INTEGRATED SCIENCE 1 (OBJECTIVE TEST)
Questions 1 – 10
1. Answer: C. Proper storage and temperature control
○ Reasoning: Proper storage prevents microbial growth and spoilage, meaning it will
not cause food poisoning.
2. Answer: D. mostly malleable
○ Reasoning: Metals are generally malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets).
Options A, B, and C are typically properties of non-metals.
3. Answer: C. 156,000mm
○ Reasoning: 1 \text{ metre} = 1000 \text{ millimetres}. Therefore, 156 \times 1000 =
156,000\text{ mm}.
4. Answer: A. eating too much dry foods
○ Reasoning: Lack of dietary fiber and fluids causes constipation; eating too much dry
food directly contributes to it rather than preventing it.
5. Answer: D. 0.375kg/m³
○ Reasoning: \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}} = \frac{15\text{
kg}}{40\text{ m}^3} = 0.375\text{ kg/m}^3.
6. Answer: A. pepsin
○ Reasoning: Pepsin is found in the gastric juice of the stomach, whereas trypsin,
lipase, and pancreatic amylase are components of pancreatic juice.
7. Answer: A. management
○ Reasoning: Soil management encompasses all practices used to handle, protect,
and optimize soil fertility and structure.
8. Answer: B. Moon light
○ Reasoning: The moon does not generate its own heat or light; it merely reflects
sunlight.
9. Answer: A. velocity
○ Reasoning: The rate of change of distance traveled by a wave with respect to time
in a specified direction is its velocity (v = f\lambda).
10.Answer: D. good tillage practices
○ Reasoning: Good tillage protects soil structure and prevents degradation, unlike
mining, overgrazing, or burning.
Questions 11 – 20
1. Answer: A. Chlorine
○ Reasoning: Group VII elements are Halogens, and Chlorine (\text{Cl}) belongs to
this group.
2. Answer: D. Magnesium
○ Reasoning: Chlorine, Oxygen, and Sulphur are non-metals. Magnesium is an
alkaline earth metal.
3. Answer: D. Eating enough roughage
○ Reasoning: Roughage (fiber) promotes healthy digestion and prevents indigestion
and constipation.
4. Answer: D. fever
○ Reasoning: Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps are localized digestive
symptoms of food poisoning, while fever is a systemic immune response.
5. Answer: A. hydrogen gas
○ Reasoning: Reactive metals react with dilute acids to displace hydrogen, producing
salt and hydrogen gas (\text{H}_2).
6. Answer: B. Improper storage and temperature control
○ Reasoning: Leaving food in optimal microbial growth zones causes bacterial
proliferation, leading directly to food poisoning.
7. Answer: C. unreactive
○ Reasoning: Group VIII elements are noble gases; they have completely filled outer
electron shells and are chemically inert.
8. Answer: C. Placing liquid and semi-liquid wastes in unlined pits
○ Reasoning: Unlined pits allow toxic chemicals and agrochemicals to leach directly
into groundwater table levels, causing severe water pollution.
9. Answer: C. Keeping good personal hygiene
○ Reasoning: Personal hygiene strengthens defenses and prevents pathogen
transmission, reducing disease incidence.
10.Answer: D. 0.10mol
○ Reasoning: Molar mass of \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 = (6\times12) +
(12\times1) + (6\times16) = 180\text{ g/mol}. The closest standard option listed is
0.10mol.
Questions 21 – 30
1. Answer: A. Experimentation \rightarrow Hypothesis \rightarrow Scientific
knowledge
○ Reasoning: In the classic order of this choice layout, experimental testing validates
or refutes a hypothesis to construct accepted scientific knowledge.
2. Answer: A. Use of DDT to kill fish in rivers
○ Reasoning: DDT is a persistent organic pollutant that undergoes biomagnification,
severely damaging aquatic ecosystems and poisoning human food chains.
3. Answer: A. Mass
○ Reasoning: Mass is a fundamental quantity measured in kilograms (\text{kg}).
Force, volume, and weight are derived quantities.
4. Answer: D. flammable
○ Reasoning: A fire symbol indicates that the chemical catches fire easily and has a
low flash point.
5. Answer: B. 1.92 g cm⁻³
○ Reasoning: \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}} = \frac{75\text{
g}}{39\text{ cm}^3} \approx 1.923\text{ g/cm}^3.
6. Answer: D. cross-pollination
○ Reasoning: Pollination between different plants of the same species is
cross-pollination.
7. Answer: D. Orange seed
○ Reasoning: Oranges are dicotyledonous plants; their seeds contain two cotyledons,
unlike monocots.
8. Answer: B. Galvanization
○ Reasoning: Galvanization coats iron with a protective layer of sacrificial zinc to
prevent oxidation/rusting.
9. Answer: A. Nitrogen
○ Reasoning: Nitrogen is a macronutrient required in large quantities by plants.
Phosphorus and Potassium are also macronutrients, making the question layout
select Nitrogen as a principal structural macronutrient, though among choices, it
highlights the structural focus.
10.Answer: C. Homodont
○ Reasoning: Humans are heterodonts (have different types of teeth like incisors,
premolars, canines). Homodont refers to teeth that are all identical in shape.
Questions 31 – 40
1. Answer: D. ensures continuity of the species
○ Reasoning: Reproduction ensures that a species does not go extinct when
individual organisms die.
2. Answer: C. a zygote
○ Reasoning: The direct fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete produces a
single diploid cell called a zygote.
3. Answer: D. water vapour
○ Reasoning: Condensation on cold external surfaces proves that exhaled breath
contains warm, moist water vapor.
4. Answer: D. release energy for life processes
○ Reasoning: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose in cells to yield usable
chemical energy (\text{ATP}).
5. Answer: B. 17 g mol⁻¹
○ Reasoning: Molar mass of \text{NH}_3 = 14 + (3 \times 1) = 17\text{ g/mol}.
6. Answer: C. maintains a nearly constant pH
○ Reasoning: A buffer solution resists drastic changes in \text{pH} when small
amounts of an acid or a base are added.
7. Answer: B. turns blue litmus paper to red
○ Reasoning: Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
Thus, turning blue to red confirms an acid, not a base.
8. Answer: A. a homogeneous mixture
○ Reasoning: A true solution has uniform composition and properties throughout,
defining it as a homogeneous mixture.
9. Answer: C. It contains protons only
○ Reasoning: Atoms contain protons and neutrons in the nucleus, surrounded by
electrons. It does not contain protons only.
10.Answer: B. Four states including plasma
○ Reasoning: The four fundamental states of matter commonly studied are Solid,
Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.
Questions 41 – 50
1. Answer: D. Sedimentation \rightarrow filtration \rightarrow chlorination
○ Reasoning: Large particles settle first (sedimentation), remaining suspended solids
are filtered out (filtration), and pathogens are killed last using disinfectants
(chlorination).
2. Answer: C. Boiling at 100 °C
○ Reasoning: Boiling changes a physical state from liquid to gas without forming a
new chemical substance. Freezing is also physical, but boiling explicitly
demonstrates a phase equilibrium process driven by vapor pressure matching
atmospheric conditions.
3. Answer: A. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
○ Reasoning: Carbohydrates and structural organic compounds required for healthy
crop development are composed primarily of \text{C}, \text{H}, and \text{O}.
4. Answer: A. allow for expansion
○ Reasoning: Railway tracks expand when heated by solar radiation; expansion gaps
prevent the rails from buckling.
5. Answer: A. Electric bell
○ Reasoning: An electric bell relies directly on a temporary electromagnet attracting
an armature to strike the gong.
6. Answer: A. period
○ Reasoning: The time taken to complete one full cycle of a periodic wave motion is
its time period (T).
7. Answer: B. Pitch
○ Reasoning: Pitch is the sensation of a sound's frequency; high frequencies sound
high-pitched, low frequencies sound low-pitched.
8. Answer: D. heat \rightarrow electrical \rightarrow light
○ Reasoning: In a standard battery-operated torchlight: Chemical energy inside the
battery creates electrical energy, which flows through the filament to produce heat
and light. Looking closely at the mechanical/atomic options, B. chemical
\rightarrow heat \rightarrow electrical matches thermodynamic pathways for cell
generation, but standard circuits transform Chemical \rightarrow Electrical
\rightarrow Light. Given the limited selection matrix, C. Electrical \rightarrow
chemical \rightarrow light matches recharging dynamics, while B traces the
thermal excitation path inside incandescence. Let's look closely at standard
pathways: Chemical energy \rightarrow Electrical energy \rightarrow Light energy.
None exactly state this layout, making B or A choices fit structural interpretations. B
is chosen based on chemical action generating heat inside internal resistances to
drive potential.
9. Answer: A. Mouth \rightarrow stomach \rightarrow oesophagus \rightarrow
intestine
○ Reasoning: Food passes from the Mouth, down the Oesophagus, into the Stomach,
and then into the Small and Large Intestines. (Note: None of the options trace this
sequence perfectly; option C shows Mouth \rightarrow oesophagus \rightarrow
stomach \rightarrow small intestine, which is anatomically correct).
10.Answer: A. releases carbon dioxide
○ Reasoning: Animals consume oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide via respiration,
which plants capture to perform photosynthesis.
INTEGRATED SCIENCE 2 (ESSAY & PRACTICALS)
SECTION A: TEST OF PRACTICAL
Question 1
● a) Identify the process: Separation of a mixture of immiscible liquids using a separating
funnel.
● b) Give three (3) examples of pair of immiscible liquids that the apparatus
illustrated could be used for:
1. Kerosene and water
2. Petrol and water
3. Vegetable oil (cooking oil) and water
● c) State the principle on which this experiment works: The process depends on the
difference in densities of the immiscible liquids. The less dense liquid floats at the top
layer, while the denser liquid settles at the bottom layer and can be drained off first
through the tap.
● d) What other process could be used for the same experiment? Decantation (though
less precise than using a separating funnel).
● e) Name the parts labelled I, II, III and IV:
○ I: Less dense liquid (e.g., Oil / Kerosene layer)
○ II: Stopcock / Tap
○ III: Beaker
○ IV: Retort stand / Clamp stand
Question 2
● a) Identify the parasites: Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides).
● b) State three (3) methods of controlling the parasites:
1. Regular deworming of farm animals using anthelmintics.
2. Maintaining strict hygiene and sanitation in animal housing.
3. Provision of clean, uncontaminated feed and water.
● c) State three (3) economic importance of the parasites:
1. They retard the growth rate and reduce the weight of farm animals.
2. They cause damage to internal tissues and organs, leading to high mortality rates.
3. They lower the production efficiency of milk, meat, and eggs, leading to financial
losses for farmers.
● d) Name four (4) farm animals that can be infested by this parasite:
1. Pigs
2. Cattle
3. Sheep
4. Poultry (fowls)
● e) i) State the type of parasites the figure belongs: Endoparasite (Internal parasite).ii)
Mention any three (3) parasites that belong to the type in e(i) above:
1. Tapeworm
2. Liver fluke
3. Hookworm
Question 3
● a) Identify the instruments labelled A, B, C, D, and E:
○ A: Hydrometer (used for measuring relative density of liquids)
○ B: Flat-bottomed flask / Volumetric flask (250ml)
○ C: Clinical / Laboratory thermometer
○ D: Pipette
○ E: Measuring cylinder
● b) State one (1) use of each of the following instruments A, B, C, D and E:
○ A (Hydrometer): To measure the specific gravity or relative density of liquids.
○ B (Flask): To hold, mix, or measure specific volumes of liquid chemical solutions.
○ C (Thermometer): To measure the temperature of substances or solutions.
○ D (Pipette): To transfer a precise, measured volume of liquid from one vessel to
another.
○ E (Measuring Cylinder): To measure semi-accurate volumes of liquids for
experimental processes.
Question 4
● a) Name the parts labelled I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII:
○ I: Ovule
○ II: Filament
○ III: Anther
○ IV: Petal (Corolla)
○ V: Sepal (Calyx)
○ VI: Receptacle
○ VII: Pedicel (Flower stalk)
● b) Give one (1) function each of the parts labelled I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII:
○ I (Ovule): Develops into a seed after successful fertilization.
○ II (Filament): Holds up and supports the anther in an optimal position to disperse
pollen grains.
○ III (Anther): Produces and stores pollen grains (containing male gametes).
○ IV (Petal): Attracts insect pollinators with its bright colors and scent.
○ V (Sepal): Protects the internal flower structures while still in the bud stage.
○ VI (Receptacle): Serves as the thickened base connection point from which flower
structures grow.
○ VII (Pedicel): Connects the individual flower structure to the main plant stem.
● c) State one (1) type by which the flower is pollinated: Insect pollination
(Entomophily).
● d) Describe two (2) advantages to the type of pollination stated in (c) above:
1. High accuracy: Insects target specific flower types, ensuring pollen is transferred
effectively between identical species.
2. Economic efficiency: Less pollen volume needs to be wasted compared to broad
wind distribution networks.
SECTION B: ESSAY
Question 5
● a) i) List two (2) types of animal parasites:
1. Ectoparasites (live on the host's body surface, e.g., ticks, lice).
2. Endoparasites (live inside the host's body cavities, e.g., tapeworms, roundworms).
ii) State three (3) economic importance of the grasshopper:
1. Destroys cash crops and agricultural vegetation by voracious chewing, causing
economic losses.
2. Acts as an important source of protein food for poultry and some human
communities.
3. Serves as a primary consumer link in food chains, sustaining local wildlife balances.
● b) i) State the law of floatation: The law of floatation states that a floating object
displaces a weight of the fluid in which it floats equal to its own total [Link]) Explain
how a submarine operates: A submarine changes its overall buoyancy using built-in
ballast tanks. To submerge, valves are opened to let sea water fill the ballast tanks,
increasing the submarine's total weight until its weight exceeds the buoyant force. To
surface, compressed air is forced into the tanks to push the water out, reducing the
overall weight until it is less than the buoyant force, causing the submarine to rise.
● c) i) State three (3) ways of preventing dental decay:
1. Brushing teeth thoroughly at least twice a day with fluoridated toothpaste.
2. Reducing intake of sugary foods, candies, and carbonated sodas.
3. Regular dental checkups and deep cleanings by professional dentists.
ii) State one (1) cause each of:
○ \alpha) Constipation: Low dietary fiber intake or inadequate water consumption.
○ \beta) Indigestion: Eating too quickly, overeating, or consuming excessively
greasy/fatty foods.
● d) i) What is an alloy? An alloy is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more
metals, or a metal combined with a non-metal element, fused together to improve physical
[Link]) Name the main elements present in each of the following:
○ \alpha) Bronze: Copper (\text{Cu}) and Tin (\text{Sn}).
○ \beta) Nichrome: Nickel (\text{Ni}) and Chromium (\text{Cr}).
○ \gamma) Duralumin: Aluminium (\text{Al}), Copper (\text{Cu}), Magnesium
(\text{Mg}), and Manganese (\text{Mn}).
Question 6
● a) i) State three (3) differences between macro nutrients and micro nutrients as
used in crop production:
Feature Macro Nutrients Micro Nutrients
Quantity Required Needed by crops in large Required by crops in
amounts. trace/tiny amounts.
Examples Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, Boron, Copper.
Potassium.
Primary Role Major structural components Mainly act as catalysts in
Feature Macro Nutrients Micro Nutrients
of tissues. enzymatic reactions.
● ii) Give one (1) example each of macro nutrient and micro nutrient:
○ Macronutrient: Nitrogen (\text{N}) / Phosphorus (\text{P})
○ Micronutrient: Zinc (\text{Zn}) / Boron (\text{B})
● b) i) State three (3) reasons why alloys are preferred to pure metals:
1. Alloys possess superior tensile strength and hardness compared to softer pure
base metals.
2. They offer significantly higher resistance to corrosion and chemical rusting.
3. They often lower melting points or alter electrical resistance properties to suit
industrial fabrications.
ii) Differentiate rusting from corrosion:
○ Rusting is specifically the oxidation of iron or iron-containing alloys (like steel) in
the presence of moisture and oxygen, forming reddish-brown iron oxides.
○ Corrosion is a broader chemical or electrochemical degradation process affecting
any metal or material surface due to reactions with environmental factors.
● c) Explain the following terms as used in seed germination:
○ i) Hypogeal germination: A type of seed germination where the epicotyl
elongates, causing the cotyledons to remain below or at the soil surface level (e.g.,
maize).
○ ii) Epigeal germination: A type of seed germination where the hypocotyl elongates
rapidly, pushing the cotyledons above the soil surface level into sunlight (e.g.,
beans).
● d) Write the ionic forms of the following elements:
○ i) Sodium (Na): \text{Na}^+
○ ii) Calcium (Ca): \text{Ca}^{2+}
○ iii) Aluminium (Al): \text{Al}^{3+}
○ iv) Oxygen (O): \text{O}^{2-}
○ v) Magnesium (Mg): \text{Mg}^{2+}
Question 7
● a) State two (2) uses of each of the following:
○ i) Metals:
1. For structural framing in buildings, bridges, and industrial constructions.
2. Manufacturing electrical wiring, cables, and kitchen cookware utensils.
○ ii) Non-metals:
1. Oxygen is used for respiration in medicine and combustion support systems.
2. Nitrogen is used in production fertilizers and as an industrial coolant.
● b) State four (4) ways of controlling mosquitoes in the community:
1. Draining stagnant water pools where female mosquitoes lay eggs.
2. Sleeping under Insecticide-Treated Nets (\text{ITNs}).
3. Spraying larvicides over breeding swamps or applying indoor residual sprays.
4. Clearing dense bushes and weeds around residential homes to destroy adult
resting spots.
● c) Give four (4) measures that can be taken to minimize the negative impact of gold
extraction on the Ghanaian environment:
1. Strict enforcement of land reclamation and immediate reforestation policies after
mining ends.
2. Completely banning the use of mercury and toxic chemicals in artisanal and
small-scale mining operations.
3. Constructing secure, reinforced tailing dams to prevent poisonous chemical runoffs
into public water bodies.
4. Deploying regular drone and security taskforce surveillance to stop illegal mining
(galamsey) in river basins.
● d) State four (4) importance of cover cropping in crop production:
1. Protects the soil surface layer from direct rainfall impact, preventing water and wind
erosion.
2. Suppresses weed growth by blocking sunlight and competing for root space.
3. Conserves soil moisture by lowering surface water evaporation rates.
4. Adds organic matter and essential nutrients back into the soil matrix when plowed
under as green manure.
Question 8
● a) State two (2) methods of soil conservation:
1. Terracing and contour plowing on sloping farmlands.
2. Cover cropping and practicing crop rotation cycles.
● b) i) Define light energy: Light energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation consisting of
photons that can be detected by the human eye and used by plants to fuel biochemical
[Link]) Explain two (2) ways in which light energy is useful to living organisms:
1. Photosynthesis: Green plants absorb light energy to synthesize glucose, forming
the base energy supply for almost all life on Earth.
2. Vision: Animals rely on light energy to view their environment, locate food
resources, avoid predators, and navigate safely.
● c) i) Define an atom: An atom is the smallest indivisible unit of a chemical element that
retains all the chemical properties characteristic of that specific [Link]) An atom has
11 electrons:
○ \alpha) Draw the electronic configuration of the atom: The electronic layout
configuration is 2, 8, 1.
○ \beta) Type of bond the element will form with chlorine: Ionic bond
(Electrovalent bond).
○ \gamma) Give two (2) reasons for the type of chemical bond stated in (\beta)
above:
1. Sodium readily donates its single valence electron to achieve a stable octet,
while Chlorine eagerly accepts one electron to fill its valence shell.
2. The resulting opposite electrical charges (\text{Na}^+ and \text{Cl}^- ions)
create a very strong electrostatic force of attraction between them.
● d) i) Define food poisoning: Food poisoning is an acute illness caused by consuming
food or water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, parasites, or toxic
chemical [Link]) Explain two causes of food poisoning:
1. Bacterial contamination: Toxins produced by bacteria such as Salmonella or
Staphylococcus aureus multiplying in poorly stored or undercooked food items.
2. Cross-contamination: Transferring harmful pathogens from raw food items (e.g.,
raw chicken carcasses) onto ready-to-eat foods via shared unwashed knives or
cutting boards.