1 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

Unit 10
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Distance Formula
The distance between two points P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x2 , y2 ) is given by

( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) ( x1 − x2 ) + ( y1 − y2 )
2 2 2 2
PQ = or PQ =

Fundamental Law of Trigonometry

Let  and  be any two angles, then cos (  −  ) = cos  cos  + sin  sin 
is called Fundamental Law of Trigonometry.
Deductions from Fundamental Law
(i) cos (  +  ) = cos  cos  − sin  sin 

(ii) sin (  +  ) = sin  cos  + cos  sin 

(iii) sin (  −  ) = sin  cos  − cos  sin 

tan  + tan 
(iv) tan (  +  ) =
1 − tan  tan 
tan  − tan 
(v) tan (  −  ) =
1 + tan  tan 
Greatest and Least Values of the Expression a sin  + b cos 
The greatest and least values of expansion a sin  + bcos  are
a 2 + b2 and − a 2 + b 2 respectively.
Allied Angels
The angles associated with basic angles of measure  to a right angle or its multiple are called
allied angles. So the angles of measure 900   , 1800   , 2700   and 3600   , are known as allied
angles.
Note:
(i) If  is added to, or subtracted from odd multiple of right angle, the trigonometric ratios change
into co-ratios and vice versa.
(ii) If  is added to, or subtracted from even multiple of right angle, the trigonometric ratios shall
remain the same.
(iii) Sign of the resultant ratio is determined by the quadrant in which the terminal arm of the angle lies.
 2 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

Co-ratios of Trigonometric Ratios

Co-ratio of sine(sin) is cosine(cos)
Co-ratio of tangent(tan) is cotangent(cot)
Co-ratio of secant(sec) is cosecant(cosec)
Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles
( )
sin 900 −  = cos  ( )
sin 900 +  = cos 

cos ( 90 − ) = sin 
0
cos ( 90 + ) = − sin 
0

tan ( 90 − ) = cot 
0
tan ( 90 + ) = − cot 
0

_____________________________________________________________________________
( )
sin 1800 −  = sin  ( )
sin 1800 +  = − sin 

cos (180 − ) = − cos 

0
cos (180 + ) = − cos 
0

tan (180 − ) = − tan 

0
tan (180 + ) = tan 
0

______________________________________________________________________________
( )
sin 2700 −  = − cos  ( )
sin 2700 +  = − cos 

cos ( 270 −  ) = − sin 

0
cos ( 270 + ) = sin 
0

tan ( 270 − ) = cot 

0
tan ( 270 + ) = − cot 
0

______________________________________________________________________________
( )
sin 3600 −  = − sin  ( )
sin 3600 +  = sin 

cos ( 360 − ) = cos 

0
cos ( 360 0
+  ) = cos 

tan ( 360 −  ) = − tan 

0
tan ( 360 0
+ ) = tan 
_______________________________________________________________________________
Double Angle Identities
(i) sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  (ii) cos 2 = cos 2  − sin 2 
2 tan 
sin 2 = cos 2 = 2 cos 2  − 1
1 + tan 2 
2 tan 
(iii) tan 2 = cos 2 = 1 − 2 sin 2 
1 − tan 2 
1 − tan 2 
cos 2 =
1 + tan 2 
 3 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

Half Angle Identities

 1 − cos 
(i) sin =
2 2
 1 + cos 
(ii) cos =
2 2
 1 − cos 
(iii) tan =
2 1 + cos 
Triple Angle Identities
1
(i) sin 3 = 3 sin  − 4 sin3   sin 3  = 3 sin  − sin 3 
4
1
(ii) cos 3 = 4 cos 3  − 3 cos   cos 3  = 3 cos  + cos 3 
4
3 tan  − tan3 
(iii) tan 3 =
1 − 3 tan 2 
Transformation Formulae of Sines and Cosines
Product into Sum or Difference
(i) 2 sin  cos  = sin (  +  ) + sin (  −  )
(ii) 2cos  sin  = sin (  +  ) − sin (  −  )
(iii) 2cos  cos  = cos (  +  ) + cos (  −  )

(iv) −2 sin  sin  = cos (  +  ) − cos (  −  )

Sum or Difference into Product
 P+Q   P −Q 
(i) sin P + sinQ = 2 sin   cos  
 2   2 
 P+Q   P −Q 
(ii) sin P − sinQ = 2 cos   sin  
 2   2 
 P+Q   P −Q 
(iii) cos P + cos Q = 2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
 P+Q   P −Q 
(iv) cos P − cos Q = −2 sin   sin  
 2   2 
 4 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The distance between two points P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x2 , y2 ) is:

(a) ( x1 − y1 )2 + ( x2 − y2 )2 (b) ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
( x2 + x1 )2 − ( y2 + y1 )2 (d) ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
(c)
2. The distance between points ( 3,8 ) and ( 5,6 ) is:
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
3. cos (  −  ) =
(a) cos  cos  − sin  sin  (b) cos  cos  + sin  sin 
(c) sin  cos  + cos  sin  (d) sin  cos  − cos  sin 
4. sin (  −  ) =
(a) cos  cos  − sin  sin  (b) cos  cos  + sin  sin 
(c) sin  cos  + cos  sin  (d) sin  cos  − cos  sin 
5. tan (  +  ) =
tan  − tan  tan  + tan  tan  + tan 
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1 + tan  tan  1 − tan  tan  1 + tan  tan 

6. −  will have terminal side in quadrant:
2
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
7.  −  will have terminal side in quadrant:
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
3
8. +  will have terminal side in quadrant:
2
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
9. 2 −  will have terminal side in quadrant:
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV
10. A reference angle  is always:
  3 3
(a) 0    2 (b) 2     (c)     2 (d) 2    2
11. If  lies in first quadrant, then its reference angle is:
(a)  (b)  –  (c) – +  (d) 2 – 
12. If  lies in second quadrant, then its reference angle is:
(a)  (b)  –  (c) – +  (d) 2 – 
13. If  lies in third quadrant, then its reference angle is:
(a)  (b)  –  (c) – +  (d) 2 – 
 5 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

14. If  lies in fourth quadrant, then its reference angle is:

(a)  (b)  –  (c) – +  (d) 2 – 
15. If  = 150º, then its reference angle is:
(a) 15º (b) 30º (c) 45º (d) 60º
16. Which angle is quadrant angle? (BHP 14)
(a) 120º (b) 270º (c) 60º (d) 45º
17. The angles associated with basic angles of measure  to a right angle or its multiple are called:
(a) general angles (b) coterminal angles (c) allied angles (d) quadrantal angles
18. The angles of measure 2700   are called:
(a) general angles (b) coterminal angles (c) allied angles (d) right angles
19. If  is added to or subtracted from odd multiple of right angle, the trigonometric ratios:
(a) change into co-ratios (b) remain same
(c) become undefined (d) None of these
20. Co-ratio of sine is:
(a) cotangent (b) secant (c) cosecant (d) cosine
21. Co-ratio of tangent is:
(a) cotangent (b) cosine (c) cosecant (d) None of these
22. sin (−) =
(a) sec  (b) − sin  (c) sin  (d) cos 
23. cos (−) is: (MTN 14)
(a) − cos  (b) sin  (c) sec  (d) cos 
 
24. sin  −   = (BHP 14)(MTN 18)
2 
(a) sin  (b) cos  (c) − sin  (d) − cos 
 
25. sin   −  = (D.G.K 15)(LHR 16)
 2
(a) sec  (b) − cos  (c) cos  (d) − sin 
26. sin ( + 270) = (GUJ 15)(BHP 17)
(a) cot  (b) tan  (c) sin  (d) −cos 
3 
27. sin  2 −  = (D.G. K 14)(BHP 16)
 
(a) cos  (b) − cos  (c) sin  (d) − sin 
3 
28. sin  2 +  =
 
(a) cos  (b) − cos  (c) sin  (d) − sin 
 
29. cos   +  =
 2
(a) sin  (b) cos  (c) − sin  (d) − cos 
 6 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

 
30. cos  −   is equal to:
2 
(a) sin  (b) −sin  (c) cos  (d) −cos 
 
31. cos   −  = (MTN 14)
 2
(a) − sin  (b) − cos  (c) cos  (d) sin 
32. cos( − ) = (D.G.K 15)
(a) sin  (b) −sin  (c) cos  (d) −cos 
33. cos (2700 + ) equals:
(a) cos  (b) sin  (c) −sin  (d) −cos 
34. cos ( + ) = (MTN 15)(RWP 18)
(a) − cos  (b) cos  (c) sin  (d) − sin 
35. (
tan 2700 +  = ) (LHR 14)
(a) tan  (b) cot  (c) − tan  (d) − cot 
36. tan (  −  ) = (LHR 18)
(a) tan  (b) cot  (c) − tan  (d) − cot 
 
37. tan   −  = (D.G.K 14)(MTN 17)
 2
(a) sec  (b) cot  (c) − cot  (d) tan 
3 
38. tan  2 −  is equal to: (RWP 15)
 
(a) tan  (b) −cot  (c) cot  (d) −tan 
 3 
39. cot  2 −  is equal to: (SRG 16)
 
(a) tan  (b) −cot  (c) cot  (d) −tan 
 3 
40. sec  −   equals:
 2 
(a) cos ec (b) − cos ec (c) − sec  (d) None of these
 
41. cosec  + 2  =
 
(a) sec  (b) − sec  (c) cosec  (d) cosec 
42. sin ( 2 −  ) =
(a) sin  (b) cos  (c) − sin  (d) − cos 
43. ( 0
)
cot 90 −  equals: (RWP, LHR 16)
(a) tan  (b) cot  (c) − tan  (d) − cot 
 7 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

44. (
cot  − 900 = )
(a) tan  (b) cot  (c) − tan  (d) − cot 
45. cot ( − )= (D.G.K 15)
(a) sin  (b) cot  (c) − cot  (d) tan 
46. (
sin −3000 = )
3 3 1 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
2 2 2 2
47. sin 390º = (SHW 14)
1 1 −1
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2
48. sin 319º= (RWP 14)
(a) − cos 35º (b) sin 41º (c) − sin 41º (d) sin 16º
49. sin 196º =
(a) sin 16º (b) cos 33º (c) cos 16º (d) − sin 16º
50. (
cos 3150 = ) (LHR 17)
1 1 3 1
(a) (b) − (c) − (d)
2 2 2 2

51. (
tan 11100 = )
1 1
(a) (b) − (c) − 3 (d) 3
3 3
52. ( )
cos 1470 is equal to:
(a) cos 330 (b) − cos 330 (c) cos 160 (d) sin160
53. sin 1960 is equal to:
(a) cos 330 (b) − sin160 (c) cos 160 (d) sin160
54. tan 2940 is equal to:
(a) cot 240 (b) − cot 240 (c) tan 240 (d) −tan 240
55. (
sin 1800 +  sin 900 − = ) ( )
(a) sin  (b) sin  cos  (c) − sin  cos  (d) None of these
56. If  , and  are the angles of a triangle ABC, then sin (  +  ) is equal to:
(a) sin  (b) − sin  (c) cos  (d) − cos 
  + 
57. If  , and  are the angles of a triangle ABC, then cos   is equal to:
 2 
(SHW 18)
   
(a) sin (b) − sin (c) cos (d) −cos
2 2 2 2
 8 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

58. If    are the angles of a triangle then tan (+) + tan  is: (LHR 18)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) −1
59. sin ( + ) − sin ( − ) equal to:
(a) 2 cos  sin  (b) 2 sin  cos 
(c) 2 cos  cos  (d) − 2 sin  sin 
   
60. sin  + 6  + cos  + 3  equals:
   
(a) sin  (b) cos  (c) sec  (d) tan 
61. (
sin 450 +  = )
1 1
(a) ( sin  + cos  ) (b) − ( sin  + cos  )
2 2
1
(c) 1 ( sin  + cos  ) (d) ( sin  − cos  )
2 2
62. (
cos  + 450 = )
1 1
(a) ( sin  + cos  ) (b) − ( sin  + cos  )
2 2
1
(c) 1 ( sin  + cos  ) (d) ( cos  − sin  )
2 2
63. tan (45º − ) = (SHW 14)
tan  + 1 1 + tan  1 + tan  2
1 − tan 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
tan  − 1 1 − tan  1 − tan2  1 + tan 
64. cot (  +  ) =
cot  + cot  cot  cot  − 1
(a) (b)
1 − cot  + cot  cot  + cot 
cot  cot  + 1
(c) (d) None of these
cot  − cot 
cos 80 − sin 80
65. =
cos 80 + sin 80
(a) tan 37 0 (b) cot 37 0 (c) sin 80 (d) cos 80
66. sin 2 = (SHW 14)(LHR, FSD 15)(MTN 18)
(a) sin  cos  (b) 2 sin  cos  (c) sin 2  − cos 2  (d) cos 2  − sin 2 
67. cos 2 =
(a) 2 cos 2  + 1 (b) 2 cos 2  − 1 (c) 2 sin 2  + 1 (d) 2 sin 2  − 1
68. cos 2  − sin 2  =
(a) sin 2 (b) cos 2 (c) tan 2 (d) None of these
69. 2cos2 − 1 =
(a) sin 2 (b) cos  (c) tan 2 (d) 1 − sin2
 9 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

70. cos2  =
1 + cos 1 + cos2 1 − cos2 cos2 − 1
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2
71. 1 + cos 2 is equal to: (D.G.K 16)
(a) 2 sin2  (b) 2cos 2  (c) sin2  (d) cos 2 
72. tan 2 equals:
tan  2 tan  2 tan 
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1 − tan 2  1 − tan 2  1 + tan 2 
73. sin  equals
    
(a) 2 sin cos (b) sin cos (c) 2 cos 2 −1 (d) None of these
2 2 2 2 2
74. cos  equals
  
(a) cos 2 − sin2 (b) 2 cos 2 −1
2 2 2

(c) 1 − 2 sin2 (d) All of these
2

75. cos =
2
1 − cos  1 + cos  1 − sin  1 + sin 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 2 2 2

76. sin =
2
1 − cos  1 + cos  1 − sin  1 + sin 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 2 2 2
1 − cos 
77.  = (D.G.K 16)
2
 
(a) sin (b) cos (c) sin (d) cos 
2 2

78. 2 sin2 equals: (MTN 15)(FSD, GUJ 18)
2
(a) 1 + cos  (b) 1 + sin  (c) 1 − sin  (d) 1 − cos 

79. tan =
2
1 + cos  1 − cos  1 + cos  1 − cos 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 2 1 − cos  1 + cos 
80. sin 3 = (GUJ 16)
(a) 3 sin  − 4 sin3  (b) 4 sin3  − 3 sin 
(c) 4 cos 3  − 3 cos  (d) 3 cos  − 4 cos 3 
 10 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

81. cos 3 is equal to:

(a) 3 sin  − 4 sin3  (b) 4 sin3  − 3 sin 
(c) 4 cos 3  − 3 cos  (d) 3 cos  − 4 cos 3 
82. tan 3 =
3 tan  − tan3  3 tan  − tan3 
(a) (b)
1 − 3 tan 2  1 + 3 tan 2 
3 tan  + tan3 
(c) (d) None of these
1 − 3 tan2 
1 + cos 
83. = (FSD 16)
sin 
 
(a) sin  (b) cot (c) cos ec 2  (d) tan
2 2
2 tan 
84. is equal to: (MTN 16, 17)
1 + tan 2 
(a) sin 2 (b) cos 2 (c) tan 2 (d) cot 2
1 − tan 2
85. is equal to: (BHP 15)(SHW 16)
1 + tan 2 
(a) sin 2 (b) cos 2 (c) tan 2 (d) None of these
86. sin (  +  ) + sin (  −  ) =
(a) sin  cos  (b) cos  sin  (c) 2 sin  cos  (d) 2cos  sin 
87. cos (  +  ) − cos (  −  ) =
(a) 2 sin  cos  (b) 2cos  sin  (c) 2cos  cos  (d) −2 sin  sin 
88. 2 sin  cos  = (FSD, BHP 14)
(a) cos ( + ) + cos ( − ) (b) cos ( + ) − cos ( − )
(c) sin ( + ) + sin ( − ) (d) sin ( + ) − sin ( − )
89. 2 sin 3 cos  =
(a) sin 4 sin 2 (b) sin 4 + sin 2 (c) sin 4 − sin 2 (d) None of these
90. 2 sin7 cos3 is equal to.
(a) sin 10  + sin 4 (b) sin 10  − sin 4
(c) 4 cos3 − 3 cos  (d) cos 10  − cos 4
91. 2 cos 5 sin 3 = (MTN 16)
(a) sin 8 sin 2 (b) sin 8 + sin 2 (c) cos 8 + cos 2 (d) sin 8 − sin 2
92. 2 sin 12 sin 46 =
0 0

(a) cos 340 cos 580 (b) cos 340 − cos 580
(c) sin 340 − sin 580 (d) sin 340 + sin 580
 11 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

93. sin 5 cos 2 =

1
(a) sin 7 − sin 3 (b)  sin 7 − sin 3
2
1
(c)  sin 7 + sin 3 (d) None of these
2
94. sin 5 + sin 3 = (GUJ 14)
(a) 2 sin 4 cos  (b) 2 cos 4 sin 
(c) 2 cos 4 cos  (d) −2 sin 4 sin 
95. sin 8 − sin 4 =
(a) 2 sin 6 cos 2 (b) 2 cos 6 sin 2
(c) 2 cos 6 cos 2 (d) −2 sin 6 sin 2
96. cos 6 + cos 3 =
9 3 9 3
(a) 2 sin cos (b) 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2
9 3 9 3
(c) 2 cos cos (d) −2 sin sin
2 2 2 2
97. cos 120 + cos 480 =
(a) cos 300 cos180 (b) 2 cos 300 cos180
(c) 2 sin 300 cos180 (d) 2 cos 300 sin180
98. cos 7 − cos  =
(a) −2 sin 4 sin 3 (b) 2 sin 4 sin 3
(c) 2 cos 4 cos 3 (d) 2 cos 4 sin 3
99. sin ( x + 450 ) + sin ( x − 450 ) =

(a) 2 sin x (b) 2 cos x (c) 3 sin x (d) None of these

sin 3x − sin x
100. equals:
cos x − cos 3x
(a) tan 2x (b) cot 2x (c) tan x (d) cot x
 12 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

ANSWERS
(1) b (2) b (3) b (4) d (5) b

(6) a (7) b (8) d (9) d (10) a

(11) a (12) b (13) c (14) d (15) b

(16) b (17) c (18) c (19) a (20) d

(21) a (22) b (23) d (24) b (25) b

(26) d (27) b (28) b (29) c (30) a

(31) d (32) d (33) b (34) a (35) d

(36) c (37) c (38) c (39) a (40) b

(41) a (42) c (43) a (44) c (45) c

(46) a (47) a (48) c (49) d (50) a

(51) a (52) b (53) b (54) b (55) c

(56) a (57) a (58) a (59) a (60) b

(61) c (62) d (63) d (64) b (65) a

(66) b (67) b (68) b (69) b (70) b

(71) b (72) b (73) a (74) d (75) b

(76) a (77) a (78) d (79) d (80) a

(81) c (82) a (83) b (84) a (85) b

(86) c (87) d (88) c (89) b (90) a

(91) d (92) b (93) c (94) a (95) b

(96) c (97) b (98) a (99) a (100) b

 13 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

SOLUTIONS
1. (b) ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
2. (b) Here x1 = 3 , y1 = 8 , x2 = 5 , y2 = 6
We know that d = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
d= (5 − 3)2 + ( 6 − 8)2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2
3. (b) cos (  −  ) = cos  cos  + sin  sin 
4. (d) sin (  −  ) = sin  cos  − cos  sin 
tan  + tan 
5. (b) tan (  +  ) =
1 − tan  tan 

6. (a) −  will have terminal side in I quadrant
2
7. (b)  −  will have terminal side in II quadrant
3
8. (d) +  will have terminal side in IV quadrant
2
9. (d) 2 −  will have terminal side in IV quadrant

10. (a) 02
11. (a) 
12. (b) –
13. (c) – + 
14. (d) 2 – 
15. (b) since  lies in second quadrant, therefore its reference angle is
– = 1800 − 1500 = 300
16. (b) 2700
17. (c) allied angles
18. (c) allied angles
19. (a) change into co-ratios
20. (d) Co-ratio of sine is cosine
21. (a) Co-ratio of tangent is cotangent
22. (b) sin ( − ) = − sin 
23. (d) cos ( − ) = cos 
 
24. (b) sin  −   = cos 
2 
      
25. (b) sin   −  = sin  −  −    = − sin  −   = − cos 
 2  2  2 
26. (d) ( ) (
sin  + 2700 = sin 3  900 +  = − cos  )
 3 
27. (b)
 2 
(
sin  −   = sin 3  900 −  = − cos  )
 14 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

 3 
28. (b)
 2 
(
sin  +   = sin 3  900 +  = − cos  )
  
29. (c) cos  +   = − sin 
 2 
  
30. (a) cos  −   = sin 
 2 
      
31. (d) cos   −  = cos  −  −    = cos  −   = sin 
 2  2  2 
32. (d) (
cos (  − ) = cos 2  900 −  = − cos  )
33. (b) ( ) (
cos 2700 +  = cos 3  900 +  = sin  )
34. (a) (
cos (  +  ) = cos 2  900 +  = − cos  )
35. (d) ( ) (
tan 2700 +  = tan 3  900 +  = − cot  )
36. (c) (
tan (  − ) = tan 2  900 −  = − tan  )
      
37. (c) tan   −  = tan  −  −    = − tan  −   = − cot 
 2  2  2 
 3 
38. (c) tan  −   = cot 
 2 
 3 
39. (a) cot  −   = tan 
 2 
 3 
40. (b) sec  −   = − cos ec
 2 
 
41. (a) cos ec  +   = sec 
2 
42. (c) (
sin ( 2 −  ) = sin 4  900 −  = − sin  )
43. (a) ( )
cot 900 −  = tan 
44. (c) cot (  − 90 ) = − cot ( 90 −  ) = − tan 
0 0

45. (c) cot (  −  ) = cot ( 2  90 −  ) = − cot 

0

46. (a) ( ) ( )
sin −3000 = − sin 3000 = − sin 4  900 − 600 = − − sin 600 = ( ) ( ) 2
3

47. (a) ( ) ( )
sin 3900 = = sin 4  900 + 300 = sin 300 =
1
2
48. (c) sin ( 319 ) = = sin ( 4  90 − 41 ) = − sin 41
0 0 0 0

49. (d) sin (196 ) = = sin ( 2  90 + 16 ) = − sin16

0 0 0 0

cos ( 315 ) = cos ( 4  90 − 45 ) = cos 45 =

0 0 1 0 0
50. (a)
2
 15 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

51. (a) (
tan 11100 ) ( )
= tan 12  900 + 300 = tan 300 =
1
3
52. (b) ( ) ( )
cos 1470 = cos 2  900 − 330 = − cos 330

53. (b) sin (196 ) = sin ( 2  90 + 16 ) = − sin16

0 0 0 0

54. (b) tan ( 294 ) = tan ( 3  90 + 24 ) = − cot 24

0 0 0 0

55. (c) sin (180 +  ) sin ( 90 −  ) = sin ( 2  90 +  ) sin ( 90

0 0 0 0
)
−  = − sin  cos 
56. (a) Since  , and  are the angles of a triangle,
 +  +  = 1800   +  = 1800 − 
( )
sin (  +  ) = sin 2  900 −   sin (  +  ) = sin 
57. (a) Since  , and  are the angles of a triangle,
 +  +  = 1800
 +  1800 − 
 +  = 1800 −   =
2 2
 +    + 
cos   = cos  900 −   cos   = sin
 2   2  2  2
58. (a) Since  , and  are the angles of a triangle,
 +  +  = 1800   +  = 1800 − 
(
tan (  +  ) = tan 2  900 −  )
tan (  +  ) = − ta n   tan (  +  ) + ta n  = 0
59. (a) sin (  +  ) − sin (  −  ) = ( sin  cos  + cos  sin  ) − ( sin  cos  − cos  sin  )
= sin  cos  + cos  sin  − sin  cos  + cos  sin  = 2 cos  sin 
   
60. (b) sin   +  + cos   + 
 6  3
= sin ( + 300 ) + cos ( + 600 )
= sin  cos 300 + cos  sin 300 + cos  cos 600 − sin  sin 600
3 1 1 3
= sin   + cos   + cos  − sin   = cos 
2 2 2 2
61. (c) ( )
sin 450 +  = sin 450 cos  + cos 450 sin 

sin ( 45 +  ) =
1 1 1
0
cos  + sin  = ( cos  + sin  )
2 2 2
62. (d) cos ( 45 +  ) = cos 45 cos  − sin 45 sin 
0 0 0

cos ( 45 +  ) =
1 1 1
0
cos  − sin  = ( cos  − sin  )
2 2 2
tan 450 − tan  1 − tan 
63. (d) (
tan 450 −  = ) =
1 + tan 450 tan  1 + tan 
 16 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

1 1
64. (b) cot (  +  ) = =
tan (  +  ) tan  + tan 
1 − tan  tan 
1 − tan  tan 
cot (  +  ) =
tan  + tan 
 1 tan  tan  
tan  tan   −
 tan  tan  tan  tan   cot  cot  − 1
cot (  +  ) = =
 tan  tan   cot  + cot 
tan  tan   + 
 tan  tan  tan  tan  
0  cos8 sin 80 
0
cos8  − 
cos80 − sin 80  cos80 cos80 
65. (a) =
cos80 + sin 80  cos80 sin 80 
cos80  0
+ 0 
 cos8 cos8 
1 − tan 80 tan 450 − tan 80
= =
1 + tan 80 1 + tan 450 tan 80
= tan ( 450 − 80 ) = tan 370
66. (b) sin 2 = 2 sin  cos 
67. (b) cos 2 = 2 cos 2  − 1
68. (b) cos 2  − sin 2  = cos 2
69. (b) 2 cos 2  − 1 = cos 2
1 + cos 2
70. (b) We know that cos 2 = 2 cos 2  − 1  2 cos 2  = 1 + cos 2  cos 2  =
2
71. (b) We know that cos 2 = 2 cos 2  − 1  2 cos 2  = 1 + cos 2
2 tan 
72. (b) tan 2 =
1 − tan 2 
  
73. (a) sin  = sin 2   = 2 sin cos
 
2 2 2
  
74. (d) cos  = cos 2   = cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2
    
cos 2 − sin 2 = 1 − sin 2 − sin 2 = 1 − 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2 2
     
cos 2 − sin 2 = cos 2 − 1 − cos 2 
2 2 2  2
    
cos 2 − sin 2 = cos 2 − 1 + cos 2 = 2 cos 2 − 1
2 2 2 2 2
 1 + cos 
75. (b) cos =
2 2
 1 − cos 
76. (a) sin =
2 2
 17 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

1 − cos  
77. (a)  = sin
2 2
 1 − cos  
78. (d) sin 2 =  2 sin2 = 1 − cos 
2 2 2
 1 − cos 
79. (d) tan =
2 1 + cos 
80. (a) sin 3 = 3 sin  − 4 sin 3 
81. (c) cos 3 = 4 cos 3  − 3 cos 
3 tan  − tan3 
82. (a) tan 3 =
1 − 3 tan 2 
 
2 cos 2 cos
1 + cos  2 = 2 = cot 
83. (b) =
sin     2
2 sin cos sin
2 2 2
sin 
2
2 tan  sin 
84. (a) = cos2  = 2  cos 2 
1 + tan  sec 
2
cos 
2 tan 
= 2 sin  cos  = sin 2
1 + tan2 
sin 2 
1−
1 − tan 2  cos 2  = cos  − sin   cos 2 
2 2
85. (b) =
1 + tan 2  sec 
2
cos 
2

1 − tan 2 
= cos 2  − sin 2  = cos 2
1 + tan 2 
86. (c) sin (  +  ) + sin (  −  )
= sin  cos  + cos  sin  + sin  cos  − cos  sin 
= 2 sin  cos 
87. (d) cos (  +  ) − cos (  −  )
= ( cos  cos  − sin  sin  ) − ( cos  cos  + sin  sin  )
= cos  cos  − sin  sin  − cos  cos  − sin  sin 
= −2 sin  sin 
88. (c) 2 sin  cos  = sin (  +  ) + sin (  −  )
89. (b) 2 sin 3 cos  = sin ( 3 +  ) + sin ( 3 −  )
2 sin 3 cos  = sin 4 + sin 2
90. (a) 2 sin 7 cos 3 = sin ( 7 + 3 ) + sin ( 7 − 3 )
2 sin 7 cos 3 = sin10 + sin 4
91. (d) 2 cos 5 sin 3 = sin ( 5 + 3 ) − sin ( 5 − 3 )
2 cos 5 sin 3 = sin 8 − sin 2
 18 [UNIT − 10] Trigonometric Identities

92. (b) 2 sin120 sin 460 = cos (120 − 460 ) − cos (120 + 460 )

2 sin120 sin 460 = cos ( −340 ) − cos ( 580 )

2 sin120 sin 460 = cos 340 − cos 580
93. (c) sin 5 cos 2
1 1
= ( 2 sin 5 cos 2 ) =  sin ( 5 + 2 ) + sin ( 5 − 2 )
2 2
1 1
= ( 2 sin 3 cos  ) = ( sin 7 + sin 3 )
2 2
5 + 3 5 − 3
94. (a) sin 5 + sin 3 = 2sin cos = 2sin 4 cos 
2 2
8 + 4 8 − 4
95. (b) sin8 − sin 4 = 2cos sin = 2cos6 sin 2
2 2
6 + 3 6 − 3 9 3
96. (c) cos6 + cos3 = 2cos cos = 2cos cos
2 2 2 2
120 + 480 120 − 480
97. (b) cos120 + cos 480 = 2 cos cos = 2cos 300 cos180
2 2
7 +  7 − 
98. (a) cos7 − cos  = −2sin sin = − 2sin 4 sin 3
2 2
99. (a) sin ( x + 450 ) + sin ( x − 450 )

x + 450 + x − 450 x + 450 − x + 450

= 2sin cos
2 2
1
= 2sin x cos 450 = 2sin x = 2 sin x
2
3x + x 3x − x
2 cos sin
sin 3x − sin x 2 2
100. (b) =
cos x − cos 3 x −2sin x + 3x sin x − 3x
2 2
2 cos 2 x sin x 2 cos 2 x sin x
= = = cot 2 x
−2sin 2 x sin ( − x ) 2sin 2 x sin x