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Data Structures Complete Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on data structures, covering linear data structures like linked lists, stacks, and queues, as well as trees, multiway trees, heaps, graphs, sorting techniques, hashing, and file organization. Key concepts include operations for each data structure, traversal methods, and applications in computing. It emphasizes the importance of efficient data organization and retrieval methods.

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8 views3 pages

Data Structures Complete Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on data structures, covering linear data structures like linked lists, stacks, and queues, as well as trees, multiway trees, heaps, graphs, sorting techniques, hashing, and file organization. Key concepts include operations for each data structure, traversal methods, and applications in computing. It emphasizes the importance of efficient data organization and retrieval methods.

Uploaded by

vinaymasag8
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATA STRUCTURES – COMPLETE NOTES

UNIT – I: Linear Data Structures

Introduction to Data Structures

A data structure is a method of organizing and storing data efficiently. Types include linear and non-linear structures.
Operations include insertion, deletion, searching, sorting, and traversal.

Linked Lists

A linked list is a collection of nodes connected using pointers. Types: Singly Linked List, Circular Linked List, Doubly
Linked List.

Stacks

A stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out). Operations: push, pop, peek. Applications include recursion, expression
evaluation, and backtracking.

Queues

A queue follows FIFO (First In First Out). Operations: enqueue and dequeue. Applications include CPU scheduling
and buffering.

UNIT – II: Trees

Binary Trees

A tree is a hierarchical structure. Binary tree nodes have at most two children. Traversals: inorder, preorder, and
postorder.

Binary Search Trees

BST maintains sorted order. Left subtree contains smaller values and right subtree contains larger values.

AVL Trees

AVL trees are self-balancing BSTs where balance factor is maintained between -1 and 1.

Red-Black Trees
A balanced binary search tree using color properties to ensure logarithmic operations.

UNIT – III: Multiway Trees and Heaps

B Trees and B+ Trees

Used in databases and file systems. They reduce disk accesses and maintain sorted data.

Heaps

A heap is a complete binary tree. Min-heap stores smallest element at root, max-heap stores largest.

Searching Techniques

Interpolation search works on uniformly distributed data. Jump search skips blocks of elements.

UNIT – IV: Graphs and Sorting

Graphs

Graphs consist of vertices and edges. Types include directed and undirected graphs.

Graph Traversals

Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS) are important traversal algorithms.

Sorting Techniques

Heap sort uses heaps, Shell sort improves insertion sort, Tree sort uses BST, Radix sort sorts digit by digit.

UNIT – V: Hashing and Files

Hashing

Hashing maps keys to table positions using hash functions for fast searching.

Collision Resolution
Collisions are handled using chaining or open addressing methods.

File Organization

Files can be text or binary. File organization methods include sequential, indexed, and direct access.

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