Microgrids
DC Microgrid
NANO GRID
• A nanogrid is a basic building block of the microgrid architecture that
integrates its resources in a scalable manner into the community.
Each house contains a roof-mounted solar panel, a few DC loads and
battery storage. The bidirectional flow of power is controlled via
power electronic converters referred to as central power processing
units (CPPUs). A CPPU contains a microcontroller along with a
maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based DC-DC converter and a
bidirectional flyback converter
MICROGRID
• A microgrid can be defined as power cluster of distributed
generation, load, and energy storage device accumulated
together in the vicinity to each other. It gives opportunity to
utilize renewable energy sources for green and clean
environment.
DC MICROGRID
• A microgrid can be defined as power cluster of distributed
generation, load, and energy storage device accumulated
together in the vicinity to each other. ... The DC terminals are
connected to electronic loads, electric vehicles, and batteries
which form a Direct Current Microgrid.
AC MICROGRID
• AC microgrid. An AC microgrid connects to the distribution
network via an AC bus, and the AC bus controls
the microgrid's connection to and disconnection from the
distribution network through the circuit breaker at the PCC.
Ac and dc microgrid
Ac/dc microgrid
Integration system (CLO2)
• the block diagram of the current control system. In the decoupled d-
axis and q-axis current control loops, two conventional PI controllers
are employed to eliminate current errors. The grid voltage vector is
used in a feed-forward loop to compensate for the grid harmonics.
• The outputs of PI controllers are inductor filter voltage references
vLd* and vLq* that are superimposed by vgd and vgq to generate the
inverter output voltage references vd* and vq* for SVPWM, as
proposed by the Authors. The current references id* and iq* are
provided by the output of PV Array.
Current control loop
Grid Tie Mode
ABC to DQ0
Vabc PLL Clarke &Park Vdq
θ Transformati
Id Vd on Idq
− Vabc Iabc
Idref
PI ∑
Vdcref _
Iq
Reference ωl Vdref
DQ0 SVPWM
current to
Vdc Id ωl Vqref Vabc
+ ABC
PI ∑
Iqref −
θ
Iq Vq
GRID TIE MODE
• Current control mode of operation
• P/Q control mode
• Unity power factor
• Power flow from microgrids towards utility grid.
𝑳𝒅𝒊𝒅
• 𝑽𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒇 = 𝑽𝒅 − 𝝎𝑳𝑰𝒒 + 𝒅𝒕
𝑳𝒅𝒊𝒒
• 𝑽𝒒𝒓𝒆𝒇 = 𝑽𝒒 + 𝝎𝑳𝑰𝒅 + 𝒅𝒕
Voltage control loop
Island Mode
θref ABC to Vdq∗
Vd* dq0
Idq*
− Id* Vabc Iabc
Idref +
Vd +
PI PI ∑
Iq −
Vdc ωl
Reference DQ0
SVPW
voltages To
ωl M
Vdcref ABC
Id
+
PI PI ∑
Vq + − Iqref +
Vq* Iq*
• Effective control strategies for reliable photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems are needed to efficiently use
solar energy, an abundant and clean renewable energy source
• Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) has been widely applied in the current control of three-phase
voltage source inverters (VSIs).
• The control strategy combines a constant voltage tracking method for
the variable photovoltaic power with SVPWM-based proptional-
intergral (PI) current controller in a single stage three-phase PV grid-
connected system.
Hybrid System
Results
• Case 1.
• Grid tie Mode operation
• PV radiation varies from 3 to 5 seconds
• Constant load profile
PV and PMSG Power
DC Link Voltage
Microgrid active and reactive
power
Utility grid active and reactive
power
Voltage and current of microgrid
Voltage and current of utility grid
PMSG and PV Power case 2
DC Link Voltage
Active and Reactive power of microgrid
Active and reactive power of
utility grid
Case 3
• Grid tie mode operation
• Load decrease from 10 Kw to 5 Kw
• 5 Kw is injected to utility grid
Active and Reactive power of microgrid
Active and Reactive power of
utility grid
Case 4
• Grid tie mode to island mode
• Constant power generation
• Constant load profile
Active and Reactive power of
microgrid
Voltage and current of microgrid
in zoom