0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November

PUBLISHED 2025

Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level
descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 2 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

1 Behaviour 2
Presentation

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) So data can be read / processed by the computer 1

2(a)(ii) One from: 1

Data can be used to control devices
The actuator can only understand analogue data

2(b) One from: 1

Sensor
Microphone
Data logger

2(c) One from: 1

Actuator
Speaker
Monitor

Question Answer Marks

3 Advantages 6
Max five from:
Quicker to select options on the screen
Smaller footprint
Improved hand and eye coordination
More ergonomic
Greater reliability
Ability to use pinch and zoom
Easier to choose options on the screen

Disadvantages
Max five from:
More likely to strain the arm muscles
If screen gets dirty can reduce responsiveness
Screen can be more easily damaged as the user is pressing on the screen
If the screen gets damaged it is more difficult to use to enter data
Harder to upgrade as separate units need to be bought

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 5 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

4 Similarities 4
Max two from:
Both store data
Both are devices

Differences
Max three from:
Backing storage is permanent memory
Backing storage is read and write
Backing storage has larger capacity
Backing storage data is non-volatile only
Secondary memory

Internal memory can be directly accessed by the CPU

Internal memory tends to have faster data access
Internal memory is only solid state
Primary memory

Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) Field name 2

One from:
Model of car
Date of registration
State of car
Type of car

Reasons
One from:
Reduces errors in entering the data
Quicker to enter the data
They can only select what is in the list

5(a)(ii) Field name 2

One from, for example:
State of car
Type of car
Model of car

Reason
One from:
Only one option can be selected at a time
Easier to choose between the options
Reduces errors in entering the data
Quicker to enter the data

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 6 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

6 Two from, for example: 2

Laptop
Smartphone
Phablet
Hybrid
Tablet

Question Answer Marks

7(a) Six from: 6

RFID tags can be scanned even if they are defaced
RFID tags are scanned faster than bar codes as they are read by radio waves
RFID can be read from a distance
RFID tag does not need to be in line of sight of the reader
With RFID several tickets can be read / scanned at the same time
RFID can track visitors
More information can be stored on the RFID tag
RFID tags are more robust
More secure as barcodes can be photocopied

7(b) Four from: 4

Payment is online therefore no issues with different currencies
Tickets can be instantly sent
Tickets can be sent electronically
Bookings can take place anywhere
Bookings can be made 24/7
Many can book at the same time
Prevents double booking

Question Answer Marks

8(a) Four from: 4

Pharming is a form of Internet fraud
It is used to gain personal information
Sends the data to a hacker
A malicious code is installed onto a user‘s computer
The code redirects the user onto a fake website when the user types in the
real URL
They are redirected without the user’s knowledge

8(b) Two from: 2

Use anti-spyware
Check the URL carefully

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 8 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

9 Purpose: 3
One from:
The main section of the web page
Contains all the contents of an HTML document

Element:
Two from, for example:
Text
Hyperlinks
Images
Tables

Question Answer Marks

10(a) Benefits 4
Max three from:
Less expensive per byte
Very robust technology
Large data storage
Data transfer rate is fast

Drawbacks
Max three from:
Slow data access rate
Can be affected by magnetic fields
Not all devices support magnetic tape

10(b) Four from: 4

Switch on the computer
Go to settings
Select Bluetooth
Switch on the headphones
Click Bluetooth button on the headphones
Bring the headphones close to the computer
Click on searches for the headphones
Choose the headphones
Click connect

Question Answer Marks

11(a) Four from: 4

The email is encrypted using an encryption key
This scrambles the data
The decryption key is sent to the receiver
The encrypted email is sent
The receiver uses the decryption key to decrypt the email

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 9 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

11(b) Two from: 2

Use HTTPS
Use TLS / Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Use of cloud computing
Use FTP Secure // SFTP

Question Answer Marks

12(a) Positives 5
Max four from:
Increases the sense of security
The owner is alerted instantly if people are around the house
24/7 protection of the home
Real-time footage of intruders
The CCTV camera position can be controlled remotely
The video can be encrypted to stop others hacking the system
Video is recorded

Negatives
Max four from:
Requires a good internet / phone connection
If there are intruders, then they can only view them this could increase anxiety
Can be annoying as it continually goes off
To ensure footage is streamed smoothly, high network bandwidth is required
Camera can be hacked

12(b) Two from, for example: 2

Washing machines
Cookers
Burglar alarms
Central heating

Question Answer Marks

13(a) Two from: 2

Surgical and diagnostic aids
Tissue engineering
Creation of medical tools
Artificial blood vessels
Customised tablets
Create organs for practising on

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 10 of 11

0417/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2025

Question Answer Marks

13(b) Benefits 4
Two from:
Can produce a customised prosthetic
Can produce the prosthetic faster than physically building them
The design can be saved for later use

Drawbacks
Two from:
Initial cost of printer is high
Can take time to print the prosthetic
Errors cannot be easily corrected

Question Answer Marks

14 Two from: 2
Screen
Light
Speaker

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 11 of 11

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 0417/12

*9438505345*

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2025

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

11_0417_12_2025_1.7
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css and html are languages not layers

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1 Circle two web development layers which are used when creating a web page.

Behaviour CSS Development HTML

Operational Presentation Programming System

[2]

2 A computer system uses both an analogue to digital converter (ADC) and a digital to analogue

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converter (DAC).

(a) (i) Apart from converting data, state one other reason for using an ADC.
enabling microprocessors to read data

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Apart from converting data, state one other reason for using DAC.
enabling actuators to read data
................................................................................................................................

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................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) State one device that could be used to input data into an ADC.
sensor
........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State one device that could use the data output from a DAC.
actuator
........................................................................................................................................... [1]

ms acccepts:

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input: data logger and microphone

output: montior, speaker

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3 A student is planning to buy a new desktop computer. He could buy one with a touch screen or
one with a keyboard and mouse.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of buying a desktop computer with a touch screen
rather than one with a keyboard and mouse.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [6]

4 Compare internal memory and backing storage. Include in your answer both similarities and
differences.

backing storage holds large amt of data compared to internal memory

..................................................................................................................................................

internal memory is used to store temporary or system files wheras backoing storage can carry large
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..................................................................................................................................................
amounts of data

backing storage is permamnet memeory

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
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5 Tawara Cars manufactures and sells four models of a sports car. It uses a paper-based data capture
form to record details about these models. It is planning to set up an online data capture form. The
current form is shown.

Registration
Number:

Please tick the Model of car

Model of car: L-sport E-sport G-sport H-sport

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Date of
registration:

Sale price $

Please tick the State of car and the Type of car

State of car: New Used

Type of car: Electric Petrol LPG Hydrogen

(a) State, giving reasons for your choice, the most appropriate field name that could be used with
the following design features. Your field names must be different in each case.

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(i) Drop down list
model of car
Field name..............................................................................................................
One from:
Reduces errors in entering the data
Reason...................................................................................................................
Quicker to enter the data
They can only select what is in the list
................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Radio button

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state of car
Field name..............................................................................................................
One from:
can only chose 1 option
Reason...................................................................................................................
Reduces errors in entering the data
Quicker to enter the data
................................................................................................................................
They can only select what is in the list
[2]

(iii) Input Mask

reg number
Field name..............................................................................................................
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Reason...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
[2]

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,

(b) A robot paints cars during manufacture. The robot can be programmed by a set of instructions
typed into the computer system.

Explain one other way in which the robot could be programmed to carry out this task.
Two from:
...........................................................................................................................................
The robot arm is guided by a worker
The worker has sensors strapped to his arm, Each movement is recorded / saved
...........................................................................................................................................
Each movement is stored in the computer‘s memory as a coordinate
or

...........................................................................................................................................
Max two from:
The robot is guided using icons on a user interface , User clicks on the icons to guide it
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...........................................................................................................................................
Each movement is saved [2]

(c) Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using a robot to paint the cars.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [6]

6 Students can bring their mobile computers into school to complete their work in lessons.

State two examples of mobile computers.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
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[2]

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7 The owner of a theme park has decided to redesign the tickets for its rides. She is planning to use
either a bar code or an RFID tag on the ticket.

(a) Describe the advantages of using an RFID tag rather than a bar code.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [6]

(b) The tickets for the theme park are booked online.

Describe the characteristics of an online booking system.

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................... [4]

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8 Pharming can be a threat to data that is stored on computer systems.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term pharming.

a malicious code installed on a user's computer to redirect them to a fake website without
...........................................................................................................................................
the user's knowledge. unlike phishing, pharming is a technical attack that
...........................................................................................................................................
attacks the DNS of the computer to redirect the user to the fake website regardless.
...........................................................................................................................................
it is used to gain personal information from the user and the code sends the data back

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
to the hacker after the data has been collected

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) State two ways in which a user can attempt to prevent pharming attacks.
use antispyware
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1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
checking the URL carefully
2.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

9 A student is creating a web page using HTML. The student has coded the body section.
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State the purpose of the body section. Include in your answer two elements that could be found in
the body section.

Purpose.....................................................................................................................................
contains all content of an html document

..................................................................................................................................................
text, hyperlink, tables, images
Element 1..................................................................................................................................

Element 2..................................................................................................................................
[3]
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 ™
Cambridge IGCSE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 0417/12

*9403522689*

Paper 1 Theory May/June 2024

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

06_0417_12_2024_1.6
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 2

1 Circle two items of internal memory.

Actuator Cloud DVD Memory stick

Printer RAM ROM Sensor

[2]

2 Complete each of the following sentences which relate to health and safety issues when using ICT
equipment.

(a) Trailing leads in a computer room can cause

...........................................................................................................................................

[1]

(b) Continual typing on a keyboard can cause

...........................................................................................................................................

[1]

(c) Staring at a computer screen for long periods of time can cause

...........................................................................................................................................

[1]

(d) Spilling water onto computer equipment can cause

...........................................................................................................................................

[1]

3 Remotely logging in to a college computer system requires two-factor authentication.

(a) Explain what is meant by two-factor authentication.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6

 3

(b) State two examples of methods that could be used as part of two-factor authentication.

Security token
Example 1 .........................................................................................................................
Biometrics
GPS signal
...........................................................................................................................................
Receive/send a code you have to enter by email/SMS
Username and Password
Example 2 .........................................................................................................................
Credit card number
Phone number/email address
...........................................................................................................................................
Dongle/security app

[2]

4 Vehicles can contain microprocessor controlled devices to improve transport safety. For example
when a vehicle approaches a road speed sign the microprocessor sends an alert to the driver.

Discuss the positive and negative effects of using microprocessor controlled devices in transport
safety.
Travel becomes safer
..................................................................................................................................................
Allows the driver to concentrate more on the driving
Helps to prevent human error
..................................................................................................................................................
Keeps pedestrians and other people safe
Can avoid accidents

..................................................................................................................................................
Max five from:
Negative
Become very reliant on the technology
..................................................................................................................................................
Very costly to repair/maintain
Makes the vehicle more expensive
..................................................................................................................................................
The device/microprocessor could stop working/misread causing injuries
Error messages/alerts could distract the driver
..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

[6]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6 [Turn over

 4

5 One difference between a command line interface (CLI) and a graphical user interface (GUI) is that
a GUI takes up more memory.

(a) State two other differences between a CLI and a GUI.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) State two other types of user interface.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6

 5

6 (a) Explain what is meant by electronic conferencing.

This is a communication system
...........................................................................................................................................
A structured discussion between two or more people

This is carried out virtually/online/over the internet

...........................................................................................................................................
Involves video, web and audio

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) State, giving a reason for your choice, the hardware required to set up an electronic conference.
make sure to give reason
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6 [Turn over

 6

7 A college principal has decided that students can use mobile devices to take notes in lessons.
Some students use laptop computers whilst others use smartphones.

(a) Describe the benefits and drawbacks of using laptop computers rather than smartphones for
this purpose.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

(b) There are safety issues related to bringing laptop computers into the college. The Network
Manager has decided to produce a paper-based certificate for students to prove that their
laptop computer is safe to use.

Describe the main features that should be considered for the design of this certificate.
Text size should be easy/large enough to read
...........................................................................................................................................
Font style should be easy to read
Make good use of white space so data fills the certificate
...........................................................................................................................................
Enough space in which to enter the answers in the text boxes
Make good use of colours to make it easy to read
...........................................................................................................................................
Use an organised layout to make it easy to read
All information needs to be clearly visible

...........................................................................................................................................
Use of tick boxes to make data entry quicker/easier

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

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 7

8 (a) Explain the differences between virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) Discuss the impact of augmented reality (AR) on everyday life.

...........................................................................................................................................
useful for:
engineers, doctors, trainees,
makes shopping more intuitive by allowing wearing clothes
...........................................................................................................................................
visual cues to physical world

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
Six from:
...........................................................................................................................................
It can help people connect with others to improve communication skills
Overlays information/warnings on the display therefore leads to safer activities
Produces more efficient/engaging shopping as user could look at a product
...........................................................................................................................................
and information can be displayed
The user can try on clothing electronically so you can see what the clothes
...........................................................................................................................................
look like (on you) before buying
Used in walk through systems to give a greater experience for users
...........................................................................................................................................
Using it in (interactive) gaming could allow people to have a better experience
of the game
...........................................................................................................................................
As it is used in gaming it could lead to safety issues as the player could be
immersed in the game
...........................................................................................................................................
Could damage social relationships/skills as it removes face to face interaction
On screen information could be distracting

...........................................................................................................................................
Allows us to interact with various characters/situations in real-time but not
necessarily the real life

...........................................................................................................................................

[6]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6 [Turn over

 8

9 Explain the following components of an expert system.

(a) User interface

question asked to the expert system
...........................................................................................................................................
expert system gives an answer from this interface
...........................................................................................................................................
exchange of conversations
...........................................................................................................................................
interact with the expert system
...........................................................................................................................................
Three from:
...........................................................................................................................................
The user interface is the screen into which the user types the answer
Outputs questions for the user to answer
...........................................................................................................................................
Outputs the results to the user
Interacts/communicates with the user
Allows the expert to enter information into the knowledge base [3]

(b) Knowledge base

...........................................................................................................................................
repository of facts for a specific field

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
Three from:
...........................................................................................................................................
The knowledge base is a database of information

Collection of facts/information/rules

...........................................................................................................................................
Populated by experts

It contains the rules base

...........................................................................................................................................

[3]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6

 9

10 Cars can have sensors at the front and rear of the vehicle to detect obstacles.

Describe how the sensor detects an obstacle and sends the data to the microprocessor when
parking the car.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................
Data are sent back to the sensor
The sensors scan continually
[4]
The sensor captures the reflected data
The sensor captures analogue data
The data from the sensor is sent by the ADC

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6 [Turn over

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11 A company with many branches is implementing a new system. The manager is planning to
implement the new system either by pilot changeover or parallel running.

(a) Contrast pilot changeover and parallel running.

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[5]

(b) When the system is implemented, technical documentation is produced.

State three components that would be included in the technical documentation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
prog lang used for creation

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
Purpose of the system
Limitations of the system
Program/coding listing [3]
Program/coding language
Program flowcharts
Algorithms
System flowcharts
Hardware requirements//Software requirements
File structures
List of variables
Input format
Output format
Sample runs/test runs
Validation routines

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12 One of the risks when entering a password into a system is shoulder surfing.

(a) Explain what is meant by shoulder surfing.

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[2]

(b) Give two security improvements that could be made to reduce shoulder surfing.
Two from:

1 ........................................................................................................................................
Cover the key pad when entering the password
When entering your password in a public place, sit with your back to the
wall//Enter password when no one is nearby
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Unclick show password
Use biometrics
2 ........................................................................................................................................
Use contactless cards

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[2]

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13 When a person changes their password they are asked to verify that it has been entered correctly
by re-entering the password.

(a) State what this type of verification is called.

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[1]

(b) The keyboard used to enter the password is an input device.

Explain the differences between input and output devices.

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[4]

(c) State the direct data entry device that is used to read the following types of data.

(i)

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[1]

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(ii)

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[1]

(iii)

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[1]

(iv)

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[1]

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14 State three advantages of using solid state storage devices rather than magnetic storage devices.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

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2 ...............................................................................................................................................

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3 ...............................................................................................................................................

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[3]

15 Explain why data protection legislation is required.

Four from:
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It provides guidance/best practice rules for organisations to follow on how to
use personal data
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Regulates the processing of personal data
Protects the rights of the data subject
Helps to prevent personal data being misused by third parties
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Protects personal data

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[4]

© UCLES 2024 06_0417_12_2024_1.6