Web Design and Programming
(SEng3071)
Chapter 5
Basics of PHP
Prepared By: Helawe Behailu April, 2024
Content
• Introduction
• What is php?
• Features of php
• Basic php syntax
• Variable types in php
• Retrieve data from html forms
• Control structures
• Conditional and loop
statements
• Functions
• References and arrays
Introduction
HTML - focuses on marking up information (define the content of
web pages)
CSS - focuses on formatting and presenting information (specify the
layout of web pages)
JavaScript - to program the behavior of web pages ( to add dynamic
features on the client side)
PHP - is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making
dynamic and interactive Web pages. ( used to add dynamic features
on the server side…including database interaction)
Introduction (cont...)
• Static vs Dynamic Web Sites
• Static Websites - Written in HTML only
• Dynamic Websites - do more interactive things.
• Markup language like HTML
• Scripting (both client and server side) language
• PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making
dynamic and interactive Web pages.
Client Side Scripting vs. Server Side Scripting
Client side Server Side
Webserver
HTML* PHP Engine
HTML PHP
Common Web Application Architecture
Requests
Browser Server
Responses
Requests
Responses
Responses
Script
Database Engine
Requests
Client-Side Technologies
CLIENT
Server
SIDE
Browser
HTML
JavaScript
CSS
Script
Database Engine
Server-Side Technologies
Browser Server
Apache
SERVER SIDE
Database Script PHP
MySQL Engine
Client-Side vs Server-Side Scripting
Client-side Server-side
Scripts are stored on the client (engine is in Scripts are stored on the server (engine is on
browser) server)
Scripts can be modified by the end user Scripts cannot be modified by the end user
Browser-dependent Browser-independent
Source code can be viewed Source code can’t be viewed
Can’t communicate with a database Can communicate with a database
No network overhead Dependent on network bandwidth
Processing is done by the browser - fast Processing is done by the server - slower
How Web Server Works?
• Client specifies document at a specific web address.
E.g. [Link]
• If the requested document is HTML or text, the server simply forwards it back to
the client.
• However, the requested document may be an executable script, or it may be
HTML with an embedded script, In this cases, the server executes the script.
• If the entire document was a script, the server simply sends the
output back to the client.
• If the document had an embedded script, the script sections are
replaced with the output and the modified document is then sent to
the client.
Note that: the client never sees the server-side script code.
What is PHP?
• PHP is a scripting language, created in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf from the
Apache Group, that is designed for producing dynamic Web content.
• PHP stands for: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language executed on the
server designed specifically for development of dynamic web page.
• Its similarity to C’s syntax and open-source nature make PHP relatively easy
to learn.
What is PHP? (cont...)
• PHP is another HUGE language
It is a fully functional language
It has an incredible amount of built-in features
• Form processing
• Output / generate various types of data (not just text)
• Database access
▪ Allows for various DBs and DB formats
• Object-oriented features
▪ Somewhat of a loose hybrid of C++ and Java
What is PHP? (cont...)
• Interpreted rather than compiled like Java or C.
• an embedded scripting language, meaning that it can exist within
HTML code.
• a server-side technology, everything happens on the server as
opposed to the Web browser’s computer, the client.
• cross-platform, meaning it can be used on Linux, Windows,
Macintosh, etc., making PHP very portable.
• compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side
What is a PHP File?
• PHP files can contain text, HTML, JavaScript code, and PHP code
• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser as plain HTML
• PHP files have a default file extension of “.php"
What Can PHP Do?
• PHP can generate dynamic page content.
• PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server.
• PHP can collect form data.
• PHP can send and receive cookies.
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database.
• PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website.
• PHP can encrypt data.
Why PHP?
• Powerful and flexible,
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side
• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X,
etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS,
etc.)
• PHP has support for a wide range of databases(MySQL, Informix,
Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc)
• PHP is an open source software and free to download and use.
• Easy to set up
Basic PHP Syntax
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello World";
?>
</body>
</html>
• <?php tag informs the server that PHP code is to follow.
• The server then switches over to PHP mode in anticipation of a PHP command.
• The ?> tag closes out the PHP mode with the server resuming its scanning in HTML
mode once more.
Basic PHP Syntax (cont...)
• All PHP code is contained in one of several script tags:
1. <?php
// Some code here
?>
2. <?
// Some code
?>
3. <script language=“PHP">
// Some code here
</script>
Details about PHP
• When a PHP file is requested, the PHP interpreter parses the entire
file
• Any content within PHP delimiter tags is interpreted, and the output
substituted
• Any other content (i.e. not within PHP delimiter tags) is simply passed on
unchanged
• This allows us to easily mix PHP and other content (ex: HTML)
• Each code line in PHP must end with a semicolon.
• The semicolon is a separator which is used to distinguish one set of
instructions from another.
• With PHP, there are two basic statements to output text in the browser:
echo and print.
Example
HTML 5 Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> Root HTML Tag
<head>
<title>Simple PHP Example</title>
Document Head
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "<p><h1>Output</h1>";
D print"<h2>Output</h2>";
O Print"<h3>Output</h3></p>";
C PHP Code
?>
<script language="PHP">
B echo "\n<b>More PHP Output</b>\n";
O echo "New line in source but not rendered";
D
echo "<br/>";
Y
echo "New line rendered but not in source";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example
<html>
<head><title>Hello World in PHP</title></head>
<body>
<?php //this is a comment in PHP, yes just like in Java
// <?php indicates the start of PHP directives in HTML
echo "Hello World";
//displays Hello World
//Finally terminate the PHP directives
?>
</body>
</html>
The use of include() Function
• Used to include external PHP file <?php
into another PHP code include ("[Link]");
?>
Example:
[Link]: <H2>Today's Headline:</H2>
<P ALIGN="center">
<?php $today=getdate(time());?>
[Link]: <?php
<SMALL>Today is <?php print print "World Peace Declared";
$today[weekday];?></SMALL> ?>
[Link]: </P><HR>
<?php include ("[Link]");
?>
Script Execution
• There are two methods for executing PHP scripts:
▪ via the Web server, and
▪ the command-line interface (CLI).
• The first method will be used almost exclusively in this course, so you
may ignore the CLI for now.
1. Upload your .php file to your Web account (i.e., within the www-
home directory).
2. Make sure the permissions are set correctly;
3. Navigate to the file with a Web browser.
Script Execution (cont...)
• The PHP processor has two modes: copy (HTML) and interpret (PHP).
• PHP processor takes a PHP document as input and produces an HTML
document file
• When it finds HTML code in the input file, simply copies it to the
output file
• When it finds PHP script, it interprets it and send any output of the
script to the output file
• This new output file is sent to the requesting browser.
• The client never sees the PHP script.
Basic PHP Facts
• Like JS, PHP is usually purely interpreted
• Syntax and semantics are closely related to JS
• Like JS, PHP uses dynamic typing
• PHP variables are case sensitive, but reserved words and function
names are not.
Example:
• while, WHILE, While, and wHiLe are same
Comments in PHP
• In PHP, three different kinds (Java <html>
and Perl) <body>
(a) // ... ; for single line <?php
//This is a comment
(b) # ... ; for single line # this is also a comment
(c) /* ... */ ; for multiple-line /*
This is a comment
block
*/
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Variables
• A variable is a holder for a type of data.
• They are dynamically typed, so you do not need to specify the type (e.g.,
int, float, etc.).
• All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.
<?php
$txt="Hello World!";
$x=16;
?>
• In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it.
• PHP is a Loosely Typed Language
Rules for PHP variable
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
• A variable name must begin with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• A variable name should not contain spaces
• Variable names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different
variables)
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$txt = “Php variable example!";
$x = 30;
$y = 20.5;
echo $txt;
echo "<br>";
echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>
Environment/Predefined Variables
• Beyond the variables you declare in your code, PHP has a collection of
environment variables, which are system defined variables that are
accessible from anywhere inside the PHP code ("superglobals“
variables),
• These variables allow the script access to server information, form
parameters, environment information, etc
• All of these environment variables are stored by PHP as arrays.
• Some of them can be address directly by using the variable name in
the index position. Other can only be accessed through their arrays.
Some of the Environment Variables
• $_SERVER
▪ Contains information about the server and the HTTP connection. Analogous
to the old $HTTP_SERVER_VARS array (which is still available, but
deprecated).
• $_COOKIE
▪ Contains any cookie data sent back to the server from the client. Indexed by
cookie name. Analogous to the old $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS array (which is still
available, but deprecated).
Some of the Environment Variables (cont...)
• $_GET
▪ Contains any information sent to the server as a search string as part of the URL.
Analogous to the old $HTTP_GET_VARS array (which is still available, but
deprecated).
• $_POST
▪ Contains any information sent to the server as a POST style posting from a client
form. Analogous to the old $HTTP_POST_VARS array (which is still available, but
deprecated).
• $_FILE
▪ Contains information about any uploaded files. Analogous to the old
$HTTP_POST_FILES array (which is still available, but deprecated).
• $_ENV
▪ Contains information about environmental variables on the server. Analogous to the
old $HTTP_ENV_VARS array (which is still available, but deprecated).
PHP Variable Scopes
• PHP has three different variable scopes:
▪ Local
▪ Global
▪ Static
Local Scope
• A variable declared within a PHP function is local and can only be accessed
within that function:
<?php
$x=5; // global scope
function myTest()
{
$x=6; // local scope
echo $x; // local scope
}
myTest();
?>
• Local variables are deleted as soon as the function is completed
Global Scope
• A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can only
be accessed outside a function:
• The global keyword is used to access a global variable from within a
function(use the global keyword before the variables (inside the function))
<?php
$x=5; // global scope
$y=10; // global scope
function myTest(){
global $x,$y;
$y=$x+$y;
}
myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15
?>
Global Scope (cont...)
• PHP also stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index].
• The index holds the name of the variable.
• This array is also accessible from within functions and can be used to update
global variables directly.
<?php
$x=5;
$y=10;
function myTest()
{
$GLOBALS['y']=$GLOBALS['x']+$GLOBALS['y'];
}
myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15
?>
Static scope
• When a function is completed/executed, all of its variables are normally
deleted. However, sometimes you want a local variable to not be deleted
for future use.
• To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the variable:
<?php
function myTest(){
static $x=0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
myTest(); // 0
myTest(); // 1
myTest(); // 2
?>
PHP Data Types
• Variables can store data of different types, and different data types
can do different things.
• PHP supports the following data types:
• String
• Integer
• Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
• Boolean
• Array
• Object
• NULL
• Resource
Fundamental Variable Types
• Numeric:
▪ Integer. Integers (±2 raised 31); values outside this range are converted to floating-
point.
▪ Float. Floating-point numbers.
• Boolean: true or false; PHP internally resolves these to 1 (one) and 0 (zero)
respectively.
• String: String of characters.
• Array: An array stores multiple values in one single variable.(an array of
values, possibly other arrays )
• Object: an object is a data type which stores data and information on how
to process that data. In PHP, an object must be explicitly declared.
Fundamental Variable Types (cont...)
• Resource:
• A handle to something that is not PHP data (e.g., image data, database query
result).
• Or in other words, Resource is to represent a PHP extension resource (e.g.
Database query, open file, database connection, etc). You will never directly
touch this type, it will be passed to the relevant functions that know how to
interact with the specified resource.
• Null :
• Data type with only one possible value: null. Marks variables as being empty.
Works with the isset() operator; will return ‘false’ for null. Example:
$var=NULL;
Fundamental Variable Types (cont...)
• PHP has a useful function named var_dump() that prints the current
type and value for one or more variables.
• Arrays and objects are printed recursively with their values indented
to show structure.
$a = 35; Output of the code
int(35)
$b = "Programming is fun!"; string(19) "Programming is
$c = array(1, 1, 2, 3); fun!"
var_dump($a,$b,$c); array(4) {
[0]=> int(1)
[1]=>int(1)
[2]=>int(2)
[3]=>int(3)
PHP Strings
• A string is a sequence of characters, like "Hello world!".
• A string can be any text inside quotes. You can use single or double
'I am a string in single quotes'
"I am a string in double quotes"
• The PHP parser determines strings by finding matching quote pairs.
So, all strings must start and finish with the same type of quote -
single or double.
• Only one type of quote mark is important when defining any string,
single (') or double (").
$string_1 = "This is a string in double quotes";
$string_0 = "" // a string with zero characters
PHP Strings (cont...)
• Singly quoted strings are treated almost literally, whereas doubly
quoted strings replace variables with their values as well as specially
interpreting certain character sequences.
• Strings that are delimited by double quotes (as in "this") are
preprocessed in both the following two ways by PHP:
• Certain character sequences beginning with backslash (\) are replaced
with special characters
• Variable names (starting with $) are replaced with string
representations of their values.
String Concatenation Operator
• To concatenate two string variables together, use the dot (.) operator:
Example
<?php
$txt1="Hello World!";
$txt2="What a nice day!";
echo $txt1 ." " .$txt2;
?>
Output
Hello World! What a nice day!
The strlen() Function
• The strlen() function is used to find the length of a string.
Example
<?php
echo strlen("Hello world!");
?>
Output
12
• The length of a string is often used in loops or other functions, when
it is important to know when the string ends.
The strpos() Function
• The strpos() function is used to search for a string or character within
a string. (first position in the string is 0, not 1.)
• If a match is found in the string, this function will return the position
of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.
• Example
<?php
echo strpos("Hello world!","world"); // output=6
?>
The str_word_count() Function
• The PHP str_word_count() function counts the number of words in a string:
Example
<?php
echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); //output =2
?>
Reverse a String
• The PHP strrev() function reverses a string:
Example
<?php
echo strrev("Hello world!"); //output=!dlrow olleH
?>
The str_replace() Function
• The PHP str_replace() function replaces some characters with some
other characters in a string.
<?php
echo str_replace("world", "PHP", "Hello world!");
?>
Output: Hello PHP!
• The example below replaces the text "world" with “PHP":
• The PHP string functions are part of the PHP core. No installation is
required to use these functions.
• Refer this page for full string functions
[Link]
PHP Constants
• A constant is an identifier (name) for a simple value. The value cannot be changed during the
script.
• A valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore (no $ sign before the constant name).
• Note: Unlike variables, constants are automatically global across the entire script.
• Syntax
define(name, value, case-insensitive)
// name: Specifies the name of the constant // value: Specifies the value of the constant
// case-insensitive: Specifies whether the constant name should be case-insensitive.
Default is false (case-insensitive depreciated in newer php versions)
Example:
<?php
// case-sensitive constant name
define("GREETING", "Welcome to Bahir Dar University!");
echo GREETING;
?>
PHP Operators
• Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
• PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
▪ Arithmetic operators
▪ Assignment operators
▪ Comparison operators
▪ Increment/Decrement operators
▪ Logical operators
▪ String operators
▪ Array operators
PHP Arithmetic Operators
Operator Name Example Result
+ Addition $x + $y Sum of $x and $y
- Subtraction $x - $y Difference of $x and $y
* Multiplication $x * $y Product of $x and $y
/ Division $x / $y Quotient of $x and $y
% Modulus $x % $y Remainder of $x divided by $y
** Exponentiation $x ** $y Result of raising $x to the $y'th
power (Introduced in PHP 5.6)
PHP Assignment Operators
Assignment Same as... Description
x=y x=y The left operand gets set to the value of
the expression on the right
x += y x=x+y Addition
x -= y x=x-y Subtraction
x *= y x=x*y Multiplication
x /= y x=x/y Division
x %= y x=x%y Modulus
PHP Comparison Operators
Operator Name Example Result
== Equal $x == $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y
=== Identical $x === $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the
same type
!= Not equal $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
<> Not equal $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
!== Not identical $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of
the same type
> Greater than $x > $y Returns true if $x is greater than $y
< Less than $x < $y Returns true if $x is less than $y
>= Greater than or equal to $x >= $y Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<= Less than or equal to $x <= $y Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y
PHP Increment / Decrement Operators
Operator Name Description
++$x Pre-increment Increments $x by one,
then returns $x
$x++ Post-increment Returns $x, then
increments $x by one
--$x Pre-decrement Decrements $x by one,
then returns $x
$x-- Post-decrement Returns $x, then
decrements $x by one
PHP Logical Operators
Operator Name Example Result
and And $x and $y True if both $x and $y are true
or Or $x or $y True if either $x or $y is true
xor Xor $x xor $y True if either $x or $y is true,
but not both
&& And $x && $y True if both $x and $y are true
|| Or $x || $y True if either $x or $y is true
! Not !$x True if $x is not true
PHP String Operators
Operator Name Example Result
. Concatenation $txt1 . $txt2 Concatenation of
$txt1 and $txt2
.= Concatenation $txt1 .= $txt2 Appends $txt2 to
assignment $txt1
PHP Array Operators
Operator Name Example Result
+ Union $x + $y Union of $x and $y
== Equality $x == $y Returns true if $x and $y have
the same key/value pairs
=== Identity $x === $y Returns true if $x and $y have
the same key/value pairs in
the same order and of the
same types
!= Inequality $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal
to $y
<> Inequality $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal
to $y
!== Non-identity $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not
identical to $y
PHP Conditional Statements
• Conditional statements are used to perform different actions based
on different conditions
• In PHP we have the following conditional statements:
• if statement - executes some code only if a specified condition is true
• if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true and
another code if the condition is false
• if...elseif....else statement - specifies a new condition to test, if the
first condition is false
• switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed
PHP - The if Statement
• The if statement is used to execute some code only if a specified condition is
true.
• Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
• Example
<?php
$t = date("H"); //24 hours format of an hour
if ($t < “15") {
echo "Have a good day!";
}
?>
PHP - The if...else Statement
• Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}
• Example
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
PHP - The if...elseif...else Statement
• Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}
Example:
<?php
$d=date("D"); // A textual representation of a day (three letters)
if($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
elseif($d=="Sun")
echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
PHP Switch Statement
Example:
<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!";
}
?>
PHP Looping Statements
PHP Looping - While Loops
<?php
$i=1;
while($i<=5)
{
echo "The number is " . $i . "<br />";
$i++;
}
?>
PHP Looping - For Loops
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
echo "The number is: $x <br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Looping - For Loops (cont...)
• The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each key/value pair in
an array
• Syntax
foreach ($array as $value) {
code to be executed;
}
• For every loop iteration, the value of the current array element is assigned to $value and the
array pointer is moved by one, until it reaches the last array element.
Example:
<?php
$x=array("one","two","three");
foreach($x as $value)
{
echo $value . "<br />";
}
?>
PHP Functions
• A function is a self-contained block of code that can be called by your
script.
• When called (or invoked), the function’s code is executed and performs a
particular task.
• In PHP, functions come in two flavors – those built in to the language(e.g
strtoupper()), and those that you define yourself.
• Naming conventions for functions are the same as for normal variables in
PHP.
• Note: variables names are case sensitive in PHP, function names are not!)
Example
<?php
function writeName(){
echo “sam abebe";
}
echo "My name is "; writeName();
?>
Adding parameters
<?php
function writeName($fname){
echo $fname. " abebe”.<br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeName(“sam");
echo "My sister's name is ";
writeName(“Helen");
?>
PHP Functions - Return values
<?php
function add($x,$y)
{
$total=$x+$y;
Return $total;
}
echo "1 + 16 = " . add(1,16);
?>
PHP Arrays
• An array is a data structure that stores one or more similar type of
values in a single value.
• In PHP, there are three types of arrays:
▪ Numeric array - An array with a numeric index. Values are
stored and accessed in linear fashion
▪ Associative array - An array with strings as index. This stores
element values in association with key values rather than in a
strict linear index order.
▪ Multidimensional arrays- Arrays containing one or more arrays
Numeric Array
• A numeric array stores each array element with a numeric index.
Example
<html><body>
<?php
$numbers = array( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach( $numbers as $value )
{
echo "Value is $value <br/>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Associative array
• Associative array will have their index as string so that you can
establish a strong association between key and values.
• To store the salaries of employees in an array, a numerically indexed
array would not be the best choice.
• Instead, we could use the employees names as the keys in our
associative array, and the value would be their respective salary.
<?php
$salary= array(“abel"=>3200, “Sam"=>3000, “bet"=>3400);
echo "Salary of Abel is ". $salary[‘abel'] . "<br />";
echo "Salary of bet is ". $salary[‘bet'] . "<br />";
echo "Salary of sam is ". $salary[‘sam'] . "<br />";
?>
Multidimensional array
• In a multidimensional array, each element in the main array can also
be an array. And each element in the sub-array can be an array, and
so on.
• Values in the multi-dimensional array are accessed using multiple
index.
$families = array(
"Griffin"=>array ("Peter","Lois","Megan"),
"Quagmire"=>array ("Glenn"),
"Brown"=>array("Cleveland","Loretta","Junior")
);
echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] . " a part of the Griffin family?";
<html>
Example
<body>
/*Accessing multi-dimensional array values */
<?php
$marks = array( echo "Marks for abel in physics : " ;
"abel" => array( echo $marks['abel']['physics'] . "<br />";
"physics" => 35,
echo "Marks for sam in maths : ";
"maths" => 30,
echo $marks['sam']['maths'] . "<br />";
"chemistry" => 39 ),
echo "Marks for sam in chemistry : " ;
"sam" => array(
echo $marks['sam']['chemistry'] . "<br />";
"physics" => 30,
"maths" => 32, ?>
"chemistry" => 29 ), </body>
</html>
"beti" => array(
"physics" => 31,
"maths" => 22,
"chemistry" => 39) );
74
Mixing array types
We can even mix the two if we'd like
▪ PHP arrays are a cross between numbered arrays and associative arrays.
In the example below, three literal arrays are declared as follows:
1. A numerically indexed array with indices running from 0 to 4.
2. An associative array with string indices.
3. A numerically indexed array, with indices running from 5 to 7.
<?php
$array1 = array(2, 3, 5, 7, 11);
$array2 = array("one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3);
$array3 = array(5 => "five", "six", "seven");
Print ($array1[3], $array2["one"], $array3[6]);
?>
Get The Length of an Array
<?php
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
echo count($cars);
?>
Loop Through an Indexed Array
<?php
$cars=array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
$arrlength=count($cars);
for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++){
echo $cars[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>
Example
<?php
$numbers=array(4,6,2,22,11);
sort($numbers);
$arrlength=count($numbers);
for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++){
echo $numbers[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>
Loop Through an Associative Array
<?php
$age=array("Peter"=>"35","Ben"=>"37","Joe"=>"43");
foreach($age as $x=>$x_value){
echo "Key=" . $x. ", Value=" . $x_value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>
PHP - Sort Functions For Arrays
• sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
• rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
• asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
• ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
• arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
• krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key
END