Spontaneity and Improvisation adds up to

the totality of the artwork

Art Appreciation ★ unexpectedness of the changes
brought about by the improvisation
Soulmaking, Improvisation, gives a distinctive quality that
and Appropriation creates individuality and identity
★ Art has been an instrument to reflect
so that the future generations can Improvisation is evident in the process of
have a glimpse of the past painting — during the 1960’s, Art
★ Societies have improved the ways Improvisation has taken from in the
and means through which art galleries around New York City.
communicative tool ★ these performances were known as
the “happenings” which paved the
SOULMAKING way for modern body art and
In art, it requires visual understanding and performance art
a certain level of awareness to the style, ★ Georges Mathieu — started “action
form, and content; painting” wherein the process is seen
Style is the distinctive handling of real-time (process is more important
elements and media associated with the than the finished product).
work of an individual artist, school,
movement, or specific culture or time APPROPRIATION
period. During the 20th century, people raised the
Form is what the audience see as question whether or not the act of deriving
the finished product put harmoniously (or meaning gives the ownership of the viewer
not) according to different principles of rather than the artist
design — the totality of the artwork, ★ Emergence of Appropriation –
including texture, colors and shapes used. promoted the idea that the
Content includes not only its form authorship relies on the viewer
but also its subject matter and underlying ★ Appropriation Artists can take as
meanings or themes much as they want from the existing
artwork
IMPROVISATION
Improvisation can be defined as doing There’s a thin demarcation line between
something without prior preparation appropriation art and forgery
★ a reaction against stiffness in the ★ if an apprentice painter needs to
arts during the 20th century hone their skills, they are allowed to
★ call for liberation from the monotony use their master’s work to copy
that aims to rekindle the creative ★ the problem arises when the
spirits of people in the arts appropriation artist would get bits
and pieces from other works and
incorporate it into their own, then
the voice and perspective of the
other artists get lost with that of the
appropriation artist
Forgery can be classified in two forms; Marcel Duchamp is the first artist to
★ outright copies of existing works and successfully demonstrate forms of
pastiches, which are works that appropriation within his work — devised the
bring together elements from a work concept of ‘readymade’ which involves an
and infusing them into a new work item being chosen by the artist, signed by
★ creating an approximate of what an the artist and repositioned into a gallery
artist would do by prediction, which context.
can be done by observing the
techniques and style the artist To properly examine the concept, it is
employed and even the focal points necessary to consider the work of the artists
highlighted in his previous and associated with appropriation with regards
existing work to their motivations, reasoning, and the
effect of their work.
Some would argue that the reason behind
appropriation is that they want the Author refers to the one who originates or
audience to recognize the images they gives existence to a piece of work.
copied Authorship determines a responsibility for
★ Andy Warhol | Campbell’s Soup what is created by that author.
Cans (1962) — Warhol copied the
original labels of the soup can, this The practice of appropriation is often
attempt could in turn stimulate thought to support the point of view that
product recognition. authorship in art i an outmoded or
misguided concept
Appropriation is the act of borrowing or ★ Roland Barthes is the most famous
reusing existing elements within a new work supported of this notion — “The
★ Post-modern appropriation artists, Death of the Author” (1966) argued
including Barbara Kruger, are keen that we should not look to the
to deny the notion of ‘originality’ — creator of a literary or artistic work
they believe that borrowing existing when attempting to interpret the
imagery or elements is meaning inherent within
re-contextualising or appropriating
the original imagery that allows the “The explanation of a work is always
viewer to renegotiate the meaning sought in the person who created it but it
of the original ina different, more is the language which speaks; not the
relevant context author” — with appropriated works, the
viewer is less likely to consider the role of
The process and nature of appropriation has the author or artist in constructing
been considered by anthropologists as part interpretations and opinions of the work if
of the study of cultural change and they are aware the work which it was
cross-cultural contact. appropriated.
Contemporary Art ★ to explore personal or cultural
→ more recent creative work is referred to identity, critique societal and institutional
as contemporary art or postmodern art systems, or even re-define art
★ produced in the second half of the ★ generate difficult or
20th century or in the 21st century thought-provoking subjects without
★ work in a globally influenced, providing clear answers in the process
culturally diverse & technologically
advancing world HOW DID MODERN ART STARTED A NEW
★ art is a dynamic combination of PERIOD?
materials, methods, concepts, and subjects Impressionism was the foundation of
that continue the challenging of boundaries contemporary art; began in Paris
that was already well underway in the 20th ★ reaction to a rather formal and
century rigorous style of painting practiced
★ distinguished by the very lack of in studios and dictated by
uniform, organizing principle, ideology, or conventional organizations such as
“-ism” the Academie des Beaux-Arts
★ part of cultural dialogue that Post-Impressionists primarily composed
concerns larger contextual frameworks their works independently of others,
such as personal & cultural identity, family, allowing them to experiment in a variety of
community, and nationality directions, ranging from intensified
Impressionism, as typified by Van Gogh, to
MODERN ART pointillism, as seen in Seurat’s “Sunday
Modern — relating to the present or recent Afternoon in the Island of La Grande Jatte
times as opposed to the remote past (1884-1886)
Art — expression or application of human
creative skill and imagination, typically in a CONTEMPORARY ARTS VS MODERN ART
visual form ★ Contemporary Art emphasize
★ from 1860’s to 1970’s innovation and freedom; focuses on societal
★ traditional norms are abandoned in influence, with the society as a major
favor of experimentation — new ways of emphasis
seeing, material nature, and roles of art → made in a wider range of materials –
★ tend to move away from narrative object design, tech-enabled artwork, and
and toward abstraction graphical arts
→ flourished with modernism at first, but is
Curiosity, an open mind, and a desire to see today as distinct
discuss and debate are the best tools for → Contemporary Art Society was created
approaching a piece of modern art. by Roger Fry and his associates in 1910

CONTEMPORARY ART
CONTEMPORARY ART
Contemporary — living or occurring at the Pure Pop (Mona Lisa) Orlando Quevedo
same time; belonging to the present
Campbell’s Soup Cans (1962) Andy Warhol
★ made by living artists now
★ depicts the diverse, global, and Garapata Dex Fernandez
ever-changing issues that shape our world
 ★ Modern Art is an expression of OPTICAL ART
personality; made on canvas → branch of mid-20th century geometric
→ Modern Art corresponds to a certain abstract art that deals with optical illusion
time period → systematic and precise manipulation of
→ Modern style evolves with time, resulting shaped and colors
in a wider range of methods and outputs → effects can be based either on
perspective illusion or on chromatic
MODERN ART
tension
Wheatfields with Crows (1890) Vincent Van → the dominant medium of Optical Art is
Gogh surface tension — usually maximized to the
point at which an actual pulsation or
Galatea de las Esferas (1952) Salvador Dali
flickering is perceived by the human eye
Sunday Afternoon in the Island Georges OPTICAL ART
of La Grande Jatte (1884-1886) Seurat
Zebra Victor Vasarely
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM Achaean Bridget Riley
→ seeks to depict not objective reality but
rather subjective emotion and responses
KINETIC ART
that objects and events arouse within a
→ from any medium that contains
person
movements perceivable by the viewer or
two major styles:
that depends on motion for its effect
1. Action Painting – direct, instinctual,
→ as a moniker developed from a number
and highly dynamic kind of art; involves the
of sources
spontaneous application of vigorous,
Kinetic Sculpture — sculpture in
sweeping brushstrokes and the chance
which movement is a basic element
effects and spilling paint into canvas
Movement — motor-driven part or
2. Color Fields – direct, instinctual,
changing electronic image
and highly dynamic kind of art; large-scale
Kineticism — the use of actual
canvases dominated by flat expanses of
movement in the 20th century, became an
color and having a minimum of surface
important aspect of sculpture
detail; have unified single-image field and
differ qualitatively from the gestural, KINETIC ART
expressive brushwork
Expressionism as a distinct style or Abstraction Alexander Calder
movement refers to a number of German
Meta-Harmonie II Jean Tinguely
artists, as well as Austrian, French, and
Russian ones, who became active in the
years before World War I and remained so
throughout much of the interwar period.

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Convergence (195) Jackson Pollock

Multiform (1948) Mark Rothko

 MINIMALISM
POST MODERNISM
→ also called ABC art, is the culmination of
reductionist tendencies in modern art. 10 Marilyn Monroe (1967) Andy Warhol
Minimal Sculpture — extremely
simple, monumental geometric forms made One and Three Chairs (1965) Joseph Kosuth
of fiberglass, plastic, sheet metal, or
aluminum, either left raw or solidly painter NEO-POP ART
with bright industrial colors → also called Post-Pop Art
Minimalist Sculptors — attempted → style that has been influenced by Pop Art
to make their works totally objective, → its first wave emerged in the 1980’s as a
unexpressive, and non-referential. reaction to the Minimalism and
Conceptualism of the 1970’s
MINIMALISM
→ used the iconography of Pop Art to their
Untitled (Stacks) Donald Judd own ends, creating commentary that mimics
Pop Art, but also incorporating
Harran II Frank Stella contemporary “kitsch” imagery and
references to political and social issues that
POP ART did not exist in the 60’s
→ emerged in the 1950’s and flourished in
NEO POP ART
the 1960’s in America and Britain
→ based on popular culture and mass Portrait Twin; Futago Yasumasa Morimura
media (1988)
→ characterized by bold, simple, everyday
727 (1996) Takashi Murakami
imagery and vibrant block colors
→ aimed to blur the boundaries between Paris Hilton Autopsy Daniel Edwards
high art and low culture (2007)
POP ART
PHOTOREALISM
Great American Nude #21 Tom Wesselmann → also known as Hyperrealism or
(1961)
Superrealism; depended heavily on
Popeye (1961) Roy Lichtenstein photographs, which they often projected
onto canvas allowing images to be
House of Fire (1981) James Rosenquist replicated with precision and accuracy
→ came about within the same period and
POST MODERNISM context as Conceptual Art, Pop Art, and
→ refers to a reaction against modernism Minimalism
→ less cohesive movement than an → expressed strong interest in realism in
approach and attitude toward art, culture, art, over that of idealism and abstraction
and society PHOTOREALISM
→ can also be characterized by a deliberate
use of earlier styles and conventions, and an Telephone Booth (1986) Richard Estes
eclectic mixing of different artistic and
Erschossener; Man shot down Gerhard Ritchter
popular styles and mediums
1 (1988)
→ late 21st and 20th century art style
 CONCEPTUALISM
EARTH ART
→ movement that prizes ideas over the
formal or visual components of art works Broken Circle; Spiral Hill (1971) Robert Smithson
→ took myriad forms, such as
performances, happenings, and ephemera California Dreaming Christo and
(1972-1976) Jeanne-Claude
→ from mid-1960’s to mid-1970’s produced
works and writings that completely
rejected standard ideas of art STREET ART
→ done in public surfaces such as buildings
CONCEPTUALISM
exteriors, highway overpass, and sidewalks
Mother and Child Damien Hirst → more common in cities
Undivided (1993) → similar to graffiti in that it is done in
public spaces and is usually unauthorized
The Trees will Riot (2020) Robert Montigomery → encompasses a broader range of media
and is more closely associated with graphic
PERFORMANCE ART design (Tate, 2018)
→ presented live, usually by artist but
STREET ART
sometimes with collaborators or performers
→ created through actions performed by Untitled; Skull (1981) Jean Michel
artists or other participants, which may be Basquiat
live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted
Houston Bowery Wall (1982) Keith Haring
PERFORMANCE ART

Rhythm 0 (1974) Marina Abramovic

Cutpiece (1964) Yoko Ono

INSTALLATION ART
→ one of the most impactful and
enchanting art genres in existence
→ intended to fill entire rooms or even
entire exhibition space (Lesso, 2020)

INSTALLATION ART

Yard (1967) Allan Kaprow

Aftermath of Obliteration of Yayoi Kusama

Eternity (2009)

EARTH ART
→ also known as Land Art or Earthworks
→ primarily an American movement that
produces site-specific structures, art forms,
and sculptures using natural landscape
(The Art Story, 2018)
Asian Art ANCIENT CHINESE ART| POTTERY
★ Asian or Eastern Art includes a vast ★ oldest known pots in the world was
range of influences from various cultures from Xianrendong Cave Pottery, Jiangxi
and religions Province
★ Developments in Asian art ★ heavy and functional storage jars
historically parallel those in Western art, ★ during the Han dynasty, there were
in general a few centuries earlier early developments in techniques and kilns
★ excluding prehistoric art, the art of
Mesopotamia represents the oldest forms ART INFLUENCE
of Asian art ★ chinese philosophies of Buddhism,
Confucianism, and particularly Taoism
CHINESE ART ★ aims to show a sense of harmony
→ oldest continuous art traditions between humans and the larger world
→ Chinese Art in the 10,000 B.C.E included
pottery and sculptures INDIAN ART
→ Scholars and nobles preserved Chinese → consists of variety of art forms, including
artistic traditions and were adapted by each painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts
successive dynasty such as woven silk
→ over centuries, Chinese art produced; → spans entire Indian subcontinent: India,
★ paintings Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lank, Nepal and
★ calligraphies at times eastern Afghanistan
★ architecture → strong sense of design can be observed
★ pottery in its modern and traditional forms
★ sculptures → origin can be traced to prehistoric
★ bronzes settlements in the 3rd millennium BC
★ jade carvings → had cultural and religious influences;
★ other fine/decorative arts ★ Hinduism
★ Buddhism
ANCIENT CHINESE ART| PAINTING ★ Jainisim
★ walls, coffins and boxes, screens, silk ★ Sikhism
scrolls, fixed fans, book covers, and folding ★ Islam
fans were the most popular formats → having an especially large influence in
★ wood and bamboo were the most Tibet, Southeast Asia and China
popular materials used by the earliest → have received influences at times,
artists, and then adopted plastered walls, especially from Central Asia and Iran, and
silk, and paper Europe
★ portraits and landscapes were the → divided into specific periods throughout
two most popular themes history, each reflecting certain religious,
political and cultural relevance and
developments
★ Petroglyphs — earliest of which is
similar to those found in Bhimbetka, some
of which dates before 5500 BC
→ Sculpture was a common practice
MORE INDIAN ART
among Indian Buddhist and Hindus
→ Hinduism continued to be a main focus Yakshi Bracket Figure. East Torana of the Great
of Indian Art for centuries, as sculptures of Stupa at Sanchi. 1st Century BCE/CE. Madhya
deities like Shiva were commonly produced Pradesh, India
→ by the 16th century, Islam gained
Bhimbetka Cave Painting
importance under the Mughal Empire and
art production under Islamic rules Indus Valley Civilization

“Classical Indian architecture, Ellora Caves

sculpture, painting, literature (kaavya),
Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra
music and dancing evolved their own rules
conditioned by their respective media, but Statue of Lord Indra in Ellora Cave at
they shared with one another not only the Jagannatha Sabha
underlying spirituals beliefs of the Indian
Wall Frescoes at the Ajanta Caves (Aurangabad)
religion-philosophic mind, but also the
procedures by which the relationships of the Royal Hunt Mahabharata
symbols and the spiritual states were
worked out in details” — Kapila Vatsyayan Ajanta Caves Paintings

Mughal Empire from Mughal Architecture

NOTABLE INDIAN ART
★ Taj Mahal (1631) Persian Miniatures by the Great Iranian Poet,
→ in total, construction of 42 acres Ferdowsi
(17-hectare) complex spanned 22 years
★ The Iron Pillar, Delhi Mughal Paintings from Siva Travelogue
→ built in the 4th century, features Sanskrit
inscriptions in Brahmi script JAPAN ART
→ created in honor of the Hindu God Vishnu → undergone series of transitions and
→ showcases India’s prowess in metallurgy periodization; transitioned into a cultural
— a branch of science that focuses mixing pot
particularly on the properties of production → influenced by Korean and Chinese
and purification of metals artwork
★ Konark Sun Temple → a wide range of art styles and media;
→ built in the 13th century, this impressive ★ ancient pottery
temple is dedicated to the Hindu sun God ★ sculpture in wood and bronze
Surya ★ ink painting on silk and paper
→ carved from stone in the form of a ★ calligraphy
100-foot-high chariot with immense wheels ★ ceramics
and horses ★ architecture
★ The Priest-King ★ oil painting
→ carved steatite statuette found during ★ literature
the excavation of the Bronze Age, city of ★ drama
Mohenjodaro
★ music
→ both religious and secular artistics ★ Great Wave of Kanagawa
tradition developed, but even the secular → “The Wave” by Hokusai
art was imbued with Buddhist and → four details; waves, prussian blue, mount
Confusican aesthetic principles fuji, boats and fisherman
★ Zen concept — every aspect of ★ Hiroshige
the material world is part of an all → known for his horizontal-format
encompassing whole landscapes series “The fifty-three stations
→ during the 19th century, Japanese of the Tokaido”
woodblock prints, paintings, and ceramics → also known for his vertical-format
had a considerable influence on European landscape popular series “One hundred
art particularly in cubism and impressionism famous view of Edo”
→ Contemporary Japanese Art is → Hiroshige’s death marked the beginning
concerned with themes such as self-identity of the rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre
and finding fulfillment in a world dominated ★ Sharaku
by technology → was a Japanese ukiyo-e print designer
→ since 1990’s, Japanese animation known → known for his portraits of Kabuki actors
as Anime, has become widely popular with → over 140 prints established prints;
young people in the west majority are portraits of actors or scenes
from Kabuki and Sumo Wrestlers
★ Haniwa ★ Nishiki-e
→ ceramic figures that is made up of clay → type of Japanese multi-colored
→ made for ritual use and buried with the woodblock printing
dead as funerary object → 1760’s; used primarily in ukiyo-e
★ Shinoism → Suzuki Harunobu developed the
→ native religion of Japan technique of polychrome printing to
→ based on Japanese Polytheistic idea of produce nishiki-e
“kami” (deity) ★ Kaiga
→ Shinyo means “way of kami” → Japanese Painting
→ collection of native beliefs and mythology → one of the oldest and mostly highly
→ worshipping nature and natural objects refined of the Japanese art
ranging from trees, lakes, mountains, ★ Jomon Period Pottery
flowers, and rocks → first settlers of Japan — Jomon People
★ Buddhism → named for the cord markings that
→ integral part of Japanese culture decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels
→ Buddhist temples are staples key place were nomadic hunter-gatherers
→ Art is essence became an expression of ★ Yayoi Art
worship for the Japanese People → bringing knowledge of wetland rice
★ Ukiyo-e cultivation, the manufacturer or copper
→ art movement which flourished in the weapons and bronze bells (dotaku)
17th to 19th century → used for rituals
→ woodblock prints and paintings of such → oldest dotaku found date from the 2nd
subjects like travel scenes and landscapes, and 3rd century
female beauties, and sumo wrestlers
 ★ Kofun Art ★ Neolithic Art (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE)
→ represents a modification of yayoi culture → Korean ancient pottery improved during
→ typical artifacts are bronze mirrors, the Neolithic period with the creation of
symbol of political alliances called haniwa flat-bottomed vessel decorated with
★ Manga zigzag pattern
→ refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics ★ Comb-Patterned Pottery (3,000
and animation BCE)
→ among English speakers, it has a stricter → vessel form found in early comb pottery
meaning of Japanese comics is a simple v-shape with a pointed or
rounded bottom
→ surface is entirely covered with
MORE JAPANESE ART
impressed or incised lines, short, slanting,
Kaiga Panel form the Tale of Genji and parallel, arranged in either horizontal or
vertical rows so as to produced a sort of
Jomon Period Statuette with Snow Glasses comb pattern
Pottery
→ in later pottery the clay is often
Yayoi Art Dotaku, 3rd century tempered with asbestos or talc stone, and
the base of the vessel tends to be flattened
Kofun Art Haniwa Horse → earlier, space-filling linear design yields
to more sparsely placed curvilinear designs
KOREAN ART consisting of dots
→ Korean Arts includes tradition in; ★ Jeulmun Pottery Period
★ calligraphy → named after the decorated pottery
★ music vessels that form a large part of the pottery
★ paintings assemblage consistently over the above
★ pottery period, especially 4000-2000 BC
→ earliest example consists of stone age ★ Bronze Age
works dating from 300 BCE — votive → began around the 15th century BCE with
sculpture, although petroglyphs have also the everyday use of mumun pottery, ground
been recently discovered stone tools, and wooden tools
→ sometimes modified Chinese traditions → only few people possessed bronze tool
with a native preference for simple which served either as a symbol or authority
elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity or as ritual instruments
→ Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) was one of ★ Korean Swords
the most prolific periods for the artists in → served as a central place in the defense
many disciplines, especially in pottery of the nation for thousands of years
→ higher quality, ceremonial swords were
★ Melon-shaped Wine Ewer typically reserved for the officer corps as a
→ first half of the 12th century symbol of authority with which to command
→ demonstrates Goryeo potter’s technical the troops
skill and conceptual sophistication in → ceremonial swords are still granted to
transforming everyday motifs from nature military officials by the civilian authority to
into functional and aesthetically pleasing this day
vessel → two categories; Geom and Do
 ★ Magatama ★ Korean Fabric Arts
→ curved, comma-shaped beads that → making fabric and textiles produced by
appeared in pre-historic Japan from the the people on the korean peninsula
final Jomon period through the Kofun → or crafts such as Korean quilts,
period (1000 BCE to the 6th century CE) embroidery, knots, clothing, blinds weaving,
★ Iron Age paper clothing
→ begins in the 4th century BCE ★ Korean Knot
→ corresponds to the later stage of → used to signify dignity and prestige
Gojoseon, the Jin State period in the south, → decorated Buddhist ornaments
and the Proto-three Kingdoms period of the → most common use of knowst was in
1st to 4th century CE Norigae — worn by women as clothing
→ period that begins after 300 BCE can be decoration
described as the protohistoric — time when ★ Korean Paper Art
some documentary sources seem to → or hanji is the handmade paper from
describe societies in the Korean peninsula Korea
★ Goguryeo → made from the inner bark or
→ also called Goryeo, was a Korean Broussonetia Papyrifera known as paper
Kingdom located in the northern and central mulberry — a tree native to Korea that
parts of Korean Peninsula and the southern grows well on its rocky mountain sides (dak)
and central parts of Manchuria ★ Korean Mask
→ Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean → or tal, come with black clothing attached
peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and to the sides of the masks designed to cover
parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner the back of the head and to simulate black
Mongolia hair
★ Baekje ★ Korean Paintings Art
→ was founded as a member of the Mahan → Ko Hu i-dong — western-style oil
confederacy painting in Korean art in self portraits
→ absorbed and conquered other Mahan → Arahat – Joseon buddhist painting in the
Chiefdoms and at its peak in the 4th 16th century
century, controlled most of the western → were popular subjects in court painting in
Korean peninsula the late Joseon Dynasty, and dozens of
★ Silla them were produced for various occasions
→ earliest founded of the three kingdoms; 1. Buddhist Paintings
Silla was likely the last of the three to 2. Confucian Paintings
establish a centralized government 3. Decorative Paintings
→ smallest and weakest of the Three
Kingdoms of Korea TIBETAN ART
★ Korean Calligraphy and Printing → also known as Himalayan Art that refers
→ where brushstroke reveal the artists’ to the art of Tiber and other present and
personality enhancing the subject matter former Himalayan Kingdoms
that is painter → also called Lamaism which is a regional
→ represent apogee and Korean Confucian form of northern Buddhism
Art → Artists were largely anonymous despite
the existence of flourishing workshops
→ evolved from the 7th century CE this day and continues to be one ot the most
→ Tubo Kingdom is when Tibetan arts have consequential aspects of Bhutanese culture
developed; originated from rock paintings in ★ Rooted in Buddhism
ancient times — animal images of deer, ox, ★ believed to have been introduced by
sheep, horse and more hunting scene Pema Lingpa in the 15th century
→ religious painting have made a further ★ categorized in 17th century by
progress most especially after introducing Tenzin Rabgye — the 4thDruk Desi; a title
Buddhism given to the rules which means thunder
dragon
★ Arts and Crafts ★ always anonymous; if a work of art
→ stone carving, mural painting, and bears a name, it is usually the name of the
thangka paintings person who commissioned it — because the
→ often religious in theme importance of the craft lies in the craft itself
★ Belief ★ colors permeate every aspect of the
→ sacred art; drawing elements are from paintings, woodwork, sculptures, and
religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and embroideries that depict deities, sacred
other tribal groups and others reflecting the animals and other relevant imagery
overriding influence of Tibetan Buddhism
Lhazo Bhutanese Wall
→ followed rules regarding proportions, Paintings
shape color, stance, hand positions,
attributes in order to personify correctly the Jimzo Sculpting
Buddha or deities
Shingzo Wood Carving
★ Sand Mandala
→ spiritual symbol depicting the universe Parzo Carving
and the cosmos
→ has geometric patterns Dezo Papermaking
→ ceremonies and viewing are done to
Dozo Masonry
symbolise Buddhist doctoral belief
Shagzo Wood Turning
BHUTANESE ART
→ remains an essential part of daily life that Thagzo Weaving
retains purity and handcraft of ancient
Tshemzo Embroidery
times that rarely manifests itself in Western
Culture Lugzo Casting
→ internal and external spirituality—full
of the sacred beliefs of this mystic and Tsharzo Cane Weaving
mysterious land—of creating a work of art
Garzo Blacksmithing
from the past
→ represents a religious experience, a Troeko Metal Ornaments
connection with something that goes
beyond them and enlightens them creatively

→ the 13 traditional arts and crafts,

known as Zorig Chusum, has prevailed to
Philippine Art WOOD CARVING
→ has had a rich history → from Palawan; depict animals that are
→ not only for daily activities but also for representations of their religious beliefs
religious ceremonies and customs → in Mindanao; Tausug and Maranao
people are known for their Okir
POTTERY ★ Pako Rabong
→ practical value for the early filipinos, → ancient indigenous form of the Maranaw
such as pots for cooking and larges vases artistic design
for storing → “pako” or “piyako” refers to beautiful
→ earliest art forms used by early Filipinos motif copied from “Salimbayan-pilipit”
★ Manunggul Jar design of leaf — literally means “sumisibol o
→ one of the most prominent artifacts of yumayabong na pako”
pottery; found in Palawan → often used in clothes and fabrics laid out
→ represent the religious beliefs and as decor indoors; also used in jewelry
practices ★ Sarimanok
→ burial jar; two men rowing a boat → legendary bird that became an
→ reflects beliefs in the afterlife — crossing ubiquitous symbol of Maranao Art
of the body of water is the transition from → depicted as a fowl with colorful wings
life here on earth unto next and a feathered tail, holding a fish on its
back or talons
WEAVING → head is profusely decorated with scroll,
→ method of textile production in which leaf, and spiral motifs
two distinct sets of yarns or threads are → symbol of good fortune
interlaced at right angles to form a fabric
cloth HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART
→ people from Cordillera are one of the SPOLARIUM
most famous artisans of weaving ★ large-scale academic painting
★ Lang Dulay garnered a gold medal and signified
→ traditional weaver who was a recipient of that the reformists could come at
the National Living Treasures Award par with their European
→ credited for preserving her people’s counterparts
tradition of waving T’nalak ★ Luna’s win signaled the start of the
★ T’nalak Filipno’s call for equality
→ dyed fabric made from refined abaca
fibre; weaving tradition of the T’boli people Triumvirate of Artists
of South Cotabato 1. Carlos “Botong” Francisco
→ traditional female weavers are known as 2. Galo B. Ocampo
dream weavers — inspired by their dreams 3. Victorio Edades
→ used to make ornaments that represent
their beliefs through symbols (e.g. frog =
fertility )
★ Eliza Chawi
→ oldest weaver of Kankanaey Cloth in the
Cordilleras
JOSE HONORATO LOZANO RETABLO
★ Filipino Asian Antiquities Artist born ★ Executed in 1617 as the main
in 1815 altarpiece of San Agustin Church in
★ Visual chronicler and ethnographic Manila
painter par excellence of life in the ★ Shows symmetry of Renaissance
Philippines in the second and third Architecture and the broken arch
quarters of the 19th century pediment in the upper part of the
★ Father of Letters and Figures influence of Mannerist Style
★ Mostly watercolors on Manila ★ Original gilded images of Saints
Paper; depict views of quotidian were stolen by the British in 1762,
Philippine life in 19th century and the North American soldiers in
★ Clear indication of east and west 1898
influence ★ some were donated by Enrique
Santamaria in 1971, others came
KUTKUT ART from the Agustinian Monastery of
★ Technique combining ancient Cebu
Oriental and European art process
★ “Lost art” and highly collectible art GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
form since very few known exists ★ Father of Philippine Arts
★ Practiced by the indigenous people ★ Bonifacio Monument — Filipinos cry
of Samar Island (1600’s to 1800’s) for freedom; located in intersection
of EDSA and Rizal Avenue
JUAN DE LOS SANTOS ★ Oblation in UP — academic freedom
★ Earliest known sculptor in the ★ Represent the National Artist
Philippines Awards for Sculpture in 1973
★ 17th century sacristan, sculptor and
silversmith BONIFACIO MONUMENT
★ Few of his extant works may be ★ November 30, 1933
found in the San Agustin Convent ★ Commemorates Philippine
Museum revolutionary Andres Bonifacio, the
★ One of his famous works is Retablo founder and Supremo of the
Katipunan

NAPOLEON ABUEVA
★ Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture
★ Helped shape the local sculpture
scene to what it is now
★ Youngest national artist awardee
★ Used almost all kinds of materials
FREDESVINDA JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
★ Included in the 1st ASEAN Sculpture ★ Painter, sculptor, political activist
symposium at Fort Canning Hill, at the Philippine Revolution during
Singapore the late 19th century
★ The Ship of ASEAN ★ One of the first recognized
★ Symbolizes ASEAN unity and philippine artists
cooperation ★ Gold medal in the 1984 Madrid
Expositional Fine Arts
ARCHITECTURE
→ based on vernacular architecture and FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1892-1972)
Islamic architecture in some coastal areas ★ One of the most important artist in
→ Ancient Filipinos lived in big settlements the history of philippine paintings
along sheltered bays, coastal areas, and ★ Portraitist and painter of rural
mouths of river Philippine landscapes
★ Craftsmanship and mastery in the
BAHAY KUBO use of light
★ Native house of the Philippines ★ National artist awardee
★ National shelter ★ Golden years (1920-1945)
★ three to four meters off the ground, ★ Received scholarship grant from
supported by bamboo or wood; four Enriquez Zobel in Madrid (1917)
walled with tukod windows ★ Exhibited 40 of his artworks in the
Art Center at NY World’s Fair – best
BAGUBO AND KALINGA popular vote
★ Made of wood, bamboo and palm ★ Director of the School of Fine Arts
leaves; had a ladder; a place under in UP
the houses to keep rice, chickens
and firewood VICENTE MANANSALA (1910-1981)
★ Protection from enemies and wild ★ Filipino cubist painter and illustrator
animals ★ member of the Cruz, Manansala,
Lopez family clan
FAMOUS PHILIPPINE ARTISTS ★ One of the 13 moderns — a group
of modernists associated with
FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO Edades
(1855-1913) ★ National Artist 1982
★ One of the greatest filipino painters
of the late 19th century CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO
★ Won a silver medal — “Christian (1912-1969)
Virgins Exposed to the Populace” ★ Mural artist; myths, tradition, and
at the Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts history
★ In 1984 Madrid Exposition , he set
up residence in Paris to serve a
quieter life
★ Painted Charon’s boat, Oedipus
and Antigone
MAURO MALANG SANTOS (1928) FELIPE PADILLA (1912-1992)
★ Cartoonist and illustrator ★ Composer, conductor, former
★ Ang Kiukok — images, warm colors student of Buenaventura at UP
and evocation of joyous ★ Assistant instructor at UP
parochialism Department of Science and
Composition — history and music
JOSE JOYA (1931-1995) ★ Technical assistant on cultural
★ Magna cum Laude at UP 1953 affairs in the Officer of the President
★ Fulbright Scholarship at ★ President of the Filipino Society of
Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1957 Composers, Authors, and Publishers
★ President of the Pambansang
FAMOUS PHILIPPINE COMPOSERS Samahan ng mga Banda sas
Pilipinas and the Diwa ng Nuweba
COL. ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA Esih
(1904-1996) ★ Trustee of the Music Promotion
★ Teacher’s diploma in Composition Foundation of the Philippines
and Conducting from UP ★ Director of the SONGFEST
★ Faculty member in UP Philippines and the Flin Institute of
Conservatory of Music the Philippines
★ Commissioned into the military
service and became music instructor ANTONIO MOLINA (1894-1980)
and band conductor of the PMA in ★ Faculty member in UP Conservatory
Baguio City of Music — harmony, compositions
★ Famous Constabulary and music history, violincello
★ Assistant conductor of Manila ★ Conductor in concert stage of
Symphony Orchestra various schools, churches, choirs,
★ Member of UP President’s orchestras, bands and rondallas
committee on Folk Songs and ★ zarzuela, ate maria, hatinggabi
Dances ★ member of the UP President’s
★ Composed short piano pieces, Committee on Filipino Folksongs
hymns and songs, theater music and Dances and Secretary of the
Conservatory of Music.
LUCRECIA R. KASILAG (1917-2008) ★ received honors as a conductor of
★ Music Teacher’s diploma major in the Monserrat Philharmonic Band,
Piano from St. Scholastica’s the Yellow Taxi Orchestra, and Yellow
University in 1949 Taxi Rondalla and the operas
★ Fulbright foundation scholarship Madame Butterfly, La Giaconda, La
grantee in Eastman School of Fuerza del Destino, and Cavalleria
Music degree, major in theory and Rusticana
minor in composition
★ Administrator of the cultural center
of the Philippines
LUCIO D. SAN PEDRO (1912-2002)
★ married to Gertudes Diaz and had 5
children.
★ During his graduation in Grade VII,
he played the Poet and Peasant
Overture on the banjo.
★ started composing songs in college
and conducted the UP ROTC Band.
★ was assistant conductor and later,
conductor of the Musical Philippines
Philharmoni Orchestra and a musical
presented at the Metropolitan
Theatre.
★ won many prizes for his works
★ was connected with major
conservatories in the country and
wrote sacred and secular vocal
music, overtures, tones, poems,
symphonic poems, and quartets.