BCO601

pm
USN

Sixth Semester B.E./[Link]. Degree Examination, Dec.2025/Jan.2026

4
Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems

:2
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

6
:0
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
2. M : Marks , L: Bloom’s level , C: Course outcomes.

01

L
-B
Module – 1 M L C
Q.1 a. Differentiate between: 10 L2 CO1

5
i) RISC and CISC

02

L
ii) Microprocessor and micro controller

-B
-2
b. With a neat diagram, explain embedded system hardware. 10 L2 CO1

L
12
OR

-B
Q.2 a. Explain in detail about Current Program Status Register (CPSR). 10 L2 CO1
7-

b. Define Pipelining. Explain how it helps the program execution.

L 10 L2 CO1
-1

-B
U

Module – 2
Q.3 a. Explain about load store instructions in ARM with an example. 10 L2 CO2
VT

m
-B

b. Write a program to find the sum of 10 integer numbers. 10 L3 CO2

0p
OR

L
L

:4

Q.4 a. Explain how instruction is scheduled in ARM. -B 10 L2 CO2

-B

41

b. Write a note on profiling and cycle counting. 10 L1 CO2

L
L

-B

Module – 3
-B

01

Q.5 a. Explain the classification of embedded system. 10 L2 CO3

L
L

25

b. Write a note on core of an embedded system in detail. 10 L1 CO3

-B
-B

OR
20

Q.6 a. Explain the purpose of embedded system used in various domains. 10 L2 CO3
L
BL

-B
2-

b. Explain the following: 10 L2 CO3

i) I2C BUS
-1

ii) Watch dog timer

17

-B

Module – 4
Q.7 a. Explain the characteristics of embedded system. 10 L2 CO4
L
-B

b. Explain the fundamental issues in hardware software design. 10 L2 CO4

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-B
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-B
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 BCO601

pm
OR
Q.8 a. What are the operational and non operational quality attributes of an 10 L1 CO4
embedded system.

4
:2
b. With a neat diagram, explain how source file to object file translation takes 10 L2 CO4
place in high level language based firmware development.

6
:0
Module – 5

01
Q.9 a. With a neat diagram, explain operating system architecture. 10 L2 CO5

L
-B
b. Explain the steps involved in selecting RTOs. 10 L2 CO5

5
02

L
OR

-B
Q.10 a. Write a note on multiprocessing and multitasking. 10 L1 CO5
-2
b. Explain the following: 10 L2 CO5

L
12
i) Simulator, Emulator

-B
ii) Boundary scan
7-

*****
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-1

-B
U
VT

m
-B

0p

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L

:4

-B
-B

41

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01

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25

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20

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2-
-1

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17

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 BEC601/BTE601/BVL601

pm
USN

Sixth Semester B.E./[Link]. Degree Examination, Dec.2025/Jan.2026

5
Embedded System Design

6 :2
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

:0
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
2. M : Marks , L: Bloom’s level , C: Course outcomes.

01

L
-B
Module – 1 M L C
Q.1 a. Define Embedded System. Explain the six purpose of Embedded system 8 L2 CO3

5
with an example for each.

02

L
-B
b. Bring out the differences between RISC and CISC. 4 L2 CO3
c.
-2
Mention all the cores around which an embedded system is built. Discuss 8 L2 CO3

L
12
any two in detail.

-B
OR
7-

Q.2 a. What are the different types of memories need in Embedded System 8 L2 CO3
Design? Explain the role of each. L
-1

-B
b. With a neat interfacing diagram, explain Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) Bus. 6 L2 CO3
U
VT

c. Explain the following circuits in an Embedded System. 6 L2 CO3

L

i) Brown out Protection Unit m

-B

ii) Watch Dog Timer (WDT)

1p

L
Module – 2
L

:0

Q.3 -B
a. Explain the different characteristics of Embedded System in detail. 8 L2 CO4
-B

42

b. Explain the different types of serial interface bus used in Automotive 6 L2 CO4
L

Communication.
L

-B
-B

01

c. Compare CDFG and DFG with an example. 6 L4 CO4

OR
L
L

25

Q.4 a. Explain the different fundamental design approaches used in Hardware 8 L2 CO4
-B
-B

Software Co-design.
20

b. With FSM model, explain the design and operation of Automatic 6 L2 CO4
L
BL

Tea/Coffee Vending Machine.

-B
2-

c. Explain with a neat diagram, the process of converting assembly language 6 L2 CO4
-1

to machine language.
L
17

-B

Module – 3
Q.5 a. With a neat diagram, explain the different functions of operating system. 8 L2 CO5
L

b. Explain in detail the structure, memory organization and state transitions of 8 L2 CO5
-B

the process.
c. Differentiate between Hard Real Time System and Soft Real Time System 4 L4 CO5
with an example for each.
L
-B

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-B
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 BEC601/BTE601/BVL601

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OR
Q.6 a. Three process with process IDS P1, P2 and P3 are having estimated 7 L3 CO5
completion time of 10, 5, 7 milliseconds respectively. A new process

5
P4 with estimated completion time of 2 ms enter the READY queue after

:2
2 ms. Calculate the waiting time and turnaround time for each process and

6
the average waiting time and turnaround time (assuming no I/O waiting for
the processes) in SJF scheduling algorithm.

:0
01
b. Explain the concept of Dead lock with an example. Also explain the 5 L2 CO5

L
methods of handling Dead lock.

-B
5
c. Discuss the different techniques for embedding the firmware into the target 8 L2 CO5

02
processor.

L
-B
-2 Module – 4
Q.7 a. With a neat diagram, explain the four main hardware components of ARM- 8 L2 CO1

L
12
based embedded device.

-B
b. Discuss about RISC design philosophy. 6 L2 CO1
7-

c. Explain the factors that make the ARM instruction set suitable for
L 6 L2 CO1
-1

embedded applications.
-B
U

OR
VT

Q.8 a. Explain ARM core data flow model with neat diagram. 8 L2 CO1
m
-B

b. Explain the different processor modes of ARM processor with the help of
1p
6 L2 CO1
ARM register set.

L
L

:0

-B
With suitable diagrams, explain the following hardware extensions of ARM
-B

c. 6 L2 CO1
code.
42

i) Cache and tightly coupled memory

L
L

ii) Memory Management

:

-B
-B

01

Module – 5
Q.9 a. Explain with diagram, barrel shifter operation in ARM processor. Give an 8 L2 CO2
L
L

25

example.
-B
-B

20

b. Explain the following instructions with example 6 L2 CO2

i) UMLAL ii) RSC iii) SWI iv) SWPB.
L
BL

-B
2-

c. Develop an assembly language program to count the number of ones and 6 L3 CO2
-1

zeros in two consecutive memory locations.

L
17

OR
-B

Q.10 a. Explain single register load-store instructions with example. 8 L2 CO2

L

b. Explain both forward and backward branch instructions with an example. 6 L2 CO2
-B

c. Develop an assembly language program to find the largest/smallest number 6 L3 CO2

in an array of 32 bit numbers.
L
-B

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 pm
USN BEC602

Sixth Semester B.E./[Link]. Degree Examination, Dec.2025/Jan.2026

2
:2
VLSI Design and Testing

3
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

:2
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.

01

L
2. M : Marks , L: Bloom’s level , C: Course outcomes.

-B
Module – 1 M L C

5
Q.1 a. Implement CMOS logic for the following compound gates. 10 L3 CO1

02

L
i) F = A (B  C)  DE

-B
ii) F = (A  B  C) D-2
b. Implement and explain 2 i/p multiplexes using TG and also mention 10 L3 CO2

L
12
advantages of TG.

-B
2-

OR
L
a. Design flip-flop using multiplexes and inverter.
-2

Q.2 08 L3 CO2
-B
b. Illustrate structural representation for 2 i/p NAND gates by adding 04 L3 CO2
U

performance parameter.
VT

c. Develop physical symbolic layout for the following. 08 L3 CO2

L

i) Inverter ii) Transmission Gate m

-B

5p
Module – 2

L
L

Q.3 a. Explain the working principle of nMOS enhancement nmos transistor. 10 L2 CO1
:0

-B
-B

b. Define Body Effect. Illustrate how body effect alters the Vt and give 05 L3 CO1
39

mathematical expressions.
L

c. Discuss n / p ratio effect on transfer characteristics. 05 L3 CO1

L

-B
-B

01

OR
Q.4 a. Draw schematic diagram of CMOS inverter and explain its D C Transfer 12 L3 CO1
L
L

25

characteristics.
-B
-B

b. Illustrate the mechanism of Latch-up in CMOS and preventive measures. 08 L3 CO1

20

Module – 3
L

Q.5 a. Explain czochoalki method for wafer processing. 06 L2 CO1

BL

-B
2-

b. Discuss Lamda-based p-well design rules. 06 L2 CO1

c. Explain the Twin-tub process. 08 L3 CO1
-1

L
22

OR
-B

Q.6 a. Describe switching characteristics of CMOS inverter with equivalent 10 L3 CO3

circuits to determine fall and rise time.
L

b. Explain in brief scaling principles of MOS transistor dimensions. 10 L2 CO1

-B

Module – 4
Q.7 a. What are the advantages of Dynamic CMOS logic and explain the working 08 L3 CO4
L

of dynamic CMOS inverter with timing diagrams.

-B

b. Realize 2 inputs XOR / XNOR gate using cascode voltage switch logic. 04 L3 CO4
c. Implement 4 – way switch logic using Transmission gate and write layout 08 L3 CO4
L

version of CMOS logic.

-B

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 BEC602
OR

pm
Q.8 a. Draw star connection for CMOS inverter layout optimization and mention 06 L3 CO4
its advantages.

2
b. Find Euler’s path for the function Z  (A  B)  CD and draw 06 L3 CO4

:2
corresponding layout.
c. Write short notes on : 08 L2 CO4

3
i) ESD Protection

:2
ii) Tristate and Bidirectional Pads.

01

L
-B
Module – 5
Q.9 a. Implement AOI based clocked NOR SR Latch circuit with waveforms. 10 L3 CO5

5
b. Illustrate typical design flow of a contemporary and an ideal approach for 10 L3 CO5

02

L
designing system.

-B
-2 OR

L
12
Q.10 a. Illustrate J – K flip – flop with Nand gate JK latches with waveforms. 10 L3 CO5

-B
b. Write short notes on : 10 L2 CO1
2-

i) Adhoc Testing
ii) Self Test and Build in Test.
L
-2

-B

U
VT

m
-B

5p

L
L

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-B
-B

39

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01

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25

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20

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22

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 pm
USN BEC654C/BTE654C

Sixth Semester B.E./[Link]. Degree Examination, Dec.2025/Jan.2026

1
:1
Electronic Communication System

0
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

:2
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.

01

L
2. M : Marks , L: Bloom’s level , C: Course outcomes.

-B
Module – 1 M L C

6
Q.1 a. Briefly, explain what are the different modes of communications. 6 L2 CO1

02

L
b. Explain with a neat block diagram the element of electronic and 10 L2 CO1

-B
communication system. -2

L
An RF amplifier has an input signal power of 1W and delivers the output 4
01
c. L3 CO1

-B
signal with 10W power. Determine its power gain in decibels (dB).
5-

OR
L
a. With a neat block diagram, explain the element of digital communication
-0

Q.2 8 L2 CO1
-B
system.
U

b. Define and explain frequency division multiplexing. 8 L2 CO1

VT

m
-B

c. Determine the antenna gain of a reflector dish antenna having an effective 4 L3 CO1
1p
area of 0.56, operating at 12 GHZ.

L
L

Module – 2
:1

-B
-B

Q.3 a. Define and explain amplitude modulation with necessary expression and 10 L2 CO2
34

waveforms.
L
L

b. Derive the expression for the total power in a single tone AM signal. 10 L3 CO2
:

-B
-B

01

OR
Q.4 a. Show how the modulation index can be computed by displaying the AM 10 L3 CO2
L
L

26

envelope on an oscilloscope.
-B
-B

20

b. Define transmission efficiency of AM signal and derive its expression. 6 L3 CO2

L
BL

c. Describe the limitations of amplitude modulation. 4 L2 CO2

-B
1-

Module – 3
-0

Q.5 a. Define Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) with necessary diagrams. 10 L2 CO3
L
05

Explain the different types of sampling in PAM.

-B

b. Explain the generation and demodulation of Pulse Position Modulation 10 L2 CO3

L

(PPM)
-B

OR
Q.6 a. State and prove sampling theorem. 10 L3 CO3
L

b. Explain the generation and detection of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

-B

10 L2 CO3
L
-B

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 BEC654C/BTE654C

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Module – 4

1
Q.7 a. Define and state and properties of entropy. 5 L2 CO4

:1
b. Describe the four basic types of redundancy checks. 12 L2 CO4

0
:2
c. A communication system consists of 6 messages with probabilities 1/8, 1/8, 3 L3 CO4

01

L
1/8, 1/8, 1/4 and 1/4 respectively. Determine the entropy of the system.

-B
OR

6
Q.8 a. With a neat block diagram, explain BPSK modulator and demodulator. 8 L2 CO4

02

L
-B
b. With necessary expressions and waveforms, explain Amplitude Shift
-2 6 L2 CO4
Keying (ASK).

L
01

-B
c. Explain QPSK with necessary expression and the constellation diagram. 6 L2 CO4
5-

Module – 5
L
-0

Q.9 a. Describe the frequency reuse concept in cellular communications. 8 L2 CO5

-B
U

b. Draw the cell structure in cellular communication and explain. 8 L2 CO5

VT

m
-B

c. A cellular communication service area is covered with 12 clusters having 4 L2 CO5

1p
7 cells in each cluster and 16 channels assigned in each cell. Determine :
i) Number of channels cluster ii) System capacity.

L
L

:1

-B
-B

OR
34

Q.10 a. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wireless communications. 10 L2 CO5

L
L

-B
-B

01

b. List and briefly explain the main areas of wireless applications. 10 L2 CO5

*****
L
L

26

-B
-B

20

L
BL

-B
1-
-0

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05

-B
L
-B
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-B
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-B

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