TOPIC 2: PROCESS
A. Lý thuyết
Ví dụ: The diagram below shows how orange juice is produced.
Cấu trúc chung của 1 bài process với quy trình sản xuất vẫn giống như các bài graph
1. Phần Intro
=> The process illustrates + paraphrase nội dung chính
How + sản phẩm + be + produced
The production of + sản phẩm
The process illustrates the step-by-step by which + [sản phẩm] is produced
2. Phần overview
Để viết phần overiew của một bài process quy trình ta xác định như sau:
- B1: Đếm tổng số bước của quy trình (để xác định quy trình sản xuất này có tổng số là bao nhiêu bước)
- B2: Xác định bước đầu tiên của quy trình là gì?
- B3: Xác định bước cuối cùng của quy trình là gì?
Cách 1: Overall, looking at the production of + [sản phẩm], there are a total of + [tổng số bước của
quy trình] in this [linear/cyclical] process, which commences with +[bước đầu tiên] and culminates in
+[bước cuối].
1
It is clear that the production of + [sản phẩm] requires + [tổng số bước] stages in total. The process
begins with the + [hành động đầu tiên], and finally ends up with +[bước cuối cùng].
3. Body 1+2
Chúng ta sẽ chia đôi process này.
Body 1: Viết từ đầu đến bước giữa
Body 2: Viết từ giữa đến hết
Chú ý: Với các bài process liên quan đến quá trình do con người tác động, hầu hết chúng ta sẽ chia
động từ về dạng BỊ ĐỘNG (be + V3/ed)
3.1. Các cấu trúc câu có thể hay dùng trong phần process quy trình sản xuất
Công thức 1: A + be + V3/ed
Ví dụ 2: Dứa sẽ được gọt vỏ (peeled)
The pineapples are peeled.
Nước cam được rót vào chai
Orange juice is poured/filled into bottles
Ví dụ 1: Nước ép được đóng vào hộp (packed/packaged/filled/bottled)
The juice is packed into/in the bottles/cans
Công thức 2: The process starts/continues/finishes with + N + being + V3/ed
Ví dụ 2: Quy trình tiếp tục với việc nước ép được đóng vào hộp/chai
The process continues with the juice being packaged in bottles.
Ví dụ: Quy trình kết thúc với việc dưá được vận chuyển đeén các cửa hàng
The proccess finishes with pineapples being delivering/transporting to shops/markets.
Công thức 3: A + be + … + before being + V3/ed
Ví dụ 3: Nước ép được chuyển đến nhà kho trước khi được đóng vào hộp/chai.
The juice is transported/delivered to the warehouse before being packaged in bottles/cans/cartons.
Ví dụ 4: Cá sẽ được làm sạch trước khi ngâm nước muối
=> The fish are cleaned before soaking into salt water
3.2. Các linking để kết nối các bước trong process:
2
1) The process of making/ producing + noun starts
with/
Intially
2) , and then...
3) After
4) At the + số thứ tự + stage in the process,
5) The next step is to + Verb
6) After that,
7) Following this,
Subsequently
8) The process continues with
9) Consequently,
10) Finally/ The process finishes
3
B. Bài tập
The diagram below shows how orange juice 1. Intro
is produced. The diagram below shows how orange juice is
produced.
2. Overview:
Overall, looking at the production of + orange
juice, there are a total of + 18 steps in this
linearprocess, which commences with
transporting fresh oranges and culminates in
distributing the finished product to retailer
outlets.
Overall, It is clear that the production of orange
juice requires 18 stages in total. The process
begins with the delivering fresh oranges, and
finally ends up with transporting orange juice to
shops.
Body 1:
The process starts with fresh oranges being
transported/loaded by/onto trucks to factories and
ready for next stages. The fruits are then carried
through a washing process to remove impurities and
debris. Following this, the cleaned fruits are put in a
roller before being carried to a hopper. Next, this
hopper is used to seperate waste solid from juice, and
then the waste is diverted as feed for livestocks, while
part of the fresh juice is packed and become ready-to-
drink juice for sales.
Body 2:
The other part of the juice continues to be carried by
refrigerator trucks to the evaporation system. At this
stage, extra water is removed from the juice, making it
concentrated. The process continues with this
concentrated juice being filled into cans, delivered to
the warehouse, and then mixed with cleaned water at
the factory. Finally, the mixed juice is packed into plastic
bottles and delivered it to the retail stores.
The diagram below show the process of making The process illustrates how potato chips are
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potato chips produced.
Overall, looking at the production of potato
chips, there are a total of + seven main steps in
this linear process, which commences with raw
potatoes being moved on a conveyor belt and
ending with the finished products being
packaged.
Intially, (raw) potatoes are (smoothly)
transferred on a conveyor belt to a washing and
peeling machine where cold water is used to get
rid of their skins and impurities and
debris/unwanted dirt. Following this, the
cleaned potatoes are carefully transported and
sliced using a slicer into thin pieces which called
slice. Next, the slices are moved upwards and
exposed hot air to (remove excess water)
dehydrate.
The production continues with dried slices being
cooked in a cooker/a big pot over heat (to
ensure that they are edible), after which the
cooked slices exit the cooker. Subsequently,
they are seasoned with salt using a salter to
enhance their flavor/make them more
attractive, and they are packed into uniform
bags before sealing tightly and ready for sale.
The process illustrates how olive oil is produced
Overall, looking at the production of olive oil,
there are a total of + seven main steps in this
linear process, which commences with collecting
of olive fruits (olives)and culminates in storing
the finished product.
Initally, olive fruits are harvested by hand and
before rinsing in a machine where cold water is
used to get rid of unwanted dirt. Following this,
the cleaned olives are carefully transported on a
belt to a smashing machine
Deadline: Tối T5 (trước 22h gửi lại).
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Harvesting/collecting of
Storing oil