1: Python Basics

Variables and Data Types

x = 5 # integer
y = "Hello" # string
z = 3.14 # float

Data Types:

Integers: Whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals.

age = 25

Floats: Numbers, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals.

pi = 3.14159

Strings: Ordered sequences of characters, enclosed in single, double, or

name = "Alice"

Booleans: Represents one of two values: True or False .

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 is_student = True

Lists: Ordered, mutable collections of items.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections of items.

coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)

Dictionaries: Unordered collections of key-value pairs.

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

Basic Operations
Arithmetic Operations:

Addition: +

Subtraction:

Multiplication:

Division: /

Modulus (remainder): %

Exponentiation: *

Floor Division: //

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 a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b) # 13
print(a - b) # 7
print(a * b) # 30
print(a / b) # 3.3333333333333335
print(a % b) # 1
print(a ** b) # 1000
print(a // b) # 3

Comparison Operations:

Equal: ==

Not Equal: !=

Greater Than: >

Less Than: <

Greater Than or Equal To: >=

Less Than or Equal To: <=

x = 5
y = 10
print(x == y) # False
print(x != y) # True
print(x > y) # False
print(x < y) # True
print(x >= y) # False
print(x <= y) # True

Logical Operations:

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 And: and

Or: or

Not: not

a = True
b = False
print(a and b) # False
print(a or b) # True
print(not a) # False

Control Structures
Conditional Statements:

if , elif , else

x = 10
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")

Loops:

for Loop: Iterates over a sequence (like a list, tuple, dictionary, set, or
string).

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

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 print(fruit)

while Loop: Repeats as long as a condition is true.

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1

Loop Control Statements:

break : Terminates the loop.

: Skips the rest of the code inside the loop for the current iteration
continue

and jumps to the next iteration.

pass : Does nothing; acts as a placeholder.

for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
# 0 1 2 3 4

for i in range(10):
if i % 2 == 0:
continue
print(i)
# 1 3 5 7 9

for i in range(10):
if i % 2 == 0:
pass

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 print(i)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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