 it’s up to you /ɪts ʌp tə juː/ (phr) – tùy bạn

Example: It’s up to you to decide where we go.

 stay + adj /steɪ/ (v phr) – vẫn ở trạng thái nào đó
Example: Please stay calm during the exam.
 spend on sth /spend ɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (phr) – chi tiền cho việc gì
Example: She spends a lot of money on clothes.
 ages /ˈeɪdʒɪz/ (n) – rất lâu, lâu lắm rồi
Example: I haven’t seen him for ages.
 reasonable /ˈriːznəbl/ (adj) – hợp lý
Example: The price is very reasonable.
 method /ˈmeθəd/ (n) – phương pháp
Example: This method helps students learn faster.
 experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ (n) – trải nghiệm / kinh nghiệm
Example: Working abroad was a great experience.
 incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ (adj) – đáng kinh ngạc
Example: She has an incredible voice.
 it’s worth + V-ing /ɪts wɜːθ/ (expr) – đáng để làm gì
Example: It’s worth visiting this museum.
 be in charge of /biː ɪn tʃɑːdʒ əv/ (v phr) – chịu trách nhiệm
về
Example: He is in charge of the project.
 firefighting /ˈfaɪəfaɪtɪŋ/ (n) – công tác chữa cháy
Example: Firefighting is a dangerous job.
 lab coat /ˈlæb kəʊt/ (n) – áo blouse / áo choàng phòng thí
nghiệm
Example: Students must wear a lab coat in the laboratory.
 in advance /ɪn ədˈvɑːns/ (adv) – trước (thời gian)
Example: You should book tickets in advance.
 suppose /səˈpəʊz/ (v) – cho rằng, giả sử
Example: I suppose he’ll arrive soon.
Grammar Point: Quantifiers (Từ chỉ số lượng)
1. Countable Nouns (Danh từ đếm được)
Dùng với danh từ có thể đếm được.
Quantifier Meaning Example
There are many students in
many nhiều
the class.
một vài (đủ dùng, tích
a few I have a few close friends.
cực)
rất ít (không đủ, tiêu Few people understood the
few
cực) lesson.
Quantifier Meaning Example
a number A number of books were
một số
of missing.
Several students joined the
several vài
club.
There are too many cars
too many quá nhiều
here.
We need fewer mistakes in
fewer ít hơn
the test.

2. Uncountable Nouns (Danh từ không đếm được)

Dùng với danh từ không thể đếm riêng lẻ.
Quantifier Meaning Example
 Quantifier Meaning Example
much nhiều We don’t have much time.
một ít (đủ
a little There is a little milk left.
dùng)
rất ít (không
little Little information was provided.
đủ)
an amount A large amount of money was
một lượng
of spent.
too much quá nhiều He drinks too much coffee.
less ít hơn You should eat less sugar.

3. Both Countable & Uncountable

Dùng được cho cả hai loại danh từ.
 Example with Example with
Quantifier
Countable Uncountable
a lot of / lots
a lot of students a lot of water
of
some some books some rice
any any questions any advice
enough enough chairs enough food
most of most of the students most of the information

Important Difference
Few vs A Few
 few = gần như không có → nghĩa tiêu cực
 a few = có một ít → nghĩa tích cực
Example:
 Few students passed the exam.
→ Rất ít học sinh đậu.
 A few students passed the exam.
→ Có một vài học sinh đậu.

Little vs A Little
 little = gần như không có
 a little = có một ít
Example:
 We have little time left.
→ Hầu như không còn thời gian.
  We have a little time left.
→ Vẫn còn một ít thời gian.

Practice
1. There isn’t ______ water in the bottle.
→ much
2. She has ______ close friends at school, so she feels
lonely.
→ few
3. We still have ______ sugar, so we can make tea.
→ a little
4. ______ students in my class enjoy English lessons.
→ Many
5. I bought ______ books yesterday.
→ a few
6. There is too ______ noise in this room.
→ much
7. Only ______ people attended the meeting.
→ a few / few (tuỳ nghĩa)
8. He made ______ mistakes than before.
→ fewer
9. We need ______ information before making a decision.
→ more
10. ______ of the homework has been completed.
-> → Most
Grammar Point: Passive Voice (Reduced Relative
Clause)
1. Structure
Full Form
Noun + who / which / that + be + V3/ed
Example:
 The bridge that was built in 1900 is famous.
Reduced Form
Noun + V3/ed
Example:
 The bridge built in 1900 is famous.
2. When do we use it?
Dùng để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bị động nhằm làm câu ngắn
gọn hơn.
✔ Có thể rút gọn khi:
 có which / that
 động từ ở dạng bị động (be + V3/ed)

3. Formula
Full Relative Clause Reduced Form
 Full Relative Clause Reduced Form
which/that + is/are + V3 V3
which/that + was/were + V3 V3

Example:
 The books that are written in English
→ The books written in English
 The car which was damaged yesterday
→ The car damaged yesterday
Practice – Answers
1.
Full:
 The paintings that are shown in the museum are valuable.
Reduced:
 The paintings shown in the museum are valuable.

2.
Full:
 The cars which were produced in Germany are expensive.
Reduced:
 The cars produced in Germany are expensive.

3.
Full:
 The documents that are kept in this office are confidential.
Reduced:
 The documents kept in this office are confidential.
4.
Full:
  The house that was built near the river was destroyed in the
flood.
Reduced:
 The house built near the river was destroyed in the flood.

Notes
❌Không dùng cho câu chủ động.
Example:
 The boy who plays football
→ KHÔNG viết: The boy played football
✔ Chủ động phải dùng:
 The boy playing football

Extra Examples
Full Sentence Reduced Form
The food that was prepared by The food prepared by my
my mom is delicious. mom is delicious.
The letters which were sent The letters sent yesterday
yesterday arrived today. arrived today.
The movie that was directed by The movie directed by Nolan
 Full Sentence Reduced Form
Nolan became famous. became famous.