Function



SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)} be a relation on the set A {3, 6, 9, 12}.
The relation is –
(A) An equivalence relation (B) Reflexive and symmetric only
(C) Reflexive and transitive only (D) Reflexive only
Ans. (C)
Sol. (6, 12)  R but (12, 6)  R  is not symmetric.

2. Given the relation R = {(2, 3), (3, 4)} on the set {2, 3, 4}. The number of minimum number of ordered
pairs to be added to R so that R is reflexive and symmetric -
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 6
Ans. (B)
Sol. R = {(2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 4)}

1
3. The range of the function f(x)  , is -
4  3 cos x
 1   1   1 
(A)  ,1  (B)  ,1  (C)  ,1  (D) None of these
 7   7   7 
Ans. (A)
1
Sol. f  x 
4  3 cos x
Domain  R and Rang of cos x is [–1, 1]
 Put the values of cos x [–1, 1] is f(x), we get
1
&1
7
 1 
 Rf   , 1
 7 

1
4. The domain of the function f(x)   x  2 , is -
log10 (1  x)
(A) [– 2, 0)  (0, 1) (B) (–2, 0) (0, 1] (C) (– 2, 0) (0, 2] (D) (– 2, 0) [0, 1]
Ans. (A)
Sol. x + 2  0
 x  –2
log10 (1 – x)  0 and 1 – x > 0.
– x > –1
 x<1
Df  [–2, 0)  (0, 1)

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1 | x|
5. The domain of f(x)  , is -
2 | x|
(A) () – [–2, 2] (B) (–) – [–1, 1]
(C) (–, –2) [– 1, 1]  (2,  (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. 1 – |x|  0
 –1  x  1
2 – |x| > 0
and if |x| > 2, then negative of numerator and denominator will cancel out and the term under the
root will be positive.
(–, –2) & (2, )
 Df  [–1, 1]  (–, –2)  (2, )

x –x
6. The range of the function f (x) = e e , is -
(A) [0, ) (B) (–) (C) (– ) (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
x –x
Sol. f(x) = e – e
1
y  ex 
ex
x 2x
ye = e –1
2x x
e –y.e –1=0
y  y2  4
 ex  ,
2
y  y2  4
But ex  is only exist for all values of 'y'.
2
2
So, domain of this function (y + 4  0) is (–, )
i.e. Rf  (–, )

7. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function of x. Then in the interval [0, 3] the number of solutions of the
equation, x2  3x + [x] = 0 is :
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 0
Ans. (C)
Sol. x2 – 3x  integer and x  [0, 3]

8. If(x) = {x} + {x + 1} + {x + 2}........{x + 99}, then the value of  f  2   is, (where {.} denotes
 
fractional part function & [.] denotes the greatest integer function)
(A) 5050 (B) 4950 (C) 41 (D) 14
Ans. (C)
Sol. f(x) = {x} + {x + 1} + {x + 2} + ........ + {x + 99}
= n × {x}
f  2   100 1.414  41.4....
  f 2   41
 

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9. Which of the following function(s) is identical to g(x) = x  2
2
x2 x2  x  2
(A) f  x   x  4x  4
2
(B) f(x) = x  2 (C) f  x   (D) f  x  
x2 x 1
Ans. (A)
Sol. g(x) = |x – 2|
Df  R, Rf  [0, )
Check optio (A)
f  x   x 2  4x  4   x  2 2
Df  R, Rf  [0, )
 g(x) is identical to f(x) of option 'A'
Check option (B), (C) & (D), which does not have either Rf is not same or the Df is not same.

10. 
Function f  x   log e x 3  1  x 6  is-
(A) even (B) odd (C) neither even nor odd (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol. 
f  x   log e x 3  1  x 6 

f   x   log e  x 3  1  x 6 
f(x)  f(–x), Hence not even function.
but f(–x) = –f(x)
 f(x) is odd function.

+
11. If S be the set of all triangles and f : S R , f() = Area of , then f is-
(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into (C) many-one onto (D) many-one into
Ans. (C)
Sol. As 'S' is the set of all triangles and area of different triangles could be same. So it is many-one and as its
range is co-domain therefore it is onto as well.
x 2  3x  4
12. Let f: R  R be a function defined by f  x   then f is -
x 2  3x  4
(A) one – one but not onto (B) onto but not one – one
(C) onto as well as one – one (D) neither onto nor one – one
Ans. (D)
Sol. Range of numerator & denominator is not real i.e. it is neither onto nor one-one.

13. The values of the parameter , for which the function f(x) = 1 + x,  0 is the inverse of itself, is-
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) 0
Ans. (C)
–1
Sol. f(x) = f (x)
y = 1 + x
y 1
x

x 1
 1  x


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2
x–1=+ x
2
 x–x++1=0
2
x( – 1) + ( + 1) = 0
[( – 1)x + 1] ( + 1) = 0
 =–1

14. If f(x) = [x] and g(x) = cos(x), then the range of gof is-
(A) {0} (B) {–1, 1} (C) {–1, 0, 1} (D) [–1, 1]
Ans. (B)
Sol. (gof) = cos [x]
Rf  {–1, 1}

15. If 0(x) = x/(x + 1) and n+1 = 0 o n for n = 0, 1, 2,......, then n(x) is -

x nx x
(A) (B) f0(x) (C) (D)
(n  1)x  1 nx  1 nx  1
Ans. (A)
Sol. f1 = f0 o f0
 x  / x  1
 
 x /  x  1  1
x x
 similary fn  x  
2x  1  n  1 x  1
 x  x
16. The fundamental period of the function f  x   sin    cos   is-
 3  2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 12
Ans. (D)
x 2
Sol. sin  Period  6
3 1 / 3
 x 2
cos    Period  4
 2 1 / 2
 LCM of 6 & 4 = 12.

17. Let f(x)  sin [a] x (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function). If f is periodic with fundamental period
, then a belongs to -
(A) [2, 3) (B) {4, 5} (C) [4, 5] (D) [4, 5)
Ans. (D)
Sol. f  x   sin a x
f    x   sin a    x  f  x
 a  2
 4a<5

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x(x – 1) –1
18. If the function f : [1, )  [1, ) is defined by f(x) = 2 , then f (x) is -
x ( x 1)
1
(A)  
2
(B)
1
2
1  1  4 log 2 x  (C)
1
2
1  1  4 log 2 x  (D) Not defined

Ans. (B)
x . (x – 1)
Sol. y = 2
log y = x . (x – 1) . log 2
log y
 x2  x
log 2
2
log2 y = x – x
2
x – x – log2 y = 0
1  1  4 log 2 y
x
2
 Domain is [1, ) so
1  1  [Link] 2 x
f 1  x  
2

4x  1   2   1996 
19. Let f(x)  . Then value of f   f    f  is :
x
4 2  1997   1997   1997 
(A) 898 (B) 998 (C) 991 (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1
 1   1996   2   1995 
f f f f  .....  1
 1997   1997   1997   1997 

20. Set A has 3 elements and set B has 4 elements. The number of injective mappings that can be defined from
A to B is-
(A) 144 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 64
Ans. (C)
Sol.

b1
a1
b2
a2
b3
a3
b4

4 4!
P3   4!  24
 4  3 !

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21. The graph of the function y = f(x) is as shown in the figure. Then which of the following could represent
the graph of the function y = |f(x)| ?
(–2, 1) (2, 1)

(–1, 0) (1, 0)

(0, –1)
y
y
1 1

(A) –2 0 1 2 x (B) –2 0 1 2
y
y
1 1

(C) –2 –1 0 x (D)
1 2 –2 0 1 2 x

Ans. (C)
Sol.

(–2,1) (2,1)

(–1,0) (1,0)
(0,–1)

Water image along 'X'-axis

(–2,1) (0,1) (2,1)

(–1,0) (1,0)

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SECTION - 1 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. The function cot(sinx) -


(A) is not defined for x  (4n  1) (B) is not defined for x = n
2
(C) lies between –cot 1 and cot 1 (D) can't lie between –cot 1 and cot 1
Ans. (BD)
Sol. y = cot(sin x)

cot 1
–1
– 1 
— —
2 –cot 1 2

t = sin x [–1, 1]
y = cot t t  [–1, 1] – {0}
Range (–, –cot 1]  [cot 1, )

  4  x2 
2. The range of the function f  x   sin  log    contains :
  1  x  

(A) [–1, 1] (B) (–1, 1) (C) [–1, 1) (D) cannot be determined

Ans. (ABC)

  4  x2 
Sol. f(x) = sin  log  
  1  x  
Domain [–2, 1)

4  x2
0    x   2, 1
1 x
 4  x2 
  log  
 1  x 

  4  x2  
 sin  log     [1,1]
  1  x  

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1   1  x 
3. Given the function f(x) such that 2f(x)  xf    2f  2 sin   x     4 cos 2  x cos , then which
 x   4  2 x
one of the following is correct ?
 1
(A) f  2  f    1
 2
 1
(B) f(1) = –1, but the values of f(2), f   cannot be determined
 2
 1
(C) f(2) + f(1) = f  
 2
(D) f(2) + f(1) = 0
Ans. (ACD)
1   1  x 
Sol. 2f(x)  xf    2f  2 sin   x     4 cos 2  x cos
 x   4  2 x
at x=2
 1  
2f  2  2.f    2f  2 sin   4
 2  4
 1
2f  2  2f    2f  1   4
 2
 1
f  2  f    f  1   2
 2
 1
f  2  f    f 1  2
 2
 f(1) = – 1 [Puting x = 1, we get f(1) = –1]
 1
 f  2  f    1
 2
1
at x 
2
 1 1  3  1
2.f    f  2  2f  2 sin    4 cos 2 
 2 2  4 4 2
 1 1 1 1
2f    f  2  2f 1  4 
 2 2 2 2
 1 1 1
2f    f  2  2  2 
 2 2 2
 1 1 1
2f    f  2  ... (1)
 2 2 2
1  1 1
f  2  2f   
2  2 2
 1
2f  2  2f    1  2
 2
3 3
f  2 
2 2
f(2) = 1
 1
f   0
 2

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4. Which of the following is even function ?
2 x x 2
(A) sinx (B) (a + 1)/(a – 1) (C) x – |x| (D) None of these
Ans. (AC)
2
Sol. f(x) = sin (x )
2
f(–x) = sin (–x)
2
= sin (x)
= f(x) hence it is even function.
ax  1
f  x  x
a 1
ax  1 1  a x  1  ax 
f  x    x    x
a 1 1 a x
 a  1 
= –f(x)
 There it is odd function.

5. If f : (e, )  R & f(x) = n [n(n x)], then f is :

(A) one-one (B) many one (C) onto (D) into
Ans. (AC)
Sol. If f'(x) is either strictly increasing or decreasing then function is one-one else many one and if co-domain is
R, then function is onto.

6 5 3
6. f : R R & f(x) = x – 3x + 8x + 5. Then f(x) is -
(A) injective (B) not injective (C) surjective (D) not surjective
Ans. (BD)
Sol. f(x) = x6 – 3x5 + 8x3 + 5
f(x) is even degree polynomial.
So, f(x) is many one & into.

7. Which of the following functions are periodic -

x 
(A) sinx + cosx (B) cos x    (C) cosx + {2x} (D) ln{x} + sin2x
 
({x} denotes the fractional part of x)
Ans. (ABC)
 
Sol. (A) Periodic at f   x  f  x 
2 
(B) Periodic at f(2 + x) = f(x)
(C) Periodic at f(2 + x) = f(x)

8. f(x) and g(x) are two functions defined for all real values of x. f(x) is an even function and g(x) is periodic
function, then -
(A) f [g(x)] is a periodic function (B) g [f(x)] is a periodic function
(C) f [g(x)] is an even function (D) g [f(x)] is an even function
Ans. (AD)
Sol. (A) If g(x) is periodic then f[g(x)] is also a periodic function.
(D) If f(x) is even then g[f(x)] is also an even function.

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9. Which of the following function(s) is/are periodic ?
 1
(A) f(x) = 3x – [3x] (B) g  x   sin   , x  0 & g(0) = 0
 x
(C) h(x) = x cosx (D) w(x) = sin(sin(sinx))
Ans. (AD)
1
Sol. (A) period is
3

(D) period is
2

 x
10. The period of the function f  x   sin  cos   cos  sin x  equal -
 2

(A) 8 (B) 4 (C)  (D) 
2
Ans. (AB)
Sol. f(4 – x) = f(8 – x) = f(x)

SECTION - 2 : COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS

(SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTION)
Comprehension –1

Let f : R  R is a function satisfying f(2 – x) = f(2 + x) and f(20 – x) = f(x), x R.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions

11. If f(0) = 5, then minimum possible number of values of x satisfying f(x) = 5, for x [0, 170] is-
(A) 21 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 22
Ans. (C)

12. Graph of y = f(x) is -

(A) symmetrical about x = 18 (B) symmetrical about x = 5
(C) symmetrical about x = 8 D) symmetrical about x = 20
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(2 – x) = f(2 + x)
Replace x by 2 – x,  f(x) = f(4 – x) …. (1)
Also given f(20 – x) = f(x) …. (2)
From (1) and (2), f(4 – x) = f(20 – x) …. (3)
Replace x by 4 – x,  f(x) = f(x + 16)
Hence, the period of f(x) is 16.
(11) f(0) = f(4) = f(16) = f(20) ............
so, no. solution is 22.
(12) Function is symmetric about x = 2
& periodic with period 16.
So, f(x) is symmetric about x = 18 also.

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Paragraph-2 for question nos. 13 to 15

Let f (x) = | x + 1 | – | x – 4 | , x  R.

13. If range of f (x) is [a, b]

(A) (– 5, 5] (B) [– 5, 5] (C) [– 5, 5) (D) none of these
Ans. (B)

14. If the equation f (x) = b has atleast one real solution then the number of integral values in the range of
b, is
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) none of these
Ans. (C)

15. If the equation f(|x|) = b has exactly two real solutions then the number of integral values in the range of
b, is
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) none of these
Ans. (A)
5 if x  [4, )
Sol. f(x) =  2x  3 if x  [1,4]
 5 if x  (, 1]
Range of f (x) is [–5, 5]
y
5

2x–3

x
–1 4

–5

 for atleast one solution b  [–5, 5]

 Number of integers are 11 Ans.

E 11
JEE-Mathematics


SECTION - 1 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

3 2 6
1. If f (x) – 3f (x) + 3f(x) – 1 = x , then find the value of f(0).
Ans. 1
3 2 6
Sol. f (x) – 3f (x) + 3f(x) – 1 = x
3 6
(f(x) – 1) = x
2
f(x) – 1 = x
2
f(x) = x + 1

2. If f(x) is a function that is odd and even simultaneously, then f (3) – f (2) is equal to :
Ans. (0)
Sol. f(x) = 0

3. Let f be a function such that f(3) = 1 and f(3x) = x + f(3x – 3) for all x. Then find the value of f(300).
Ans. 5050
Sol. f(3) = 1
f(3x) – f(3x–3) = x
x=2 f(6) – f(3) = 2
x=3 f(9) – f(6) = 3
:
x = 100 f(300) – f(297) = 100
f(300) – f(3) = 2 + 3 + 4 ...... + 100
100  101
f  300   5050
2

9x   1   2   3   2007  
4. Let f  x   then find the value of the sum 2  f    f  2008   f  2008   .......f  2008  
9 3
x   2008
Ans. 2007
9x
Sol. f(x) 
9x  3
91 x 3
f(1  x)  
91 x  3 3  9x
9x 3
So, f(x) + f(1 – x)  x  1
9  3 9x  3
 1   2   3   2007 
S  f  f  f  .....  f 
 2008   2008   2008   2008 
 2007   2006   2005   1 
S  f  f  f  .....  f 
 2008   2008   2008   2008 
2S = (1 + 1 + 1 .................................+ 1)
2007
S
2

12 E
 Function

1  3  2 –1
5. A function f :  ,    ,  defined as, f(x) = x –x + 1. Then solve the equation f(x) = f (x).
2  4 
Ans. (1)
1 3 1
f 1  x  
-1
Sol.  x– and y = f(x), y = f (x) will intersect in line y = x for x 
2 4 2
–1
 f(x) =f (x)
 f(x) = x  x = 1

6. Suppose p(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The remainder when p(x) is divided by x – 1 is 1
and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x – 4 is 10. If r(x) is the remainder when p(x) is divided by
(x –1)(x – 4), find the value of r(2006).
Ans. 6016
Sol. P(x) = Q1(x) (x – 1) + r(1)
P(x) = Q2(x) (x – 4) + r(4) where 1(x) & 2(x) are quotient.
P(x) = Q3(x) (x – 1) (x – 4) + r(x)
R(x) = ax + b
P(1) = r(1) = a + b = 1
P(4) = r(4) = 4a + 6 = 10
a=3
b = –2
r(x) = 3x – 2
r(2006) = 6018 – 2 = 6016

7. Let f(x) = (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) + 5 where x  [–6, 6]. If the range of the function is [a, b] where
a, b  N then find the value of (a + b).
Ans. 5049
Sol. f(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 4) + 5  x  [–6, 6]
2 2
f(x) = (x + 5x + 4) (x + 5x + 6) + 5
2
x + 5x =t
f(x) = (t + 4) (t + 6) + 5
2
= t + 10t + 24 + 5
2
= (t + 5) + 4
2 2
= (x + 5x + 5) + 4
2
Desc. of x + 5x + 5 is positive
(f(x))min = 4 = b
Man. value of f(x) is achieved at x = 6
f(6) = 7 × 8 × 9 × 10 + 5
a = 5045
[a, b] = 5045 + 4 = 5049

E 13
JEE-Mathematics

3  4 
8. The set of real values of ‘x’ satisfying the equality       5 (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer
x  x 
 b  b
function) belongs to the interval  a,  where a, b, c  N and is in its lowest form. Find the value of
 c c
a + b + c + abc.
Ans. 20
Sol. x  1 and x  3 rejected
3 4 
 x  = 1   x  = 4 
3 4
  1 <24 <5
x x
3 4
 < x  3  < x 1 (Not possible)
2 5
3 4 
 x  = 2   x  = 3
3 4
 2 <33 <4
x x
3 1 3 1
  < 1   
2 x 4 x
3 4
  1<x 1<x
2 3
 4 
 x   1, 
 3
a = 1, b = 4, c = 3
 a + b + c + abc = 20

SECTION - 2 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS

Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements
in Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s.
Any given statement in Column-I can have correct matching with ONE OR MORE statement(s) in
Column-II.
9. Match the following column :
Column – I Column – II
 1 x 
(A) y  n is (p) odd
 1  x 

(B) y  sin x n  x 2  1  x  (q) even

 
(C) y = sgn (sin 5 x) is (r) constant function
(D) y = sin x + cos x is (s) neither even nor odd
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (p), (D)  (s)
1 x
Sol. y  ln   f  x
 1  x 

1 x
(A) f  x   ln   f  x 
 1  x 
f(x) & odd function

14 E
 Function

(B) y  ln  x 2  1  x  sin x
 

ln  
x 2  1  x is odd function

sin x is odd function

 f(x) even function.

10. Match the following Column-I with Column-II

Column - I Column - II
y

2
(A) If f(x) = x – 4x + 3, then graph of f(|x|) is (p) o x
1

1 1
(B) If g(x) = , then it's graph is (q)
ln x
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 x

2
(C) If f(x) = x – 4x + 3, then graph of |f(x)| is (r)
–3 –1 1 3 x

1
(D) If f(x) = , then its graph is (s)
 x
1 3 x

Ans. (A)–r, (B)–p, (C)–r, (D)–q

Sol. (A)
2
f(x)=x –4x+3
f(|x|)
(0, 3)
(0, 3)


x
–3 –1 1 3
1 3

E 15
JEE-Mathematics

1
(B) g(x) =
n(x)
when 0 < x < 1, g(x) < 0
and x > 1, g(x) > 0
2
(C) f(x) = x – 4x + 3 = (x –1) (x – 3)
for (1, 3) f(x) < 0
so, |f(x)| in (1, 3) must be positive
1
(D) k(x) =
{x}
so, Dk = R–I and Rk = (1, )

11. Match the column

Column - I Column - II
2
Total number of solution x – 4 – [x] = 0 where [ ] denotes
(A) (p) 0
greatest integer function.

(B) x  cos2 x  x  [x] (q) 1

4
Minimum period of e cos
1
If A = {(x, y); y = , x  R0} and B={(x, y) : y=x, x R}
(C) x (r) 2
then number of elements in A B is (are)

(D) Number of integers in the domain of 2 x  3 x + log3log1/2x (s) 3

Ans. (A)–r, (B)–q, (C)–r, (D)–p

Sol. (A)
The best method to solve such a system is a graphical one.
2
The given equation is x – 4 = [x].
2
Then the solution of the equation are values of x where the graphs of y = x – 4 and y = [x] intersect.
From the graph it is seen that the graph intersects when
2 2
X – 4 = 2 and x – 4 = – 2
2 2
 x = 6 or x = 2
 x = 6 or  2
4 2
(B) f(x) = ecos x  x [x]cos x
2 4
cos x and cos x has period 1
x – [x] = {x} has period 1
Then the period of f(x) is 1.
1
(C) x
x
2
 x = 1  x = ±1
so number of elements in A  B are 2
x x
(D) 2 –3 0
2x
 1  x0
3x
 for log3 log1/2 x to be defined log1/2 x > 0
 x  (0, 1)

16 E
 Function


SECTION - 1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

2 2
1. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y  N and x – 4xy + 3y = 0}, where N is the set of all natural numbers. Then the
relation R is : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE - 2013]
(1) reflexive and transitive. (2) symmetric and transitive
(3) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive (4) reflexive and symmetric.
Ans. (3)
2 2
Sol. x – 4xy + 3y = 0
(x – y) (x – 3y) = 0
x = y or x = 3y
so (x, x) will come in relation so reflexive but not symmetric and transitive.

x 
2. The function f : N  N defined by f(x)  x  5   , where N is the set of natural numbers and [x] denotes
5
the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2017]
(1) onto but not one-one (2) one-one and onto
(3) neither one-one nor onto (4) one-one but not onto
Ans. (3)
x  x 
Sol. f(x) = x  5    5  
5  5 
many one
Range can not be all natural numbers so into neither one-one nor onto

2x
3. Let A={x R : x is not a positive integer} Define a function f : AR as f(x)  then f is :
x 1
[JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
(1) injective but not surjective (2) not injective
(3) surjective but not injective (4) neither injective nor surjective
Ans. (1)
 1  2
Sol. ƒ  x   2  1  ; ƒ'  x   
 x  1  x  1 2
 ƒ is one-one but not onto

  x  2 x 2  5x  6 
4. Let Z be the set of integers. If A  x  Z: 2  1 and B   x  Z: 3  2x  1  9 , then the
 
number of subsets of the set A × B, is : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
(1) 218 (2) 210 (3) 215 (4) 212
Ans (3)
  x  2 x 2  5x  6 
Sol. A  x  Z: 2  1
 
2
2(x  2)(x –5x 6) = 20  x = –2, 2, 3
A = {–2, 2, 3}
B = {x  Z : –3 < 2x – 1 < 9}
B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
A × B has is 15 elements so number of subsets of A × B is 2 15.

E 17
JEE-Mathematics

1 x  2x 
5. If ƒ(x)  log e   ,|x | 1 , then ƒ  is equal to : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
1 x  1  x 2 
2 2
(1) 2ƒ(x) (2) 2ƒ(x ) (3) (ƒ(x)) (4) –2ƒ(x)
Ans. (1)
 2x 
1
 2x   1 x2   1 x 
Sol. f 2
 n   2 n  2f(x)
 1 x   1  2x   1  x 
 1  x 2 

x2
6. If the function ƒ : R – {1, –1}  A defined by ƒ(x)  , is surjective, then A is equal to
1  x2
[JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
(1) R – [–1, 0) (2) R – (–1, 0) (3) R – {–1} (4) [0, )
Ans. (1)
Sol. f : R   1 
A

x2 x2  1  1 1
f(x)  2
 2
 1 
1 x 1 x 1  x2
x  0,   1
2

x 2  1  1,   0
1  x 2   ,1  0
1  x 2   ,0   0,1
1
  ,0  1, 
1  x2
1
1    ,0   0, 
1  x2
Range = A = R   1,0

1
7. The domain of the definition of the function f(x)   log10 (x 3  x) is : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
4  x2
(1) (1, 2)  (2, ) (2) (–1, 0) (1, 2)(3, )
(3) (–1, 0) (1, 2) (2, ) (4) (–2, –1) (–1, 0) (2, )
Ans. (3)

Sol. f(x) 
4x
1
2 
 log10 x 3  x 
2 3
4 – x  0, x – x  0
2
x  ±2
2
x(x – 1) > 0
x(x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
– + – +
–1 0 1
 1,0  (1, 2)  (2, )

18 E
 Function

1+x 1–x x –x
8. Let ƒ : R  R be such that for all x  R (2 +2 ), ƒ(x) and (3 + 3 ) are in A.P., then the minimum
value of ƒ(x) is [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2020]
(1) 0 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 4
Ans. (2)

Sol. ƒ  x 
  
2 2x  2 x  3x  3 x  3
2
(A.M > G.M)

2 2 –1
9. If R = {(x, y) : x, y Z, x + 3y  8} is a relation on the set of integers Z, then the domain of R is :
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
(1) {–2, –1, 1, 2} (2) {–1, 0, 1} (3) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (4) {0, 1}
Official Ans. by NTA (2)
2 2 8
Sol. R = {(x, y) : x, y z, x + 3y  8} 3
–1
For domain of R –8
Collection of all integral of y's 8
2
For x = 0, 3y 8
 y{–1, 0, 1}
–8
3
(n 1)
10. Let f : R  R be a function which satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)  x, y R. If f(1) = 2 and g(n)   f(k), n 
k 1

then the value of n, for which g(n) = 20, is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
(1) 5 (2) 9 (3) 20 (4) 4
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
 f(n) = nf(1)
f(n) = 2n
n 1
 (n  1)n 
g(n) =  2n  2  = n(n – 1)
k 1  2 
g(n) = 20  n(n – 1) = 20
n=5

11. Let f, g : N  N such that f(n + 1) = f(n) + f(1)  n  N and g be any arbitrary function. Which of the
following statements is NOT true? [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
(1) If fog is one-one, then g is one-one (2) If f is onto, then f(n) = n  nN
(3) f is one-one (4) If g is onto, then fog is one-one
Official Ans. by NTA (4)
Sol. f(n + 1) – f(n) = f(1)
 f(n) = nf (1)
 f is one-one
Now, Let f (g(x2)) = f(g(x1))
 g(x2) = g(x1) (as f is one-one)
 x1 = x2 (as fog is one-one)
 g is one-one
Now, f(g(n)) = g(n) f(1)
may be many-one if
g(n) is many-one

E 19
JEE-Mathematics

k  1 if k is odd
12. Let A = {1, 2, 3, …..., 10} and ƒ : A  A be defined as f(k)   . Then the number of
 k if k is even
possible functions g : A A such that gof = f is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
5 10 5
(1) 10 (2) C5 (3) 5 (4) 5!
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
x  1, if x is odd
Sol. f  x  
 x, if x is even

 g : A  A such that g(ƒ(x)) = ƒ(x)

 If x is even then g(x) = x ... (1)
If x is odd then g(x + 1) = x + 1 ... (2)
from (1) and (2) we can say that
g(x) = x if x is even
 If x is odd then g(x) can take any value in set A
5
so number of g(x) = 10 × 1

cos ec 1 x
13. The real valued function f  x   , where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is
x  x
defined for all x belonging to : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
(1) all reals except integers (2) all non-integers except the interval [–1,1]
(3) all integers except 0,–1,1 (4) all reals except the Interval [–1,1]
Official Ans. by NTA (2)
cos ec 1 x
Sol. f  x 
 x
Domain   , 1  1, 
{x}  0 so x  integers
 x 2  5x  6 
cos 1  
 x2  9 
14. The domain of the function f(x)  is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]
log e (x 2  3x  2)
(1) (,1)  (2, ) (2) (2, )
 1   1   3  5 3  5 
(3)   ,1  (2, ) (4)   ,1  (2, )   , 
 2   2   2 2 
Official Ans. by NTA (DROP)
Allen Ans. (4)

x 2  5x  6
Sol. 1  1
x2  9
x 2  5x  6
1  0
x2  9
1
0
x3
x  (3, ) ……(1)
2
x  5x  6
1  0
x2  9

20 E
 Function

2x  1
0
x3
 1 
x  (, 3)   ,  ……(2)
 2 
after taking intersection
 1 
x    , 
 2 
x 2  3x  2  0
x (,1)  (2, )
x 2  3x  2  1
3 5
x
2
after taking intersection of each solution
 1   3  5 3  5 
  2 ,1  (2, )   2 , 2 
  

15. Let P(S) denote the power set of S = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10}. Define the relations R 1 and R2 on P(S) as AR1B if
(A  Bc)  (B  Ac) =  and AR2B if A  Bc = B  Ac,  A, B  P(S). Then :
(1) both R1 and R2 are equivalence relations
(2) only R1 is an equivalence relation
(3) only R2 is an equivalence relation
(4) both R1 and R2 are not equivalence relations
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Allen Ans. (1)
Sol. S = {1, 2, 3, ……10}
P(S) = power set of S
AR, B  (A  B)  (A  B)  
R1 is reflexive, symmetric
For transitive
(A  B)  (A  B)   ; {a} =  = {b} A = B
(B  C)  (B  C)    B = C
 A = C equivalence.
A B
a c b
d
R2  A  B  A  B
R2  Reflexive, symmetric
for transitive
A B
a c b
d
A  B  A  B  {a, c, d} = {b, c, d}
{a} = {b}  A = B
BC  BC  B = C
 A=C  A  C  A  C  Equivalence

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JEE-Mathematics

16. Let f :  be a function defined by f(x) = log m  
2(sin x  cos x)  m  2 , for some m, such that the
range of f is [0, 2]. Then the value of m is _______
(1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 4
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Allen Ans. (1)
Sol. Since,
 2  sin x  cos x  2
 2  2  sinx  cos x  2
(Assume 2  sinx  cos x  k )
–2  k  2 …(i)
f(x) = log m
 k  m  2
Given,
0  f(x)  2
0  log m  k  m  2  2
1  k + m –2  m
–m + 3  k  2 …(ii)
From eq. (i) & (ii), we get –m + 3 = –2
 m=5

 2 x 
  log e  3  x   is [, )   y , then      is
1
17. If the domain of the function f  x   cos 1  
 4 
equal to : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) 12 (2) 9 (3) 11 (4) 8
Ans. (3)
2 x
Sol. 1  1
4
2 x
 1
4
–4  2 – |x|  4
–6  – |x|  2
–2  |x|  6
|x|  6
 x  [–6, 6] …(1)
Now, 3 – x  1
And x  2 …(2)
and 3 – x > 0
x<3 …(3)
From (1), (2) and (3)
 x  [–6, 3) – {2}
=6
=3
=2
 +  +  = 11

22 E
 Function

4x  3 2  2  2
18. If f  x   , x  and (fof) (x) = g(x), where g :      , then (gogog) (4) is equal to
6x  4 3 3 3
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
19 19
(1)  (2) (3) – 4 (4) 4
20 20
Ans. (4)
4x  3
Sol. f  x  
6x  4
 4x  3 
4 3
 6x  4  34x
g  x   x
 4x  3  34
6  4
 6x  4 

 
g  x  x  g g g  4  4

1
19. Let f(x)  be a function defined on R. Then the range of the function f(x) is equal to:
7  sin 5x
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(1)  ,  (2)  ,  (3)  ,  (4)  , 
8 5 7 6  7 5  8 6
Ans. (4)
Sol. sin5x  [–1, 1]
–sin5x  [–1, 1]
7 – sin5x  [6, 8]
1 1 1
 ,
7 – sin 5x  8 6 

20. Let [t] be the GREATEST integer less than or equal to t. Let A be the set of all prime factors of 2310 and
   x 3  
f : A  be the function f(x) = log 2  x 2     . The number of one-to-one functions from A to the
   5  
range of f is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) 20 (2) 120 (3) 25 (4) 24
Ans. (2)
Sol. N = 2310 = 231 × 10 = 3 × 11 × 7 × 2 × 5
A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
   x 3  
f(x) =  log 2  x 2    
   5  
f(2) = [log2 (5)] = 2
f(3) = [log2 (14)] = 3
f(5) = [log2 (25 + 25)] = 5
f(7) = [log2 (117)] = 6
f (11) = [log2 387] = 8
Range of f : B = {2, 3, 5, 6, 8}
No. of one-one functions = 5! = 120

E 23
JEE-Mathematics

21. Let A = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11} and B = {2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12}. Then the total number of one-one maps f : A  B, such
that f (1) + f(3) = 14, is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
(1) 180 (2) 120 (3) 480 (4) 240
Ans. (4)
Sol. A = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
(5) (7)
1 2
B = {2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12}
3 12 4
f(1) + f(3) = 14 5
7
(i) 2 + 12 7
9
(ii) 4 + 10 10 8
11
2 × (2 × 5 × 4 × 3) = 240

SECTION - 2 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

1
  x 25   50
1. Let f : R  R be a function defined by f(x)   2  1 
  2 
2  x 25
 
 . If the function g(x) = f(f(f(x))) + f(f(x)),

then the greatest integer less than or equal to g (1) is ______ [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]
1
  x 25   50
Sol. f  x  2 1 
2
 25
 2 x  
   
1

 
f  x    2  x 25 2  x 25  50
  
= (4 – x50)1/50
1/50
 1/50  50 



 
f  f(x)   4   4  x 50   

=x

g (x) = g(x) = f(f(f(x))) + f(f(x))

= f (x) + x
g (1) = f (1) + 1 = 31/50 + 1
[g (1)] = [31/50 + 1] = 2

 6x 2  5x  1  2x 2  3x  4 
2. If domain of the function log e    cos 1  is (, )  (, ], then
 2x  1   3x  5 
18(2+2+ ) is equal to ____________ . [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
Ans. (20)
6x 2  5x  1 2x 2  3x  4 2x 2  3x  4
Sol. Df :  0,   1, 1
2x  1 3x  5 3x  5
 1 1  1 1 
Df :  ,    ,
 2 3   2 2 

3. If a function f satisfies f(m + n) = f(m) + f(n) for all m, n N and f(1) = 1, then the largest natural
2022
 f    k    2022
2
number  such that is equal to ________. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
k 1

Ans. (1010)

24 E
 Function

Sol. f (m + n) = f(m) + f(n)
 f(x) = kx  f(1) = 1  k = 1
f(x) = x
Now
2022
 f    k   (2022)2
k 1
2022
     k   (2022)2
k 1

2022  2023
  2022
2
 2022 
2
2023
  2022 –
2
  1010.5
 largest natural no.  is 1010.

E 25
JEE-Mathematics


SECTION - 1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS

1. Let R = {(3, 3), (5, 5), (9, 9), (12, 12), (5, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 5)} be a relation on the set
A = {3, 5, 9, 12}. Then, R is :- [JEE-MAIN ONLINE - 2013]
(1) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric. (2) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive.
(3) an equivalence relation (4) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive.
Ans. (1)
Sol. For (5, 12), (12, 5)  R. so not symmetric
(a, a)  R  at {3, 5, 9, 12} so reflexive
for (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R
(a, c)  R so transitive
as for (3, 5) (5, 12)  R
(3, 12)  R

2 1
2. If f(x) = x – x + 5, x  , and g(x) is its inverse function, then g'(7) equals :
2
[JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2014]
1 1 1 1
(1) (2)  (3)  (4)
3 3 13 13
Ans. (1)
2
Sol. f(x) = x – x + 5
1 1
g(y) = 
f (x) 2x  1
y = 7 so x = 2
1
g  (7) 
3

3. Let A = {x1, x2,..., x7} and B {y1, y2, y3} be two sets containing seven and three distinct elements
respectively. Then the total number of functions f : A B that are onto, if there exist exactly three elements x
in A such that f(x) = y2, is equal to : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE - 2015]
7 7 7 7
(1) 14. C2 (2) 16. C3 (3) 14. C3 (4) 12. C2
Ans. (3)
Ans. n(A) = 7 n(B) = 3
7
so 3 elements will map to y2 by C3 ways
Remaining 4 elements will map to y1 or y3
4
total ways = (2 – 2)
7
to total ways = 14 × C3

26 E
 Function

1
4. For x  R, x  0, x  1, let f0 (x)  and fn+1(x) = f0(fn(x)), n = 0, 1, 2, .......... Then the value of
1 x
 2  3
f100 (3)  f1    f2   is equal to : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE - 2016]
 3  2
8 5 1 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3
Ans. (2)
1
Sol. f0 (x) 
1 x
x 1
f1(x) =
x
f2(x) = x
1
f3(x) =
1 x
1 x1
so f3k(x) = f3k 1 (x) 
1 x x
f(3k+2)(x) = x
x1
f100(x) = f100(3) = 2/3
x
 2 3 1
f1   = 1   
 3 2 2

 3 3
f2   =
 2 2
3 1 2 5
=   
2 2 3 3

5. Let a, b, c  R. If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such that a +b + c = 3 and f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy,  x, y  R,
10
then  f(n) is equal to :
n 1
[JEE MAINS - 2017]

(1) 190 (2) 255 (3) 330 (4) 165

Ans. (3)
Sol. f (1) = 3
put x = y= 1  f(2) = 7
put x = 2, y = 1  f(3) = 7 + 3 + 2 = 12
put x = 2, y = 2  f(4) = 7 + 7 + 4
S = 3 + 7 + 12 + 18 .... T10
S = 3 + 7 + 12 + ...... + Tn
n
Tn = [6  (n  1)]
2
n 10
S  Tn
n 1

E 27
JEE-Mathematics

10 10
6. Let f(x) = 2 ·x + 1 and g(x) = 3 · x – 1. If (fog) (x) = x, then x is equal to :
[JEE-MAIN ONLINE - 2017]
310  1 1  310 210  1 1  210
(1) 10
(2) 10
(3) 10
(4)
10
3 2 10
2 3 10
2 3 310  210
Ans. (4)
10
Sol. f(x) = 2 .x + 1
g(x) = 310 x  1
10 10
f(g(x)) = 2 (3 x – 1) + 1 = x
10 10
6 x – 2 +1 = x
210  1
x=
610  1
1  210
x=
310  210

7. Two sets A and B are as under :

A  (a, b)  R  R :|a  5| 1 and| b  5|  1


B  (a, b)  R  R : 4(a  6)2  9(b  5)2  36 . Then :  [JEE-MAIN-2018]
(1) B  A (2) A  B
(3) A  B   (an empty set) (4) Neither A  B nor B  A
Ans. (2)
Sol. |a  5|  1 = A 4<a<6

(6, 7)

(3, 5) (6, 5) (9, 5)

(6, 3)

| b  5|  1 = B 4<b<6

(a  6)2 (b  5)2
 1
9 4
Hence 3  a  9 and 3b7
Hence A  B

28 E
 Function

1 1
8. For x  R – {0, 1}, let f1(x) = , f2(x) = 1 – x and f3(x) = be three given functions. If a function,
x 1 x
J(x) satisfies (f2°J°f1)(x) = f3(x) then J(x) is equal to : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
1
(1) f3(x) (2) f1(x) (3) f2(x) (4) f3(x)
x
Ans. (1)
1 1
Sol. Given f1(x) = , f2(x) = 1 – x and f3  x  
x 1 x
 f2 º Jº f1   x   f3  x 
 
f2 º J  f1  x   = f3 (x)

  1 1
f2 º  J    
  x 1  x

 1 1
1 J  
 x 1 x

 1 1 x x
J   1  
 x 1 x 1 x x 1
1
Now x 
x
1
x 1
J  x    f3  x 
1 1 x
1
x

9. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two functions f and g be defined as f,g : NN such that :
n1
if n is odd
 2
f  n   and g(n) = n–(–1)n. The fog is : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
 n
if n is even
 2
(1) Both one-one and onto (2) One-one but not onto
(3) Neither one-one nor onto (4) onto but not one-one
Ans. (4)
n  1
 n is odd
Sol. f(x) =  2
n / 2 n is even

n  1 ; n is odd
g(x) = n – (–1)n 
n  1 ; n is even
n
 2 ; n is even
f(g(n)) = 
n  1; n is odd
 2
 many one but onto
Option (4)

E 29
 JEE-Mathematics

10
10. Let  ƒ(a  k)  16  210  1 , where the function ƒ satisfies ƒ(x + y) = ƒ(x)ƒ(y) for all natural numbers x, y
k 1
and ƒ(1) = 2. then the natural number 'a' is [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 16 (4) 2
Ans. (2)
10
Sol.  f(a  k)  16(210  1)
k 1

10
  f(a).  f(k)  16(210  1)
k 1

f(a) f(1)  f(2)  ....  f(10) 16(210  1)

f(a).[2  22  .....  210 ]  16(210  1)

 210  1 10
f(a). 2    16(2  1)
 2 1 
3
f(a) = 8 = 2
a=3

2
11. Le f(x) = x , x  R. For any A  R , define g(A) = {x  R, f(x)  A}. If S = [0, 4], then which one of the
following statements is not true ? [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
(1) f(g(S))  f(S) (2) f(g (S)) = S (3) g(f(S)) = g(S) (4) g(f(S))  S
Ans. (3)
Sol. Since f(A) where A is set is undefined in the problem.
This problem should be bonous
g(S) =[–2, 2 ]
f(S) = [0, 16]
  g(f(S)) = [–4, 4]
taking f(A) as range of when domain is A option (3) is correct

 3 1  x2  
12. For x   0,  , let f  x  x , g(x) = tan x and h(x)  . If (x) = ((hof)og)(x), then     is
 2 1 x 2  3
equal to : [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]
 7 11 5
(1) tan (2) tan (3) tan (4) tan
12 12 12 12
Sol. Q(x) = h(f(g(x)))
    

 
Q    h  f  g      h(f( 3))  h
 3    3  
 34

1 3  3  1  
     (2  3)   tan  2 
1 3  3  1

     11 
  tan    tan      tan 
 12   12   12 

30 E
 Function

13. For x  R, let [x] denote the greatest integer  x, then the sum of the series
 1  1 1   1 2   1 99 
  3     3  100     3  100   .....   3  100  is [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2019]

(1) –153 (2) –133 (3) –131 (4) –135

Ans. (2)
 1   1 1   1 66   1 67   1 99 
Sol.        .......  3  100     3  100  ......   3  100 
3
   3 100       
= (–1).67 + (–2). 33 = –133

x[x]
14. Let ƒ : (1, 3)  R be a function defined by ƒ(x)  , where [x] denotes the greatest integer  x. Then
1  x2
the range of ƒ is [JEE-MAIN ONLINE-2020]
 3 4  2 3  3 4  2 4  2 1  3 4 
(1)  ,  (2)  ,    ,  (3)  ,  (4)  ,    , 
 5 5  5 5  4 5  5 5  5 2  5 5 
Ans. (4)
 x
 2 ; x  (1, 2)
Sol. ƒ(x)  
x  1
 2x ; x   2,3
 x 2  1
ƒ(x) is decreasing function
 2 1  3 4 
 ƒ(x)   ,    , 
 5 2  5 5 
(4) Option

ax
15. For a suitably chosen real constant a, let a function, f : R – {–a}  R be defined by f(x)  . Further
ax
 1
suppose that for any real number x  –a and f(x)  –a, (fof)(x) = x. Then f    is equal to :
 2
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
1 1
(1) (2) 3 (3) –3 (4) 
3 3
Official Ans. by NTA (2)
ax
Sol. f(x)  x  R – {–a}  R
ax
 a  x
a
a  f(x)  a  x 
f  f(x)  
a  f(x)  a  x
a
 a  x 
 a 2  a   x  a  1
f  f(x)  x
 a 2  a   x  a  1
2 2 2
 (a – a) + x(a + 1) = (a + a)x + x (a – 1)
2 2
 a(a – 1) + x(1 – a ) – x (a – 1) = 0
 a=1
1
1
1  x  1  2 3
f(x)  , f  
1 x  2  1
1
2

E 31
JEE-Mathematics

[x]  2
16. Let [x] denote the greatest integer < x, where x  R. If the domain of the real valued function f(x) 
[x]  3
is (–,a)  [b,c)  [4, ),a  b  c, then the value of a + b + c is: [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
(1) 8 (2) 1 (3) –2 (4) –3
Official Ans. by NTA (3)
[x]  2
Sol. For domain, 0
[x]  3
Case I : When [x]  2  0
and [x]  3  0
  x  (–) [4, ) .....(1)
Case II : When [x]  2  0 and [x]  3  0
 x  [–) .....(2)
So, from (1) and (2)
we get
Domain of function
= (–, –3) [–2, 3) [4, )
 (a + b + c) = – 3 + (–2) + 3 = –2 (a < b < c)
 Option (3) is correct.

17. Let g : N  N be defined as g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2, g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3, g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1, for all n  0.

Then which of the following statements is true ? [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
(1) There exists an onto function f : N  N such that fog = f
(2) There exists a one–one function f: N  N such that fog = f
(3) gogog = g
(4) There exists a function f : N  N such that gof = f
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Sol. g:NN
g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2
g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3
g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1
 x  1 x  3k  1
g  x    x  1 x  3k  2
 x  2 x  3k  3
 x  2 x  3k  1
g  g  x     x  1 x  3k  2
 x  1 x  3k  3
 x x  3k  1

g g g  x    x x  3k  2
 x x  3k  3
If f : N  N, f is a one-one function such that
f(g(x)) = f(x)  g(x) = x, which is not the case
If f f : N  N ƒ is an onto function
such that f(g(x)) = f(x),
one possibility is

32 E
 Function

 n x  3n  1
f  x    n x  3n  2 n  N0
 n x  3n  3
Here ƒ(x) is onto, also ƒ(g(x)) = ƒ(x)  x  N

18. Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {8, 9, 12}. Then the number of elements in the relation
R = {((a1, b1), (a2, b2))  (A × B, A × B) : a1 divides b2 and a2 divides b1} is :
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]
(1) 36 (2) 12 (3) 18 (4) 24
Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Allen Ans. (1)
Sol.
A B

2 8
3 9
4 12 a1, b1 a2, b2

a1 divides b2
Each element has 2 choices
 3 × 2 = 6
a2 divides b1
Each element has 2 choices
 3 × 2 = 6
Total = 6 × 6 = 36

19. If f  x  x 3  x 2f '(1)  xf "(2)  f "'(3) , x  R, then [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2023]

(1) 3f(1) + f(2) = f(3) (2) f(3) – f(2) = f(1)
(3) 2f(0) – f(1) + f(3) = f(2) (4) f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = f(0)
Official Ans. by NTA (3)
Allen Ans. (3)
Sol. f(x)  x 3  x 2 f (1)  xf (2)  f (3), x  R
Let f (1)  a, f (2)  b, f (3)  c
f(x) = x3 – ax2 + bx – c
f (x)  3x 2  2ax  b
f (x)  6x  2a
f (x)  6
c = 6, a = 3, b = 6
f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 6
f(1) = –2, f(2) = 2, f(3) = 12, f(0) = –6
2f(0) – f(1) + f(3) = 2 = f(2)

E 33
JEE-Mathematics

x 2  25
20. If the domain of the function f(x)   log 10 (x 2  2x  15) is
(4  x 2 )
(–, )  [, ), then 2 + 3 is equal to : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]

(1) 140 (2) 175 (3) 150 (4) 125

Ans. (3)

x 2  25
Sol. f(x)   log10 (x 2  2x  15)
(4  x 2 )
Domain : x2 – 25  0  x  (–, –5]  [5, )
4 – x2  0  x {–2, 2}
x2 + 2x – 15 > 0  (x + 5) (x – 3) > 0
 x  (–, –5)  (3, )
 x  (–, –5)  [5,)
 = –5; = 5
  3= 150

21. Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined as

log e x , x0
f(x) =   x and
 e , x0

 x , x0
g(x) =  x . Then, gof : R  R is : [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
 e , x0
(1) one-one but not onto (2) neither one-one nor onto
(3) onto but not one-one (4) both one-one and onto
Ans. (2)
 f(x),f(x)  0
Sol. g(f(x)) =  f(x)
e ,f(x)  0 (0,1)
e ,  ,0 
x
 (1,0)
g(f(x)) =  eln x ,(0,1)
 ln x, 1, 
 

Graph of g(f(x))
g(f(x))  Many one into

 a if  a  x  0
22. Let f (x)   [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
x  a if 0  x  a
where a > 0 and g(x) = ( (f |x| ) – | f (x)| )/2.
Then the function g : [ –a, a]  [ –a, a] is
(1) neither one-one nor onto. (2) both one-one and onto.
(3) one-one. (4) onto
Ans. (1)
Sol. y = f(x)

34 E
 Function


2a
a

–a O a
–a

y = f|x|

2a

–a a
y = |f(x)|

2a

a
a
–a
|
f(| x |) | f(x)|
g(x) =
2
a/2

–a O a

SECTION - 2 : NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS

1. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Then the number of elements in the set C = {f : A  B| 2  f(A)
and f is not one-one} is _______. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2020]
Official Ans. by NTA (19.00)
Sol. C = {f : A  B| 2  f(A) and f is not one-one}
Case-I : If f(x) = 2  x  A then number of function = 1
3 3
Case-II : If f(x) = 2 for exactly two elements then total number of many-one function = C2 C1 = 9

3 3
Case-III : If f(x) = 2 for exactly one element then total number of many-one functions = C1 C1 = 9
Total = 19

E 35
JEE-Mathematics

2. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the number of bijective functions f : A  A such that
f(1) + f(2) = 3 – f(3) is equal to : [JEE
MAINS - ONLINE - 2021]
Official Ans. by NTA (720)
Sol. f(1)  f(2)  3  f(3)
 f(1)  f(2)  3  f(3)  3
The only possibility is : 0 + 1 + 2 = 3
 Elements 1, 2, 3 in the domain can be mapped with 0, 1, 2 only.
So number of bijective functions.
 3  5 = 720

3. 
Let f  x   2x 2  x  1 and S  n  
: f  n  800 . Then, the value of  f  n is equal to _________.
n S

[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]

Official Ans. by NTA (10620)
Allen Ans. (10620)
Sol. f(x) = 2x2 – x – 1
|f(x)|  800
2n2 – n – 801  0
1 801
n2  n  0
2 2
2
 1 801 1
 n  4   2  16  0
2
 1 6409
 n  4   16  0

 1 6409   1 6409 
 n  4  4   n  4  16   0
  
1  6409 1  6409
n
4 4
n   19, 18  17,.......0,1, 2,......, 20

 f  x     2x 2  x  1  2 192  182  .....  12  12  22  ....  192  202 

n S

 4 12  22  .....  192   2  202   20  40

4  19  20   2  19  1
  2  400  60
6
4  19  20  39
  800  60  9880  800  60
6
= 10620

36 E
 Function

4. The number of functions f, from the set A  x  N : x 2  10x  9  0    
to the set B  n2 : n  N such

that f  x    x  3  1 , for every x  A , is _________ .

2
[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2022]
Official Ans. by NTA (1440)
Allen Ans. (1440)
Sol. (x2 – 10x + 9)  0  (x – 1) (x – 9)  0
 x  [1, 9]  A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
f(x)  (x – 3)2 + 1
x = 1 : f(1)  5  12, 22
x = 2 : f(2)  2  12
x = 3 : f(3)  1  12
x = 4 : f(4)  2  12
x = 5 : f(5)  5  12, 22
x = 6 : f(6)  10  12, 22, 32
x = 7 : f(7)  17  12, 22, 32, 42
x = 8 : f(8)  26  12, 22, 32, 42, 52
x = 9 : f(9)  37  12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62
Total number of such function
   2(6!)  2(720)  1440 

2x
5. Consider the function f :    defined by f(x) = . If the composition of
1  9x 2
210 x
f,  f o f o f o...o f  x   , then the value of 3  1 is equal to …..
10 times
1  9x 2

[JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]

Ans. (1024)
2f(x) 4x
Sol. f  f  x   
2
1  9f x 1  9x  9.22 x 2
2

23 x / 1  9x 2 23 x
f  f  f(x)   
22 x 2 1  9x 2 1  22  24 
1  9 1  22  2
1  9x
 By observation
  22 10 – 1 220 – 1
2 4 18
  1  2  2  ....  2  1 
 22 – 1  3

3  1  220  3  1  210  1024

E 37
JEE-Mathematics

6. If S = {a  R : |2a – 1| = 3[a]+2{a}}, where [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to t and
{t} represents the fractional part of t, then 72  a is equal to ______. [JEE MAINS - ONLINE - 2024]
aS

Ans. (18)
Sol. |2a – 1| = 3[a] + 2{a}
|2a – 1| = [a] + 2a
1
Case-1 : a 
2
2a – 1 = [a] + 2a
[a] = –1  a  [–1, 0) Reject
1
Case-2 : a 
2
–2a + 1 = [a] + 2a
a=I+f
–2(I + f) + 1 = I + 2I + 2f
1 1
I = 0, f   a
4 4
1
Hence a 
4
1
72  a  72   18
a S 4

38 E
 Function


2
1. Let f(x) = x and g(x) = sinx for all xR. Then the set of all x satisfying
(ƒ o g o g o ƒ) (x) = (g o g o ƒ) (x), where (ƒ o g) (x) = ƒ(g(x)), is- [JEE 2011, 3, (–1)]
(A) ± n  , n  0,1, 2,.... (B)  n , n {1, 2,.....}

(C) + 2n , n  {...., 2, 1,0,1,2,.....} (D) 2n ,n {...., 2, 1,0,1,2,.....}
2
Ans. (A)
2 2
Sol. (fogogof) (x) = sin (sin x )
2
(gogof) (x) = sin (sin x )
2 2 2
 sin (sin x ) = sin (sin x )
2 2
 sin(sin x ) [sin (sin x ) – 1] = 0
2
 sin(sin x ) = 0 or 1
2
 sin x = nor 2m + /2, where m, n  I
2
 sin x = 0
2
 x = n  x = ± n , n  {0, 1, 2,....}

3 2
2. The function ƒ : [0, 3]  [1,29], defined by ƒ(x) = 2x – 15x + 36x + 1, is : [JEE 2012, 3, –1]
(A) one-one and onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one but not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
Ans. (B)
3 2
Sol. f(x) = 2x –15x +36x + 1
2
f(x) = 6x – 30x + 36
2
= 6(x –5x + 6)
= 6 (x–2) (x–3)
f (x) is increasing in [0, 2] and decreasing in [2, 3]
f (x) is many one
f (0) = 1
f (2) = 29
f (3) = 28
Range is [1, 29]
Hence, f (x) is many-one-onto

E 39
JEE-Mathematics

2      1
3. Let ƒ : (–1, 1)  IR be such that f (cos4 ) = for    0,    ,  . Then the value(s) of f  
2  sec  2  4  4 2  3
is (are)- [JEE 2012, 4]
3 3 2 2
(A) 1  (B) 1 + (C) 1  (D) 1 +
2 2 3 3
Ans. (AB)
    
Sol. For    0,    , 
 4   4 2
1
Let cos 4 =
3
1  cos 4 2
 cos 2 = ± 
2 3
 1 2 2cos 2  1
f    1
 3  2  sec  2cos   1
2 2
cos 2
 1 3 3
f   1 or1 
 3 2 2
 1
 f   has two values so it is not a function
 3

  
4. Let f :   ,   be given by f(x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3. Then [JEE 2014, 4]
 2 2
(A) f(x) is an odd function (B) f(x) is a one-one function
(C) f(x) is an onto function (d) f(x) is an even function
Ans. (ABC)
Sol. (A) f(–x) + f(x) = 0
(sec x tan x  sec 2 x)
(B) f'(x) = 3 log(sec x + tan x)2
(sec x  tan x)
= 3sec x log(sec x + tanx)2  0 strictly increasing function
Hence one-one function.

5. Let X be a set with exactly 5 elements and Y be a set with exactly 7 elements. If  is the number of one-
1
one functions from X to Y and  is the number of onto functions from Y to X, then the value of (  )
5!
is____ [JEE 2018]
Ans. (119)
Sol. n(x) = 7 n(y) = 7
7 7
  P5  [Link]. 3  C5  5!
7 7
= 3 2
1 2
1 1 1 1
1 1
7! 7!
4
 5!   5!
3!(1!) 4! (1!) 3!(2!)2 2!
3

(  )
 (35  105)  21  119
5!

40 E
 Function

6. Answer the following by appropriately matching the lists based on the information given in
the paragraph [JEE 2019]
Let ƒ(x) = sin( cosx) and g(x) = cos(2 sinx) be two functions defined for x > 0. Define the following sets
whose elements are written in the increasing order :
X = {x : ƒ(x) = 0}, Y = {x : ƒ'(x) = 0}, Z = {x : g(x) = 0}, W = {x : g'(x) = 0}.
List-I contains the sets X, Y, Z and W. List -II contains some information regarding these sets.
List-I List-II
  3 
(I) X (P)   , ,4 ,7
2 2 
(II) Y (Q) an arithmetic progression

(III) Z (R) NOT an arithmetic progression

  7 13 
(IV) W (S)  , , 
6 6 6 
  2 
(T)   , , 
3 3 
  3 
(U)  , 
6 4 
Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
Options
(A) (II), (R), (S) (B) (I), (P), (R) (C) (II), (Q), (T) (D) (I), (Q), (U)
Ans. (C)

7. Answer the following by appropriately matching the lists based on the information given in
the paragraph [JEE 2019]
Let ƒ(x) = sin( cosx) and g(x) = cos(2 sinx) be two functions defined for x > 0. Define the following sets
whose elements are written in the increasing order :
X = {x : ƒ(x) = 0}, Y = {x : ƒ'(x) = 0}.
Z = {x : g(x) = 0}, W = {x : g'(x) = 0}.
List-I contains the sets X,Y,Z and W. List -II contains some information regarding these sets.
List-I List-II

  3 
(I) X (P)   , ,4 ,7
2 2 

(II) Y (Q) an arithmetic progression

(III) Z (R) NOT an arithmetic progression

  7 13 
(IV) W (S)  , , 
6 6 6 

  2 
(T)   , , 
3 3 

  3 
(U)  , 
6 4 
Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination ?
Options
(A) (IV), (Q), (T) (B) (IV), (P), (R), (S) (C) (III), (R), (U) (D) (III), (P), (Q), (U)

E 41
JEE-Mathematics

Ans. (B)
Sol. (Q.6 - Q.7)
f(x) = sin ( cos x)
X : {x : f(x) = 0}
f(x) = 0  sin (cos x) = 0
n
 cos x = n cos x = 1, –1, 0  x 
2
 n 
X   : n  N 
2 

2 
, ,
3
2
, 2,.... 
g(x) = cos (2 sin x)
Z = {x : g(x) = 0}
 (2n  1)
cos (2 sin x) = 0 2 sin x = (2n + 1)  sin x 
2 4
1 1 3 3
sin x   , , ,
4 4 4 4
  1  3 
Z  n  sin1   , n  sin1   ,n  I 
  4  4 
Y = {x : f'(x) = 0}
f(x) = sin ( cos x) f '(x) = cos (cos x) . (–sin x) = 0
sin x = 0 x = n.
 (2n  1) 1 1
cos (cos x) = 0  cos x = (2n + 1)  cos x   cos x   ,
2 2 2 2


Y  n, n 

3  

 2
,
3 3
, ,
4  5
,
3 3
, 2,...... 
W = {x : g'(x) = 0}
g(x) = cos (2 sin x) g'(x) = –sin (2 sin x).(2 cos x) = 0

cos x = 0 x = (2n + 1)
2
n 1 1
sin (2 sin x) = 0 2 sin x = nsin x = = 1,  , 0, , 1
2 2 2

W  n
2

 
, n  ,n  I 
6
  5
, ,
6 2 6
, ,
7  3
,
6 2
,...... 
Now check the options

8. If the function ƒ : R  R is defined by ƒ(x) = |x|(x – sinx), then which of the following statements is
TRUE?
[JEE 2020, ADV.]
(A) ƒ is one-one, but NOT onto (B) ƒ is onto, but NOT one-one
(C) ƒ is BOTH one-one and onto (D) ƒ is NEITHER one-one NOR onto
Ans. (C)
Sol. ƒ(x) is a non-periodic, continuous and odd function
 x  x sin x, x  0
2

f(x)   2
x  x sin x, x  0

42 E
 Function

 sin x 
f(–) = Lt (x 2 )  1   –
x–   x 
 sin x 
f() = Lt x 2  1  
x   x 
 Range of ƒ(x) = R
 ƒ(x) is an onto function …(1)
 2x  sin x  x cos x, x  0
ƒ'(x)  
 2x  sin x – x cos x, x  0
For (0, )
ƒ'(x) = (x – sinx) + x(1 – cosx)
always +ve always +ve
or 0 or 0
 ƒ'(x) > 0
 ƒ'(x)  0,  x   , 
equality at x = 0
 ƒ(x) is one-one function …. (2)
From (1) & (2), ƒ(x) is both one-one & onto.
Ans. (C)

4x
9. Let the function ƒ : [0, 1]   be defined by ƒ(x)  .
4x  2
 1  2  3  39   1 
Then the value of f    f    f    ..........  f    f   is______ [JEE 2020, ADV.]
 40   40   40   40   2
Ans. 19.00
4x 41 x
Sol. f(x)  f(1  x)  
4 x  2 41 x  2
4x 4 / 4x
 
4x  2 4
2
4x
4x 4
 
4  2 4  2.4 x
x

4x 2
 
4  2 2  4x
x

=1
 1  2  39   1
so, f    f    ...  f    f  
 40   40   40   2

 1  1
 19  ƒ    ƒ    19
 2  2

E 43
JEE-Mathematics

10. Consider the following lists [JEE 2022, ADV.]
List-1 List-II

  2 2  
(I) x   , :cos x  sin x  1 (P) has two elements
  3 3  
  5 5  
(II) x   ,  : 3 tan 3x  1 (Q) has three elements
  18 18  
  6 6  
(III) x   , :2cos(2x)  3  (R) has four elements
  5 5  
  7 7  
(IV) x   ,  :sin x  cos x  1 (S) has five elements
  4 4 
(T) has six elements
The correct option is:
(A) (I)  (P); (II)  (S); (III)  (P); (IV)  (S)
(B) (I)  (P); (II)  (P); (III)  (T); (IV)  (R)
(C) (I)  (Q); (II)  (P); (III)  (T); (IV)  (S)
(D) (I)  (Q); (II)  (S); (III)  (P); (IV)  (R)
Ans. (B)
Sol. (A) cos x + sin x = 1
x   
sin x = 1 – cos x   ,
2  3 3 
x x x
2 sin cos  2 sin 2
2 2 2
x x
sin 0 tan 1
2 2
x 
x = 0, 
2 4

x 2 elements
2
(B) 3 tan 3x  1
1   5 
tan 3x  3x    , 
3  6 6 
3x = 30º, –150º
x = 10º, –50º 2 elements
(C) 2cos 2x  3
3  12 12 
cos 2x  2x    ,
2  5 5 

2x  2n 
6
    
2x   , 2  , z  ,  z  ,  z 
6 6 6 6 6
6 elements

44 E
 Function

(D) sin x – cos x = 1
x x x
2 sin cos  2cos 2
2 2 2
x x x  7 7 
cos 0 tan 1   ,
2 2 2  8 8 
x  
 ,
2 2 2
x  3
 ,
2 4 4
4 elements

11. Let f :  be a function defined by

 2  

f ( x )   x sin  x 2  , if x  0,
 0, if x = 0.
Then which of the following statements is TRUE ?
 1 
(A) f (x) = 0 has infinitely many solutions in the interval  10
, .
10 
1 
(B) f (x) = 0 has no solutions in the interval  ,   .
 
 1 
 0, 10  is finite.
(C) The set of solutions of f (x) = 0 in the interval
 10 
 1 1
(D) f (x) = 0 has more than 25 solutions in the interval  2 ,  .
 
Ans. (D)

Sol. Option-A : f  x   x 2 sin
x2
 
f(x) = 0  sin 2  0  2  n , n  N
x x
1 1
x2   x 
n n
1 1
 10  1010  n  n  1020 , finite number of solutions
n 10
1 1 1
Option-B : x      n  n  2 , Number of solutions is 9
n n 
1 1 1
Option-C : x  ,  10  n  1010  n > 1020 , Infinite number of solutions
n n 10
1 1 1
Option-D : 2    n   , 2   n  (2, 4), Definitely more than 25 solutions
 n 

E 45
JEE-Mathematics

12. Let f :  be a function such that f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y  , and g : (0, ) be a
 3   1 
function such that g(x + y) = g(x) g(y) for all x, y  . If f    12 and g    2 , then the
 5   3 

 1 
value of  f    g(2)  8  g(0) is ________ .
 4 
Ans. (51)
Sol. f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) …(1)

 f(nx) = nf(x)  n N …(2)

Now put y = – x in eq.(1)
f(x) + f(–x) = f(0) {f(0) = 0}

 f(–x) = –f(x)

 f is odd function
from eq. (2)
f(–nx) = nf(–x)

 f(–nx) = –nf(x)

 f(mx) = mf(x) m  Z– …(3)

from eq. (2) and eq. (3)

f(nx) = nf(x)  n  Z …(4)

p
Now put x where p, q  Z, q 0
q

 np  p
f    nf   n  Z
 q  q
put n = q

p
f(p) = qf  
q
p
 pf(1) = qf   {from eq.(4)}
q
Let f(1) = a
p
then pa  qf  
q
 p  ap
f 
q q
 f(x) = ax x 

46 E
 Function

 3   3 
Now, f    a    12  a  20
 5   5 
 f(x) = –20x x  …(5)
From the given functional equation it is not possible to find a unique function for irrational values of 'x',
there are infinitely many such functions satisfying given functional equation for irrational values
of x, but in this problem we finally need the function at rational values of 'x' only. So, for rational values
of x we are getting a unique function mentioned in (5).
Now, g(x + y) = g(x).g(y)
 n(g(x + y) = n(g(x)) +n(g(y))

Let n(g(x)) = h(x)

 h(x + y) = h(x) + h(y)

 h(x) = kx x 

 g(x) = ekx x  …(6)

K
 1  
and g   e 3  2  K = –3n2
 3
1
 K  n 
8
1 x
n   .x
1
 g(x)  e 8
    2 3x x 
8
1
Now, f    5, g(2)  26  64
4
g(0) = 1
 1 
So  f  4   g(2)  (8).g(0) 
   
= (–5 + 64 – 8) (1) = 51

E 47