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COM IFR Quick-Review Study Guide - Airplane

IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS DIVERSE DEPARTURE PROCEDURES

No T/O minimums mandated for Part 91 operations. For ■ When an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) is
Part 121, 125, 129, 135: developed for an airport, each runway is assessed for
■ Prescribed T/O minimums for the runway, or, if none: departure obstacle clearance.
■ 1-2 engines airplanes: 1 SM visibility (5000 RVR) ■ This assessment ensures an aircraft can climb
■ More than 2 engines: ½ SM visibility (2400 RVR) and turn in any direction from a runway while
maintaining proper obstacle clearance.
Non-Standard TO minimums / Departure Procedures.
All departures are initially assessed using a 40:1
Non-Standard IFR alternate minimums exist. (~152 FPNM) Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS).
The standard required climb gradient is 200 FPNM,
Alternate minimums not authorized due to which provides 48 FPNM clearance over the 40:1
NA unmonitored facility or the absence of weather reporting OCS.
service.
The Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) expands
§91.175 along the departure route until reaching 1,000 ft
DEPARTURE PROCEDURES (DP) (non-mountainous areas) or 2,000 ft (mountainous)
The assessment area is limited to 25 NM (non-
AIM 5-2-9 mountainous areas) or 46 NM (mountainous) from
■ DPs ensure obstacle clearance, provided the aircraft: the departure airport.
crossed the departure end of the runway at least 35 Pilots are responsible for obstacle clearance beyond
ft AGL, this distance when not operating on a published
reaches 400 ft AGL before turning, and route, or when flying below the MEA, MOCA, or ATC
climbs at least 200 Feet per NM (FPNM), or as assigned altitude.
published on the chart. ■ If a runway fails to meet the diverse departure
□ To convert FPNM to Feet-Per-Minute: criteria, an Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) is
developed.
FPM = FPNM X Groundspeed / 60
When departing with no ODP published (diverse
■ Pilots are encouraged to file and fly a DP at night, during departure criteria is met), pilots must:
marginal VMC or in IMC. ■ Cross the Departure End of the Runway (DER) at
least 35 feet above DER elevation
■ Two types of DP
■ Climb to 400 feet above DER elevation before
Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) making any turns
□ Provides obstacle clearance only. ■ Continue climbing until reaching the minimum
□ Printed either textually or graphically. IFR altitude.
□ Graphic ODPs are titled “(OBSTACLE).”
Standard Instrument Departure (SID) DIVERSE VECTOR AREA
□ Provide obstacle clearance and reduces pilot/ ■ At some locations with an ODP, Diverse Vector Areas
controller workload by simplifying ATC clearances (DVA) are available to allow radar vectors in lieu of the
and minimizing radio communications. pilot flying the ODP.
□ May include special radio failure procedures. ■ A DVA allows ATC to vector aircraft below the
□ SIDs are always published graphically. Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) or Minimum IFR
Altitude (MIA) immediately after takeoff while still
■ DPs are also categorized by required equipment: meeting obstacle clearance requirements.
Non-RNAV DP ■ DVA information is found in the “Take-Off Minimums
□ Uses ground-based navigation (e.g., VOR, DME, and (Obstacle) Departure Procedures” section of the
NDB). TPP. It includes a statement that initial headings are
RNAV DP provided by ATC and any applicable climb gradients.
□ Require at least RNAV 1 performance.
□ Identified with the word “RNAV” in the title. CLIMB OVER AIRPORT (VCOA)
RADAR DP ■ A departure option for IFR aircraft in VMC.
□ Uses ATC radar vectors to a route, NAVAID, or fix after ■ The pilot visually conducts climbing turns over the
departure. airport up to the published "climb to" altitude, from
□ Annotated “RADAR REQUIRED.” which he proceeds to the instrument portion of the
■ You are not required to accept a SID. To avoid it, state departure.
“NO SIDs” in the flight plan’s remarks section. ■ Designed to avoid obstacles beyond 3 SM from the
departure end of the runway (DER), as an alternative to
■ Transition routes connect the end of the basic SID complying with climb gradients greater than the
procedure to the enroute structure. standard 200 FPNM.
■ DPs are published in the “Take-Off Minimums and ■ Advise ATC as early as possible prior to departure of
(Obstacle) Departure Procedures” section of the Terminal the intent to fly a VCOA.
Procedure Publication (TPP) ■ Published in the “Take-Off Minimums and (Obstacle)
Departure Procedures” section of the TPP.
■ May appear as an option on graphic ODPs

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