Module 14 Study Guide

Health Education Part 1

These notes will help you prepare for quizzes and exams.

Lesson 1: Violence—Its Effects and You

Terrorism and Other Attacks
1. What is the definition of terrorism? (1 sentence)
terrorism is “the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence [especially against
civilians or noncombatants] as a means to create terror or fear, to achieve a political,
religious, or ideological aim.”
2. How can you prepare to react effectively to a violent incident? (4-
item list)
Run: Get to a safe place.
Hide: If you can’t run, find a place to hide. Turn your phone to silent.
Tell: Call the police when it’s safe.
Exit: Leave when it’s safe, and don’t appear threatening to others.
3. What five actions should you take during an active shooter incident?
Try to get out without crossing paths with the attacker.
If you can’t get out, find a safe place to hide and spread out.
Be quiet and silence your phone.
If you must, confront the attacker to stop them.
When police arrive, follow their instructions and show your hands so they
know you aren't an attacker.

Bullying
4. Describe the behaviors of verbal, social, and physical bullying.
Verbal Bullying Verbal bullying is saying or writing
mean things. Verbal bullying
includes:

Teasing
Name-calling
Inappropriate sexual comments
Taunting
Threatening to cause harm
Social Bullying Social bullying, sometimes referred
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Health Education Part 1

to as relational bullying, involves

hurting someone’s reputation or
relationships. Social bullying
includes:

Leaving someone out on purpose

Telling other [people] not to be
friends with someone
Spreading rumors about someone
Embarrassing someone in public
Physical Bullying Physical bullying involves hurting a
person’s body or possessions.
Physical bullying includes:

Hitting/kicking/pinching
Spitting
Tripping/pushing
Taking or breaking someone's things
Making mean or rude hand
gestures"
5. Where can bullying happen and how common is it? (1–2 sentences)
Bullying can happen anywhere—school, park, bus, neighborhood, social
media, or home. It’s common. About 20% of high school students reported
being bullied at school,1 and cyberbullying affected 22% of girls and 10%
of boys.
6. How can bullying affect the people targeted? (5-item list)
feel sad, scared, anxious, and lonely
get depressed, lose sleep, stop eating (or eat more), and give up activities
they used to like
have stomachaches, headaches, and other symptoms
skip school, get lower grades, and have trouble concentrating
harm themselves or, in worst cases, commit suicide
7. What other four behaviors do bullies often have?
drink, do drugs, and smoke
fight, vandalize, and commit crimes
have risky sexual relationships
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Health Education Part 1

abuse family members and later partners or children

8. What can bullies, targets, and bystanders do about bullying? (Write a
short list for each.)

Bullies stop! Check your behavior. Spreading nasty messages or picking on

others doesn’t make you look cool. Treat people with respect to earn
their respect.
Targets Stay calm. Bullies want a big reaction. Don’t give them that.
Tell them to stop. Be calm and confident. Say, “Leave me
alone,” and don’t respond further.
Laugh it off. They’re picking on you because they’re insecure.
Shrug it off.
Walk away or click away. Leave the situation, whether
physical or online.
Avoid them. Don’t go where they hang out or follow their
feeds.
Buddy up. Hang out with friends for support.
Tell an adult. You're not weak when you get help, especially if
you feel sick, alone, or depressed.
Bystander Don’t join in, watch, or laugh. This encourages the bully.
s Help remove attention from the target. Speak up or change
the subject.
Help the target get away. Break the onlooker circle.
Be supportive of excluded or isolated people. Be a friendly
face.
Tell an adult. The bully and the target both need help.

Gangs
9. What methods do gangs use to create fear and control territory? (1–2
sentences)
They use intimidation, bullying, physical violence, and murder to create
fear and control territory.
10. What can you do if you feel pressured to join a gang? (1–2
sentences)
Avoid joining gangs in the first place. If you’re thinking about joining or being
recruited, talk to a trusted adult. Schools have social workers, counselors, and
teachers who can help.
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Health Education Part 1

Lesson 2: Sexual Violence

Sex-Related Violence
11. What are the five key facts to be aware of about sexual abuse
and violence?
High numbers of teens are affected: About 1.8 million teens in the U.S. have been sexually
assaulted.
Gender differences: 1 in 6 boys and 1 in 4 girls are sexually abused before they turn 18; girls
are more often victims—82% of juvenile victims are female.
High-risk ages: Over one-third of sexual assaults happen to people aged 12–17, and teens aged
16–19 are 3.5 times more likely to experience rape or sexual assault than other age groups.
Where it happens: About two-thirds of teen sexual assaults happen at the victim’s or the
offender’s home.
Dating violence: About 1 in 5 female high school students report being abused by a dating
partner.
12. According to the US Department of Justice, who are the targets
for online predators, and how do predators lure them in? (2–3
sentences)
Predators target vulnerable youths, including those with abuse histories or
who post provocative photos.
About half of the predators offered gifts or money.
Three-quarters of first encounters with predators happened in chat rooms.
Few predators pretended to be the same age as their victims.
Most victims met predators willingly, and most of these meetings included
sexual contact.
13. What are the types and consequences of sexual violence and
abuse? (3 types, short list each)

Physical injuries, chronic pain, STIs, and other infections

Psychologica fear, anxiety, shame, guilt, loss of trust, depression, PTSD,
l substance abuse, and suicide
Social stress on relationships, isolation, lower chance of marriage,
increased victimization, and criminal behavior
14. What is the age of consent in the United States?
16. In some states, it is 17 or 18
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Sexual Assault
15. How is sexual violence defined, and what is statutory rape? (2
sentences)

Sexual violence is defined as a sexual act committed against

someone without that person’s freely given consent.1 Minors
cannot legally give consent, so any sexual act with a minor
is considered sexual assault and statutory rape.
16. What is consent? How does it work? (2–3 sentences)
Consent means saying yes to something. If you don’t say yes, no one has the right to
do anything sexual to you—ever—even if they know you or you’ve said yes before.
This is true for everyone, regardless of gender or age.
17. Is sexual assault the fault of the person who is assaulted? (1
sentence)
Being assaulted is not your fault. The attacker is to blame.

18. Are strangers the most likely sexual assailants? (1 sentence)

Most sexual assaults are committed by someone the victim knows. Two-thirds of
female rape victims aged 18–29 knew their attacker,2 and 93 percent of child victims
knew theirs. For these child victims, 59 percent of perpetrators were acquaintances
(not family members or strangers).
19. What are seven strategies to reduce the possibility of assault?
Avoid places where bad things are likely to happen.
Don’t take alcohol or drugs; they impair judgment.
Be alert and trust your feelings. Leave if you feel uncomfortable.
Be clear and firm if someone is making you uncomfortable.4
Keep your food and drink under your control at parties. Never leave them
unattended.
Use the buddy system. Go home with the same people you came with.
Be loud and assertive if necessary. Yell “No!” and get away.
20. According to the videos, what can bystanders do to help? (2–4
sentences)
Bystanders can help too. If you see someone in trouble, step in and help. Bystanders
in this video take a subtle approach.
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21. What are ten rules used to avoid dangerous situations with
people you don’t know?
Avoid accepting rides from strangers.
Don’t walk alone in poorly lit or isolated areas.
Avoid ambush spots like doorways and alleys.
Be alert to your surroundings.
Walk confidently.
Take self-defense courses.
Carry pepper spray.
Park in well-lit areas.
Have your keys ready and check your car before getting in.
Go to populated areas and ask for help if you are followed.
22. What should you do to help others feel safe? (5 tips)
Don’t approach someone who is alone unless it’s an emergency.
Give people space, especially at night. Cross the street or wait a few
minutes to avoid following them.
Pay attention to body language. If someone seems uneasy, give them
space.

Sex Trafficking
23. What is human trafficking? (1 sentence)

Human trafficking is "the recruitment, harboring, transportation,

provision, obtaining," patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the
purposes of a commercial sex act, "in which the commercial sex act
is induced by force, fraud, or coercion or in which the person
induced to perform such an act has not attained eighteen years of
age."1
24. Who do traffickers often target? (1 sentence)
Traffickers often target young, desperate individuals like runaways or illegal
immigrants. Victims suffer physical and psychological abuse and are often referred to
as modern-day slaves.
25. What are ten common behaviors of traffickers?
jealousy, controlling, and violent
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Health Education Part 1

much older than their victims

promise things that seem too good to be true
encourage illegal activities
buy expensive gifts
vague about their job
pushy about sex
encourage inappropriate sexual behavior
make victims feel responsible for their financial stability
very open about money
26. What are twelve warning signs that an individual is being
trafficked?
physical abuse (burns, bruises, cuts)
unexplained absences from class
dressing less appropriately
sexualized behavior
being overly tired in class
being withdrawn, depressed, or distracted
bragging about money
displaying expensive clothes or accessories
new tattoos (Tattoos are often used to brand victims. They could be
names, money symbols, barcodes, etc.)
older boyfriend or girlfriend or new friends with a different lifestyle
talking about wild parties or inviting others to parties
showing signs of gang affiliation (specific colors, gang symbols)

Emilio is walking through the halls at school when he notices a crowd of

students gathering around something at the end of the hall. When he goes to
check it out, he sees a bigger kid laughing and pushing around a smaller kid.
How should Emilio not respond to the situation?
– stand watching but not join in
(walk away is ok)

Verbal bullying includes which of the following?

– making sexual comments.
(spread rumor is social bully)
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Gang–tell an adult

Which act combats trafficking in persons, especially into the sex trade,
slavery, and involuntary servitude?
The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act