Detailed Computer Basics Notes for AIIMS Pharmacist
Exam
1. Introduction to Computer
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data as input, processes it according to instructions, stores it,
and gives meaningful output.
IPO Cycle:
Input → Process → Output
Examples: ATM, Mobile, Laptop, Desktop, Tablet
2. Characteristics of Computer
Speed: Performs millions of calculations per second.
Accuracy: Gives correct results if data is correct.
Storage: Stores large amount of data.
Automation: Works automatically after instructions.
Versatility: Used in hospitals, banks, schools, railway etc.
3. Components of Computer
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, MICR, Barcode Reader.
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of computer.
It contains:
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• CU (Control Unit)
• Memory Unit
4. Hardware and Software
Hardware: Physical parts of computer that can be touched.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, CPU.
Software: Collection of programs.
Examples: Windows, MS Word, Chrome.
5. Types of Software
System Software: Runs the computer system.
Example: Operating System.
Application Software: Used for specific tasks.
Example: MS Word, Excel.
Utility Software: Antivirus, Disk Cleanup.
6. Memory and Storage
RAM: Temporary memory (Volatile).
ROM: Permanent memory (Non-volatile).
Units:
• 1 Byte = 8 bits
• 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
• 1 MB = 1024 KB
• 1 GB = 1024 MB
• 1 TB = 1024 GB
7. Operating System
Operating System acts as interface between user and hardware.
Functions:
• File Management
• Memory Management
• Device Management
• Security
Examples: Windows, Linux, Android, macOS
8. MS Word Basics
MS Word is a word processing software.
Important Shortcuts:
• Ctrl + C = Copy
• Ctrl + V = Paste
• Ctrl + X = Cut
• Ctrl + S = Save
• Ctrl + Z = Undo
• Ctrl + P = Print
9. MS Excel Basics
MS Excel is spreadsheet software.
Important Terms:
• Row = Horizontal
• Column = Vertical
• Cell = Intersection of row and column
Formulas:
• =SUM()
• =AVERAGE()
• =MAX()
• =MIN()
10. Internet and Networking
Internet is worldwide network of computers.
Terms:
• WWW = World Wide Web
• URL = Address of webpage
• HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• Browser = Chrome, Firefox, Edge
• Email = Electronic Mail
11. Computer Virus and Security
A virus is harmful software that damages data.
Types:
• Worm
• Trojan Horse
• Spyware
Protection:
• Antivirus
• Firewall
• Strong Passwords
12. Important AIIMS Previous Year Facts
• CPU is brain of computer.
• RAM is volatile memory.
• ROM is permanent memory.
• ALU performs calculations.
• Ctrl + S saves file.
• Keyboard is input device.
• Printer is output device.
• Windows is operating system.
Most Important Shortcut Keys
Shortcut Key Function
Ctrl + C Copy
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + X Cut
Ctrl + S Save
Ctrl + Z Undo
Ctrl + A Select All
Ctrl + P Print
Ctrl + N New File
Practice MCQs
1. Which part is called the brain of computer? Ans: CPU
2. Which memory is temporary? Ans: RAM
3. Which key combination is used to save file? Ans: Ctrl + S
4. What is full form of WWW? Ans: World Wide Web
5. Which device is used for printing? Ans: Printer
6. Which software is used for calculations? Ans: MS Excel
7. Which unit is larger: MB or KB? Ans: MB
8. Which software protects from virus? Ans: Antivirus