Tutorial
Module 1: Introduction to Statistics
Problem 1
The following data gives the distribution of marks obtained by students:
Marks No. of Students
0–9 4
10–19 8
20–29 22
30–39 36
40–49 30
Calculate Q1 , Q3 , Quartile Deviation and its coefficient.
Solution
Convert inclusive classes to continuous using ±0.5 correction.
N = 100
N 3N
Q1 = = 25, Q3 = = 75
4 4
Cumulative Frequencies:
4, 12, 34, 70, 100
First Quartile Class: 20–29
L = 19.5, c.f = 12, f = 22, h = 10
25 − 12
Q1 = 19.5 + × 10 = 25.41
22
Third Quartile Class: 40–49
L = 39.5, c.f = 70, f = 30
75 − 70
Q3 = 39.5 + × 10 = 41.17
30
41.17 − 25.41
Q.D = = 7.88
2
1
41.17 − 25.41
Coeff. of Q.D = = 0.237
41.17 + 25.41
Problem 2
The distribution of monthly wages (in Rs.) is given below:
Wages Workers
400–499 6
500–599 14
600–699 25
700–799 40
800–899 15
Find the Interquartile Range and Quartile Deviation.
Solution
N = 100
Q1 = 25, Q3 = 75
Q1 class: 600–699
L = 599.5, c.f = 20, f = 25, h = 100
25 − 20
Q1 = 599.5 + × 100 = 619.5
25
Q3 class: 700–799
L = 699.5, c.f = 45, f = 40
75 − 45
Q3 = 699.5 + × 100 = 774.5
40
IQR = Q3 − Q1 = 155
155
Q.D = = 77.5
2
Problem 3
For the following inclusive distribution, calculate Quartile Deviation and its coefficient:
Class Frequency
15–24 10
25–34 18
35–44 32
45–54 25
55–64 15
2
Solution
N = 100, Q1 = 25, Q3 = 75
Q1 class: 25–34
L = 24.5, c.f = 10, f = 18
25 − 10
Q1 = 24.5 + × 10 = 32.83
18
Q3 class: 45–54
L = 44.5, c.f = 60, f = 25
75 − 60
Q3 = 44.5 + × 10 = 50.5
25
Q.D = 8.83, Coeff. = 0.212
Problem 4
The mean of 40 observations is 52. It was later found that an observation was wrongly
taken as 30 instead of 50. Find the corrected mean.
Solution
S = 40 × 52 = 2080
Sc = 2080 − 30 + 50 = 2100
2100
Correct Mean = = 52.5
40
Problem 5
The mean and standard deviation of a dataset are 45 and 6 respectively. If 10 is added
to each observation, find the new mean and standard deviation.
Solution
x̄new = 45 + 10 = 55
σnew = 6
Problem 6
The mean and standard deviation of a dataset are 30 and 5 respectively. If each obser-
vation is multiplied by 4, find the new mean and SD.
Solution
x̄new = 4 × 30 = 120
3
σnew = 4 × 5 = 20
Problem 7
Two machines A and B produce components with the following characteristics:
Machine Mean (mm) SD (mm)
A 60 4
B 55 3
Which machine is more consistent?
Solution
4
CVA = × 100 = 6.67%
60
3
CVB = × 100 = 5.45%
55
Machine B is more consistent.
Problem 8
For a grouped distribution, the mean is greater than the median. Identify the nature of
skewness and justify.
Solution
If Mean > Median, the distribution has a longer right tail.
Hence, the distribution is positively skewed.
Problem 9
A distribution is more peaked than the normal distribution. Identify the nature of kur-
tosis.
Solution
A distribution more peaked than normal is leptokurtic.
Problem 10
The mean marks of 25 students is 60 and that of another 35 students is 55. Find the
combined mean marks.
Solution
Total marks1 = 25 × 60 = 1500
Total marks2 = 35 × 55 = 1925
3425
Combined Mean = = 57.08
60