15 True/False Questions

1. T/F: The free-stream velocity is normally assumed to be steady and uniform far from the
solid body.
2. T/F: Skin friction drag is solely responsible for drag when flow is normal to a flat plate.
3. T/F: At low Reynolds numbers, pressure drag is the dominant contribution to total drag.
4. T/F: Flow separation typically occurs at the same point along a cylinder regardless of
whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
5. T/F: The Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent flow over a flat plate
is approximately 1×10^5.
6. T/F: The local Nusselt number for laminar flow over a flat plate with constant wall
temperature increases infinitely at the leading edge.
7. T/F: The drag coefficient for a sphere decreases as the Reynolds number increases
beyond a certain point due to the drag crisis.
8. T/F: In flow over cylinders, the separation angle is larger for turbulent flow compared to
laminar flow.
9. T/F: Heat transfer around spheres is most intense at the stagnation point and decreases as
the flow moves downstream.
10. T/F: The pressure drop in a tube bank is directly proportional to the friction factor and the
flow velocity squared.
11. T/F: For heat transfer on flat plates, the average Nusselt number in turbulent flow is
always higher than in laminar flow for the same conditions.
12. T/F: In high-speed flows, numerical simulations can completely replace experimental
correlations for heat transfer predictions.
13. T/F: The critical Reynolds number is the same for flow over a flat plate and flow around
a cylinder.
14. T/F: An isothermal flat plate with an unheated starting length will develop both velocity
and thermal boundary layers starting at the leading edge.
15. T/F: The overall heat transfer coefficient h for a flat plate can be calculated using the
average Nusselt number, surface area, and temperature difference.

15 Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Which of the following best defines the free-stream velocity? a) The velocity at the
surface of the body. b) The velocity at the boundary layer's edge. c) The velocity far from
the body, typically upstream. d) The maximum velocity within the flow.
2. The drag on a flat plate aligned parallel to the flow is primarily due to: a) Pressure forces.
b) Wall shear stress. c) Buoyant forces. d) Turbulence in the free stream.
3. Which condition typically causes flow separation to occur earlier? a) Increasing surface
roughness. b) Laminar flow. c) Turbulent flow with high Reynolds number. d) Increasing
the body’s surface temperature.
4. The Reynolds number for flow over a flat plate typically transitions from laminar to
turbulent at approximately: a) 1×10^3 b) 1×10^5 c) 1×10^7 d) 1×10^2
5. The local Nusselt number for laminar flow over a flat plate with constant wall
temperature varies with distance x as: a) x^−0.5 b) x^0.5 c) x^2 d) 1/x
6. Which of the following is true about the flow around cylinders at high Reynolds numbers
(>10^5)? a) Wake size increases. b) Boundary layer separation occurs closer to the
stagnation point. c) Drag coefficient decreases due to turbulence in boundary layers. d)
The flow remains completely laminar around the cylinder.
7. The average Nusselt number for turbulent flow over a flat plate is generally obtained by:
a) Direct measurement only. b) Integration of local Nusselt number equations over the
length. c) Multiplying the local Nusselt number by the Reynolds number. d) Using only
the initial local Nusselt number at the leading edge.
8. In heat transfer analysis, the film temperature is typically evaluated as: a) The maximum
temperature along the surface. b) The temperature far from the surface. c) The arithmetic
means of the surface and free-stream temperatures. d) The temperature at the boundary
layer’s edge.
9. For flow over sphere and cylinders, flow separation tends to occur at which angles
relative to stagnation point for laminar and turbulent flow? a) ~80° for laminar, ~140° for
turbulent. b) 45° for laminar, 90° for turbulent. c) 0° in both cases. d) 180° for laminar,
90° for turbulent.
10. The critical Reynolds number indicates: a) The point at which flow becomes fully
turbulent. b) The transition from laminar to turbulent flow. c) When flow separation
occurs. d) When maximum shear stress occurs.
11. Which of these correlations is used for the average Nusselt number around a cylinder? a)
Churchill and Bernstein (1977). b) Whitaker (1972). c) Draper and Smith. d) Newton’s
law.
12. The pressure drop across a tube bank is proportional to: a) The flow velocity divided by
the friction factor. b) The square of the flow velocity and the friction factor. c) The
inverse of the Reynolds number. d) The total surface area of the tubes.
13. The primary cause of drag in flow over a sphere at low Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 1) is: a)
Pressure drag. b) Skin friction. c) Flow turbulence. d) Buoyancy effects.
14. To account for unheated sections in flat plate heat transfer analysis, the average Nusselt
number is obtained by: a) Ignoring the unheated length. b) Numerical integration of local
Nusselt number equations over the heated length, considering correction factors. c) Using
the maximum local Nusselt number only. d) Assuming pure laminar flow.
15. Which of the following best describes the primary advantage of high-speed numerical
simulations in external flow studies? a) They eliminate the need for any experimental
data. b) They reduce the cost and time compared to physical testing, especially in early
design. c) They provide exact solutions for all flow regimes. d) They always give more
accurate results than correlations.