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Normalization 01

Normalization is the process of structuring a relational database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity by organizing data into normal forms. It offers benefits such as eliminating redundancy, improving data integrity, easier maintenance, better query performance, preventing anomalies, and providing a scalable structure. The document outlines various normal forms including UNF, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF.

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AmirImam
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3 views3 pages

Normalization 01

Normalization is the process of structuring a relational database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity by organizing data into normal forms. It offers benefits such as eliminating redundancy, improving data integrity, easier maintenance, better query performance, preventing anomalies, and providing a scalable structure. The document outlines various normal forms including UNF, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF.

Uploaded by

AmirImam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NORMALIZATION

Organizing data to reduce redundancy & improve integrity

What is Normalization?
Benefits
Problems without Normalization
Unnormalized Table (UNF)
1NF – First Normal Form
2NF – Second Normal Form
3NF – Third Normal Form
BCNF – Boyce-Codd Normal Form
What is Normalization?

"Normalization is the process of structuring a relational database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity by
organizing columns and tables according to normal forms."

Invented By Core Idea How It Works

Edgar F. Codd introduced normalization Each piece of data should be stored in Data is split into smaller, well-structured
alongside the relational model in 1970. exactly ONE place — no repetition. tables linked by keys and relationships.

UNF 1NF 2NF 3NF BCNF 4NF 5NF


← forms covered in this deck →
Benefits of Normalization

01 Eliminates Redundancy
02 Improves Data Integrity

Same data is not stored in multiple places, saving storage Constraints and relationships ensure data stays accurate
and avoiding inconsistency. and consistent across tables.

03 Easier Maintenance
04 Better Query Performance

Updating one record reflects everywhere — no risk of Smaller, focused tables allow the query optimizer to work
partial updates leaving stale data. more efficiently.

05 Prevents Anomalies
06 Scalable Structure

Stops insert, update, and delete anomalies that silently Clean schemas scale better as data volume and
corrupt data over time. complexity grow over time.

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