Solved Assignment – Introduction to Law and Human Rights

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) Answers

Q Ans Q Ans Q Ans Q Ans
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 B
5 D 6 C 7 C 8 B
9 B 10 B 11 B 12 C
13 B 14 C 15 B 16 C
17 C 18 B 19 B 20 C
21 C 22 C 23 C 24 B
25 C 26 C 27 C 28 C
29 C 30 C 31 C 32 B
33 C 34 C 35 C 36 A
37 C 38 C 39 C 40 B
41 B 42 C 43 B 44 B
45 B 46 B 47 B 48 C
49 C 50 C 51 C 52 B
53 B 54 B 55 C 56 B
57 C 58 B 59 B 60 C
61 C 62 C

True / False Answers

Q Answer Q Answer Q Answer
1 True 2 False 3 True
4 False 5 False 6 True
7 True 8 False 9 False
10 True 11 True 12 False
13 False 14 True 15 True
16 False 17 True 18 False
19 True 20 True 21 True
22 False 23 False 24 True
25 True 26 False 27 True
28 False 29 True 30 True
31 False 32 True 33 True
34 True 35 False 36 False
37 True 38 False 39 True
 40 True 41 True 42 False
43 True 44 False 45 True
46 False 47 True 48 False
49 True 50 True 51 False
52 True 53 False 54 False
55 True 56 False 57 True
58 True 59 True 60 False

Essay Question Sample Answers

1. Concept of Law
Law is a system of general and binding rules enforced by the state to regulate behavior, protect rights, and maintain
order. Legal rules are general, mandatory, socially binding, and backed by sanctions.

2. Legal vs Moral and Religious Rules

Legal rules are enforced by the state with material sanctions. Moral rules rely on conscience and social opinion, while
religious rules depend on spiritual and religious sanctions.

3. Functions of Law
Law maintains order, resolves disputes, protects rights and freedoms, promotes justice, and supports social stability
and development.

4. Law, Justice, and Stability

Law achieves justice through equal application of rules and protects stability by regulating conduct and preventing
conflicts.

5. Sources of Law in Egypt

The main sources are the Constitution, legislation, Islamic Shari’a, custom, and judicial precedent.

6. Islamic Shari’a
Article 2 of the Egyptian Constitution states that Islamic Shari’a principles are the main source of legislation.

7. Public vs Private Law

Public law governs relations involving the state, such as constitutional and administrative law. Private law regulates
relations between individuals, such as civil and commercial law.

8. Substantive vs Procedural Law

Substantive law defines rights and duties, while procedural law explains how rights are enforced before courts.

9. Constitutional Law
Constitutional law regulates the structure of the state, separation of powers, and protection of rights and freedoms.

10. Administrative Law

Administrative law controls public authorities, regulates public services, and ensures legality of administrative
decisions.
11. Civil Law
Civil law governs private relations concerning contracts, obligations, and property rights.

12. Commercial vs Labor Law

Commercial law regulates trade and business activities, while labor law governs employer-employee relations and
worker protection.

13. Legal Personality

Legal personality means the ability to hold rights and duties. Natural persons are human beings, while juridical
persons include companies and institutions.

14. Legal Capacity

Legal capacity is the ability to acquire and exercise rights. It requires legal age and mental competence.

15. Human Rights

Human rights are universal and inherent rights belonging to all humans without discrimination. They are indivisible
and inalienable.

16. Development of Human Rights

Modern human rights developed after World War II, especially with the adoption of the UDHR in 1948.

17. Three Generations of Rights

First generation: civil and political rights; second generation: economic and social rights; third generation: solidarity
rights such as peace and environment.

18. Positive Rights

Second-generation rights are called positive rights because they require active state intervention and resources.

19. Significance of the UDHR

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights established global standards for dignity, freedom, equality, and inspired
many constitutions and treaties.