4931_Grace college of Engineering

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CE

B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Anna University Regulation: 2021

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EE3413 – MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

LABORATORY

II Year / IV Semester

LAB MANUAL

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INDEX
Name of the Student: Dept:
Roll No: Reg No:
Lab in Charge:
S. Date Title of the Programs Pg. Date of Mark Staff Sign Date
No No Sub

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EE3413 MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LABORATORY LTPC

004 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
PROGRAMMING EXERCISES / EXPERIMENTS WITH μP8085:
[Link] arithmetic operations: addition / subtraction / multiplication / division.
2. Programming with control instructions:
(i) Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers
(ii) Programs using Rotate instructions
(iii) Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions.
3. Interface Experiments: with 8085
(i) A/D Interfacing. & D/A Interfacing.
4. Traffic light controller.
5. Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output device

PROGRAMMING EXERCISES / EXPERIMENTS WITH μC8051:

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6. Simple arithmetic operations with 8051: Multi precision addition / subtraction /
multiplication/ division.

conversions. CO
7. Programming with control instructions: Increment / Decrement, Ascending / Descending.
order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers, Rotate instructions, Hex / ASCII / BCD code

8. Interface Experiments: A/D Interfacing. D/A Interfacing. Traffic light controller

9. Stepper motor controller interface.
10. Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output device.
CE
11. Programming PIC architecture with software tools. TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

[Link]. Page
List of Experiments
No.
CYCLE I
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8085 MICROPROCESSOR PROGRAMS

1 SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
A Addition & Subtraction of two 8bit numbers 5
B Multiplication & Division of two 8bit numbers 8
2 PROGRAMMING WITH CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
A Finding maximum and minimum of ‘n’ numbers 11
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B Sorting ‘n’ numbers 13

C Programs using Rotate instructions :Hexadecimal to ASCII and vice – 15
versa
D Code Conversions: BCD to Hexadecimal and vice – versa 17
3 INTERFACING EXPERIMENTS
A Analog to Digital converter 19
B Digital to Analog converter 21
4 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER 24
5 Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output device
CYCLE II
8051 – MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMS
7 DEMONSTRATION OF BASIC INSTRUCTIONS WITH 8051
A Addition of two 8bit numbers 34 29
B Subtraction of two 8bit numbers 36 30
C Sum of Elements in an Array 37 31
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8 Programming with control instructions:

A Ascending / [Link], Maximum / Minimum of numbers, Rotate 34
instructions,
B Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions 39
9 Interface Experiments: A/D Interfacing. D/A Interfacing 42
10 Traffic light controller 45
11 Stepper motor controller interface. 49
12 Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output 53
device.

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[Link]: Date:
SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
a. ADDITION & SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the addition and subtraction
operation of two 8-bit numbers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Store the first data in one memory location and the second data in the other location. Perform
the addition or subtraction and store the result in one memory location and the carry or borrow in
other location.
ALGORITHM:
(i) 8-bit addition
1. Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0.
2. Get the first number from the corresponding memory location.

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3. Add the second number, which is in the corresponding memory location to the first number.
4. If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1.
5. Store LSBs of sum in the location.
6. Store MSBs of sum in the location.
(ii) 8-bit subtraction
1. Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0.
CO
2. Get the first number from the corresponding memory location.
3. Subtract the second number, which is in the location from the first number.
4. If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1.
5. Store LSBs of difference in the location.
CE
6. Store MSBs of difference in the location.
FLOW CHART:
Addition Subtraction
RA
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B
A

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A B

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PROGRAM TABLE: 8 bit addition

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENT
START MVI C, 00 Clear C reg.
LXI H, 4500 Initialize HL reg. to4500
RA

MOV A, M Transfer first data to accumulator

INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory Location.
ADD M Add first number to acc. Content.
JNC L1 Jump to location if result does not yield
carry.
G

INR C Increment C reg.

L1 INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory Location.
MOV M, A Transfer the result from acc. to
memory.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory Location.
MOV M, C Move carry to memory
HLT Stop the program

PROGRAM TABLE: 8 bit Subtraction

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENT
START MVI C, 00 Clear C reg.
LXI H, 4500 Initialize HL reg. to4500
MOV A, M Transfer first data to accumulator
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem.
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Location.
SUB M Subtract first number from acc.
Content.
JNC L1 Jump to location if result does not
yield borrow.
INR C Increment C reg.
CMA Complement the Acc. content
ADI 01H Add 01H to content of acc.
L1 INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem.
Location.
MOV M, A Transfer the result from acc. to
memory.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem.
Location.
MOV M, C Move carry to mem.
HLT Stop the program

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WITHOUT CARRY & BORROW: (Addition and Subtraction)
INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY DATA MEMORY DATA DATA
LOCATION LOCATION

CO
ADDITION

(SUM)

(CARRY)
SUBTRACTION

(DIFFERENCE)

(BORROW)
WITH CARRY & BORROW: (Addition and Subtraction)
CE
INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY DATA MEMORY DATA DATA
LOCATION LOCATION ADDITION SUBTRACTION

(SUM) (DIFFERENCE)
RA

(CARRY) (BORROW)
MANUAL CALCULATION:
ADDITION SUBTRACTION
G

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is LSB and MSB?
2. Give any two arithmetic instructions.
3. What is meant by ADI d8H?
4. What instruction is used to load the data in the accumulator?
5. What do you mean by carry flag?
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[Link]: Date:
b. MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the multiplication and
division operation of two 8-bit numbers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Store the first data in one memory location and the second data in the other location. Perform
the multiplication or division and store the result in one memory location and the quotient & reminder
in their corresponding locations.
ALGORITHM:
(i) Multiplication of 8-bit numbers:
1. Get the multiplier and multiplicand.
2. Initialize the product to 0.
3. Product = product + multiplier.
4. Decrement the multiplicand by 1.
5. If multiplicand is not equal to 0, repeat from step (4) otherwise store the product.

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(ii) Division of 8-bit numbers:
1. Get the dividend and divisor.
2. Initialize the quotient to 0.
3. Dividend = dividend – divisor.
4. If the divisor is greater, store the quotient.
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5. If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient + 1, then repeat from step (4).

PROGRAM TABLE: 8 bit Multiplication

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENT
CE
START LXI H, 4500 Initialize HL reg. to 4500
MOV B, M Transfer first data to reg. B
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem. Location.
MVI A, 00H Clear the acc.
MVI C, 00H Clear C reg for carry
L1 ADD M Add multiplicand multiple times.
RA

JNC NEXT Jump to NEXT if there is no carry

INR C Increment C reg
NEXT DCR B Decrement B reg
JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if B is not zero.
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INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem. Location.

MOV M, A Transfer the result from acc. to memory.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem. Location.
MOV M, C Transfer the result from C reg. to memory.
HLT Stop the program
PROGRAM TABLE: 8 bit Division
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
MVI B,00 Clear B reg for quotient
LXI H,4500 Initialize HL reg. to4500H
MOV A,M Transfer dividend to acc.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem.
Location.
LOOP SUB M Subtract divisor from dividend
INR B Increment B reg
JNC LOOP Jump to LOOP if result does not yield borrow
ADD M Add divisor to acc.

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DCR B Decrement B reg

INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem. Location.
MOV M,A Transfer the remainder from acc. to memory.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next mem. Location.
MOV M,B Transfer the quotient from B reg. to memory.
HLT Stop the program
FLOWCHART:

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

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MULTIPLICATION:

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INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY DATA MEMORY DATA
LOCATION

DIVISION:
MULTIPLICAND

MULTIPLIER
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LOCATION

PRODUCT LOWER BYTE

PRODUCT HIGHER BYTE

INPUT OUTPUT
CE
MEMORY DATA MEMORY DATA
LOCATION LOCATION

DIVIDEND REMAINDER

DIVISOR QUOTIENT
RA

MANUAL CALCULATION:
MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
G

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Write arithmetic instructions for multiplication and division.
2. Which are the instructions that affect the carry flag?
3. What is the use of DAD instruction?
4. The bit position of parity flag in 8085 flag register is what?
5. How many & what are the machine cycles needed for execution of MOV A, M?
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Ex. No: Date:

PROGRAMMING WITH CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
a. FINDING MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM OF ‘n’ NUMBERS
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to find the maximum and minimum of ‘n’
numbers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of numbers given in various memory locations. From that the minimum and
maximum numbers is found.
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize the count to the length of the array and get the first data.
2. Initialize the first data to be a largest (smallest).
3. Decrement the count and get the next data.
4. If the first data is larger (smaller) than the next data, put max = largest (min = smallest), else max
= next data (min = next data).

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5. Decrement count and if count is not zero, repeat from step (4), otherwise store the max (min).
FLOWCHART:
MAXIMUM OF ‘n’ NUMBER MINIMUM OF ‘n’ NUMBER

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PROGRAM TABLE: Maximum of ‘n’ numbers

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
LXI H,4100 Initialize HL reg. to4100H
MVI B,04 Initialize B reg with no. of
comparisons(n-1)
MOV A,M Transfer first data to acc.
LOOP1 INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory location
CMP M Compare M & A
JNC LOOP If A is greater than M then go to loop
MOV A,M Transfer data from M to A reg
LOOP DCR B Decrement B reg
JNZ LOOP1 If B is not Zero go to loop1
STA 4105 Store the result in a memory location.
HLT Stop the program
PROGRAM TABLE: Minimum of ‘n’ numbers
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

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LXI H,4100 Initialize HL reg. to 4100H
MVI B,04 Initialize B reg with no. of

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comparisons(n-1)
MOV A,M Transfer first data to acc.
LOOP1 INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory location
CMP M Compare M & A
JC LOOP If A is lesser than M then go to loop
MOV A,M Transfer data from M to A reg
CE
LOOP DCR B Decrement B reg
JNZ LOOP1 If B is not Zero go to loop1
STA 4105 Store the result in a memory location.
HLT Stop the program
RA

INPUT OUTPUT

MEMORY DATA MEMORY MAXIMUM

LOCATION LOCATION NUMBER
G

MEMORY MAXIMUM
LOCATION NUMBER

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is the purpose of branch instructions in 8085 microprocessor?
2. Name 5 different addressing modes?
3. What are the various flags used in 8085?
4. Auxiliary carry is usually used when _____________________
5. When XCHG command will be used?
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[Link]: Date:
b. SORTING ‘n’ NUMBERS
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to arrange a given array in ascending and
descending order.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of numbers given in various memory locations. From that the numbers are arranged
in descending and ascending order within these locations.
FLOWCHART:
ASCENDING ORDER DESCENDING ORDER

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ALGORITHM:
(i) Sorting in ascending order:
1. Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
2. Get the first two numbers.

4. Decrement C2. CO
3. Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending order.

5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.
6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.
(ii) Sorting in descending order:
1. Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
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2. Get the first two numbers.
3. ompare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in descending order.
4. Decrement C2.
5. Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.
6. Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.
RA

PROGRAM TABLE: Ascending order

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
MVI B,04 Initialize B reg with number of
comparisons (n-1)
LOOP 3 LXI H,4100 Initialize HL reg. to4100H
MVI C,04 Initialize C reg with no. of
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comparisons(n-1)
LOOP2 MOV A,M Transfer first data to acc.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory location
CMP M Compare M & A
JC LOOP1 If A is less than M then go to loop1
MOV D,M Transfer data from M to D reg
MOV M,A Transfer data from acc to M
DCX H Decrement HL pair
MOV M,D Transfer data from D to M
INX H Increment HL pair
LOOP1 DCR C Decrement C reg
JNZ LOOP2 If C is not zero go to loop2
DCR B Decrement B reg
JNZ LOOP3 If B is not Zero go to loop3
HLT Stop the program
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PROGRAM TABLE: Descending order

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
MVI B,04
Initialize B reg with number of
comparisons (n-1)
LOOP 3 LXI H,4100 Initialize HL reg. to 4100H
MVI C,04 Initialize C reg with no. of
comparisons(n-1)
LOOP2 MOV A,M Transfer first data to acc.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next
memory location
CMP M Compare M & A
JNC LOOP1 If A is greater than M then go to loop1
MOV D,M Transfer data from M to D reg
MOV M,A Transfer data from acc to M
DCX H Decrement HL pair
MOV M,D Transfer data from D to M
INX H Increment HL pair

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LOOP1 DCR C Decrement C reg
JNZ LOOP2 If C is not zero go to loop2

INPUT
MEMORY
DCR
JNZ
HLT
ASCENDING ORDER
OUTPUT
DATA MEMORY
B
LOOP3

DATA MEMORY
INPUT
CO
Decrement B reg
If B is not Zero go to loop3
Stop the program
DESCENDING ORDER

DATA MEMORY
OUTPUT
DATA
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION
CE

RESULT:
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REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is the addressing mode used in instruction MOV M, C?
2. Which interrupt has the lowest priority?
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3. When temporary registers are used?

4. Why does microprocessor contain ROM chip?
[Link] interrupt has highest priority?

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[Link]: Date:
c. CONVERSION OF HEXADECIMAL TO ASCII AND VICE VERSA
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing conversion of Hexadecimal
to ASCII and vice-versa.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
a) A Hexadecimal number is stored in the memory location. Convert the number into a ASCII
number and store the result in the memory locations.
b) An ASCII number is stored in the memory location. Convert the number into hex number and
store the result in the memory location
ALGORITHM:
a) Conversion of Hexadecimal to ASCII.
1. Get the data byte from the memory location to the accumulator.
2. Shift the higher order nibble to lower order nibble.
3. Call conversion subroutine.
4. Retrieve the byte again and repeat the conversion process for lower order nibble.

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Subroutine
1. Mask higher order nibble and compare with 0AH.

from A to F.
3. Return to calling program.
b) Conversion of ASCII to Hexadecimal.
1. Get the first ASCII code.
2. Call the conversion subroutine.
3. Save as higher order nibble.
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2. If the digit is less than 10, add base number 30H,otherwise add 37H to obtain code for digits

4. Get the second ASCII code.

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5. Save as lower order nibble.
6. Combine the higher order and lower order nibble and store that number.
Subroutine
1. Subtract base number 30H.
2. If the number is between 0 & 9, return to calling program; otherwise subtract 07H to find the
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number between A & F and return to calling program.

FLOW CHART

Hexadecimal to ASCII Hexadecimal to ASCII

Start
G

Start

Get the input

NO
If
A=A+07
Separate the lower and upper nibble A>0A

YES
Go to subroutine A=A+30

Store the ASCII code Return

16 Stop
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PROGRAM TABLE: Hexadecimal to ASCII

Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments

LDA 4500 Load the Accumulator Data 4500 to A data

MOV B,A Move the data from A to B
ANI 0F Mask upper nibble
CALL SUB1 Get ASCII code for upper nibble
STA 4201 Store the value
MOV A,B Move data from B to A
ANI F0 Mask lower nibble
RLC Rotate left with carry
RLC Rotate left with carry
RLC Rotate left with carry
RLC Rotate left with carry
CALL SUB1 Get ASCII code for lower

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STA 4502 Store the result
HLT

SUB 1

SKIP ADI
RET
CPI
JC
ADI

30
0A
SKIP
07 CO
Compare Data in A with 0A
Jump if carry is less than zero to SKIP
Add the 07 value with accumulator

Add the 30 value with accumulator

Return
PROGRAM TABLE: ASCII to HEXADECIMAL
CE
Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments
LDA 4500 Get ASCII Data
SUI 30
CPI 0A
RA

JC SKIP
SUI 07
SKIP STA 4501 Store Hexa value
HLT
Hexadecimal to ASCII ASCII to Hexadecimal
HEX TO ASCII ASCII TO HEX
G

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

MEMORY MEMORY MEMORY DATA MEMORY DATA
DATA DATA
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION

(ASCII) (ASCII)

(HEX) (ASCII) (ASCII) (HEX)

MANUAL CALCULATION:

RESULT:

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REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is the ASCII value of 0?
2. What comparison is done for HEX to ASCII conversion?
3. What is the use of CMP instruction?
4. What is RLC?
5. What is RAR?

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[Link]: Date:
d. CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL
AND VICE – VERSA
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing conversion of BCD to
Hexadecimal and vice-versa.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
a) A BCD number is stored in the memory location. Convert the number into a hexadecimal
number and store the result in the memory location.
b) A hexadecimal number is stored in the memory location. Convert the number into BCD
number and store the result in the memory location.
ALGORITHM:
a) Conversion of BCD to Hexadecimal.
1. Separate an 8-bit packed BCD number into two 4-bit unpacked BCD digits: MSD and LSD.

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2. Multiply MSD by 10 and add with LSD.
3. Get the data and rotate it right four times.
4. Perfom the EX-OR operation and multiply with [Link] the count and if no zero
repeat the operation.
b) Conversion of Hexadecimal to BCD.
1. Get Hex data as input. CO
2. If the number is less than 100 and check whether the number is less than 10, otherwise
divide by 100(64H) or subtract 100 repeatedly until the remainder is less than [Link]
quotient is the most significant BCD digit BCD3.
3. If the number is less than 10(0AH), store the number as BCD1, otherwise divide by 10
CE
repeatedly until the remainder is less than [Link] quotient is BCD2.
PROGRAM TABLE:
BCD to HEXADECIMAL
Address Opcode Operand Comments
LXI H,4150
RA

MOV A,M Initialize memory pointer

ADD A MSDX2
MOV B,A StoreMSDX2
ADD A MSDX4
ADD A MSDX8
ADD B MSDX10
G

INX H Point to LSD

ADD M Add to form HEX
INX H
MOV M,A Store the result
HLT

HEXADECIMAL to BCD
Address Label Opcode Operand Comments
LXI H,4150 Initialize memory pointer
MVI D,00 Clear D: reg for MSB
XRA A Clear Accumulator
MOV C,M Get HEX data
LOOP2 ADI 01 Count the number one by one
DAA Adjust for BCD count
JNC LOOP1
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INR D
LOOP1 DCR C
JNZ LOOP2
STA 4151 Store the Least Significant Byte
MOV A,D
STA 4152 Store the Most Significant Byte
HLT

FLOWCHART
BCD to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to BCD

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CO
CE

BCD TO HEX HEX TO BCD

RA

INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT

Memory Data Memory Data Memory Data Memory Data
location location location location

(ones)
G

(BCD) (HEX) (Tens)

(Hundreds)
MANUAL CALCULATION:

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Compare Stack & RAM.
2. Explain DAA instruction.
3. Give the difference between PUSH & POP.
4. What are the machine cycles in NOP?
5. Give the difference between RET & End statement.

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[Link]: Date:
INTERFACING EXPERIMENTS
a. INTERFACING ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a digital signal using an ADC
interfacing.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
2. ADC Interface board - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program starts from a memory location. The program is executed for various values of
analog voltage which are set with the help of a potentiometer. The LED display is verified with the
digital value that is stored in the memory location.

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THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC when to start

converted digital data at RAM location.

ALGORITHM:
1. Select the channel and latch the address.
2. Send the start conversion pulse.
CO
the conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is complete. The following
program initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin of ADC 0809 as to whether the
conversion is over and then inputs the data to the processor. It also instructs the processor to store the

3. Read EOC signal.

CE
4. If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (3).
5. Read the digital [Link] it in a memory location.
PROGRAM TABLE :Analog to Digital Converter

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

RA

MVI A,10 Transfer 10 to A reg

OUT C8 Send through output port
MVI A,18
OUT C8 Send through output port
MVI A,10
OUT D0 Send through output port
G

XRA A
XRA A
XRA A
MVI A,00 Initialise A reg
OUT D0 Send through output port
LOOP IN D8 Send through input port
ANI 01
CPI 01
JNZ LOOP Jump if not zero to LOOP
IN C0 Send through input port
STA 4150
HLT Stop the program

FLOWCHART

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OUTPUT :
ANALOG DIGITAL DATA ON HEX CODE IN
VOLTAGE

RESULT:
LED DISPLAY

STOP CO
LOCATION
CE
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is a serial interface?
2. What are SOC and EOC?
[Link] is the technique used for ADC?
4. What is the clock frequency of ADC?
RA

5. What are the applications of ADC?

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[Link]: Date:
b. INTERFACING DIGITAL – TO – ANALOG CONVERTER
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for digital to analog conversion
a. To convert digital inputs into analog outputs using DAC.
b. To generate different types of waveforms using DAC.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
2. DAC Interface board - 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
a. The program starts from a memory location, where the input data is available. The output is
measured at pin numbers 13 and 26 of DAC chip.
b. The program starts from a memory location. The digital value is given in the memory locations.

E
The output is sent to the output ports. The waveforms are measured at the output ports using CRO.
THEORY:
Since DAC 0800 is an 8 bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between –5V and +5V. The

CO
output voltage varies in steps of 10/256 = 0.04 (approximately). The digital data input and the
corresponding output voltages are presented in the table. The basic idea behind the generation of
waveforms is the continuous generation of analog output of DAC. With 00 (Hex) as input to DAC2
the analog output is –5V. Similarly with FF H as input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00
and FF at regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude 5V. Output digital data
from 00 to FF in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this sequence again and again. As a result a
saw-tooth wave will be generated at DAC2 output. Output digital data from 00 to FF in constant steps
CE
of 01 to DAC2. Output digital data from FF to 00 in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this
sequence again and again. As a result a triangular wave will be generated at DAC2 output.
ALGORITHM:
SQUARE WAVEFORM:
1. Send low value (00) to the DAC.
RA

2. Introduce suitable delay.

3. Send high value to [Link] delay.
4. Repeat the above steps.
SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM:
1. Load low value (00) to accumulator.
2. Send this value to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator.
G

4. Repeat step (2) and (3) until accumulator value reaches FF.
5. Repeat the above steps.
TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM:
1. Load the low value (00) in accumulator.
2. Send this accumulator content to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator.
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 until the accumulator reaches FF, decrement the accumulator and send the
accumulator contents to DAC.
5. Repeat the above steps.
FLOWCHART:

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SQUARE WAVEFORM MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE

Start
Start
Initialize the Accumulator, Send
Send the digital Value
Accumulator Content to DAC
toAccumulator

Delay Transfer the

AccumulatorContents to DAC

Load the Acc. with Max

Read the
Value, Send Acc. Content to
CorrespondingAnalog Value

Delay
Stop

E
SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM

Start

Initialize CO Start

Initialize

Send Accumulator Send Accumulator

CE
content to DAC content to DAC

Increment Increment
Accumulator Accumulator
RA

YES
NO YES
Is Acc ≤ FF Is Acc ≤ FF

NO
G

Decrement
Accumulator

Send Accumulator
content to DAC

YES NO
Is Acc ≤ 00

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PROGRAM TABLE: Square Wave

ADDRESS LABEL
START MNEMONICS
MVI OPERAND
A,00 Initialize ACOMMENTS
register
OUT C0 Write count to register
CALL DELAY
MVI A,FF Initialize FF to A reg
OUT C0 Write count to register
CALL DELAY
JMP START Jump to START
DELAY MVI B,05 Initialize 05 to B reg
L1 MVI C,FF Initialize FF to C reg
L2 DCR C Decrement C reg
JNZ L2 If C is not zero go to L2
DCR B Decrement B reg
JNZ L1 If B is not zero go to L1
RET
PROGRAM TABLE: Triangular Wave

E
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
START MVI L,00 Initialize L register
L1

L2
MOV
OUT
INR
JNZ
MVI
MOV
CO
A,L
C0
L
L1
L,FF
A,L
Transfer data in L reg to A Reg
Write count to register
Increment A reg
If A is not zero go to L1
Initialize L reg to FF
Transfer data in L reg to A Reg
OUT C0 Write count to register
CE
DCR L Decrement L reg
JNZ L2 If L is not zero go to L2
JMP START Jump to START
PROGRAM TABLE: Saw tooth Wave
RA

LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

START MVI A,00 Initialize A register
L1 OUT C0 Write count to register
INR A Increment A reg
JNZ L1 If A is not zero go to L1
G

JMP START Jump to START

OUTPUT WAVEFORM GENERATION

WAVEFORM AMPLITUDE(V) TIMEPERIOD(S)

Square
Waveform
Saw-tooth
waveform
Triangular
waveform

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MODEL GRAPH:
Square Waveform Saw-tooth Waveform

Triangular waveform

E
RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. How many control lines does DAC has?
2. What is a parallel interface?
3. What are the applications of DAC & ADC ?
4. What is the technique used in DAC?
CO
5. What is the clock frequency of DAC?
CE
RA
G

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[Link]: Date:
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to simulate the traffic lights at an intersection using a
traffic light interface.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microprocessor kit 8085 Vi Microsystems 1
2. Power Supply +5 V dc, +12 V dc 1
3. Traffic light interface kit. Vi Microsystems 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program starts from memory location [Link] input data should be available from 5000H
to [Link] output is displayed in traffic light interface kit.
ALGORITHM:
1. Initialise the ports.
2. Initialise the memory content, with some address to the data.
3. Read data for each sequence from the memory and display it through the ports.

E
4. After completing all the sequences, repeat from step2.
A SAMPLE SEQUENCE:
1.(a) Vechicles from south can go straight or left.

(d) Vechicles from east no movement. CO

(b) Vechicles from west can cross the road.
(c) Each pedestrians can cross the road.

(e) Vechicles from north, can go only straight.

2. All ambers are ON, inidcating the change of sequence.
3. (a) Vechicles from east can go straight and left.
(b) Vechicles from south, can go only left.
CE
(c) North pedestrians can cross the road.
(d) Vechicles from north, no movement.
(e) Vechicles from west, can go only straight.
4. All ambers are ON, inidcating the change of sequence.
5. (a) Vechicles from north can go straight and left.
(b) Vechicles from east, can go only left.
RA

(c) West pedestrians can cross the road.

(d) Vechicles from west, no movement.
(e) Vechicles from south, can go only straight.
6. All ambers are ON, inidcating the change of sequence.
7. a) Vechicles from west can go straight and left.
b) Vechicles from north, can go only left.
G

c) South pedestrians can cross the road.

d) Vechicles from south, no movement.
e) Vechicles from east, can go only straight.
8. All ambers are ON, inidcating the change of sequence.
9. a) All Vechicles from all directions no movement.
b) All pedestrains can cross the road.
BIT ALLOCATION:

BIT LED BIT LED BIT LED

PA0 SOUTH LEFT PB0 NORTH LEFT PC0 WEST STRAIGHT
PA1 SOUTH RIGHT PB1 NORTH RIGHT PC1 NORTH STRAIGHT
PA2 SOUTH AMBER PN2 NORTH AMBER PC2 EAST STRAIGHT
PA3 SOUTH RED PB3 NORTH RED PC3 SOUTH STRAIGHT
PA4 EAST LEFT PB4 WEST LEFT PC4 NORTH PD
PA5 EAST RIGHT PB5 WEST RIGHT PC5 WEST PD
PA6 EAST AMBER PB6 WEST AMBER PC6 SOUTH PD
PA7 EAST RED PB7 WEST RED PC7 EAST PD
TRAFFIC CONTROL DIAGRAM:
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E
CONTRL
PORT A
EQU
EQU
0F
0C
CO
PORTB EQU 0B
CE
PORTC EQU 0E
PROGRAM TABLE
Address Label Mnemonic Operands
START LXI H,DATA
MVI C,0C
RA

MOV A,M
OUT CONTRL
INX H
LOOP1 MOV A,M
OUT PORT A
INX H
G

MOV A,M
OUT PORT B
CALL DELAY
INX H
DCR C
JNZ LOOP1
JMP START
DELAY PUSH B
MVI C,05
LOOP3 LXI D,FFFF
LOOP2 DCX D
MOV A,D
ORA E
JNZ LOOP2
DCR C
JNZ L
POP B
RET
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ORG 4500
4500 80,1A,A1,64
4504 A4,81,5A,64
4508 54,8A,B1,A8
450C BA,88,DA,68
4510 D8,1A,E8,46
4514 E8,83,78,86,74
4519 END

RESULT:

E
REVIEW QUESTION:
1. List the software and hardware interrupts of 8085?
2. How clock signals are generated in 8085 and what is the frequency of the internal clock?

4. What is subroutine program?

CO
3. What are the ports used in traffic light controller interface?

5. List the various peripheral devices used in traffic light controller interfacing.
CE
RA
G

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[Link]: Date:
INTERFACING EXPERIMENTS
a. INTERFACING USART 8251
AIM:
To study interfacing technique of 8251 (USART) with microprocessor 8085 and write an
8085 ALP to transmit and receive data between two serial ports with RS232 cable.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 2
2. RS232 Cable - 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program starts from the memory location [Link] input data is given at location 4500H and
the same is received at the receiver side location 4500H.
THEORY:
The 8251 is used as a peripheral device for serial communication and is programmed by the
CPU to operate using virtually any serial data transmission technique. The USART accepts data
characters from the CPU in parallel format and then converts them into a continuous serial data
stream for transmission. Simultaneously, it can receive serial data streams and convert them into

E
parallel data characters from the CPU. The CPU can read the status of the USART at any time. These
include data transmission errors and control signals. The control signals define the complete

CO
functional definition of the 8251. Control words should be written into the control register of
[Link] control words are split into two formats: 1) Mode instruction word & 2) Command
instruction word. Status word format is used to examine the error during functional operation.
CE
RA
G

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E
CO
CE
RA
G

ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize 8253 and 8251 to check the transmission and reception of a character.
2. Initialize 8253 to give an output of 150 KHz at channel 0 which will give a 9600 baud rate of 8251.
3. The command word and mode word is written to the 8251 to set up for subsequent operations.
4. The status word is read from the 8251 on completion of a serial I/O operation or when the host
CPU is checking the status of the device before starting the next I/O operation.

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FLOW CHART:
TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

Start

Check TX/RX Ready

No

Is it High

YES

Write Data into data

register

E
Stop

PROGRAM TABLE: Transmitter Program

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND
START LXI
MVI
OUT
H,4500
A,36
07
CO COMMENTS

Load the accumulator with data 36

Get the output
MVI A,40 Load the accumulator with data 40
CE
OUT 04 Get the output
MVI A,01 Load the accumulator with data 01
OUT 04 Get the output
L2 MVI C,05 Load the data 05 to register
L1 IN 09 File data transfer
RA

ANI 04 AND the data

JZ L1 Jump to L1
MOV A,M Move the data from memory to
OUT 08 accumulator
Get the output
INX H Increment the register
CPI 3F Compare the data with accumulator content
G

JNZ L2 Jump to L2 if 3F not equal to accumulator

DCR C data
Decrement C
JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if C not equal to zero
RST 1
PROGRAM TABLE: Receiver program
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
LXI H,4600 Initialise H register to 4600
MVI A,36 Load the accumulator with data 36
OUT 07 Get the output
MVI A,40 Load the accumulator with data 40
OUT 04 Get the output
MVI A,01 Load the accumulator with data 01
OUT 04 Get the output
L2 MVI C,05 Load the data 05 to register
L1 IN 09 Get the output
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ANI 02 AND the data

JZ L1 Jump to L1
IN 08 Get input value
MOV M,A Move the accumulator data to
INX H register the register
Increment
CPI 3F Compare the data with
JNZ L2 accumulator
Jump to L2 ifcontent
3F not equal to
DCR C accumulator
Decrement C data
JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if C not equal to zero
RST 1
OUTPUT
Memory Location Input Data Output Data

E
RESULT:
CO
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
CE
1 .What is USART?
2. Is 8251 is memory mapped or I/O mapped?
3. What is serial communication?
4. What is baud rate?
5. What are the interrupt signals used between 8251 and processor?
RA
G

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[Link]: Date:
PROGRAMMING PRACTICES WITH SIMULATORS/
EMULATORS/OPEN SOURCE
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division operation of 8-bit numbers using 8085 simulation tool.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
System With 8086 simulation tool.
ALGORITHM:
16-bit addition
1. Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0
2. Get the first data in a register pair.
3. Get the second data in a register pair.
4. Add the contents of both the register pairs.
5. If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1.

E
6. Store LSBs of sum.
7. Store MSBs of sum.
FLOWCHART:

Start

Get augend &

addend
CO
CE
Add augend & addend

Store the sum

RA

Stop

PROGRAM TABLE :16 Bit Additions (Direct Addressing)

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENT

G

START MVI C, 00 Clear C reg.

LXI H, 4500 Initialize HL reg. to4500
MOV A, M Transfer first data to accumulator
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next memory
Location.
ADD M Add first number to acc. Content.
JNC L1 Jump to location if result does not yield
carry.
INR C Increment C reg.
L1 INX H Increment HL reg. to point next memory
Location.
MOV M, A Transfer the result from acc. to memory.
INX H Increment HL reg. to point next memory
Location.
MOV M, C Move carry to memory
HLT Stop the program
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OUTPUT:
Memory Input Memory Output
Location Data Location Data

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Differentiate between 8085 and 8086 processor?
2. Give some examples for 16-bit processors.
3. What are the functional blocks of 8086 processor?
4. What is an assembler and what type of assembler is used in 8086 based systems?
5. Compare the bus status of 8085 & 8086 during instruction execution?

E
CO
CE
RA
G

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[Link]: Date:
b. INTERFACING PROGRAMMABLE KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY CONTROLLER- 8279
AIM:
To Write an ALP in 8085 to display the rolling message “HELP US “.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8085 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program starts from memory location 4100H. The input data is available at 4500H. The output is
displayed in 8279-interface kit.
Theory:
The 8279 interfaces a matrix keyboard and a multiplexed display of microprocessor. It has two
segments keyboard and display. It has 8 byte FIFO RAM to store key codes and has a 16 character
display. using this,64 contact key matrix can be interfaced with shift and control keys.
1. Display Mode Setup:Control word-10 H

E
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0
DD
0 0 D

00- 8Bit character display left entry

10- 8Bit character display right entry
KKK- Key Board Mode

2. Clear Display:Control word-DC H

D

CO K K

01- 16Bit character display left entry

11- 16Bit character display right entry
000-2Key lockout.
K

1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
CE
1 1 0 CD CD CD CF CA
RA

1-Enables Clear display

1-FIFO Status is cleared

1-Clear all bits
G

3. Write Display: Control word-90H

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 AI A A A

Auto increment = 1, the row address selected will be

incremented after each of read and write operation of
the display RAM. Selects one of the 16 rows of display.

4. Read a Key:
0 0 E E E X X X

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CNTL SHIFT

Indicates the column in

Which the key was found
Intiates the row in
Which the key was found.

5. Read FIFO:Control word: 40H

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 AI x A A A

FLOW CHART:

E
CO
CE
RA
G

ALGORITHM:
(i) Display of rolling message “HELP US “
1. Initialize the counter.
2. Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry.
3. Set 8279 for clearing the display.
4. Write the command to display.
5. Load the character into accumulator and display it.
[Link] the [Link] the above steps.
(ii) Accepting a key and to display it
1. Initialize the counter.
2. Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry.
3. Set 8279 for clearing the display.
4. Write the command to display.
[Link] in the character and load it into the accumulator. Repeat the above steps.
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PROGRAM TABLE:
ORG 4100
CNT EQU C2
DAT EQU C0
POINTER EQU 412C

Label Mnemonic Operands Comments

Address START LXI H,POINTER Set pointer =412C
MVI D,0F Initialize counter
MVI A,10H
OUT CNT Set mode and display
MVI A,0CCH Clear Display
OUT CNT

E
MVI A,90H Write Display

LOOP MOV
OUT

OUT
CALL
INX
CNT
A,M
DAT
DELAY
H
CO Increment the pointer
CE
DCR D Decrement the counter
JNZ LOOP Jump if non zero to display
JMP START the next character
DELAY MVI B,0A0H
RA

LOOP1 MVI C,0FFH

LOOP2 DCR C
JNZ LOOP2
DCR B
G

JNZ LOOP1
RET

INPUT DATA:
MEMORY 7-SEGMENT LED FORMAT HEX DATA
LOCATION
D c b a dp e g f

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E
RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What is the clock frequency of 8279?
2. Which is used as DMA CONTROLLER?
3. What are level-triggering interrupt in 8085?
CO
4. Which one is raising edge-triggering interrupt in 8085?
5 .How do you represent a. seven segment display?
CE
RA
G

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8051 MICROCONTROLLER

[Link]: Date:
DEMONSTRATION OF BASIC INSTRUCTIONS
a. 8 BIT ADDITION
AIM:
To write an ALP for performing the addition of two 8-bit numbers using 8051microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microcontroller kit 8051 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Store the first data in one memory location and the second data in the other location. Perform
the addition and store the result in one memory location and the carry in other location.
THEORY:
8051 consists of Accumulator (ACC)
 B Register
 Stack Pointer (SP)

E
 Program Counter (PC)
 Program Status Word (PSW)
 Data pointer Register (DPTR)
 8 – bit registers
ACCUMULATOR:
CO
It is a 8-bit register. It is usually referred as A. It is very important register to store the result of data
operations of Arithmetic and Logical operations. It is also used for data transfer between the device &
external memory.
B-REGISTER:
It is used for multiplication & division operations. At the time of execution, it keeps one of the 2
CE
inputs and the portion of the result is retained in the register.
STACK POINTER (SP):
It is an 8-bit register. Generally stack pointer is initialized to RAM address 07H after a rest. It is
automatically incremented (or) decremented for PUSH, POP instructions.
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU):
It is used to perform arithmetic and logical instructions such as addition, AND, bit operations etc.,
RA

PROGRAM STATUS WORD (PSW)

It is a 8-bit register. After execution of AL operation, it gives the result states.
DATA POINTER REGISTER (DPTR):
It is a 16-bit register. It can also used to as two numbers of 8-bit registers. It is used to fetch any 8-bit
data from the data memory space.
ALGORITHM:
G

1. Clear the carry flag.

2. Load accumulator A with any desired 8-bit data.
3. Load the register R 0 with the second 8- bit data.
4. Add the R 0 content with A Register content.
5. Store the result in A Register.
PROGRAM TABLE:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
CLR C Clear the PSW
MOV A,# data1 Load 1st number in the accumulator
ADDC A,# data2 Add the two numbers
MOV DPTR,#4500 Load destination address in the DPTR
MOVX @ DPTR, A Store sum in destination address
L1 SJMP L1 Terminate the program

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FLOW CHART:
8 BIT ADDITION

Start

Get augend &

addend

Add augend & addend

Store the sum

E
Stop

ADDITION:

MEMORY
INPUT

LOCATION
DATA MEMORY
LOCATION

(SUM)
CO
OUTPUT
DATA
CE
(CARRY)

RESULT:
RA
G

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[Link]: Date:
b. 8 BIT SUBTRACTION
AIM:
To write an ALP for performing the subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using
8051microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microcontroller kit 8051 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Store the first data in one memory location and the second data in the other location. Perform the
subtraction and store the result in one memory location and borrow in other location.
ALGORITHM:
1. Clear the carry flag.
2. Initialize the register for borrow.
3. Get the first operand into the accumulator.
4. Subtract the second operand from the accumulator.
5. If a borrow results, then increment the carry register.

E
6. Store the result in memory.
FLOWCHART

Start
CO
Get subtrahend&
minuend
CE

Subtract minuend from

RA

subtrahend

Store the
difference
G

Stop

PROGRAM TABLE:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS
CLR C Clear the PSW
MOV A,# data1 Load 1st number in accumulator
SUBB A,# data2 Subtract data1 from data2
MOV DPTR,#4500 Load destination address in
DPTR
MOVX @ DPTR, A Store difference
L1 SJMP L1 Terminate the program
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MANUAL CALCULATION

SUBTRACTION:
INPUT OUTPUT
MEMORY DATA MEMORY LOCATION DATA
LOCATION

(DIFFERENCE)

(BORROW)
RESULT:

E
REVIEW QUESTIONS: (8 bit addition and subtraction)
1. What is the difference between microprocessor & microcontroller?
2. How many bits are 8051 microcontroller?
3. What is the use of DPTR?
4. Give one example of arithmetic instruction.
5. What is ADD A,R0?
CO
CE
RA
G

Ex. No: Date:

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c. SUM OF ELEMENTS IN AN ARRAY

AIM:
To write an ALP to find sum of elements in an array using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1. Microprocessor kit 8051 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
To find the sum of elements in an array where input is stored from the memory location
4200H and final output is stored in 4500H.
ALGORITHM:
1. Load the array in consecutive memory location and initialize the memory pointer with
the starting address.
2. Load the total number of elements in a separate register as a counter.
3. Clear the accumulator.
4. Load the other register with value of memory pointer
5. Add the register with the accumulator.
6. Check for carry, if exist, increment the carry register by 1. Otherwise continue.

E
7. Decrement the counter and if it reaches 0, stop. Otherwise increment the memory
pointer by1 and go to step 4.

PROGRAM TABLE
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS
MOV
CO
OPERAND
DPTR,#4200
COMMENTS
Load DPTR with the count
value.
MOVX A,@DPTR Move the DPTR value to the
CE
accumulator.
MOV R0,A Move the accumulator value to
R0 register.
MOV B,#00 Clear the B register.
MOV R1,B Move the B value to R1 register.
RA

INC DPTR Increment DPTR to get the

number
LOOP2 CLR C Clear the C register
MOVX A,@DPTR Move the DPTR value to the
accumulator.
G

ADD A,B Add the accumulator contents

with B register.
MOV B,A Move the accumulator to B
register.
JNC LOOP Check register and jump to loop
INC R1 on no carry.R1
Increment
LOOP INC DPTR Increment DPTR
DJNZ R0,LOOP2 Decrement R0 register value and
jump to loop2 on non zero.
MOV DPTR,#4500 Load DPTR with the output
MOV A,R1 Move R1 register to accumulator
MOVX @DPTR,A Move accumulator to DPTR
INC DPTR Increment DPTR

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MOV A,B Move B register to accumulator.

MOVX @DPTR,A Move accumulator to DPTR
SJMP H End of program
FLOWCHART:

E
OUTPUT:
Memory location Values
CO
CE

RESULT:
RA

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. How many parallel I/O ports does 8051 has?
2. What is the total external data memory that can be interfaced to the 8051?
3. What is an alternate function of port pin P3.1 in the 8051?
4. Which I/O port does not have a dual-purpose role in 8051?
5. State true or False: Data transfer from I/O to external data memory can only be done with the MOV
G

command

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[Link]: Date:
INTERFACING DC MOTOR WITH 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
AIM:
To write an 8051 assembly language program to rotate stepper motor in
Clockwise/Anticlockwise direction.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microcontroller kit 8051 1
2. Digital i/o interface chord - 1
FLOWCHART:

E
CO
CE
RA
G

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Dc motor is interfaced to 8051 microcontroller and speed of the dc motor is recorded by
making use of the count value stored in the timer. It can be repeated for different speed by loading the
count value into timer.
ALGORITHM:
1. For running Stepper motor in clockwise and anti clockwise direction.
2. Get the data from the look up table
3. Initialize the counter and move data in to the accumulator.
4. Drive the stepper motor circuitry and introduce Delay.
5. Decrement the counter if it is not zero and repeat from step 3.
6. Repeat the above procedure for continuous rotation.
Clockwise direction Anti Clockwise direction
Memory A1 A2 B1 B2 Hex
Location code

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Memory A1 A2 B1 B2 Hex
Location code

PROGRAM TABLE
Address Opcode & Label Mnemonics Comments
Operand
ORG 4100H
START: MOV DPTR,#4500H Load address to DPTR
MOV R0,#04H Move 04 to R0 reg
MOVX A, @DPTR Move Data from DPTR
REPEAT:
Location to Acc
PUSH DPH

E
PUSH DPL
MOV DPTR,#FFC0H

DLY 1:
DLY 2:
DLY 3:
CO
MOV R1,#04H
MOV R2,#FFH
MOV R3,#FFH
DJNZ R3,DLY3
DJNZ R2,DLY2
Delay Program

DJNZ R1,DLY1
CE
MOVX @DPTR,A Delay Program
POP DPL
POP DPH
INC DPTR
DJNZ R0, REPEAT
RA

Decrement R0 and Jump to

REPEAT, until R0 =’00’
SJMP START Jump to start
END
Look up table
TABLE
G

RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Give the applications of stepper motor?
2. What is excitation code?
3. What are the differences between microprocessor and microcontroller?
4. What is operating frequency of microcontroller?
5. How many interrupts are associated with 8051 serial ports?

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[Link]: Date:
STUDY ON INTERFACE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
AIM:
To study interfacing of A/D converter using 8051 Microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microprocessor kit 8051 1

2. ADC Interface board - 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The program starts from a memory location. The program is executed for various values of

E
analog voltage which are set with the help of a potentiometer. The LED display is verified with the
digital value that is stored in the memory location.
ALGORITHM:
1. Select the channel and latch the address.
2. Send the start conversion pulse.
3. Read EOC signal.
4. If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (3).
CO
5. Read the digital [Link] it in a memory location.
PROGRAM TABLE:
Address Label Mnemonic Operands Comments
CE
MOV A,#90H Move the data to the accumulator
MOV DPTR,#4003H Move the data to DPTR
MOVX @DPTR,A Move the accumulator content to DPTR
MOV DPTR,#4001H Move the data to DPTR
MOV A,#01H Move the data to the accumulator
RA

MOVX @DPTR,A Move the accumulator content to DPTR

MOV A,#31 Move the data to the accumulator
MOVX @DPTR,A Move the accumulator content to DPTR
MOV A,#01H Move the data to the accumulator
BACK MOVX @DPTR,A Move the accumulator content to DPTR
G

ANL A,#01H Perform AND operation

JNB 0A,BACK Jump if 0A is not Borrow, then go to BACK
MOV A,#40H Move the data to the accumulator
MOVX @DPTR,A Move the accumulator content to DPTR
LCALL DE Call the DELAY
MOV DPTR,#4000H Move the data to DPTR
MOVX A,@DPTR Move DPTR content to accumulator
LCALL 00BB Call 00BB
DELAY MOV R0,#FF Move the data to R0 register
LOOP MOV R1,#FF Move the data to R1register
LOOP1 DJNZ R1,LOOP1 Decrement jump if R1 is not zero, then loop1
DJNZ R0, LOOP Decrement jump if R0 is not zero, then loop
RET

FLOWCHART:
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E
OUTPUT :
Analog voltage
Stop

CO
Digital data on led display Hex code in location
CE
RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
RA

1. What is a serial interface?

2. What are SOC and EOC?
3. What is the technique used for ADC?
4. What is the clock frequency of ADC?
5. What are the applications of ADC?
G

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[Link]: Date:
b. INTERFACING DIGITAL – TO – ANALOG CONVERTER
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for digital to analog conversion and to generate
different waveforms using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
[Link] ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Intel Microcontroller kit 8051 1
2. DAC Interface board Microsystems 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A) The program starts from memory location 4100H. The input data is at 4101H. The output is
measured at pin numbers 13 and 26 of DAC chip. B) The program starts from memory location
4100H. The is given in the memory locations 4101H and 4108 H. The output is sent to the output
ports. The waveforms are measured at the output ports using CRO.
THEORY:

E
Refer Experiment No.3.b.

FLOWCHART:
SQUARE WAVEFORM

Start

Initialize the Accumulator,

CO SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM

Start

Initialize
Send Accumulator Content
CE
to DAC
Send Accumulator
Delay content to DAC
RA

Load the Acc. ith Max Increment

Value, Send Acc. Content Accumulator

Delay NO
Is Acc ≤ FF YES
G

TRIANGULAR WAVEORM:

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Start

Initialize

Send Accumulator
content to DAC

Increment
Accumulator

YES
Is Acc ≤ FF

NO

E
Decrement
Accumulator

Yes
CO
Send Accumulator
content to DAC

NO
Is Acc ≤ 00
CE

ALGORITHM:
Waveform generation:
Square Waveform:
1. Send low value (00) to the DAC.
RA

2. Introduce suitable delay.

3. Send high value (FF) to DAC.
4. Introduce delay.
5. Repeat the above steps.
Saw-tooth waveform:
1. Load low value (00) to accumulator.
G

2. Send this value to DAC.

3. Increment the accumulator.
4. Repeat step (2) and (3) until accumulator value reaches FF.
5. Repeat the above steps.
Triangular waveform:
1. Load the low value (00) in accumulator.
2. Send this accumulator content to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator.
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 until the accumulator reaches FF, decrement the accumulator and send the
accumulator contents to DAC.
PROGRAM TABLE:
Square Waveform
Address Label Mnemonic Operands Comments
MOV DPTR,#FFC0
START MOV A,#00 Move data 00 into accumulator
MOVX @DPTR,A Move data from accumulator to DPTR

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LCALL DELAY Call the subroutine DELAY

MOV A,#FF Move data FF into accumulator
MOVX @DPTR,A Move data from accumulator to DPTR
LCALL DELAY Call the subroutine DELAY
LJMP START Jump to Start
DELAY MOV R1,#05 Move 05 value into R1 register
LOOP MOV R2,#FF Move FF value into R2 register
LOOP1 DJNZ R2,LOOP Decrement R2 and jump on non zero to loop
DJNZ R1,LOOP1 Decrement R1 and jump on non zero to loop
RET
SJMP START Jump to start
Triangular Waveform:
Address Label Mnemonic Operands Comments
MOV DPTR,#FFC0 Move data FFCO in to DPTR
START MOV A,#00 Move 00 into accumulator

E
MOVX @DPTR,A Move data from accumulator to DPTR
INC A Call the delay

DELAY
LOOP
JNC
MOVA
MOVX
DEC
JNZ
LJMP
LOOP1

A
LOOP2
START
CO
@DPTR,FF
@DPTR,A
Move FF into accumulator
Move data from accumulator to DPTR
Call the delay
Jump to start
Move 05 value into R1 register
Move FF value into R2 register
LOOP1 DJNZ R2,LOOP Decrement R2 and jump on non zero to loop
CE
DJNZ R1,LOOP1 Decrement R1 and jump on non zero to loop
RET
SJMP START Jump to start
Saw tooth waveform:
Address Label Mnemonic Operands Comments
RA

MOV DPTR,#FFC0 Move data FFCO in to DPTR

MOV A,#00 Move 00 into accumulator
LOOP MOVX @DPTR Move data from accumulator to DPTR
INC A Increment accumulator
G

SJMP LOOP Jump to loop

WAVEFORM GENERATION:
WAVEFORMS AMPLITUDE(V) TIMEPERIOD(S)

Square Waveform
Saw-tooth waveform

Triangular waveform

MODEL GRAPH:
Saw tooth Waveform Triangular waveform

Square Waveform

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RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. How many bits is DAC 0808?
2. What are different program development tools?
3. Explain the use of assembler and linker.
4. Explain different types of memory models used.
5. What is the use of EOC and SOC signals?

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[Link]: Date:
FIBONACCI SERIES
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to displace Fibanocci Series.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery
ALGORITHM:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Load the length of series in the accumulator and decrement it by 2
Step 3 : Move the value to register ‘D’
Step 4 : Load the starting value of data value address
Step 5 : Intialise the 1st number as 00
Step 6 : Move the pointer to 2nd data and intialise them as ‘01’
Step 7 : Move the pointer to next position for next data
Step 8 : Intialise B as ‘00’ and C as ‘01’ for calculations
Step 9 : Copy the contents of ‘B’ to accumulator
Step 10 : Add the content of ‘C’ register to accumulator

E
Step 11 : Move the content ‘C’ to ‘B’ and ‘A’ to C
Step 12 : Now store the result to memory pointed by ‘HL’ pair
Step 13 : Move the pointer to next pointer
Step 14 : Decrement 0 by 1 for counter
Step 15 : If ‘D’ is not zero, go to step 9
Step 16 : if ‘D’ is zero, end the program

PROGRAM TABLE:
Address Label Mnemonics
CO
Hex Code Comments
4200 LDA 4300 3A, 00, 43 Store the length of series in ‘A’
CE
4203 SUI 02 D6, 02 Decrement ‘A’ by 02
4205 MOV D,A 57 Move ‘A’ to ‘D’ (counter)
4206 LXI H, 4301 21,01,43 Load the starting address of array
4209 MVI M,00 36,00 Intialise 4301 as ‘00’
420B INX H 23 Increment pointer
Initialize 2nd as ‘01’
RA

420C MVI M, 01 36,01

420E INX H 23 Increment pointer
420F MVI B,00 06,00 Intialise ‘B’ as ‘00’
4211 MVI, C, 01 0E, 01 Intialise ‘C’ as ‘01’
4213 Loop MOV A,B 78 Move B to A
4214 ADD C 81 Add ‘A’ and ‘C’
G

4215 MOV B,C 41 Move C to B

4216 MOV C,A 4F Move A to C
4217 MOV M,A 77 Move the result to memory
4218 INX H 23 Increment pointer
4219 DCR D 15 Decrement counter
421A JNZ loop C2, 13,42 If D = 0, jump to loop
421D HLT 76 Stop the program
FLOW CHART:

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E
CO
CE
RA

INPUT:

Input Address Value

4300 05
OUTPUT:
G

Output Address Value

4301 00 00 + 01 = 01
4302 01 01+ 01 = 02
4303 01
4304 02
4305 03
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Which interrupt has highest priority?
2. What are the level triggering interrupts?
3. Classify the signals based on their signals?
4. State the difference between hlt and hold states?
5. What are the wait states in microprocessors?

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[Link]: Date:
FLASHING DISPLAY
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to obtain the following flashing display of a particular data.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8085 micro processing kit
(0-5V) power supply
ALGORITHM:
Step 1 : Get the control words in accumulator and output words through 8 bit address
Step 2 : Load ‘HL’ register pair with memory address
Step 3 : Get the count value in ‘C’ register
Step 4 : Increment the register pair by one and display the character and call for delay.
Step 5 : Clear the display and call delay routine to step 7
Step 6 : Go to step 7

E
Step 7 : Load ‘DE’ register pair with memory address
Step 8 : Decrement ‘DE’ pair with memory address
Step 9 : If the content is not equal to zero, go to step 8
Step 10 : Return to main program

Memory
Location
4300
4302
Hex Code Label

MVI
OUT
Mnemonics
Op code
A,00
01
CO
Operand
3E,00
DE,01
Comments

Intialise ‘A’ as ‘00’

Out the control word trough 8 bit
4304 MVI A,90 3E,90 Intialise ‘a’ with cw for RAM
CE
4306 OUT 01 D3,01 Out the cw
4308 MVI A,CC 3E,CC A = CC
430A OUT 01 0D,01 Out the cw
430C Loop 2 LXI H,5000 21,00,50 Load ‘HL’ with
430F MOV C,M 4E M to C
RA

4310 Loop 1 INX H 23 Increment ‘H’ by

4311 MOV A,M 7E Move M to A
4312 OUT 00 D3, 00 Out the character
4314 DCR C 0D Decrement ‘C’ by 1
4315 JNZ Loop 1 C2,10,43 Check for zero
4318 CALL Delay C0,00,46 Call subroutine
G

431B MVI A,DC 3E,DC A <- 0C

431D OUT 01 D3, 01 A<-01
431F CALL Delay CD,00,46 Call subroutine
4322 JMP Loop 2 C3 0C,43 Check for zf
4600 Delay LXI D,FFFF 11,FF,FF Intialise DE=FFFF
4603 Loop 3 DCX D 1B Decrement DE by 1
4604 MOV A,E 7B Move ‘E’ to ‘A’
4605 ORA D B2 Check ‘De’ = ‘00’
4606 JNZ Loop 3 C2,03,46 Jump on no zero
4609 RET C9 C9 Return to main program
FLOW CHART:

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E
CO
CE
RA
G

INPUT

Input Address Value

5000 05
5001 68
5002 68
5003 68
5004 FD
5005 88
OUTPUT

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RESULT:

REVIEW QUESTION:
1. What happens when HLT instruction is executed in processor?
2. Which Stack is used in 8085?
3. What is Tri-state logic?
4. What are the various flags in 8085?
5. What are the hardware interrupts?

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