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Class9 Cell Expanded CBSE Notes

The document covers the fundamental unit of life, the cell, detailing its discovery, theory, types, and organelles. It explains the differences between plant and animal cells, including their structures and functions. Key concepts such as osmosis, diffusion, and the roles of various organelles are also highlighted.

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6 views4 pages

Class9 Cell Expanded CBSE Notes

The document covers the fundamental unit of life, the cell, detailing its discovery, theory, types, and organelles. It explains the differences between plant and animal cells, including their structures and functions. Key concepts such as osmosis, diffusion, and the roles of various organelles are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

raviraj8521320800
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CBSE Class 9 Biology – Chapter: The Fundamental

Unit of Life (Complete Notes)

1. Introduction
Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.

2. Discovery of Cell
Robert Hooke discovered cells in cork (1665). Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells.

3. Cell Theory
Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory. Virchow added: New cells arise from pre-existing
cells.

4. Types of Organisms
Unicellular organisms contain one cell. Multicellular organisms contain many cells.

5. Cell Shape and Size


Cells vary in shape and size according to function.

6. Cell Organelles
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, plastids, lysosomes and
vacuoles.

7. Plasma Membrane
Selectively permeable membrane controlling movement of substances.

8. Osmosis and Diffusion


Diffusion: movement from high to low concentration. Osmosis: movement of water through
semipermeable membrane.

9. Cell Wall
Present in plants; provides rigidity and protection.

10. Nucleus
Controls cell activities and contains chromosomes.

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum


RER makes proteins; SER makes fats.
12. Golgi Apparatus
Packages and transports materials.

13. Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell.

14. Plastids
Chloroplast, chromoplast and leucoplast.

15. Lysosomes
Suicidal bags of the cell.

16. Vacuoles
Store food and waste materials.
Well-labelled Plant Cell

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Vacuole
Chloroplast

Well-labelled Animal Cell

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Plant Cell vs Animal Cell


• Plant cells have cell wall; animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplast; animal cells do not.
• Plant vacuole is large; animal vacuole is small.

Mind Map
Theory

Discovery CELL Organelles

Plant Animal
Types

NCERT Keywords
• Cell
• Organelle
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Chromosome
• Plasma membrane
• Mitochondria

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