Mathematics for AI & Machine Learning — Roadmap (Table of Contents)
1. Foundational Mathematics (Absolute Basics)
1.1 Number Systems (Natural, Integer, Rational, Real)
1.2 Fractions, Decimals, Percentages
1.3 Ratios and Proportions
1.4 Basic Arithmetic Operations
1.5 Order of Operations (BODMAS/PEMDAS)
1.6 Negative Numbers and Absolute Value
1.7 Scientific Notation (important for ML scaling)
2. Algebra Foundations
2.1 Variables and Expressions
2.2 Linear Equations (1 variable)
2.3 Simultaneous Equations (2 variables)
2.4 Inequalities
2.5 Quadratic Equations
2.6 Factorization Techniques
2.7 Functions (core concept for ML)
2.8 Graphing Functions
2.9 Exponents and Logarithms (VERY important for ML)
3. Pre-Calculus (Bridge to Advanced Math)
3.1 Functions in Depth (domain, range, composition)
3.2 Trigonometry Basics (sin, cos, tan)
3.3 Unit Circle Concept
3.4 Trigonometric Identities
3.5 Sequences and Series
3.6 Limits (introduction idea)
4. Calculus (Core of Machine Learning)
4.1 Limits and Continuity
4.2 Derivatives (rate of change)
4.3 Rules of Di erentiation
4.4 Partial Derivatives (VERY important for ML)
4.5 Chain Rule (key for neural networks)
4.6 Integration (area under curve)
4.7 Definite vs Indefinite Integrals
4.8 Gradient Concept
4.9 Multivariable Calculus (gradients, surfaces)
4.10 Optimization Basics (minimizing loss functions)
5. Linear Algebra (MOST IMPORTANT FOR AI/ML)
5.1 Scalars, Vectors, Matrices, Tensors
5.2 Vector Operations (addition, dot product, norm)
5.3 Matrix Operations
5.4 Matrix Multiplication (critical for neural nets)
5.5 Identity, Inverse, Transpose
5.6 Linear Transformations
5.7 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
5.8 Determinants
5.9 Basis and Vector Spaces
5.10 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
6. Probability & Statistics (DATA FOUNDATION OF AI)
6.1 Basic Probability Rules
6.2 Conditional Probability
6.3 Bayes’ Theorem (VERY important for ML)
6.4 Random Variables
6.5 Probability Distributions (Normal, Binomial, etc.)
6.6 Expectation and Variance
6.7 Covariance and Correlation
6.8 Sampling and Central Limit Theorem
6.9 Descriptive Statistics
6.10 Hypothesis Testing
6.11 Confidence Intervals
7. Discrete Mathematics (LOGIC OF AI SYSTEMS)
7.1 Logic and Propositions
7.2 Set Theory
7.3 Combinatorics (counting methods)
7.4 Graph Theory (networks, AI structures)
7.5 Relations and Functions (formal view)
7.6 Boolean Algebra
7.7 Proof Techniques (induction, contradiction)
8. Optimization & Mathematical Foundations of ML
8.1 Cost / Loss Functions
8.2 Gradient Descent
8.3 Convex vs Non-Convex Optimization
8.4 Lagrange Multipliers
8.5 Regularization (L1, L2)
8.6 Bias-Variance Tradeo
8.7 Numerical Stability Concepts
9. Information Theory (MODERN AI CORE)
9.1 Entropy
9.2 Cross-Entropy
9.3 KL Divergence
9.4 Information Gain
9.5 Mutual Information
10. Advanced ML Mathematics (DEEP LEARNING PREP)
10.1 Tensors and High-Dimensional Spaces
10.2 Jacobians and Hessians
10.3 Backpropagation Mathematics
10.4 Matrix Decompositions in ML
10.5 Stochastic Processes (basic intro)
10.6 Markov Chains (important for RL & NLP)
11. Applied ML Mathematics Integration
11.1 How Linear Algebra powers Neural Networks
11.2 How Calculus powers Training (Backpropagation)
11.3 How Probability powers Predictions
11.4 How Optimization trains models
11.5 End-to-end mathematical view of ML pipeline