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Chapter 9 Genitourinary Problems

The document outlines key points regarding various sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and conditions related to vaginal discharge, including bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. It highlights diagnostic criteria, symptoms, complications, and treatment options for these conditions, as well as the impact of HIV on HPV infections. Important questions related to these topics are also presented for further study.

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2 views4 pages

Chapter 9 Genitourinary Problems

The document outlines key points regarding various sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and conditions related to vaginal discharge, including bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. It highlights diagnostic criteria, symptoms, complications, and treatment options for these conditions, as well as the impact of HIV on HPV infections. Important questions related to these topics are also presented for further study.

Uploaded by

moonbabu8855
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IMPORTANT MCQs Points :

 The commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge, bacterial


vaginosis (BV)
 Bacterial vaginosis; ‘fishy’ malodour
 Bacterial vaginosis; Hay-Ison or Nugent criteria
 Amsels criteria is used for bacterial vaginosis
 Candidiasis; white, curdy discharge
 Trichomniasis is association with pregnancy outcome: preterm
birth, low birthweight and maternal postpartum sepsis
 Gold standard test for trichomniasis is NAAT
 Chlamydial infection is the most common bacterial STI
 Pelvic inflammatory disease occurs when there is ascending
infection from the endocervix to the higher reproductive tract
 The diagnosis of PID is usually made clinically and symptoms
typically include lower bilateral abdominal pain, dyspareunia,
altered vaginal discharge and IMB or PCB. Systemic symptoms of
infection may be present

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 Complications of PID are sequelae of endometrial and Fallopian
tube inflammation and damage such as subfertility, ectopic
pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain
 Right upper quadrant pain due to perihepatitis is an unusual
complication called Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
 Test of choice for genital herpes is PCR
 Treatment of the symptoms of genital herpes is a course of
aciclovir
 The types 6 and 11 cause over 90% of genital warts
 In acquired early syphilis the initial manifestation is the ‘chancre’
 Infection with the oncogenic genotypes including types 16 and
18 is also through sex, but these cause anogenital dysplasia and
cancer, not warts
 Diagnosis is by clinical examination and treatments include
ablative therapies such as application of liquid nitrogen or
surgical techniques or patient-applied topical therapies
 Rarely, warts may become very large and obstruct the birth canal,
necessitating caesarean delivery
 widespread erythematous rash typically including the palms and
soles and that can result in alopecia, oral and genital mucous
lesions and raised lesions, usually in the anogenital area, termed
‘condylomata lata
 Complications of syphilis include neurological involvement,
resulting in meningitis, an eighth nerve palsy and consequent

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deafness or tinnitus and ophthalmic involvement, most often
uveitis
 Diagnosis of syphilis: dark field microscopy or PCR
 Women with HIV infection are more likely to have infection with
HPV 16 or 18 and have a higher prevalence and incidence of
CIN/HSIL
 Many antiretrovirals interact with hormonal contraceptives,
resulting in reduced contraceptive efficacy
 Treatment of HIV is by hAART
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS:
1. Causes of vaginal discharge
2. Gonorrhea scenario
3. Candidiasis scenario
4. Pelvic inflammatory disease scenario
5. Trichomniasis scenario
6. Herpes

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Copyrights: Medical Globe 2020

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