DEFINITE INTEGRATION
1. Let f(x) be a function defined on [a, b]. If ∫ f ( x) dx = F(x), then F(b) – F(a) is called the definite
b
integral of f(x) over [a, b]. It is denoted by ∫ f ( x )dx . The real number a is called the lower limit
a
and the real number b is called the upper limit.
b
2. ∫ f ( x ) dx = F(x) + c ⇒ ∫ f ( x ) dx = F(x)]ba =F(b) – F(a)
a
b b
3. ∫
a
∫
f ( x ) dx = f ( t ) dt .
a
4. If f(x) is an integrable function on [a, b] and g(x) is derivable on [a, b] then
b g(b )
∫ (fog)( x) g' ( x)dx = ∫
a g( a )
f ( x )dx .
b a
5. ∫
a
∫
f ( x ) dx = − f ( x ) dx .
b
b c b
6. If a < c < b, then ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx .
a a c
a a
7. ∫
0
∫
f ( x ) dx = f (a − x ) dx .
0
b b
8. ∫
a
∫
f ( x ) dx = f (a + b − x ) dx .
a
a a
9. ∫
−a
∫
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx,
0
if f(x) is an even function;
= 0, if f(x) is an odd function.
2a a
10. ∫0
∫
f ( x ) dx = 2 f ( x ) dx ,
0
if f(2a – x) = f(x).= 0 if f(2a – x) = –f(x)
a a/2
11. ∫
0
f ( x ) dx = 2 ∫ f ( x) dx
0
, if f(a – x) = f(x)= 0, if f(a – x) = –f(x)
na a
12. If f(x) is a periodic function with period ‘a’ then ∫
0
∫
f ( x ) dx = n f ( x ) dx .
0
π/2 π/2
f (sin x ) f (cos x ) π
13. ∫
0
f (sin x ) + f (cos x )
dx = ∫
0
f (sin x ) + f (cos x )
dx =
4
.
π/2 π/2
f (tan x ) f (cot x ) π
14. ∫
0
f (tan x ) + f (cot x )
dx = ∫
0
f (tan x ) + f (cot x )
dx = .
4
Definite Integration
π/2 π/2
f (sec x ) f (cos ecx ) π
15. ∫
0
f (sec x ) + f (cos ecx )
dx = ∫0
f (sec x ) + f (cos ecx )
dx =
4
.
π/2
n −1
∫ sin
n
16. If In = x dx then In = In–2.
n
0
π/2
n −1 n − 3 n − 5 1 π n −1 n − 3 n − 5 2
∴ ∫ sinn x dx = ⋅ ⋅ .... ⋅ if n is even = . . .... .1 if n is odd
n n−2 n−4 2 2 n n−2 n−4 3
0
π/2
n −1
17. If In = ∫ cosn x dx then In = In–2.
n
0
π/2 π/2
∫ sinn x dx = ∫ cos
n
18. x dx
0 0
π/4
1 1 1 1 1
∫ tan − + −
n
19. If In = x dx then In + In–2 = and hence In = ...... I0 or I1
n −1 n −1 n − 3 n − 5 n − 7
0
π 1
according as n is even or odd. Here I0 = , I1 = log 2 .
4 2
π/4
( 2 )n − 2 n − 2
20. If In = ∫
0
sec n x dx then In =
n −1
+
n −1
In–2.
π/2
m −1
∫ sin
m
21. If Im,n = x cosn x dx then Im,n = Im–2,n.
m+n
0
(m − n) (m − 3) (m − 5) 1
∴Ιm, n= . . .... . , if n is odd
(m + n) (m + n − 2) (m + n − 4) n + 1
1/ 2
(m − n) (m − 3) (m − 5)
= . .
(m + n) (m + n − 2) (m + n − 4) ∫
.... cos n x. , if n is even
0
π/2
n −1
∫ sin
m
22. If Im,n = x cosn x dx then Im,n = Im,n–2.
m+n
0
a ∞ a
1 π 1 π πa 2
23. i) ∫
0 a2 − x 2
dx = ; ii)
2 ∫
0
x +a
2 2
dx =
2a
iii) ∫
0
a 2 − x 2 dx =
4
π ⎧0, if m, n are different
24. i) sin mx sin nx dx = ⎪⎨
∫ positive integers
⎪π/2, if m = n
0
⎩
π ⎧0, if m, n are different
ii) cos mx cos nx dx = ⎪⎨
∫ positive integers
⎪π/2, if m = n
0
⎩
π ⎧0, if m ≠ n and m + n is odd
iii) ∫ sin mx cos nx dx = ⎪⎨ 2m
⎪ 2 , if m = n
0 ⎩m + n2
Definite Integration
∞ ∞
a b
25. i) ∫ e −ax cos bx dx = ii) ∫ e − ax sin bx dx =
0
a +b2 2
0
a2 + b2
π/2 π/2
π
26. ∫ log sin x dx = ∫ log cos x dx = − 2 log 2 .
0 0
π/2 π/2
n −1 n − 3 n − 5 1 π
∫ sin x dx = ∫ cos
n n
27. In = x dx If n is even then In = . . .... .
n n−2 n−4 2 2
0 0
n −1 n − 3 n − 5 2
If n is odd, then In = . . .... .1
n n−2 n−4 3
π/2
m −1 m − 3 2 1
∫ sin
m
28. Im,n = x cosn x dx , If m is odd, then Im,n= . ... .
m +n m +n − 2 n + 3 n +1
0
n −1 n−3 2 1
If n is odd, then Im,n= . ... .
m +n m + n − 2 m + 3 m +1
m −1 m − 3 1 n −1 1 π
If m is even and n is even then Im,n = . ... . ... . .
m+n m+n−2 n+2 n 2 2
π/4
1
∫ [tan x + tann − 2 x ] dx =
n
29.
n −1
0
π/2
1
∫ [cot x + cot n − 2 x ] dx =
n
30.
n −1
π/4
π/2
dx 2 a−b
31. If a > b > 0, then ∫ 0
a + b cos x
=
a −b
2 2
tan −1
a+b
π/2
dx 1 b+a + b−a
32. If 0 < a < b, then ∫ 0
a + b cos x
=
b −a
2 2
log
b+a − b−a
π/2
dx 2 a−b
33. If a > b > 0, then ∫
0
a + b sin x
=
a −b
2 2
tan −1
a+b
π/2
dx 1 b+a + b−a
34. If 0 < a < b, then ∫
0
a + b sin x
=
b2 − a2
log
b+a − b−a