NCERT Basics : Class 10

NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE : 8.1 2. In fig, find tan P – cot R.
1. In ABC, right angled at B, AB = 24 cm, P
BC = 7 cm. Determine : (i) sin A, cos A
(ii) sin C, cos C. 12 cm 13 cm
Sol. By Pythagoras Theorem,
Q R
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = (24)2 + (7)2 = 625
 AC = 625 = 25 cm. Sol. In figure, by the Pythagoras Theorem,
BC QR2 = PR2 – PQ2 = (13)2 – (12)2 = 25
(i) sin A =
AC
 QR = 25 = 5 cm
 side opposite to angle A 
i.e.,  In PQR right angled at Q, QR = 5 cm is
 Hyp. 
side opposite to the angle P and PQ = 12
7
= ( BC = 7 cm and AC = 25 cm) cm is side adjacent to the angle P.
25
QR 5
A Therefore, tan P = = .
PQ 12
Now, QR = 5 cm is side adjacent to the
24 cm
angle R and PQ = 12 cm is side opposite

B 7 cm C to the angle R.
QR 5
AB  side adjacent to angle A  Therefore, cot R = =
cos A = i.e.,  PQ 12
AC  Hyp. 
5 5
24 Hence, tan P – cot R = − =0
= ( AB = 24 cm and AC = 25 cm) 12 12
25 \\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
3
3. If sin A = , calculate cos A and tan A.
AB  side opposite to angle C  4
(ii) sin C = i.e., 
AC  Hyp.  Sol. In figure,
24 3
= sin A =
25 4
BC
cos C = BC 3
AC  =
AC 4
 side adjacent to angle C   BC = 3k
i.e., 
 Hyp. 
and AC = 4k
7
= where k is the constant of proportionality.
25

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By Pythagoras Theorem, 13
5. Given sec  = , calculate all other
12
C
trigonometric ratios.
4k 3k
Sol. A

A B 13

AB2 = AC2 – BC2 = (4k)2 – (3k)2 = 7k2 

B 12 C
 AB = 7 k
13
AB 7k 7 sec  =
So, cos A = = = 12
AC 4k 4
AC 13
BC 3k 3  =
and tan A = = = BC 12
AB 7k 7
By Pythagoras Theorem,
4. Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Sol. A
(13k)2 = AB2 + (12k)2

8 AB2 = 169k2 – 144k2

B C AB = 25k 2 = 5k
15

AB 5k 5
8 sin  = = =
cot A = AC 13k 13
15
BC 12k 12
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

AB 8 cos  = = =
 = AC 13k 13
BC 15
AB 5k 5
 AB = 8k tan  = = =
BC 12k 12
and BC = 15k
BC 12k 12
cot  = = =
Now, AC = (8k)2 + (15k)2 = 17k AB 5k 5

AC 13k 13
BC 15k 15 cosec  = = =
sin A = = = AB 5k 5
AC 17k 17
6. If A and B are acute angles such that
AC 17k 17
sec A = = =
AB 8k 8 cos A = cos B, then show that A = B.

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
Sol. In figure A and B are acute angles of Sol. In figure,
ABC. C

Draw CD ⊥ AB.
8k
We are given that cos A = cos B
C 
A 7k B

7
cot  =
8
AB 7
 =
A D B BC 8
AD BD  AB = 7k
 = =k … (1)
AC BC and BC = 8k
AD = kAC Now, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
BD = kBC = (7k)2 + (8k)2 = 113 k2
In ACD  AC = 113 k

CD = AC2 − AD2 BC 8k 8
Then sin  = = =
AC 113 k 113
CD = AC2 − k 2 AC2
AB 7k 7
and cos  = = = .
CD = AC 1 − k 2
… (2) AC 113 k 113
In BCD (1 + sin ) (1 − sin )
(i) =
(1 + cos ) (1 − cos )
CD = BC2 − BD2
 8  8 
CD = BC2 − k 2BC2 1 +  1 − 
 113  113 
 7  7 
CD = BC 1 − k 2
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
… (3) 1 +  1 − 
 113  113 
equation (2) and (3)
( 113 + 8) ( 113 − 8) ( 113)2 –(8)2
CD AC =
= ( 113 + 7) ( 113 − 7) ( 113)2 –(7)2
CD BC
AC = BC { (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2}

 A = B (Angles opposite to equal 113 − 64 49

= =
sides are equal) 113 − 49 64
7
7 (ii) cot  =
7. If cot  = evaluate : 8
8
2
(1 + sin ) (1 − sin ) 2  7  49
(i)
2
(ii) cot   cot  =   =
(1 + cos ) (1 − cos )  8  64

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8. If 3 cot A = 4, check whether 9. In triangle ABC right angled at B, if tan
1 − tan2 A 1
= cos2 A – sin2 A or not. A= , find the value of :
1 + tan A
2
3
Sol. In figure,
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
A
(ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C.
Sol. C
4k

2k
 k
C 3k B
3 cot A = 4 
4 B 3k A
 cot A =
3
1
AB 4 tan A =
 = 3
BC 3
 AB = 4k and BC = 3k BC 1
=
Now, AC = (4k)2 + (3k)2 = 5k BA 3
BC 3k 3 BC = k and BA = 3k
Then sin A = = = ,
AC 5k 5
AC2 = BC2 + BA2
AB 4k 4
cos A = = =
AC 5k 5 = k2 + ( 3k )2 = k2 + 3k2 = 4k2
BC 3k 3
and tan A = = = AC = 4k 2 = 2k
AB 4k 4
2 (i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
3
1– 
1 − tan A
2
4 1 1 3 3 1 3
LHS = = = × + × = + =1
1 + tan A
2
3
2
2 2 2 2 4 4
1+ 
4 (ii) cos A . cos C – sin A . sin C
9
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

1− 3 1 1 3 3 3
= 16 = 16 − 9 = 7 = × – × = – =0
9 2 2 2 2 4 4
1+ 16 + 9 25
16 10. In PQR, right angled at Q, PR + QR = 25
2 2
 4 3 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values
RHS = cos2 A – sin2 A =   –  
 5  5 of sin P, cos P and tan P.
16 9 7 Sol. In figure,
= − =
25 25 25
P
Therefore, LHS = RHS,
1 − tan2 A
i.e., = cos2 A – sin2 A
1 + tan A
2 5cm

 7 
 Each side = 25 
  Q R

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
PQ = 5 cm EXERCISE : 8.2
PR + QR = 25 cm 1. Evaluate :
i.e., PR = 25 cm – QR (i) sin 60° cos 30° + sin 30° cos 60°
2 2 2
Now, PR = PQ + QR
(ii) 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°
2 2 2
 (25 – QR) = (5) + QR
cos 45
 625 – 50 × QR + QR2 = 25 + QR2 (iii)
sec 30 + cosec 30
 50 × QR = 600  QR = 12 cm
and PR = 25 cm – 12cm = 13 cm sin30° + tan 45° – cosec 60°
(iv)
sec 30° + cos 60° + cot 45°
QR 12 PQ 5
We find sin P = = , cos P = =
PR 13 PR 13 5 cos2 60° + 4 sec2 30° – tan2 45°
(v)
QR 12 sin2 30° + cos2 30°
and tan P = =
PQ 5
Sol. (i) sin 60° cos 30° + sin 30° cos 60°
11. State whether the following are true or
2
false. Justify your answer.  3  3   1  1   3   1 2
= +  =  + 
(i) The value of tan A is always less than 1.  2 
 2   2 
 2   2   2 
  
12
(ii) sec A = for some value of angle A. 3 1
5 = + =1
4 4
(iii) cos A is the abbreviation used for the
cosecant of angle A. (ii) 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°
(iv) cot A is the product of cot and A. 2 2
4  3
2  3
= 2 × (1) +  –
(v) sin  = for some angle .  2   2 
3    
Sol. (i) False
3 3
=2+ – =2
We know that, tan 60° = 3  1. 4 4
(ii) True \\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
cos 45
We know that, value of sec A is always  1. (iii)
sec 30 + cosec 30
(iii) False
Because cos A is abbreviation used for 1/ 2 1/ 2 1( 3)
= = =
2
cosine A. + 2 2  1 + 3  2 2(1 + 3)
3  3 
(iv) False 
Because cot A is not the product of cot
3 ( 3 − 1) 3( 3 − 1)
and A. = × =
2( 2) ( 3 + 1)( 3 − 1) 2 2 2
(v) False
Because value of sin  cannot be more (3 − 3) (3 − 3) 2 3 2− 6
= =  =
than 1. 4 2 4 2 2 8

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sin 30 + tan 45 − cosec 60 1 − tan2 45
(iv) (ii) =
sec 30 + cos 60 + cot 45 1 + tan2 45
1 2 (A) tan 90° (B) 1
+1−
2 3 (C) sin 45° (D) 0
=
2 1
+ +1 (iii) sin 2A = 2 sin A is true when A =
3 2
(A) 0° (B) 30°
3 +2 3 −4
(3 3 − 4) (4 − 3 3) (C) 45° (D) 60°
= 2 3 =
4+ 3 +2 3 (4 + 3 3) (4 − 3 3) 2tan 30
(iv) =
2 3 1 − tan2 30

12 3 − 27 − 16 + 12 3 (A) cos 60° (B) sin 60°

=
16 − 9  3 (C) tan 60° (D) sin 30°

24 3 − 43 43 − 24 3 Sol. (i) Option (A)

= =
−11 11  1  2
2 
2 tan 30°  3
5 cos2 60° + 4 sec2 30° – tan2 45° = = 3
(v) 1 + tan 30
2
 1  1+ 1
2
sin2 30° + cos2 30° 1+  3
 3
5(cos 60°)2 + 4 (sec 30°)2 – (tan 45°)2
=
(sin 30°)2 + (cos 30°)2 2 3 3
= × = = sin 60°
2 2 3 4 2
1  2 
5  + 4   –(1)2 5 + 4  4 –1 (ii) Option (D)
2  3
= =4 3
2 2
1 3 1 − tan2 45 1 − 1
1  3  + = =0
 2  +  2  4 4 1 + tan2 45 1 + 1
   
(iii) Option (A)
5 16
+ −1
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

4 3 5 16 By option 0°
= = + −1
1 3 4 3 sin2A = sin0° = 0
+
4 4
2sin0° = 2 × 0 = 0
15 + 64 − 12 67
= = (iv) Option (C)
12 12
2tan 30
2. Choose the correct option and justify your
1 − tan2 30
choice:
1 2 2
2
2 tan30° 3 = 3 = 3 = 3 =
(i) = = 3
1 + tan2 30  1 
2
1 2 3
1− 1−
 3 3
(A) sin 60° (B) cos 60°  3 
(C) tan 60° (D) sin 30° = tan 60°

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
1 (iii) False
3. If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A – B) = ;
3 Note that cos 0° = 1,
0° < A + B  90°; A > B, find A and B. 3
cos 30° = = 0.87 (approx.)
Sol. tan (A + B) = 3  A + B = 60° ... (1) 2
1 1
tan (A – B) =  A – B = 30° ... (2) cos 45° = = 0.7 (approx.),
3 2
1
Adding (1) and (2), cos 60° = = 0.5 and cos 90° = 0
2
2A = 90°  A = 45°
i.e., value of cos  decreases as  increases
Then from (1), 45° + B = 60°  B = 15°
from 0° to 90°.
4. State whether the following are true or
(iv) False, it is true for only  = 45°
false. Justify your answer. 1
(i) sin (A + B) = sin A + sin B (v) True, cot A = = not defined.
0
(ii) The value of sin  increases as  increases. EXERCISE : 8.3
(iii) The value of cos  increases as  1. Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec
increases. A and tan A in terms of cot A.
(iv) sin  = cos  for all values of . Sol. We have cosec2 A – cot2 A = 1
(v) cot A is not defined for A = 0°.  cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A
Sol. (i) False  (cosec A)2 = cot2 A + 1
When A = 60°, B = 30° 2
 1  2
LHS = sin (A + B) = sin (60° + 30°)    = cot A + 1
 sin A 
= sin 90° = 1
1
RHS = sin A + sin B  (sin A)2 =
cot A + 1
2

= sin 60° + sin 30°

1
3 1  sin A = ± We reject negative
= + 1 cot A + 1
2

2 2
value of sin A for acute angle A. Therefore, \\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
i.e., LHS  RHS
1
(ii) True sin A =
cot 2 A + 1
1
Note that sin 0° = 0,sin 30° = = 0.5,
2 We have sec2 A – tan2 A = 1

sin 45° =
1
= 0.7 (approx.),  sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A
2 1 cot 2 A + 1
=1+ =
3 cot 2 A cot 2 A
sin 60° = = 0.87 (approx.)
2 cot 2 A + 1
 sec A =
and sin 90° = 1 cot A
i.e., value of sin  increases as  increases 1
 tan A =
from 0° to 90°. cot A

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2. Write all the other trigonometric ratios of (ii) Option (C)
A in terms of sec A. (1 + tan  + sec ) (1 + cot  – cosec )
 sin  1   cos  1 
Sol. (i) sin A = 1 − cos2 A = 1 + +  × 1 + − 
 cos  cos    sin  sin  
1 sec2 A − 1  cos  + sin  + 1   sin  + cos  − 1 
= 1− = =   
sec2 A sec A  cos    sin  
1 =
(ii) cos A = {(cos  + sin ) + 1}  {(cos  + sin ) − 1}
sec A
cos  sin 
(iii) tan A = sec2 A − 1 (cos  + sin )2 –(1)2
=
1 1 cos  sin 
(iv) cot A = =
tan A sec2 A − 1 { (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2}

1 sec A cos2  + sin2  + 2cos  sin  − 1

(v) cosec A = = =
sin A sec2 A − 1 cos  sin 
1 + 2cos  sin  − 1
3. Choose the correct option. Justify your = = 2.
cos  sin 
choice : (iii) Correct option is (D).
(i) 9 sec2 A – 9 tan2 A = (sec A + tan A)(1 – sin A)
(A) 1 (B) 9 sin2 A
= sec A – tan A + tan A –
cos A
(C) 8 (D) 0
1 sin2 A 1 − sin2 A
(ii) (1 + tan  + sec ) (1 + cot  – cosec ) = = – =
cos A cos A cos A
(A) 0 (B) 1 cos2 A
= = cos A
(C) 2 (D) – 1 cos A
(iii) (sec A + tan A)(1 – sin A) = (iv) Correct option is (D).
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

(A) sec A (B) sin A 1 + tan2 A sec2 A 2

= = tan A
1 + cot A cosec A
2 2

(C) cosec A (D) cos A

4. Prove the following identities, where the
1 + tan2 A angles involved are acute angles for
(iv) =
1 + cot 2 A which the expressions are defined.
(A) sec2 A (B) – 1 1 − cos 
(i) (cosec  – cot )2 = .
1 + cos 
(C) cot2 A (D) tan2 A
cos A 1 + sin A
(ii) + = 2 sec A.
Sol. (i) Option (B) 1 + sin A cos A
9 sec2 A – 9 tan2 A = 9 (sec2 A – tan2 A) tan  cot 
(iii) + = 1 + sec  cosec .
1 − cot  1 − tan 
= 9 × 1 = 9.

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1 + sec A sin2 A tan  cot 
(iv) = . (iii) LHS = +
sec A 1 − cos A 1 − cot  1 − tan 
cos A − sin A + 1  sin    cos  
(v) = cosec A + cot A, using  cos    
cos A + sin A − 1    sin  
= +
 cos    sin  
the identity cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A.  1 − sin    1 − cos  
   
1 + sin A
(vi) = sec A + tan A. sin  sin 
1 − sin A = +
cos  (sin  – cos )
sin  − 2sin3  cos  cos 
(vii) = tan .
2cos3  − cos  sin  (cos  – sin )

(viii) (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 sin2 

= –
cos  (sin  – cos )
= 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A.
cos2 
(ix) (cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A)
sin  (sin  – cos )
1
= . sin  sin2  – cos  cos2 
tan A + cot A =
cos  sin  (sin  – cos )
2
 1 + tan2 A   1 − tan A  2 sin3  − cos3 
(x)  =  = tan A. =
 1 + cot A   1 − cot A 
2
cos  sin  (sin  – cos )
Sol. (i) LHS = (cosec  – cot )2 =
2 2 (sin  – cos ) (sin2  + cos2  + sin  cos )
 1 cos    1 − cos  
= –  =  cos  sin  (sin  – cos )
 sin  sin    sin  
{ a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
(1 − cos )2 (1 − cos )2
= = sin2  + cos2  + sin  cos 
sin2  1 − cos2  =
cos  sin 
(1 − cos )2 1 − cos  1 + sin  cos  1
= = = = +1
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
(1 − cos )  (1 + cos ) 1 + cos  cos  sin  cos  sin 
 LHS = RHS.  1  1 
=1 +   
cos A 1 + sin A  cos   sin  
(ii) LHS = +
1 + sin A cos A = 1 + sec  cosec 
cos A + (1 + sin A)
2 2
 LHS = RHS
=
cos A(1 + sin A) 1
1+
1 + sec A cos A cos A + 1
cos2 A + 1 + sin2 A + 2sin A (iv) L.H.S. = = =
= sec A 1 1
cos A(1 + sin A)
cos A
2(1 + sin A)
= sin2 A 1 − cos2 A
cos A(1 + sin A) R.H.S. = = = 1+cos A
1 − cos A 1 − cos A
= 2 sec A = R.H.S.  L.H.S. = R.H.S.

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cos A − sin A + 1 sin  − 2sin3 
(v) LHS = (vii) L.H.S. =
cos A + sin A − 1 2cos3  − cos 
cos A sin A 1 sin (1 − 2sin2 )
– + =
sin A sin A sin A cos (2cos2  − 1)
=
cos A sin A 1 sin (sin2  + cos2  − 2sin2 )
+ – =
sin A sin A sin A cos (2cos2  − sin2  − cos2 )
tan (cos2  − sin2 )
(Dividing the numerator and =
(cos2  − sin2 )
denominator by sin A) = tan  = R.H.S.
cot A –1 + cosec A (cosec A + cot A)–1 (viii)L.H.S. = (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2
= =
cot A + 1– cosec A {1 + cot A – cosec A} = sin2 A + cosec2 A + 2 + cos2 A + sec2 A + 2

(cosec A + cot A)–(cosec2 A – cot 2 A) = 4 + 1 + 1 + cot2 A + 1 + tan2 A

= = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A = R.H.S.
{1 + cot A – cosec A}
(ix) LHS = (cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A)
( cosec2A = 1 + cot2A, i.e., cosec2 A – cot2A = 1)  1   1 
= − sin A    − cos A 
 sin A   cos A 
(cosec A + cot A)–(cosec A +cot A) × (cosec A – cot A)
1 − sin2 A 1 − cos2 A
{1 + cot A – cosec A} = 
sin A cos A
2 2
{ (a + b) (a – b) = a – b } cos2 A sin2 A
=  = sin A cos A
sin A cos A
= (cosec A + cot A) × {1 – (cosec A – cot A)} Now, RHS = 1 1
{1 + cot A – cosec A} =
tan A + cot A sin A + cos A
cos A sin A
= (cosec A + cot A) × {1 + cot A – cosec A}
{1 + cot A – cosec A} 1 sin Acos A
= =
sin A + cos A sin2 A + cos2 A
2 2

= cosec A + cot A
sin Acos A
= RHS sin Acos A
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

=
1
1 + sin A
(vi) LHS = = (1 + sin A) (1 + sin A)  LHS = RHS.
1 − sin A (1 − sin A) (1 + sin A)
 1 + tan2 A  sec2 A
(x) L.H.S. =   =
 1 + cot A  cosec A
2 2
(1 + sin A) 2
(1 + sin A) 2
= =
(1) − (sin A) 1 − sin2 A = tan2 A = R.H.S.
2 2

2
 cos A − sin A 
(1 + sin A)2
1 + sin A
 1 − tan A   
2
= = cos A
2
cos A cos A &  =  
 1 − cot A   sin A − cos A 
 sin A 
1 sin A  
= + = sec A + tan A 2
cos A cos A sin A
= 2
= tan2 A = R.H.S.
cos A
 LHS = RHS.

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NCERT Basics : Class 10

EXERCISE-01
Multiple Choice Questions 1 1
5. Given that sin  = and cos  = , then
1. In ABC, B = 90°. If AB = 14 cm and AC 2 2
the value of ( + ) is
= 50 cm, then tan A equals
(1) 0° (2) 30°
24 24
(1) (2) (3) 60° (4) 90°
25 7
TM03-0068
7 25 6. If sin  – cos  = 0, then the value of
(3) (4)
24 24 (sin4  + cos4 ) is
TM01-0124 3
(1) 1 (2)
12 4
2. If sin  = , then the value of
13 1 1
(3) (4)
2cos  + 3tan  2 4
is TM03-0069
sin  + tan  sin 
7. sin 30° + cos 60° equals
12 5
(1) (2) 1+ 3
5 13 (1) (2) 3
2
259 259
(3) (4) (3) 1 (4) None of these
102 65
TM13-0005
TM02-0041 8. The value of 2 tan 60° – 4 cos2 45° – 3
2

8 sec2 30° is
3. If angle A is acute and cos A = then cot
17 (1) 0 (2) 1
A is (3) 12 (4) 8
8 17 TM13-0006
(1) (2) 3
15 8 9. The value of tan2 30° – 3 sin2 60° +
4
15 17
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
(3) (4) cosec2 45° is
8 15
(1) 1 (2) 8
TM01-0125
(3) 0 (4) 12
p2 +q2 TM03-0067
4. If sec  = , then the value of the
q 3
10. If 3x = cosec and = cot, then
x
psin θ − qcos θ
is  1
psin θ + qcos θ 3 x 2 − 2  is equal to
 x 
p p2
(1) (2) 1 1
q q2 (1) (2)
27 81
p2 − q2 p2 +q2 1 1
(3) (4) (3) (4)
p2 +q2 p2 − q2 3 9
TM05-0096
TM08-0066
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 Mathematics
11. The value of 3° + 2° – 5° is equal to 17. If cot  + cos  = p and cot  – cos  = q,
13 17
(1) (2) then the value of p2 – q2 is
6 4
(3) 1 (4) 4 (1) 2 pq (2) 4 pq
TM03-0053
(3) 2pq (4) 4pq
12. If  +  = 90° and  = 2 then cos2  + sin2
 equals to TM05-0094
(1) 1 (2) zero 18. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then the value of the
1
(3) (4) 2 expression (cos2 A + cos4 A+1) is
2
TM03-0065 1
(1) 1 (2)
1 2
13. If sin  = , then cot =
2
(3) 2 (4) 3
1
(1) (2) 3
3 TM05-0093

3 19. sec  is equal to

(3) (4) 1
2
TM03-0063 1 1 + cot 2 
(1) (2)
1 − cos2  cot 
14. If ABC is right angled at C, then the value
of cos (A + B) is
cot  cosec 2 θ − 1
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) (4)
1 + cot 2  cosec θ
1 3
(3) (4)
2 2 TM14-0066
TM03-0064
20. In figure, if D is the midpoint of BC. Find
15. 7 sin2 +3 cos2  = 4 then
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

cotx°
1 1 the value of .
(1) tan  = (2) tan  = coty°
2 2
1 1 A
(3) tan  = (4) tan  =
3 3
TM05-0095 x° y°
C B
D
16. The solution of the trigonometric
cos2  (1) 1 (2) 0
equation = 3, 0° <  < 90°
cot 2  − cos2 
1
(1)  = 0° (2)  = 30° (3) 2 (4)
2
(3)  = 60° (4)  = 90°
TM01-0213
TM14-0086

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
Assertion and Reason 24. Assertion (A): In a right ABC, right
21. Assertion (A) : If x = 2 sin2 and angled at B, if tan A = 1, then [Link] = 1
y = 2cos2 + 1, then the value of x + y = 3. 1 1
Reason (R) : sin A = ; cos A =
2 2
Reason (R) : For any value of , sin2 +
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is
cos2 = 1.
the correct explanation of (A)
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is (2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
the correct explanation of (A) not the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is (3) (A) is true but (R) is false
not the correct explanation of (A) (4) (A) is false but (R) is true
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false TM01-0478
25. Assertion (A) : In ABC, right-angled at
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true
B, AB, = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. The value of tan
TM14-0153
24
22. Assertion (A) : The value of C is .
7
sin60°.cos30° + sin30°.cos60° is 1 AB
Reason (R) : tan C = .
Reason (R) : sin 90° = 1 and cos 90° = 0 BC
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is
the correct explanation of (A)
the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
not the correct explanation of (A)
not the correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false (4) (A) is false but (R) is true
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true TM06-0038
TM03-0277 True or False
23. Assertion (A) : sin A is the product of sin 26. The value of sin  + cos  is always greater
than 1. \\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
and A.
TM06-0010
Reason (R) : The value of sin increases
27. The value of tan  ( < 90°) increases as 
as  increases, where 0°    90°.
increases.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is
TM03-0062
the correct explanation of (A)
28. (1 − cos2 )sec2  = tan 
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
TM05-0091
not the correct explanation of (A)
29. If cos A + cos2 A = 1, then sin2 A + sin4 A = 1.
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false TM05-0092
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true 30. (tan  + 2) (2 tan  + 1) = 5 tan  + sec2 .
TM01-0477 TM05-0090

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 Mathematics

ANSWER KEY
Multiple choice questions
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 2 3 1 3 4 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 4
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Answer 3 2 3 2 4 1 2 4 1 1

True or False
26. False 27. True 28. True 29. True
30. False
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

[133]
NCERT Basics : Class 10

EXERCISE-02
Exercise-02
Very short answer type questions 9. If A = 60°, B = 30°, verify each of the
1. In the adjoining fig, determine : following:
sin  + sin  (i) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B.
C cot Acot B − 1
(ii) cot (A + B) =
13  cot A + cot B
5–x
 TM03-0122
B x A
10. (i) Assume that tan (A + B) =
TM01-0426 tan A + tanB
, find tan 75° when
1 1 − tan A tanB
2. What is the maximum value of ?
sec  A = 45°, B = 30°.
TM06-0006 (ii) Assume cos (A–B) = cosA cosB +
o
2tan 30 sinA sinB, find cos 15° when A = 45°,
3. Evaluate :
1 − tan2 30o B = 30°.
TM03-0061 TM03-0047
Short answer type questions 11. Find the value of  in each of the following if :
3
4. If cos A = , (i) 2 cos 3 = 1
5
(ii) 2 3 tan  = 6
5sin A + 3sec A − 3tan A
evaluate
4cot A + 4cosec A + 5cos A 1 − tan2  1
(iii) =
TM01-0140 1 + tan2  2

4 12 TM03-0059
5. If sin  = and cos  = . find sin  cos
5 13 12. Evaluate the following :

\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th
 + cos  sin  1 + tan2 30o
(i) + cosec2 60° – cos2 45° +
TM01-0141 1 − tan2 30o
1 + cos  16 1 + cot  1 + cot 2 60o
6. If = , find sin2 45° +
1 − cos  9 1 − cot  1 − cot 2 60o
TM01-0074 (ii) 4 (sin4 30° + cos4 60°) – 3 (cos2 45° – 1)
sec  − tan  36 cosec  − sec  TM03-0178
7. If = , find
sec  + tan  49 cosec  + sec 
13. Find the value of x in each of the following.
TM01-0075 (i) (x + 1) (sin4 60° + cos4 30°) – x (tan2
8. If tan (2A + B) = 3 and cot (3A – B) = 3 60° – tan2 45°) + (x + 2) cos2 45° = 1.
find A and B. (ii) sin 2x = sin 60° cos 30° – cos 60° sin 30°.
TM03-0058 TM03-0060

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14. Prove : Long answer type questions
tan3  cot 3  sin  + cos  sin  − cos 
+ = sec  cosec  – 2 23. Prove : +
1 + tan2  1 + cot 2  sin  − cos  sin  + cos 

sin  cos  2 2sec2 

= =
sin2  − cos2  tan2  − 1
TM05-0085
TM05-0072
2
1 + cot 2   1 + cot   24. Prove :
15. Prove : =  
1 + tan   1 + tan  
2
1 + cot  1 − cot  2
+ =
TM05-0086 1 − cot  1 + cot  sin  − cos2 
2

cot  TM05-0185
16. Prove : =1
cos  cosec  + sin  cos 
3
cosec θ − 1 cosec θ+1
25. Prove : + = 2 sec 
TM05-0069 cosec θ+1 cosec θ − 1
1 − sin  TM05-0073
17. Prove : = 1 + 2 tan2  – 2 tan sec
1 + sin  26. Prove :
TM05-0087 sec  + 1 − tan  tan  + sec  − 1
+
sec  + 1 + tan  tan  − sec  + 1
18. Prove :
= 2 sec 
 cos3  − sin3    cos3  + sin3  
 −  TM05-0150
 cos  − sin    cos  + sin  
1 − cos 
= 2 sin  cos . 27. Prove : = cosec  – cot 
1 + cos 
TM05-0070
TM05-0074
1 1
19. Prove : + = 2 sec2  cosec  + cot 
1 − sin  1 + sin  28. Prove :
cosec  − cot 
TM05-0088 = 1 + 2cot2  + 2cosec  cot 
\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

1 1 TM05-0078
20. Prove : + = 2 sec 
sec  − tan  sec  + tan 
29. Prove :
TM05-0089
cosec  − cot  cosec  + cot 
+
1 + cos  sin  cosec  + cot  cosec  − cot 
21. Prove : + = 2 cosec 
sin  1 + cos 
= 2 cosec 
TM05-0071 TM05-0075
1 1 1 + cos A − sin A
22. Prove : − 30. Prove : = sec A – tan A
cosec  + cot  sin  1 + cos A + sin A
1 1 1 − sin A 1 − sin A
= − = =
sin  cosec  − cot  cos A 1+ sin A
TM05-0186 TM05-0076

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NCERT Basics : Class 10

ANSWER KEY
Very short answer type questions
5
1. 2.1 3. 3
13
Short answer type questions
5
4.
11
63 31 71
5. 6. 7. 8. A = 18°, B = 24°
65 17 97

3 +1 3 +1
10. (i) (ii)
3 −1 2 2
11. (i) 20° (ii) 60° (iii) 30°
16
12. (i) (ii) 2
3
13. (i) 3 (ii) 15°

\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th

[136]
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Mathematics

[137]
[138]
NCERT Basics : Class 10

\\[Link]\smd_data$\PNCF\2026-27\Print Module\SET-1\NCERT\Mathematics\10th