CPB 21404 Separation Process
CPB 21404 SEPARATION PROCESS
TUTORIAL 2
DRYING OPERATIONS
1. Air of 20oC and I bar with relative humidity of 80% is heated to 50 oC.
The heated air flows along a flat tray filled with completely wetted
material. The heat transfer coefficient is 35 W/m 2.K and the latent heat
of vaporization is 2.45 x 106 J/kg. Calculate the constant drying rate.
[R = 3.43 x 10-4 kg/m2.s]
2. A wet solid with a moisture content of 0.50 kg H 2O/kg dry solid
occupies 0.1 m2 on a flat tray. A laboratory experiment shows that the
critical moisture content is 0.2 kg H 2O/kg dry solid and the constant
drying rate is 0.36 g/m2.s. Calculate the time required to reduce the
moisture content of the wet solid on the tray containing 2 kg of dry
solid from 0.40 to 0.20 kg H2O/kg dry solid.
[3.09hr]
3. A porous solid is dried in a batch dryer under constant drying
conditions. 5 hours are required to reduce the moisture content from
35 to 10 percent. The critical moisture content was found to be 20
percent and the equilibrium moisture 4 percent. All moisture contents
are on the dry basis. Assuming that the rate of drying during the
falling-rate period is proportional to the free-moisture content,
calculate the time required to dry a sample of the same solid from 35
to 5 percent under the same drying conditions.
[t = 9.67hr]
4. A granular solid is to be dried in a tunnel dryer from
50% to 10% moisture under identical conditions in 3.0 x 10 4 s. The
critical and equilibrium moisture contents are 12% and 3%,
respectively. Calculate the time required to dry the solid from 50%
moisture to 5% moisture if all moisture contents quoted are on a dry
basis.
[t = 7.37hr]
5. A granular insoluble solid material wet with water is being dried in the
constant rate period in a pan 0.61 m x 0.61 m and the depth of
material is 25.4 mm. The sides and bottom are insulated. Air flows
perpendicular to the top surface at a velocity of 3.05 m/s and has a dry
bulb temperature of 60oC and wet bulb temperature of 29.4 oC. The pan
contains 11.34 kg of dry solid having a free moisture content of 0.35
kg H2O/kg dry solid and the material is to be dried in the constant rate
period to 0.22 kg H2O/kg dry solid. Calculate the drying rate and the
time in hours needed.
[R = 1.642 kg/h.m2, t = 2.41h]
inhma/T2/Jan2018
CPB 21404 Separation Process
6. A slab with a wet weight of 5 kg originally contains 50% moisture (wet
basis). The slab is 600 by 900 by 75 mm thick. The equilibrium
moisture content is 5% of the total weight when in contact with air of
20oC and 20% humidity. The drying rate is given in Table 1 for contact
with air of the above quality at a definite velocity. Drying is from one
face. Determine the time required to dry the slab to 10% moisture
content (wet basis).
Table 1
Wet – slab weight, kg Drying rate, kg/m2.h
9.1 4.9
7.2 4.9
5.3 4.4
4.2 3.9
3.3 3.4
2.9 2.0
2.7 1.0
7. A wet filter cake in a pan 1 ft x 1 ft square and 1 inch thick is dried on
the top surface with air at wet bulb temperature of 80 oF and a dry bulb
of 120oF flowing parallel to the surface at a velocity of 2.5 ft/s. The dry
density of the cake is 150 lbm/ft 3 and the critical free moisture content
is 0.09 lb H2O/lb dry solid. How long will it take to dry the material from
a free moisture content of 0.20 lb H2O/lb dry sold to the critical
moisture content?
[t = 17.03h]
8. Slabs of filter cake with a bone-dry density of 1600 kg/m 3 are to be
dried from an initial free moisture content of 90% (dry basis) to a final
free moisture content of 5% (dry basis) batchwise in trays that are 1 m
long by 0.5 m wide with a depth of 3 cm. Drying will take place only
from the top surface. The drying air conditions are 1 atm, 60 oC and a
39oC wet bulb temperature. Air flows perpendicular to the top surface
at velocity of 3.5 m/s. Experiments under these drying conditions show
a critical free moisture content of 45% (dry basis) with assuming that
the drying rate is a linear with free moisture content through origin.
Determine:
a) The drying time for the constant rate period in hours.
b) The drying time for the falling rate period in hours.
9. A wet solid is to be dried in a pan 0.61 m by 0.61 m and the depth of
material is 25.4 mm under constant rate period. The sides and bottom
are insulated. Air flows parallel to the top surface at a velocity of 3.05
m/s and has a dry bulb temperature of 60 oC and wet bulb temperature
of 29.4 oC. The pan contains 11.34 kg of dry solid having a moisture
content of 40% and the material is to be dried in the constant rate
period to the critical moisture content of 20%. The equilibrium
moisture was found to be 4%. All moisture contents are on the dry
basis.
inhma/T2/Jan2018
CPB 21404 Separation Process
a) Calculate the drying rate and the time required in hours.
[R = 1.599 kg/h.m2, t = 3.82hr]
b) Calculate the drying rate and the time needed in hours if the
depth of material is reduced to 12.7 mm.
[R = 1.599 kg/h.m2, t = 1.91hr]
10.A wet solid is dried with air at 60 oC and a humidity of 0.010 kg H 2O/kg
dry air. The air flows parallel to the flat, wet surface of the solid at a
velocity of 5 m/s. Under these conditions the heat transfer coefficient is
given by h = 14.3( )0.8, where is the density of the mist air in kg
moist air per unit volume moist air. The surface area available for heat
exchange with air is 0.25m2 and the latent heat of vaporization is 2.45
x 106 J/kg. Calculate the total amount of water evaporating per unit
time.
[R = 1.71 x 10-4 kg/s]
inhma/T2/Jan2018