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Science
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8 Motion. Sandhya ma’am notes

1. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If

yes, support your answer with an example.

Solution:

Yes, an object which has moved through a distance can have zero displacement if it
comes back to its initial position.

Example: If a person jogs in a circular park which is circular and completes one round.
His initial and final position is the same.

Hence, his displacement is zero.

2. A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side 10m in 40 s. What
will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20
seconds from his initial position?

Solution:

Given,
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Side of the given square field = 10m

Hence, the perimeter of a square = 40 m

Time taken by the farmer to cover the boundary of 40 m = 40 s

So, in 1 s, the farmer covers a distance of 1 m

Now,

Distance covered by the farmer in 2 min 20 sec = 1 x 140 = 140 m

So,

The total number of rotations taken by the farmer to cover a distance of 140 m = total
distance/perimeter

= 3.5

At this point, let us say the farmer is at point B from the origin O

Therefore, from Pythagoras theorem, the displacement s = √(102+102)

s = 10√2

s = 14.14 m

3. Which of the following is true for displacement?

(a) It cannot be zero.

(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled by the object.

Solution:

Neither of the statements is true.

(a) Given statement is false because the displacement of an object which travels a
certain distance and comes back to its initial position is zero.
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(b) Given statement is false because the displacement of an object can be equal to, but
never greater than the distance travelled.

4. Distinguish between speed and velocity.

Solution:

Distinguish between speed and velocity:

Velocity Speed

Velocity can be defined as the rate at which an The rate at which an object covers a certain
object changes position in a certain direction distance is known as speed

The velocity of the object changes with the The average speed will continue to count even
change in direction, therefore the object must if the object changes direction
follow one direction

Vector quantity Scalar quantity

Velocity can be zero, negative, or positive Speed can never be negative or zero

5. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object equal

to its average speed?

Solution:

Since average speed is the total distance travelled in a time frame and velocity is the
total displacement in the time frame, the magnitude of average velocity and average
speed will be the same when the total distance travelled is equal to the displacement.

6. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

Solution:
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An odometer, or odograph, is a device that measures the distance travelled by an

automobile based on the perimeter of the wheel as the wheel rotates.

7. What does the path of an object look like when it is in uniform motion?

Solution:

The path of an object in uniform motion is a straight line.

8. During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship reached the ground station in

five minutes. What was the distance of the spaceship from the ground station?
The signal travels at the speed of light, that is, 3 × 108 m/s.

Solution :

Speed= 3 × 108 m s-1

Time= 5 min = 5 *60 = 300 seconds.

Distance= Speed * Time

Distance= 3 * 108 m s-1 * 300 secs. = 9 x 1010m

9. When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration? (ii) non-uniform
acceleration?

Solution:

Uniform Acceleration: When an object is travelling in a straight line with an increase in

velocity at equal intervals of time, then the object is said to be in uniform acceleration.

The free-falling of an object is an example of uniform acceleration.

Non-Uniform Acceleration: When an object is travelling with an increase in velocity

but not at equal intervals of time is known as non-uniform acceleration.

Bus moving or leaving from the bus stop is an example of non-uniform acceleration.
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10. A bus decreases its speed from 80 km h–1 to 60 km h–1 in 5 s. Find the
acceleration of the bus.

Solution:

Given, the initial velocity (u) = 80km/hour = 80000m/3600s = 22.22 m.s-1

The final velocity (v) = 60km/hour = 60000m/3600s = 16.66 m.s-1

Time frame, t = 5 seconds.

Therefore, acceleration (a) = (v - u)/t = (16.66 m.s-1 – 22.22 m.s-1)/5s

= -1.112 m.s-2

Therefore, the total acceleration of the bus is -1.112m.s-2. It can be noted that the
negative sign indicates that the velocity of the bus is decreasing.

11. A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration
attains a speed 40 km h–1 in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.

Solution:

Given parameters

Initial velocity (u) = 0

Final velocity (v) = 40 km/h

v = 40 × (5/18)

v = 11.1111 m/s

Time (t) = 10 minute

t = 60 x 10

t = 600 s

Acceleration (a) = ?
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Consider the formula

v = u + at

11.11 = 0 + a × 600

11.11 = 600 a

a = 11.11/600

a = 0.0185 ms-2

12. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for uniform and non-uniform
motion of an object?

Solution:

For uniform motion, the distance-time graph is a straight line. On the other hand, the
distance-time graph of an object in non-uniform motion is a curve.

2. What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance - time graph is a straight line
parallel to the time axis?

Answer: If distance time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis, the body is said to be at
rest.

3. What can you say about the motion of an object if its speed - ‘time graph is a straight line
parallel to the time axis?
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Answer: If speed time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis, the object is said to be
moving uniformly.

4. What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity -time graph?

Answer: The area under the velocity-time graph gives the distance covered by an object.

INTEXT QUESTIONS Pg 109

1. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.1 m s-2 for 2 minutes. Find (a)
the speed acquired, (b) the distance travelled.

Answer: Initial speed of the bus, u= 0 m/s

Acceleration, a = 0.1 m/s2

Time taken, t = 2 minutes = 120 s

(a) v= u + at

v= 0 + 0×1 × 120

v= 12 ms-1

(b) According to the third equation of motion, v2 - u2= 2as

s is the distance covered by the bus

(12)2 - (0)2= 2(0.1) s

s = 720 m

Speed acquired finally by the bus is 12 m/s.

Distance travelled by the bus is 720 m.

INTEXT QUESTIONS Pg 110

2. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 km h-1. Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform

acceleration of ?0.5 m s-2. Find how far the train will go before it is brought to rest.

Answer: Initial speed of the train, u= 90 km/h = 25 m/s (1km/hr = 5/18 m/s)

Final speed of the train, v = 0 (finally the train comes to rest and its velocity becomes 0)
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Acceleration = - 0.5 m s-2

According to third equation of motion:

v2= u2 + 2 as

(0)2= (25)2 + 2 ( - 0.5) s

Where, s is the distance covered by the train

The train will cover a distance of 625 m before coming to rest.

3. A trolley, while going down an inclined plane, has an acceleration of 2 cm s-2. What will be its
velocity 3 s after the start?

Answer: Initial Velocity of the trolley, u= 0 cms-1

Acceleration, a= 2 cm s-2

Time, t= 3 s

It is known that final velocity, v= u + at = 0 + 2*3 cms-1

Therefore, the velocity of train after 3 seconds is 6 cms-1

4. A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 m s - ′2. What distance will it cover in 10 s after
start?

Answer: Initial Velocity of the car, u=0 ms-1

Acceleration, a= 4 m s-2

Time, t= 10 s

We know Distance, s= ut + (1/2)at2

Therefore, Distance covered by car in 10 second= 0 × 10 + (1/2) × 4 × 102

= 0 + (1/2) × 4× 10 × 10 m

= (1/2)× 400 m

= 200 m
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5. A stone is thrown in a vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 m s-1. If the acceleration
of the stone during its motion is 10 m s-2 in the downward direction, what will be the height
attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there?

Answer: Given Initial velocity of stone, u=5 m s-1

Downward of negative Acceleration, a= 10 m s-2

we know that 2 as= v2 - u2

EXERCISE QUESTIONS Pg 110

1. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the
distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?

Answer:

Diameter of circular track (D) = 200 m

Radius of circular track (r) = 200 / 2=100 m

Time taken by the athlete for one round (t) = 40 s

Distance covered by athlete in one round (s) = 2π r

= 2 * ( 22 / 7 ) * 100

Speed of the athlete (v) = Distance / Time

= (2 x 2200) / (7 x 40)

= 4400 / 7 × 40

So, Distance covered in 140 s = Speed (s) × Time(t)

= 4400 / (7 x 40) x (2 x 60 + 20)

= 4400 / ( 7 x 40) x 140

= 4400 x 140 /7 x 40

= 2200 m

Number of rounds in 40 s =1 round

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Number of rounds in 140 s =140/40

=3 ½

Therefore, Displacement of the athlete with respect to initial position at x= xy

= Diameter of circular track

= 200 m

2. Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight 300 m road in 2 minutes 30
seconds and then turns around and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are
Joseph's average speeds and velocities in jogging (a) from A to B and (b) from A to C?

Total Distance covered from AB = 300 m

Total time taken = 2 x 60 + 30 s

=150 s

Therefore, Average Speed from AB = Total Distance / Total Time

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=300 / 150 m s-1

=2 m s-1

Therefore, Velocity from AB =Displacement AB / Time = 300 / 150 m s-1

=2 m s-1

Total Distance covered from AC = AB + BC

= 300 + 200 m

Total time taken from A to C = Time taken for AB + Time taken for BC

= (2 x 60+30) + 60 s

= 210 s

Therefore, Average Speed from AC = Total Distance /Total Time

= 400 /210 m s-1

= 1.904 m s-1

Displacement (S) from A to C = AB - BC

= 300-100 m

= 200 m

Time (t) taken for displacement from AC = 210 s

Therefore, Velocity from AC = Displacement (s) / Time(t)

= 200 / 210 m s-1

= 0.952 m s-1

3. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for his trip to be 20 km h-1. On his
return trip along the same route, there is less traffic and the average speed is 40 km h-1. What is
the average speed for Abdul’s trip?

Answer: The distance while driving from Home to School = S

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Assume time taken by Abdul to cover this distance = t1

Distance Abdul covers while driving from School to Home = S

Assume time taken by Abdul to cover this distance = t2

Average speed from home to school v1av = 20 km h-1

Average speed from school to home v2av = 30 km h-1

Also Time taken from Home to School t1 =S / v1av

Similarly, Time taken from School to Home t2 =S/v2av

Total distance from home to school and backward = 2 S

Total time taken from home to school and backward (T) = S/20+ S/30

Therefore, Average speed (Vav) for covering total distance (2S) = Total Dostance/Total Time

= 2S / (S/20 +S/30)

= 2S / [(30S+20S)/600]

= 1200S / 50S

= 24 kmh-1

4. A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of 3.0
m s-2 for 8.0 s. How far does the boat travel during this time?

Answer: Given Initial velocity of motorboat, u = 0

Acceleration of motorboat, a = 3.0 m s-2

Time under consideration, t = 8.0 s

Distance, s = ut + (1/2)at2

Therefore, distance travel by motorboat = 0 x 8 + (1/2)3.0 x 8 2

= (1/2) x 3 x 8 x 8 m
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= 96 m

5. A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h-1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the
opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km h-1 in another car applies his
brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for
the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?

Answer: As given in the figure below PR and SQ is the Speed-time graph for given two cars with
initial speeds 52 km/hr and 3 km/hr respectively.

Distance Travelled by first car before coming to rest =Area of Δ OPR

= (1/2) x OR x OP

= (1/2) x 5 s x 52 kmh-1

= (1/2) x 5 x (52 x 1000) / 3600) m

= (1/2) x 5x (130 / 9) m

= 325 / 9 m

= 36.11 m

Distance Travelled by second car before coming to rest =Area of Δ OSQ

= (1/2) x OQ x OS

= (1/2) x 10 s x 3 kmh-1
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= (1/2) x 10 x (3 x 1000) / 3600) m

= (1/2) x 10 x (5/6) m

= 5 x (5/6) m

= 25/6 m

= 4.16 m

6. Fig 8.11 shows the distance-time graph of three objects A, B and C. Study the graph and
answers the following questions:

a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest?

(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?

(c) How far has C travelled when B passes A?

(d)How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?

Answer:

(a) Object B

(b) No

(c) 5.714 km

(d) 5.143 km
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Therefore, Speed = slope of the graph

as slope of object B is greater than objects A and C, it is travelling the fastest.

(b) All three objects A, B and C never meet at a single point. Thus, they were never at the same
point on road.

On the distance axis:

7 small boxes = 4 km

Therefore,1 small box = 4 / 7 Km

Initially, object C is 4 blocks away from the origin.

Therefore, Initial distance of object C from origin = 16 / 7 Km

Distance of object C from origin when B passes A = 8 km

7. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of
10 m s-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?

Answer

Assume, the final velocity with which the ball will strike the ground be ‘v’and time it takes to
strike the ground be ‘t&Rsquo;
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Initial Velocity of ball, u =0

Distance or height of fall, s =20 m

Downward acceleration, a =10 m s-2

As we know, 2as =v2-u2

v2 = 2as+ u2

= 2 x 10 x 20 + 0

= 400

∴ Final velocity of ball, v = 20 ms-1

t = (v-u)/a

∴Time taken by the ball to strike = (20-0)/10

= 20/10

= 2 seconds

8. The speed-time graph for a car is shown is Fig. 8.12.

(a) Find out how far the car travels in the first 4 seconds. Shade the area on the graph that
represents the distance travelled by the car during the period.

(b) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of the car?

Answer:

The shaded area which is equal to 1 / 2 x 4 x 6 = 12 m represents the distance travelled by

the car in the first 4 s.
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(b)

The part of the graph in red color between time 6 s to 10 s represents uniform motion of the car.

10. State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these:

(a) an object with a constant acceleration but with zero velocity.

(b) An object moving in a certain direction with acceleration in the perpendicular direction.

Answer:

(a) Possible

when a ball is thrown up at maximum height, it has zero velocity, although it will have constant
acceleration due to gravity, which is equal to 9.8 m/s2.

(b) Possible

When a car is moving in a circular track, its acceleration is perpendicular to its direction.

11. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate its speed if it
takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth.

Answer:

Radius of circular orbit, r= 42250 km

Time taken to revolve around the earth, t= 24 h

Speed of a circular moving object, v= (2π r)/t

=[2× (22/7)×42250 × 1000] / (24 × 60 × 60)

=(2×22×42250×1000) / (7 ×24 × 60 × 60) m s-1

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=3073.74 m s-1