [129… S1 ^ S2 # Anti

Out[129… {4, 5}

In [128… S1 - S2 # LEft Anti

Out[128… {4}

In [127… S2 - S1

[Link] 9/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[127… {5}

In [130… [Link](S2)

Out[130… {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

In [132… [Link](1.5)

In [133… S1

Out[133… {1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4}

In [134… [Link](3)

In [135… S1

Out[135… {1, 1.5, 2, 4}

Dictionary
Key value Pairs

In [182… Employees = { 'Emp_id' : [1,2,3,4] ,

'Name' : ['Raam','Shyam','Hari','Murli'] ,
'Salary' : [120846,799879,49849,12344] }

In [183… Employees

Out[183… {'Emp_id': [1, 2, 3, 4],

'Name': ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli'],
'Salary': [120846, 799879, 49849, 12344]}

add Key

In [184… Employees['HRA'] = (10,20,30,40)

In [185… Employees

Out[185… {'Emp_id': [1, 2, 3, 4],

'Name': ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli'],
'Salary': [120846, 799879, 49849, 12344],
'HRA': (10, 20, 30, 40)}

In [186… Employees['HRA'][0] = 100 # tuple cannot be changed

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[186], line 1
----> 1 Employees['HRA'][0] = 100 # tuple cannot be changed

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

[Link] 10/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

In [187… Employees['HRA'] = [10,20,30,40] # we cannot have duplicate keys inside dictionary

# so it overwrites

In [188… Employees

Out[188… {'Emp_id': [1, 2, 3, 4],

'Name': ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli'],
'Salary': [120846, 799879, 49849, 12344],
'HRA': [10, 20, 30, 40]}

In [189… Employees['HRA'][0] = 100

In [190… Employees

Out[190… {'Emp_id': [1, 2, 3, 4],

'Name': ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli'],
'Salary': [120846, 799879, 49849, 12344],
'HRA': [100, 20, 30, 40]}

delete Key

In [191… del Employees['HRA']

In [192… Employees

Out[192… {'Emp_id': [1, 2, 3, 4],

'Name': ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli'],
'Salary': [120846, 799879, 49849, 12344]}

In [193… Employees ['Name'] # view values inside key

Out[193… ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli']

In [194… [Link]('Name') # view values inside key

Out[194… ['Raam', 'Shyam', 'Hari', 'Murli']

In [199… sum(Employees['Salary']) # total Salary

Out[199… 982918

In [200… len(Employees['Salary']) # count of records

Out[200… 4

In [201… min(Employees['Salary'])

Out[201… 12344

In [202… max(Employees['Salary'])

Out[202… 799879

[Link] 11/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

In [204… sum(Employees['Salary']) / len(Employees['Salary']) # Average

Out[204… 245729.5

In [205… pwd

Out[205… 'D:\\ducat\\Class Files\\Weekend\\18-00\\rev'

String
In [210… S1 = 'my name is kunal' # normal String
S2 = "my name is 'kunal' arora" # sub string
S3 = ''' my name is
kunal arora ''' # Multiple Line String

In [211… S1

Out[211… 'my name is kunal'

In [212… print(S1)

my name is kunal

In [213… print(S2)

my name is 'kunal' arora

In [214… print(S3)

my name is
kunal arora

In [216… S3 # \n is for next line

Out[216… ' my name is \nkunal arora '

Case Sensativity
In [217… Reviews = 'Good GOOD good gOoD'

In [246… [Link]('good')

Out[246… 1

In [225… [Link]() # all characters will be in small case

Out[225… 'good good good good'

In [220… [Link]().count('good')

[Link] 12/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

Out[220… 4

In [224… [Link]() # all characters will be in capital case

Out[224… 'GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD'

In [223… [Link]() # 1st character of every word will be capital

Out[223… 'Good Good Good Good'

In [226… [Link]() # 1st character of text will be capital

Out[226… 'Good good good good'

In [227… Reviews

Out[227… 'Good GOOD good gOoD'

In [229… [Link]() # capital letters will become small and small will become capita

Out[229… 'gOOD good GOOD GoOd'

In [233… len(Reviews) # total characters in text including space , special , digits , alphab

Out[233… 19

In [235… Reviews

Out[235… 'Good GOOD good gOoD'

In [236… [Link]('good','bad')

Out[236… 'Good GOOD bad gOoD'

In [237… S1

Out[237… 'my name is kunal'

In [238… [Link]('is')

Out[238… 8

In [239… S4 = 'my name i,s kunal'

In [244… [Link]('is')

Out[244… -1

In [20]: { 1,2,1,3,4,7,5 } # 1) remove Duplicate , 2) sort in ascending

In [5]: S1 = { 1,2,1,3,4,7,5 }

[Link] 13/14
5/8/26, 3:07 PM Basic

In [21]: S1

In [7]: S2 = {1,2,3,6}

In [22]: S2

In [23]: S1 & S2 # intersection [Common Elements]

In [24]: S1 ^ S2 # Anti

In [25]: type(S1)

In [26]: S1 - S2 # LEft Anti

In [14]: [Link](58)

In [15]: S1

Out[15]: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58}

In [16]: [Link](3.5)

In [17]: S1

Out[17]: {1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 7, 58}

In [18]: [Link](3.5)

In [19]: S1

Out[19]: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 58}

In [ ]:

[Link] 14/14