Moment Distribution Method
⚫The method of analyzing beams and frames using moment
distribution was developed by Hardy Cross, in 1930. At the time
this method was first published it attracted immediate
attention, and it has been recognized as one of the most notable
advances in structural analysis during the twentieth century. As
will be explained in detail later, moment distribution is a
method of successive approximations that may be carried out to
any desired degree of accuracy. Essentially, the method begins
by assuming each joint of a structure is fixed. Then, by
unlocking and locking each joint in succession, the internal
moments at the joints are “distributed” and balanced until the
joints have rotated to their final or nearly final positions. It will
be found that this process of calculation is both repetitive and
easy to apply. Before explaining the techniques of moment
distribution, however, certain definitions and concepts must be
presented
Sign Convention.
⚫We will establish the same sign convention as that
established for the slope-deflection equations:
Clockwise moments that act on the member are
considered positive, whereas counterclockwise
moments are negative,
is referred to as the stiffness factor at A and can be defined as the amount
of moment M required to rotate the end A of the beam θA = 1 rad.
The statically indeterminate loading in bridge girders that are continuous
over their piers can be determined using the method of moment
distribution.
Moment distribution for Beams
⚫Moment distribution is based on the principle of
successively locking and unlocking the joints of a
structure in order to allow the moments at the joints
to be distributed and balanced. The best way to
explain the method is by examples.
x
Example No 1
⚫Determine the internal moments at each support of
the beam shown in Fig. 12–7a. EI is constant
Example no 2
⚫Determine the internal moment at each support of
the beam shown in Fig. 12–8a. The moment of inertia
of each span is indicated.
Example no 3
⚫Determine the moments at B and C. EI is constant.
Assume B and C are rollers and A and D are pinned.
Solution:
Example no 4
Determine the moments at A, B, and C. Assume the
support at B is a roller and A and C are fixed. EI is constant.
SOLUTION:
Moment Distribution For Frames:
(No side ways )
⚫Application of the moment-distribution method for
frames having no sides way follows the same
procedure as that given for beams. To minimize the
chance for errors, it is suggested that the analysis be
arranged in a tabular form, as in the previous
examples. Also, the distribution of moments can be
shortened if the stiffness factor of a span can be
modified as indicated in the previous section.
EXAMPLE : Determine the internal moments at the
joints of the frame shown in Fig. 12–15a. There is a pin
at E and D and a fixed support at A. EI is constant.
Solution:
Moment Distribution for Frames
( Side ways )
Example no 1
⚫Determine the moments at each joint of the frame
shown in Fig. 12–18a. EI is constant.