EXAMPLE 2
Wind Loads on Tall Building
Table 1: Detail of structural description of the building when modeling
Height of building 30m
Number of stories 10
Story height 3m
Building usage Residential
Strength of concrete 30N/mm2
Strength of reinforcement 460N/mm2
Live load on typical level 1.5kN/m2
Weight of brick wall 3kN/m (length)/m (height)
Finishes 1.2kN/m2
Structure of system Shear wall and frame
Dimension of structure Length= 60.96m, Width= 26.822m, Height=30m
The building has been modified by omitting the existing secondary beam and
changing the existing staircases to a life core. Figure 2 shows the existing and
modified key plan of the building.
2
,. n ,. t
-
n -
,. ,Li
-
I, I • I ' ' ,1, ,.
QHf= till$lfl 26.822m
,, ' ,. ,. 7
rr
I I l 71 7 I
u u
,. ,.
lU
I I
- - -- -�
60.96m --------------j
(a) Existing
1L 11 11 TT
- - - -
I�
I I
I 11 I II I ' I
I I I I 26.822m
,, ,, '
..
I I I I I
l- -l -l -I -I -I ·-r·
11
Ir
60.96m ----------------1
(b) Modified
Figure 2: (a) Existing and (b) Modified key plan of the building
3
- -
11 lI
- -
l1 I
I ■ I I I
I I I 26.822m
I I I I I I I
l- -I l- l- I
I I
I I
r - - �
1--------------- 60.96m ----------------1
Figure above is the modified key plan for the building.
a
b
These are (a)side view XY of the building, (b)side view ZY of the building, (c)plan
view of the building and (d) isometric view of the building during the process of
modeling by using STAAD III.
4
f------------=- -
- ---l
-
Wind load calculation
Reference: MS1553 : 2002
Reference Calculation Result
Height= 30m
2.0 Calculation of wind action
2.2 Site wind speed, Y s it
Vsit = Vs (Md) (Mz,cat) (Ms) (Mh)
Figure 3.1 Vs = 32.5 mis (Zone II) Vs = 32.5 mis
2.2 Md = 1 Md = 1
Site exposure multipliers, Mz,cat
Table 4.1 Mz,cat = 0.80 (Terrain category4, height 30m) Mz,cat = 0.80
4.3 Shielding multiplier, M s
Ms= 1 (no building provide shielding) M s= l
4.4 Hill shape multipliers, Mh
Mh = 1
Vsit = Vs (Md) (Mz,cat) (Ms) (Mh) Ys it = 26m/s
= 32.5 X 1 X 0.8 X 1 X 1
= 26m/s
2.3 Design wind speed, Vdes
Vdes = Vsit XI
Table 3.2 Importance factor, I
I = 1.15 (CategoryIII) I = 1.15
Vdes = Vsit XI Vdes = 29.9m/s
= 26 X 1.15
= 29.9m/s
5
-
I-------� - -
----,
Wind load calculation
Reference: MS1553 : 2002 / 2013
Reference Calculation
2.4 Design wind pressure
2.4.1 P = ( 0.5 Pair)[ Vdes )2 Cfig Cdyn
3
Pair = 1.200 kg/m
0.5pair = 0.6 kg/m3
Section 5 Aerodynamic shape factor, Cfig
5.2 a) Enclosed building
Cfig = Cp.eKaKcK1Kp for external pressure
Cr.g = C p.i°Kc for internal pressure
5.4.1
Table 5.2(a) External pressure coefficients, Cp e C p e = 0.8
For windward wall
Cp e = 0.8 (h>25.0m)
5.4.2 Area reduction factor, Ka
For windward wall Ka = I
Ka= I
5.4.3 Combination factor, Kc Kc= I
Kc= I (All other cases)
5.4.4 Local pressure factors, K1
K1 = I
Porous cladding reduction factor, Kp
Kp = 1 (No porous cladding)
Cr,g = C p.eKaKcK1Kp for external pressure Cfig = 0.8 (external
=
0.8 x I x 1 x 1 x I pressure)
= 0.8
5.3 Internal pressure coefficients, Cpi
Cp i = -0.3 (All walls equally permeable or C p i = -0.3
openings of equal area on all walls)
6
Wind load calculation Reference:
MS1553 : 2002 / 2013
Reference Calculation Result
5.4.3 Combination factor, Kc Kc= 1
Kc= I (All other cases)
Cfig = [Link] for internal pressure Cfig = -0.3 (internal
=-0.3 x I pressure)
=-0.3
Section 6 Dynamic response factor, Cctyn
Rules of Period, T =number of stories/ I 0
thumb =10/10
=1
Frequency, f =1/T
=1/1
= I Hertz
6.1 Cctyn = I (f = !Hertz)
For external pressure
2.4.1 Pe = ( 0.5 Pair)[ Vdes ] 2 Cfig Cdyn Pe = 0.429 kN/m2
=0.6 x 29.92 x 0.8 x I
=429 N/m2
=0.429 kN/m2
For internal pressure
Pi = ( 0.5 Pair )[ Vdes ) Cfig Cdyn Pi = -0.161 kN/m2
2
=0.6 x 29.92 x (-0.3) x I
=-161 N/m2
=-0.161 kN/m2
7
Wind load calculation Reference:
MS1553 : 2002 / 2013
Reference Calculation Result
0.429
0.161
.
0.590
2.5.2 Design wind pressure, Pz
Pz = Pe-Pi
= 0.429 - (-0.161)
= 0.59 kN/m2 Pz = 0.59 kN/m2
2.4.2 Pz shall not be less than 0.65 kN/m2 , thus
Pz = 0.65 kN/m2 Pz = 0.65 kN/m2