2 (a) Write a Python program to find the longest word in a list of
strings
words = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "watermelon",
"kiwi"]
longest = max(words, key=len)
print("Longest word:", longest)
2 (b) What is object serialization? Write a program to
serialize and deserialize a Python object
Object Serialization is the process of converting a Python
object into a byte stream so it can be stored in a file or sent
over a network.
Deserialization is the reverse process—converting the byte
stream back into a Python object.
Example using pickle:
import pickle
# Object to be serialized
data = {"name": "PSR", "age": 20, "course": "Python"}
# Serialization
with open("[Link]", "wb") as f:
[Link](data, f)
# Deserialization
with open("[Link]", "rb") as f:
new_data = [Link](f)
print("Deserialized object:", new_data)
3 (a) Differentiate between built-in and user-defined exceptions
in Python (with examples)
Built-in Exceptions User-defined
Exceptions
Already defined in Python Created by the
programmer
Used for common errors Used for custom error
handling
Examples: ZeroDivisionError, Created using class
ValueError
Example (Built-in):
x = 10 / 0 # Raises ZeroDivisionError
Example (User-defined):
class AgeError(Exception):
pass
age = -5
if age < 0:
raise AgeError("Age cannot be negative")
3 (b) Python program using try, except, and finally to handle
ZeroDivisionError
try:
a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
b = int(input("Enter another number: "))
result = a / b
print("Result:", result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed")
finally:
print("Program execution completed")
4 (a) Explain the difference between a module and a
package in Python
● Module:
A module is a single Python file (.py) that contains
functions, classes, or variables.
It helps in organizing code and reusing it.
Example:
[Link] (built-in module), [Link]
● Package:
A package is a collection of related modules organized in
a directory.
It contains a special file called __init__.py (optional in
newer versions).
Example:
mypackage/
__init__.py
[Link]
[Link]
Key Difference:
A module is a single file, while a package is a folder containing
multiple modules.
4 (b) Explain the concept of intra-package references with
an example. How does Python resolve package imports?
Intra-package references allow modules within the same
package to import each other.
Example:
mypackage/
__init__.py
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] :
def show():
print("Hello from module1")
[Link] :
from .module1 import show
show()
5 (a) What is module search path? Explain with an example
how Python searches for a module
The module search path is the list of directories where Python
looks for a module when an import statement is executed.
This path is stored in [Link].
Python searches for a module in this order:
1. Current working directory
2. Directories in the PYTHONPATH environment variable
3. Standard library directories
4. Site-packages directory (third-party modules)
Example:
import sys
print([Link])
If you write:
import calculator
5 (b) Create a user-defined module named calculator and
demonstrate different ways to import and use it
[Link]
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def sub(a, b):
return a - b
def mul(a, b):
return a * b
def div(a, b):
return a / b
Different ways to import and use the module
1. Import the whole module
import calculator
print([Link](5, 3))
2. Import specific functions
from calculator import add, sub
print(add(10, 5))
print(sub(10, 5))
3. Import with alias
import calculator as calc
print([Link](4, 5))
4. Import all functions
from calculator import *
print(div(20, 4))
6 (a) Write a Python program to read a text file and count
the number of lines, words, and characters in the file
file = open("[Link]", "r")
lines = 0
words = 0
characters = 0
for line in file:
lines += 1
characters += len(line)
words += len([Link]())
[Link]()
print("Number of lines:", lines)
print("Number of words:", words)
print("Number of characters:", characters)
6 (b) Write a program using turtle graphics to draw a colorful
pattern using loops.
import turtle
t = [Link]()
[Link](0)
colors = ["red", "blue", "green", "purple"]
# Square pattern
for i in range(36):
[Link](colors[i % 4])
for j in range(4):
[Link](100)
[Link](90)
[Link](10)
[Link]()
[Link](-200, -150)
[Link]()
# Triangle pattern
for i in range(36):
[Link](colors[i % 4])
for j in range(3):
[Link](100)
[Link](120)
[Link](10)
[Link]()
[Link](200, -150)
[Link]()
# Circle pattern
for i in range(36):
[Link](colors[i % 4])
[Link](50)
[Link](10)
[Link]()
7. Write short notes on the following:
(a) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
SMTP is an application-layer protocol used to send emails
from a client to a mail server or between mail servers.
It works on port 25 (default) and ensures reliable email
transmission over the internet.
(b) POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
POP3 is used to receive emails from a mail server.
It downloads emails to the user’s device and usually deletes
them from the server.
It works on port 110.
(c) Firewall
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and
controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predefined security rules.
It protects systems from unauthorized access and cyber
attacks.
(d) DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
A DHCP server automatically assigns IP addresses and other
network configuration details (like subnet mask and gateway) to
devices on a network, reducing manual configuration.