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Reflection

The document discusses the nature of light, its theories, and the laws of reflection. It explains the particle and wave theories of light, the characteristics of light, and the types of mirrors, including plane and spherical mirrors. Additionally, it covers image formation, including real and virtual images, and the principles of reflection from various surfaces.

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Yogesh Yadav
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3 views18 pages

Reflection

The document discusses the nature of light, its theories, and the laws of reflection. It explains the particle and wave theories of light, the characteristics of light, and the types of mirrors, including plane and spherical mirrors. Additionally, it covers image formation, including real and virtual images, and the principles of reflection from various surfaces.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Yadav
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
LIGHT : REFLECTION a THE NATURE OF LIGHT (A) THEORIES ABOUT NATURE OF LIGH o «i CONTENTS The Nature of light Reflection of light Laws of reflection of light Nature of image Reflection from the plane mirror Reflection from spherical mirrors Rules for image formation by ray] diagram method Image formation by spherical mirrors in different cases, ‘Numerical method in spherical mirror Summary of images by spherical] mirror Light is « form of energy (optical energy) which helps us in seeing objects by its presence, Particle nature of light _ (Newton's corpuscular theory) : According to Newton light travels in space with a great speed as a stream of very small particles called corpuscles. This theory was failed to explain interference of light and diffraction of light. So wave theory of light was discovered. Wave nature of light : Light waves are electromagnetic waves so there is no need of medium for the propagation of these waves, They can travel in vacuum also. The speed of these waves in air or in ‘vacuum is maximum ie. 3 * 10* ms Photoelectric effect was not explained with the help of wave theory, so Plank gave a new theory ‘which was known as quantum thcory of light iit) Quantum theory of light : ‘When light falls on the surface of metals like cacsium, potassium ete., electrons are given cout. These electrons are called ‘photo- electrons’ and phenomenon is called ‘photo- cloctric effect. This was explained by Einstein. According to plank light consisted of packets or quan energy called photons. The rest mass of photon is zero. Each quanta carries energy B=bv. h— Planck's constant = 6.6 * 10 > Frequency of light Some phenomenons like interference of light, | REFLECTION FROM THE PLANE MIRROR| Relation between the distances of the object and the image from the plane mirror is that they are equal To verify this, consider the geometrical construction shown in figure. Rays OP and OD, starting from the object ©, fall on the mirror. The ray OP is perpendicular to the ‘mirror and henee, reflects back along PO. The incident ray OD and the reflected ray DE ‘make equal angles with the normal DG. The two reflected rays when produced backwards meet at , producing a virtual image there. E G o Now, ZEDG = ZDIO (BG |/10), ZEDG = ZGDO (law of reflection), and ZGDO = ZDO1 (DG | 10). Hence, DIO = ZDOI op=pI Now 0P2=0D2—DP2, and pP=prP- pp? From (i), since OD = DI, OP? = PF or OP = PI. So, inthe case of a plane mirror, the image is formed as far behind the mirror at the same distance asthe object isin front of it SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS ABOUT REFLECTION FROM PLANE SURFACES Lateral inversion : When you see your ‘mage in a vertical plane mirror such as that fixed to an almirah, the head in the image is up and the feet are down, the same way as you actually stand on the floor. Such an image is called an erect image. However, if ‘you move your right hand, it will appear as if the left hand of your image is moving. If you keep a printed page in front of a plane mirror, the image of the letters appear erect but inverted laterally, or sideways. Such an inversion is called lateral inversion. Lek ‘ Object. f}Image ‘# Relative motion of object and image : Case: If an object moves towards (or away from) a plane mirror at speed v ‘The image will also approach (or recede) at speed v ‘The speed of image relative to object will be v-Cy)=2v. Case If the mirror is moved towards or (away from) the object with speed 'v" The image will move towards (or away from) the object with a speed 2v'. Multiple Reflection Number of images formed by combination of plane mirrors depends upon angle between mirrors If there are two plane mirrors inclined to each other at an angle 90° , the number of images of a point object formed are 3. # Deviation : 6 is defined as the angle between directions of incident ray and emergent ray. So if light is incident at an angle of incidence = 180 — (4 + 2) = C80 - fas 4i= 21] Plane mirror So if light is incident at angle of 30%, = (180" ~ 2 = 30°) = 120° and for normal incidence i= 0°, 5= 180" Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror : ‘The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual i) The image formed by a plane mirror is erect. ‘The size of the image formed by a plane mirror is same as that of the size ofthe object. If object is 10 em high, then the image of this object will also be 10 em high. (i) The image formed by a plane mimor is at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it Suppose, an objects placed at Sem in front of a plane mirror then is image will be ‘Sem behind the plane mitror. (¥) The image formed by a plane miror is laterally inverted, ic. the right side of the object appears as the left side ofits image and vice-versa, & Lateral Inversion a [REFLECTION FROM SPHERICAL MIRROR] © INTRODUCTION : There are two types of spherical mirrors: (Concave mirror 4 Peinpal Hr j @ Comverminor A Principal © SOME TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPHERICAL MIRRORS. © Aperture. The diameter of the circular rim of the mirror. In diagram AB is the aperture of the mirror. @ Pole : The centre of the spherical surface of the mirror is called the pole of the mirror. It lies on the surface. In diagram, P is the pole ofthe mirror. Centre of curvature The centre of the spherical shell, of which the mirror is a section, is called centre of curvature of the mirror. It lies outside the surface. Every point fon mirror surface lies at same distance from it, In diagram, C is the centre of curvature of the mirror. © Principal axis : The straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of the mirror, is called principal axis of the © Principal focus : It is @ point on the principal axis of the mirror, such that the rays incident ‘on the mirror parallel to the principal axis after reflection, actually meet at this point (in ease of a concave mirror) oF appear to come from it (in case of a convex mirror). In diagram, F is the principal focus of the RULES FOR IMAGE FORMATION BY| RAY DIAGRAM METHOD © Radius of curvature : The distance between the pole and the centre of curvature of the mirror, is called the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is equal to the radius of the spherical shell of which the mirror is a section. In diagram, PC is the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is represented by the symbol R. Focal length : The distance between the pole and principal focus of the mirror, is called the focal length of the mirror. In diagram, PF is the focal length of the mirror. It is represented by the symbol f £=+2 forconvex 2 for concave Principal section : A section of the spherical mirror cut by @ plane passing through its centre of curvature and the pole of the mirror, is called a principal section of the mirror. It contains the principal axis. In diagram, APB is the principal section of the mirror cut by the plane of the book page. © RULES FOR IMAGE FORMATION FROM CONCAVE MIRROR (a) When the light ray incident parallel t0 the principal axis, ‘Array light parallel to the principal axis Principal axis oR When the light ray incident towards focus. Reflected ray goes parallel to the principal axis (®) When the light ray incident towards centre of curvature, Acray of light passing through the centre of curvature: (©) When the light ray incident on the pole of the mirror. Incident ray Reflected ray @ RULES FOR IMAGE FORMATION FROM CONVEX MIRROR (a) When the light ray incident parallel 10 the principal axis. Reflegted ray Principal axis| OR When the light ray incident parallel to the principal axis. Incident ray Principal axis (®) When the light ray incidem on the mirror directing towards centre of curvature. Rays traveling towards Cbehind the mirror 6 CONVENTION (a) Description : It is a convention which fixes the signs of different distances measured. The ign convention to be followed is the New Cartesian sign convention. It gives the following rules 1. All distances are measured from the pole of the mirror. 2. ‘The distances measured in the same direction as the direction of incident light from pole are taken as positive. 3. ‘The distances measured in the direction opposite to the direction on incident light from pole are taken as negative. 4, Distances measured upward and perpendicular to the principal axis, are taken as positive. 5. Distances measured downward and perpendicular to the principal axis, are taken as negative. IMAGE FORMATION BY SPHERICAL MIRROR IN DIFFERENT CASES Introduction : From mirror formula, we find that for a mirror of a fixed focal length f, as object distance u changes, image distance v also changes. (A) BY CONCAVE MIRROR : (1) Object at Infinity ‘A point object Iying on the principal axis. Rays come parallel to the principal axis and after refleetion from the mirror actually meet atthe focus F. ‘The image is formed at F. It is real and point sized (fig.) Fig. Concave mirror : point object at infinity, image at focus. (2) Object Beyond Centre of Curvature Real object AB has its image A’B' formed and centre of curvature, The werted and diminished ac ¥ Concave mirror : object beyond centre of curvature, image between focus and centre of curvature. (3) Object at Centre of Curvature Real object AB, has its image A’B' formed at centre of curvature. ‘The image is real-inverted and has same size as the object. (fig, B ¢ Concave mirror : object at centre of curvature, image at centre of curvature (4) Object between Centre of Curvature and Focus Real object AB has its image A’B' formed beyond centre of curvature. ‘The image is realsinverted and enlarged (bigger in size than the object). (Fig.) Concave mirror : object between centre of curvature and focus, image beyond centre of curvature. (5) Object at Focus Real object AB has its image formed at infinity The image is imaginary inverted (reflected rays go downward) and must have very large size. Parallel rays to infinity Concave mirror : object at focus image at infinity. (© Object between Focus and Pole Real object AB has its image A’B' formed bbchind the mirror. The image is virtual-erect and enlarged, B + ry Fig. Concave mirror : Object between pole and focus, image behind the misvor. (B) BY CONVEX MIRROR : (1) Object at infin ‘A point object lying on the principal axis Rays come parallel to the principal axis and after reflection from the mirror, appear to diverge from focus F behind the mirror. ‘The image is formed at P. ‘The image is virtual and point sized. [fig.] Fig. Convex mirror : point object at infinity, Virtual image at focus. (2) Object at anywhere on principle axis Image is virtual & point sized NUMERICAL METHOD IN SPHERICAL] MIRROR Definiti : The equation relating the abject distance (u) the image distance (v) and the mirror focal length (f) is called the mirror formula, L © Assumptions made : (i). The mirror has a small aperture. (i) The object lies close to principal axis of the mirror, (ii) The incident rays make small angles with the mirror surface or the principal axis (B) linear magnification For spherical mirrors © Definition : The ratio of the size of the image, as formed by reflection from the mirror to the size of the object, is called linear magnification produced by the mirror. It is represented by the symbol m. v _ height of image height of object (C) Power of mirror Power of a mitror fin Diopters] = Tein mete) UMMARY OF IMAGES BY SPHERICAL, MIRROR Position | Position | Size of | NAture ofobject|ottimage| Image | Avinfinity [AL focus [Highly [Real and IF iminished inverted [Beyond C [Between [Diminished |Real and E Fr inverted : land C 2 [AC [aC Samesize [Realand a inverted © [Between [Beyond C [Enlarged [Real and Fandc inverted ACF __[Atinfniy|Fighly Real and enlarged inverted ‘convex mirror [Between [Behind [Enlarged ]Virtual PandF the land Imirror erect lat infinite Jat focus highly [virtual (diminished [point size fanywhere [between |diminished [virtual lon pole & lerect principal |focus axis Ext Sol. Ex2 + SOLVED EXAMPLES + An object is placed in front of a plane mirror. If the mimor is moved away from the object through a distance x, by how much distance will the image move? Suppose the object O was initially at a distance d from the plane mirror M as shown in fig. The image formed at 0” is at a distance behind the mimor. Now, the mirror is shifted by a distance x to M* such that the distance of the object from M’ becomes d + x. ‘The image now formed at O” which is also at a distance d+ x from M’ o M a ad So, OM=MO'=4 OM'=M0"=d+x Thus, 00"=OM'+MO"=2(d+x)..(1) when 00'=OM + MO'=2d 2) 10"=00"-00" =2d +x)-24 2x ‘Thus, the image is shifted from 0" to O" by a distance 2x. ‘An insect is at a distance of 1.5m from a plane mirror. Calculate the following? (i) Distance at which the image of the insect is formed. (Gi) distance between the insect and its image. Ex3 Sol. Ex Sol. Ex.S (® The distance of insect from the mirror =15m ‘The distance of insect from the mirror is also equal to 1.5 m, The image is formed at 1.5 m behind the mirror. (ii) The distance between the insect and image S41. 3m ‘A concave mirror is made up by cutting a portion of a hollow glass sphere of radius 30 ‘em, Caleulate the focal length of the mirror. The radius of curvature of the mirror = 30 em Thus, the focal length of the mirror 30em ‘An object is placed at a distance of 15 em from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the position of the image. 15cm Sem or v=-30em So the image will be formed 30 cm from the mirror. Since v has a negative sign, the image is formed to the left of the mirror, ie. in front of the mirror as shown in fig, A 3 om long object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave mirror. The distance of the object from the mirror is 15 cem, and its image is formed 30 em from the mirror on the same side of the mirror as the object . Calculate the height of the image formed. Sol. Ex6 Sol.(i) Isem Wem Here u=~15 em and v=—30 em Size of the object, h= [Link] Magnification, m or So the height of the image is 6 em. The minus sign shows that it is on the lower side of the principal axis, ic. the image is inverted. A 1.4 em long object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 15 em at a distance of 10 em from it. Calculate the following () location of the image (ii) height of the image (ii) nature of the image Fora convex mirror, focal length is positive. ‘Therefore, f= +15 mand u=—10 em Using the relation, or or ‘Since v is positive, the image is formed to the right of the mirror ata distance 6 em from it. Ex.7 Ext (ii) Magnification, or bh 10 h'=+0.6 ho = 0.6 * 14 or 84cm. ‘Thus, the height of the image is 0.84 em, (ii) Since his positive, the image will be on the same side ofthe principal axis as the object. Hence, the image is virtual, erect and diminished, An object is placed at a distance of 40 em from a convex mirror of focal length 30 cm, Find the position of image and its nature. Ex9 Here, object distance, u=—[Link] Focal length of convex mirror, f= +30 em 1 Sol. ‘Now, using mirror formula, + ect 1 1 or + et. 120 ‘The positive sign shows that the image is formed on the right, ie. behind the mirror. Now, magnification, y 120 =m=-=- wo Txe40) 7 Since, the magnification is positive, the image is erect. Thus, the image is formed 17.1 em bochind the mirror. The image is virtual, erect and diminished 8 A3 cm high object is placed at a distance of 30-cm from a concave mirror. A real image is formed 60 cm from the mirror. Calculate the focal length of the mirror and the size of the image. Object distance, uu =-30 Image distance, v=-60 (real image is formed on the same side) Now, using the mirror formula, Focal length of the mirror =20 em Magnification m=! = ene bow on Ww 60) 3 (30) or b'=3(2)=-6em ‘The height of the image is 6 em. The negative sign shows that the image is inverted A Lem high object is placed at 20 em in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 em. Find the position and nature of the image. u=—20cm, f=—15 cm, hy=1em Using minor forms, +! wepst or y= 600m ‘The image is formed 60 em from the mirror. Since, the signs of u and v are the same, the ‘object and image are formed on the same side of the mirror. Therefore, the image is real. ‘Now magnification, =20em 3 Lem=~3em ‘The negative sign shows that the image is inverted. Thus, the image is real, inverted and of size 3 cm and formed 60 em in front of the Ex.10 Ex. Sol. ‘An object 4 cm high is placed 25 em in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 em. At what distance from the mirror should a sereen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and size of image. Here, u=-25 em, f=—15 om,h=+4om Using the miro formula, + we get tila oy y= or ta vo o y= 2 Thus, the screen must be placed 37.5 em from the mirror on the same side as the object. Now, magnification, m= M=_¥ bow hy, Hem (25) or W=—15*4=-6em Negative sign shows that the image is inverted. Hence, the image is real, inverted and of size 6 em. An object 5 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 em from @ convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 em. Find the position, nature and. size of image. Here, u=—20 em, h Radius of curvature, r Focal length, The image is formed 8.5 em from the mirror. The positive sign shows that the image is formed on the other side or behind the mirror. So the image is virtual on me Magnification, m= 7 Ex.12 Sol. ° hi 60/7 60 3 ‘The height of the image is 2.1 cm. Positive sign shows that the image is erect A-convex mirror used on a automobile has 3 ‘m radius of curvature. If a bus is located 5 m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of image. Here, u=-5 m,r=+3m Using the relation, 2 + 1. Lowe ext h Magnification, m=" i mar 023 wu C5) Thus, the image is virtual, erect and smaller in size than the object. IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE REMEMBER © Laws of reflection : (a) Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (b) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the ‘normal all lie in the same plane. Mirror : A smooth, highly polished reflecting surface is called a mirror. There are two types ‘of mirrors : (a) plane mirror (b) curved mirrors Curved mirrors are classified as spherical mirrors or parabolic mirrors depending upon the curvature of the mirror. © Concave mirror : A spherical mirror whose inner hollow surface is the reflecting surface is called concave mirror. A concave mirror forms a real, inverted image of an object if the object is placed at any place outside F. However, when the object lies between F and P, the image formed is erect and virtual. Convex mirror : A spherical mirror whose outer bulging at surface is the reflecting surface is called convex mirror. The image formed by a convex mirror is always erect, virtual and smaller than the object whatever ‘may be the position of the object. A convex mirror is used as a side-mirror (driver's mirror) on automobiles. Aperture of a mirror : The effective width of a spherical mirror from which reflection can take place is called its aperture. Pole : The centre of a curved mirror is called its pole. Centre of curvature : The centre of the hollow sphere of which the spherical mirror is, a part is called its centre of curvature. The centre of curvature of a concave mitror isin front of it, while that of a convex mirror is behind it Radius of curvature : Radius of the hollow sphere of which the mirror is a partis called its radius of curvature, Prin A straight line passing through the centre of curvature and pole of a spherical mirror is called its principal axis. Focus : A point on the principal axis of a mirror at which the rays coming from infinity meet or appear to mect is called its focus. Focus is denoted by F. Focal length : The distance between the pole of a spherical mirror and the focus is called the focal ofa spherical mirror. Real image : The image which can be obtained on a screen is called a real image. A real image is formed only when the reflected or refracted rays actually mect at a point. Virtual image : The image which can be seen into a mirror but cannot be obtained on a screen is called a virtual image. A virtual image is formed only when the reflected o the reffacted rays appear to come from a point © Sign convention for spherical mirrors : According to the sign convention for mirror, the focal length of @ concave mirror is negative and that of a convex mirror is positive. © Mirrors formula : ‘The relationship, 414 ig called the mirror formula Tvu © Magnification : The ratio of the size of the image to that of the object is called ‘magnification. For a mitror, magnification (M) is given by, voh uh, Power (in diopters) = = © CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SIGN CONVENTION © For spherical mirror : Distance ofthe object, wis negative Distance ofthe real image, vis negative Distance of the virtual image Vis positive Focal length, Tis negative for lconcave & fis + lve for convex Radius of curvature, Ris negative for concave & Ris +ve for Ticight of the object, (O's positive Height ofthe inverted (real) image, | Tis negative Height ofthe erect (virtual) image, | Tis positive -XERCISE # 1 Qu Q2 Q3 Q4 [Dl Short Answer Type Questions Qs Q.0 Qu Qn hort Answer Type Questions A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror, i being the angle of incidence. What is the deviation suffered by the ray of light? A plane mirror reflects a pencil of light to form a real image. What is the nature of the pencil of light incident on the mirror? Define principal axis of a spherical mirror. ‘What is the focal length of a plane mirror? Two perpendicular plane mirror forms umber of images of a point source of light. What is the magnification produced by a plane mirror? Which mirror would you use for shaving? Suppose x and y are distances of object and image respectively from @ mirror. What shall be the shape of the graph between Land for concave mirror? y ‘An object is placed between two plane parallel mirrors, Why do the distant images get fainter and fainter? Why mirrors used in search light are parabolic and not concave spherical? You read a newspaper because of the light that it reflects, Then why do you not see even a faint image of yourself in the newspaper? If you were driving a car, what type of mirror would you prefer to use for observing traffic at your back and why? Qu3 Qus Qus Qu Qi7 Qus Quy Q20 Qui Q22 We known that plane and convex. mirrors produce virtual images of objects. Can they produce real images. under some circumstances ? Explain The wall of a room is covered with perfect plane mirror. Two movie films are made, one recording the movement of a man and the other of his mirror image. From viewing the films later, can an outsider tell which is which? ‘A concave mirror is held in water. What ‘would be the change in the focal length of the What is the difference between the virtual images produced by (i) plane Gi) concave mirror, (ii) convex mirror? Show that if a ray of light is reflected successively from two mirrors inlined at an angle 0, the deviation of the ray does not ‘depend upon the angle of incidence. Use the mirror equation to deduce that an object placed between f and 2f of a concave ‘mirror produces a real image beyond 2f. Show that a convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the object. Prove that the virtual image produced by a convex miror is always diminished in size and is located between the focus and the pole. Show analytically that an object placed between the pole and focus of a concave ‘mirror produces a virtual and enlarged image. We know that a virtual image cannot be ‘obtained on a sereen, But when we see a virtual image, we are obviously bringing it on the retina (may be regarded as a sereen) of the eye. Point out the contradiction, if any. 023 Q24 Q25 0.26 Q27 [Gi bong Answer Type Questions Q.28 Q29 Why a concave mircor of small. aperture forms a sharper image? What do you understand by the term ‘parallax’? How can you distinguish between three different mirrors just by looking at them? What is the effect of size of mirror on the nature of image ? Is irregular reflection follows the laws of reflections or not ? Prove that the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is equal to twice the focal length of the mirror, Derive mirror formula for a concave mirror when image formed is (i) real (i) virtual Also give the sign convention used. Q30 Q31 Q32 Find formulae for magnification produced in the following cases : (i) concave mirror, when image formed is real (ji) concave mirror, ‘when image formed is virtual (ii) convex mirror. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object placed between the pole and centre of curvature of a concave mirror. Derive the formula connecting object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal length (f) for this particular case for the given concave mirror. State clearly the assumptions and sign conventions used, Express magnification produced by a spherical mirror in terms of (i) wand fil) v and f. EXERCISE # 2 BE Sinzte Correct Answer type Questions Qu Q2 Q3 Q4 06 Q7 A child walks towards a fixed plane mirror at a speed of 5 km hl, The velocity of the image with respect to mirror is - (A) S kmh (B)-Skmh+ (©) 10kmbt (D)-10 kmh! ‘The letter that does not show lateral (QZ ®)M ©o Mw Ina plane mirror, an object is 0.5 m in front of the mirror. The distance between object and image is - (4) 05 m (©)0.25 m (B) 1m (D)0.75 m An object 0.5 m tall is in front of a plane mirror at a distance of 0.2 m. The size of the image formed is- (A)02m ()OSm (C)0.1m ()1m A plane mirror is approaching you at 10 em s. Your image shall approach you with a speed of (A+ 10cms! — (B)~106mst ()+20ms! — (D)—20ems* The path along which light travels in a homogeneous medium is called a- (A) beam of light (B) ray of light (©) pencil of light (D) none of these A thin layer of water is transparent but a very thick layer of water is- (A) translucent —_(B) opaque (©) most transparent (D) none of these 8 a9 Quo Qui uz ‘Air is not visible Because it (A) is nearly a perfectly transparent (B) neither absorbs nor reflects light (O transmits whole of light, (D) all of the above are correct According to laws of reflection of ight - (A) Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (B) Angle of incidence is less than the angle of reflection (© Angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection (D) None of these Which of the following correctly represents graphical relation between angle of incidence () and angle of reflection (1)? y y w! 7 @! \ =r * Oa * o y y o! o! o——r* =r * AA light ray falls on a mirror and deviates by (60° then the angle of reflection will be (A) 30° (B) 90° cor (D) 180° A ray of light is incident on a plane miro at an angle 0. If the angle between the incident and reflected rays is 80°, what isthe value of 8 (A) 40° (B) 50° (as (D)ss° 13 Quis Q.16 Quy Light shows - (A) Random propagation (B) Curvilinear propagation (©) Rectilinear propagation (D) None of these The image of the moon is formed by a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 4.8 mat a time when distance from the moon is 24% 10% m. if the diameter is of the image is 2.2 em, the diameter of the moon is- (ALT= 10m (B)2.2* 10m (©)22% 108m — (D)2.2* 10" m The focal length of @ concave mirror is f and the distance of the object from the principal focus is a. The magnitude of magnification obtained will be- (A (f+ yt (vt va (B) fla (Oy Pie ‘The magnification of an object placed 10 em from a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 em will be- (ayo2 ol (B)os (D) infinity The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. then the position of the object should be- (A) between the focus and the centre of curvature (B) at the centre of curvature (C) beyond the centre of curvature (D) between the pole of the mirror and the focus Quy Q20 Qui ‘The magnification produced by a concave mirror - (A) is always more than one (B) is always less than one (Cis always equal to one (D) may be less than or greater than one Choose the correct relation between u, v and R. (a) R=2™ R= wry uty (CQ R=2224) Dy none of these (av) The image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same size as that of the object. The position of the object should be: (A) Beyond C ware (B) Between C and F AF A boy is standing in front of a plane mirror at a distance of 3m form it. What is the distance between the boy and his image ? (3m B4sm (om (D) none of these ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-1 1 x-2i 2. virtual 3 1 61 7. plane mirror 4 Jinear ® vu ft 9. 10. ‘They reflect light parallel 15. No change 26, Image becomes brighter 27. Yes EXERCISE-2 ous! tT 2 [3 Ta tTs~ToeT7[ stow nT 3 [4 7s Ans |B pftsfc{[sefatotalto aB{tc{s[s Ques] 16 [17 [1s [19 | 20 | 2 ans[ B | pb [po Ta tetc

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