MCL-142 TUTORIAL 1
Q1. A school is paying ₹10.32 per kWh for electric power. To reduce its power
bill, the school installs a wind turbine with a rated power of 30 kW. If the turbine
operates 2200 hours per year at the rated power, determine the amount of electric
power generated by the wind turbine and the money saved by the school per year.
[Ans: 66,000 kWh, ₹681,120]
Q2. A 4-kW resistance heater in a water heater runs for 3 hours to raise the water
temperature to the desired level. Determine the amount of electric energy used.
[Ans: 43.2 MJ]
Q3. A well-insulated electric oven is being heated through its heating element. If
the entire oven, including the heating element, is taken to be the system,
determine whether this is a heat or work interaction. Answer the question if the
system is taken as only the air in the oven without the heating element.
Q4. A fan that consumes 20 W of electric power when operating is claimed to
discharge air from a ventilated room at a rate of 0.25 kg/s at a discharge velocity
of 8 m/s. Determine if this claim is reasonable. [Ans: 12.64 m/s, True]
Q5. A 500-W electric space heater with a small fan inside heats air by blowing it
over a hot electrical wire. For each control volume—(a) wire only, (b) all the
room air, and (c) total room air plus the heater—specify the storage, work, and
heat transfer terms as +500 W or -500 W or 0 (neglect any heat transfer through
the room walls or windows).
Q6.A steel pot, with conductivity of 50 W/m K and a 5-mm-thick bottom, is filled
with 15◦C liquid water. The pot has a diameter of 20 cm and is now placed on an
electric stove that delivers 500 W as heat transfer. Find the temperature on the
outer pot bottom surface, assuming the inner surface is at 15◦C. [Ans: 16.6 ℃]
[Link] heaters in a spacecraft suddenly fail. Heat is lost by radiation at the rate
of 100 kJ/h, and the electric instruments generate 75 kJ/h. Initially, the air is at
100 kPa and 25◦C with a volume of 10 m3. How long will it take to reach an air
temperature of -20◦C? [Ans: 15.1 hrs]
Q8. A "bomb calorimeter," a closed, rigid vessel, will be used to measure the
energy released by a certain chemical reaction. This calorimeter initially contains
the appropriate chemicals and is located in a large tank of water. When the
chemicals react, heat is transferred from the bomb to the water, causing its
temperature to rise. The electric power input to a stirrer used to circulate the water
is 0.05 kW. During a 25-minute period, the heat transfer from the bomb to the
water is 1400 kJ and the heat transfer from the water tank to the surrounding air
is 70 kJ. Assuming that no water evaporates, what is the increase in the internal
energy of the water during this period of time? [Ans: 1405 kJ]
Q9. A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.5 m3 of nitrogen gas at 400
kPa and 27°C. An electric heater within the device is turned on and is allowed to
pass a current of 2 A for 5 min from a 120-V source. Determine the final
temperature of nitrogen for the following two cases. 𝐶 = 0.742
kJ/kg.k, 𝐶 = 1.039 kJ/kg.k, R=0.297 kJ/kg.k
(a) Nitrogen expands at constant pressure, and a heat loss of 2800 J occurs
during the process. [Ans: 56.7 ℃]
(b) Nitrogen at constant volume [Ans: 68.54 ℃]
Q10. A fluid, contained in a horizontal cylinder fitted with a frictionless leak
proof piston, is continuously agitated by means of a stirrer passing through the
cylinder cover. The cylinder diameter is 0.40 m. During the stirring process
lasting 10 minutes, the piston slowly moves out a distance of 0.485 m against the
atmosphere. The net work done by the fluid during the process is 2 kJ. The speed
of the electric motor driving the stirrer is 840 rpm. Determine the torque in the
shaft and the power output of the motor. [Ans: 0.08mN, 6.92 W ]
Q11. A 4-m x 5-m x 6-m is to be heated by a base-board resistance heater. It is
desired that the resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room
from 7°C to 23°C within 15 min. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an
atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, determine the required power of the resistance
heater. Assume constant specific heats at room [Link] cv = 0.718
kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K. [Ans: 1.906 kW]
Q12. A 1500-W electric kettle is used to boil 1.5 kg of water initially at 25°C.
The kettle is 85% efficient, meaning only 85% of the electrical energy is
converted into heat energy to heat the water. How much time will it take to bring
the water to its boiling point (100°C)? Assume the specific heat capacity of water
is 4186 J/kg·°C and ignore heat loss to the surroundings. [Ans: 267.1 sec]
Q13. A 1200-W electric heater is used to warm a 10 m³ room. The air in the room
is initially at 10°C, and the heater operates with 90% efficiency. How long will it
take to raise the room temperature to 20°C? Assume: Air has a specific heat
capacity of c=1005 J/kg°C, Air density ρ=1.225kg/m³. The room is perfectly
insulated (no heat loss). [Ans: 92.33 sec]