Subject: Community Development

Course Title: Community

Development
Submitted to: Ma’am Rabail Tanveer
Group No. 04
Submitted By: Moazma Butt (05)
Arbab Chanda Farooq(11)
Fajar Akmal (34)
Ward Khalid (19)
Hafiza Asma (45)
Fatima Azam (27)
Komal sehzadi (48)
Khola Yahya(12)
(Ayesha Noor)
(Mobeen Yousaf)

Department: Sociology (6th Semester)

Government College Women University Sialkot
 Assignment: History of
community development in
Pakistan

[Link] is Community ?
• Introduction:
The word " community " is derived from Latin
and has been used in the English language since word
community is derived the 14th century . The from the Latin
communities ( meaning the same ) , which is in turn derived
from communism , which means " common , public , shared
by all or many " ( encyclopedia ) .
• Definition:
A community is a social group of individuals who share
common interests, values, customs, or geographical
locations. It is a fundamental aspect of human life, fostering
relationships, support systems, and collaboration among its
members. Communities can be formed based on various
factors such as culture, religion, profession, interests, or
shared goals.
[Link] is Community of development?
Community development refers to a process where
members of a community come together to identify and
address social issues affecting them, by collaborating to
create solutions and improve their overall quality of life,
often through initiatives like building affordable housing,
enhancing educational access, promoting local businesses,
and advocating for better infrastructure, all while actively
involving the community in decision-making processes;
essentially, it's about empowering people to take ownership
of their community's well-being and work towards positive
change together

➢ Key Features of Community Development

1. Participation – Local people take an active role in

decision-making.
2. Empowerment – Helping individuals and groups gain
confidence and skills.
3. Sustainability – Ensuring long-term positive changes.
4. Collaboration – Working with governments, NGOs, and
private organizations

Example scenarios of community development:

• Neighborhood clean-up campaign:
Residents organize a community clean-up day to address
litter and improve the appearance of their neighborhood,
potentially involving local businesses to provide supplies and
volunteer support.

• Food security initiative:

A community garden project is established to provide fresh
produce to low-income families, with residents participating
in planting, harvesting, and distribution.

• Youth leadership program:

A local organization provides training and mentorship
opportunities to empower young people to address issues
like bullying or environmental concerns within their
community.
• Affordable housing advocacy:
Community members organize to advocate for policies that
support the development of affordable housing options for
low-income residents.
• Skill development workshops:
Providing training programs in areas like computer literacy or
entrepreneurship to enhance employability within a
community.

• Community health outreach:

Organizing health screenings and awareness campaigns to
address prevalent health concerns within a specific
population.
[Link] of community development :
Community development began when people first worked
together in early societies, like farming and tribes, to survive.
As cities grew, especially during the Industrial Revolution,
people realized they needed to improve living conditions. In
the 19th century, movements like Settlement Houses helped
poor communities by offering education and social services.

In the 20th century, efforts became more organized,

focusing on helping people take charge of their own
development. Today, community development is about
working together, solving problems locally, and improving
lives by giving people a voice in decisions.
 • History of Community development :
Below a brief history of community development:
[Link] Forms of Community Development (Pre-20th
Century)
In ancient civilizations, community development primarily
revolved around collective efforts in agriculture,

infrastructure, and survival. People worked together to build

essential structures such as roads, irrigation systems, and
fortifications to ensure the well-being of their communities.
For instance:

• Ancient Rome (circa 500 BCE – 500 CE): The Romans

excelled in infrastructure development, constructing
roads, aqueducts, and public buildings that served
entire communities and enhanced connectivity.
• Medieval Europe: During the feudal era, communities

collaborated to maintain roads, fortifications, and

religious institutions. Peasants and villagers joined
forces to build defensive walls and manage shared
agricultural lands. .
• The Industrial Revolution (18th – 19th Century)
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major
technological, economic, and social change that took place
during the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily in Europe and
North America. It marked a shift from agrarian economies to
industrialized and urban societies.
Key Phases of the Industrial Revolution

1. First Industrial Revolution (1750–1850)

➢ Began in Britain and later spread to Europe and the U.S.

➢ Introduction of steam power, mechanized textile

production, and iron manufacturing.

➢ Key inventions:

➢ Spinning Jenny (1764) – James Hargreaves (increased

textile production).

➢ Steam Engine (1769) – James Watt (improved efficiency

of factories and transport).

➢ Power Loom (1785) – Edmund Cartwright (automated

weaving).

2. Second Industrial Revolution (1850–1914)

• Spread to Germany, France, and the United States.

• Focused on steel production, electricity, and mass

production.

Key innovations:
 • Bessemer Process (1856) – Henry Bessemer (cheaper
and stronger steel production).

• Electric Light Bulb (1879) – Thomas Edison (expanded

working hours).

• Telephone (1876) – Alexander Graham Bell (improved

communication).

• Internal Combustion Engine (1885) – Karl Benz (led to

automobile industry).

• Impact of the Industrial Revolution

• Economic Growth: Rise of factories, mass production,

and increased trade.

• Urbanization: People moved to cities for jobs, leading to

overcrowding and poor living conditions.

• Social Changes: Growth of the middle class, but also

poor working conditions for laborers.

• Transportation: Railroads and steamships

revolutionized travel and trade.

• Scientific Advancements: Medicine, chemistry, and

engineering flourished.
The Industrial Revolution transformed society, laying the
foundation for the modern industrial economy. Would you
like more details on a specific aspect?
International Organizations and Their Influence
Numerous global organizations have played a crucial role in
shaping contemporary community development strategies.

United Nations (1970s–Present):

• The UN has actively supported community
development initiatives worldwide, particularly through
its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals
focus on poverty alleviation, access to quality education,
gender equality, and the development of sustainable
urban areas.
• World Bank and Other Institutions: The World Bank has

financed multiple community development projects

across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Its efforts aim to
reduce poverty while promoting education, healthcare,
and employment opportunities, especially in rural
regions.
5 - History of Community development in Pakistan?

The history of community development can be traced back

to the early social reform movements in the 19th century,
particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom,
where activists and reformers began working to address
social issues in impoverished urban neighborhoods through
grassroots organizing and community-based initiatives;
 key elements include the "settlement house movement,"
which focused on providing services and education to
immigrants, and later developments like the "neighborhood
improvement" approach, which aimed to empower
communities to solve their own problems through collective
action.

Key historical phases of community development:

➢ Early Social Reform Movements (19th Century):

• Settlement Houses: Pioneers like Jane Addams established
settlement houses in poor urban areas to provide social
services, education, and community organizing opportunities
for immigrants and marginalized populations.

• Charity Organization Society: Focused on addressing

poverty through casework and identifying the root causes of
social problems, often with a focus on individual
responsibility.
Progressive Era (Early 20th Century):
.Neighborhood Improvement:
Emphasis shifted towards community-based
solutions, with a focus on improving housing conditions,
sanitation, and public amenities through local activism and
government collaboration.
 ➢ Urban Planning:

The concept of" neighborhood planning" emerged, aiming to

design communities with better infrastructure and social
services.

New Deal Era (1930s):

• Federal Programs:
The U.S. launched large-scale programs like the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) that provided employment
and community development projects during the Great
Depression.

• Community Centers:
Establishment of community centers as hubs for social
activities, education, and recreation.
Post-World War II Era:
• Community Development Corporations (CDCs):
Nonprofit organizations formed to revitalize distressed
neighborhoods through economic development, housing
initiatives, and community organizing.
• War on Poverty:
The U.S. government launched programs like the
Community Action Program, aiming to empower low- income
communities through local participation.
➢ Contemporary Community Development (Late 20th
Century - Present):
 • Empowerment Approach:
Focus on building community capacity, leadership
development, and resident participation in decision-making
processes.

• Comprehensive Community Development:

Integrating social, economic, and
environmental factors to address complex
community challenges.
• Global Development:
Community development practices applied in developing
countries to address poverty and improve quality of life.

➢ Important Concepts in Community Development:

• Grassroots Organizing:
Building power through local resident engagement and
mobilization.
• Social Capital:
The strength of community ties and networks that can be
leveraged for collective action.
Developing skills and resources within a community to
address its own issues.
 • Participatory Decision-Making:
Involving residents in planning and decision-making
processes.

6- Importance of community development in Pakistan?

Community development means improving the living

conditions of people by working together. It helps in
reducing poverty, improving education, healthcare, and
creating better opportunities for everyone. Here’s why it is
important in Pakistan:

1. Helps Reduce Poverty

Many people in Pakistan struggle to earn money. Community
programs provide jobs and skills to help them.

Example: The Ehsaas Program gives money to poor families

so they can buy food and send their children to school.

2. Improves Education
Many children cannot go to school due to poverty or lack of
schools. Community projects help build schools and provide
free education.
Example: The Citizen’s Foundation (TCF) runs schools in
villages so poor children can study.
3. Better Healthcare
Many areas in Pakistan do not have hospitals or doctors.
Community health programs provide free medical treatment.

Example: Polio Vaccination Campaigns send health workers

to villages to give vaccines to children.

4. Supports Women

Women in Pakistan often don’t get enough opportunities to

work. Community programs teach them skills and help them
earn money.
Example: Akhuwat Foundation gives loans to women so they
can start businesses like sewing or cooking.

5. Improves Roads and Water Supply

Many villages do not have clean water or good roads.

Community projects help improve these basic needs.

Example: The Pakistan Clean Water Initiative provides clean

drinking water to villages.

6. Protects the Environment

Pakistan faces pollution and deforestation. Community
projects help keep the environment clean.
Example: Plant for Pakistan encourages people to plant
trees to reduce pollution.

7. Promotes Peace and Unity

Pakistan has different cultures and religions. Community

programs help people understand and respect each other.
Example: Interfaith Harmony Programs bring people from
different religions together to promote peace.

8. Helps in Disasters
Pakistan often faces floods and earthquakes. Community
organizations help people in emergencies.

Example: Edhi Foundation provides ambulances and food to

people affected by disasters.

9. Local Governance: Encourages community involvement in

decision-making.
Example: Punjab's Basic Democracies Program empowers
local councils.
10. Managing Urbanization:
Tackles issues in rapidly growing cities.
Example: Karachi's community development projects
improve housing and sanitation. Community development is
essential for reducing poverty, improving services, and
promoting sustainable growth in Pakistan.

7- Community development project in Pakistan? Rural and

Urban areas.
➢ Rural Areas:
• Focus: Rural community development often
focuses on building the five capitals of a
community: physical, financial, human, social, and
environmental.
Examples: Projects might include microfinance programs,
providing financial and non-financial services to the poor,
and empowering vulnerable communities.
• Organizations: Organizations like RCDS (Rural
Community Development Program) work in rural
areas to empower communities and enable them
to take control of their own development.
Urban Areas:
• Focus: Urban community development may
address issues like poverty, sanitation,
infrastructure, and access to services.
Examples: Projects could include urban renewal initiatives,
community gardens, or programs to improve access to
healthcare and education.
 • Organizations: Various NGOs and government
agencies are involved in urban community
development projects.

❖ 8- Challenges which Pakistan faced or facing during the

Community development ?

• Poverty – Many people lack basic necessities like

food, shelter, and healthcare.
• Unemployment – Limited job opportunities lead to
financial struggles.
• Lack of Education – Many children, especially in
rural areas, don’t have access to quality education.
Poor Healthcare System – Hospitals and clinics are
often underfunded and lack proper facilities.
• Infrastructure Issues – Roads, electricity, and water
supply are not well-developed in many areas.
• Corruption – Misuse of funds and resources slows
down development projects.
• Political Instability – Frequent changes in
government policies affect long-term development
plans. Security Issues – Terrorism and crime
create fear and hinder progress.
❖ 9- how can we overcome/faces these challenges?
Or
What types of policies which we can make or use for
overcome to these challenges or issues?
• Reduce Poverty – Create more job opportunities and
support small businesses.
• Increase Employment – Provide skill training and
promote industries.
 • Improve Education – Build more schools, train teachers,
and offer free education in poor areas.
• Better Healthcare – Increase funding for hospitals,
provide free medicines, and improve medical facilities.
• Develop Infrastructure – Build better roads, provide
clean water, and ensure electricity for all.
• Fight Corruption – Enforce strict laws and ensure
transparency in government projects.
• Ensure Political Stability – Strengthen democratic
institutions and create long-term policies.

➢ Conclusion
In conclusion, community development is a fundamental
process that fosters social, economic, and environmental
improvements at the grassroots level. In Pakistan, its history
has evolved from basic survival efforts post-independence to
more targeted initiatives addressing poverty, education,
healthcare, and infrastructure. The importance of community
development cannot be overstated, as it plays a crucial role
in uplifting marginalized communities, empowering women,
promoting social harmony, and creating sustainable
economic growth. Despite the challenges Pakistan faces,
such as rapid urbanization and poverty, community
development remains key to addressing these issues and
ensuring a prosperous and equitable future for all. Continued
focus on community-driven development will contribute to
long-term progress and overall national development.