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EM Module 01

This document outlines the objectives related to ecology, environmental management, and sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of understanding ecological relationships and environmental issues in India. It discusses various components of ecosystems, the significance of environmental management in preventing ecological disasters, and the need for sustainable practices. Additionally, it highlights career opportunities in environmental management and the role of energy sources in sustainable development.

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5 views25 pages

EM Module 01

This document outlines the objectives related to ecology, environmental management, and sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of understanding ecological relationships and environmental issues in India. It discusses various components of ecosystems, the significance of environmental management in preventing ecological disasters, and the need for sustainable practices. Additionally, it highlights career opportunities in environmental management and the role of energy sources in sustainable development.

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mas2
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Environment and its STL ite Q51152 OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Define ecology and environment Define environmental management ) © Discuss the significance of environmental management © Discuss career opportunities © Define environmental issues relevant to India © Explain sustainable development | © Discuss various sources of energy Define energy scenario: ® ee poner tt aaa nal On» repulr basis, various bodies po pd Famer ce eee oe te wring the time period (1864-1944), Jacob Van Uerkal tems mgr a a a secon oreo nf ye i sritene a canbnaten ct any vaables, whieh des elation The sty of he envterment helps to ave the planet from the destruction tha, 's caused by humans" abusive actons. The planet i experiencing a rumbar of Calne sch a cima change, hucanes, foods, earthquakes and droughts, \oroventve mesures ace nc akon at the right te to protect the environment then wl ed to th extinction ofboth ving and non-tving species. | hope, you wil study about th importance of ecology and the environment Then. you wien about te slgifcanca of environmental management, is scope andthe POCA cyte. Moreover, you wl lea about the concept of sustainable ‘element, sources of energy andthe energy scenario in India, 1.4. Ecology and Environment Te anne const ofboth hing and non vng penn, Soka mikes you understand tho complex stuctes thar eneie ta components that interack aoe © wie resources that ae present wihin the environment. The’ foe Crt SS Prey tings, Their “ecology is derived om be a 1k 269" wich mean “home and study of respecte. S06 Pat ecology she scientfc study of ving organisms and thot interaction withthe physical envronment. can alo be sald that ecoogy it ‘he retatonship that exits between the ving and nonihing components ef the ‘envionment. Many scents defined the term acclogy in diferent ways, Some of the common defiritions area follows According tothe ecological society of America says, “Ecology is he sty ofthe coatenships between Wing organisms, Incudng humans, and tek phy environment it sooks to understand the vial connections betwaon plan and anmals andthe world around them. Ecology also provides information about the benofts of ecosystems and how we can use Earth's resources in waye tha eate the environment heathy for fulure generations.” [According to Andrewartha and Birch (1954) and Andrewartha (1964), th form ecology is defined as the “scien study ofthe datibuton and abundance of organise ‘Tho environment is a brosder concopt of interlscipinary slences and incudes ‘tn Iving an non-living components as shown in Figure 4 - peers. © Living oF otic mat are found microorganisms surroundings, ay equcoerts te bic components are SE ng, ‘ure 1.3 shows the representational image of ierent ote component: aa cagoten a8 shown Que 2 vee 1004 a te 2 eaten Bt Components producers: Theso component incude green plans that generate thie ‘wn aren or food using the process of phtosyihesis. In this process, Plans make ther food using tiorophyl nthe presence of sunlight. Most tenet eeseoreonet he lving companets are dependent for thet survival on plants 2 they on tveg 3 sna snaeetan otha pay source of oxypen and fod, ‘components that are found within the Consumers: These components include herbivores, omnivores, and ul miners, a carvors. Hebivores include animals or insects. such as elephants ofthe bode ana ‘and plant bug, that gt their energy for ther survival by consuming only Danis, They re capable to dgest any type of plant including grasses Camivores incu animal or insects that get eneray by consuming other ‘snimalsncludng both herbivores and omnivores. These are commonly Arown as mea‘ eaters. Onnivores include animals orinects that eat both ‘nina an pant derived food to produce energy or their survival ~ Decomposers: These are also known as saprophy/tes, for example, ‘actra and fang. They feed directly on dead and decaying organic Iai ' produce carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases. They play a very Important oe inthe nuents reeycting process 50 that nutients can be: ‘ese by he producers. spe myst cea pow chs ctl te a A ao Froese STN my cel er eee Z ae i thang ogame ar sounded bY GE emang gil sche. cng enonmenta sD a Pa ne cng ote | sent it ei, enn cn Oe yrs a eeroonertrerecets te Phystal Company | 18 Tere on ran enone, eg ects wee Codes: raat pa fect the environment. ‘than on theoret janning., re enumerate man cet af ca K Dounlas and Helland, tne environment is defined 2s. “Tho tomy * TPF locating natural and afi esoures sas to make opin ere ea tice ofthe environmen Saal i pl ieee oa not: in ta, Veco a ithe extra forces, infuen ‘eneenmertis used to dese, nsgaregat, a agen trove posible, on a sustainable bassJoly878) crrrcore, which aect the ie, rate, behaviour and the Growth developmen, Be fae ows {tn anata sienes social sions, ols common, an engine, an ‘an eegaiam tal is lving In an ecosystem is defined as a system thal cay eetoclgn background, Kectng problems of he urn seed enon ‘eorodic tel and als possesses he ably o grow. ican be drcty intuenoed or an intrscipSnary besis from » quenlitivs and for iris Viewsat by components that are present inthe environment. A group of organisms tha (Gorey 1988). “rhe environment is consiored the sum itl of al he forcos such a rns sar bohaviou and lies a the same place fr a noticeable time peg ic called population. The place where a population grows snd develops is call mane MR ieendaa ee sere organisms lve. The earth comprises four main types of envronment, namely aod Oe quate, eshwater, teresa, and estuarine. a Diterent types of erganisms five in the same habitat but can exhibit diferent water, sir and ‘crctors. The funcional charecieriscs tht are shown by an organism are called | organism and aiche For example, «forest acts 2s a habitat for dfferent organisms, animals. | us Councl an envronmentl this natural bushes. grass, trees and insects, but a function that is shown by each organism is 1.2. Environmental Management _ _ Envrcnmental management ensures the proper management of ivelinood it torent sectors of fe. Environmental management consists of organizing diferent vironmental niiatves to edeross various ecological ssues that are affecting he lode. Envronmental management deals with tying to prevent ecological disaster 235 wel a aiding in envronmental crises and trying to find approprista solutions. i ar et Eon — ae a here Me exiag cated he Biosphere where Me ex i sar ee dec are dependent on Hi pens of te earh According '© George Ee ve reso te region onthe earth wher erent component called an ecosyata 424. arte ecard iss, a goo cn boo. te ert rc ones Caos atid i tee oo si ged waar wx shown in gure 15: ae hye errs "voposoere Thayer cet ioe ari pesto we ol oo Stratosphere Atmosphere: Tis ayer comprises gases, waler vapour, and fine particu pit tone o ga aed ‘alia ts estimoied that around 5.15 x 1016 n the be thant ho pres ofthe vat crusts obeerved at soa lavel, which koops on decreasing as yl reol about 1kg per [Link], The maximum dons ‘mova &n Upward cretion. Airis a chemical component of diferent gases Such as oxygen, carbon doxido, nox about 99 Vand argon, These gi "486% of he si by yolume. The atmosphere is furth lorent ayers as shown in Figure 1.6 ee aad msn dre rave ecoic pate. ts brody Ue evan and cone: The oceanic MHOspHere exit Co ne cc cara eae he ea ea see ee eect einen cae Hydrosphere: kis 2 combination of ciferent forms of water bodies thal ag present onthe earth, such 2s rivers, ponds, oceans and lakes. I cover, ound 70% ofthe earths surface that constitutes around 97.5% ol the wat, thats present on ogeans inthe for of saltwater. Only 2.5% ofthe waters avalate nthe for of eshwater. Around 30% ofthe feshwalr i presenti |The hydrological or water ele describes the process of wales a weer moles the orm of oundater an the remaining 70% is found in the form of fozey | that evaporate into the stmasphere fom the ears surface and comeback o the ‘gecers. Only 0.3% of water is easily accessible by human beings. Waters | earth's surface in the farm Of rain. This gigantic process is & eanfinuous process the most buna component has present onthe earths surface Igo | _thatexchanges mst batwaen the eats smosbers, oceans a times 1.4 bon cube Klometres i the frm of streams, vers, glaciers, |The biosphere co poundeatr and frozen suace water The water component of he earth's | © Goeorge Edvard ‘yraicin natu and keeps on moving continously within the atmosphere | on earth where Ife ‘troughs hoes! cycle, Water gets collected in dient water boes | component cabled og ‘such as lakes, rivers, oceans and seas. The process of evaporation takes Plants and animall pace and mater reaches againin the atmosphere in he frm of wale vapour | Envronmental Finally, water agi fais back int the atmosphere in the form of precptgtion This oc process af waters called the hydrological cycle, Figure 1.7 shows the process ats inote nthe hyerlogcal er water cycle ‘gue 7 Woteroxe ow to innovate which this. developmen. ts main object + Toprever + Toostbiah tits va devlp cesar natutons and monorng syst + milion people de all over the word by inhaling potas that are presen the pelted eran around A lion fhe cases refund i Asie- Pal. Some ofthe mina acts thal ar elated toa pluton areas ollows «war eas and identiy opportunities 1 fe swogest measures fr resauree conservalion, |. Around 92 pe cent of humans do not nhale pofutanttes ac «pa dreopo sale forthe improvement of quality of ite: «every year, around 5 tlio dallas of the ecsnomy is spent. welfare coats + psuggstong term and short poles for sustainable development ang tao puto! ro ientty news eehnology for sustainable dovolopment. Ma arte ieee ie eee + Toienity ae 4.2.2. Importance of Environment zone potion . ta is day is colobrate to promot coendly development within the county, Kray year the entre wots ealebrates Work Envicnment Day on Sth Jang | |. veros awareness = ee ‘arise ue to nvtonmental degradation “The wim ofthe celabation Isto create awareness and develop encouragemen, amongst people to proect the envionment. n 2019, China host the 45th Wary EnvonmantDay wihattemecfarpoluion Fique 1 showstherepesentatng | 1.3, Significance of Environment Management for imag of WorsEndronmet Day Contemporary Managers. vroia/ssararo, enwronmenal naeperenisene ibebooningaedamnnie “onoopts. lI tepresentsa sequence of responsibites, preconditions, organisational eae rar (& ee The tet Wo Environment Day it Day was celebrated inte year 1974 ans sti being eobrated in arcuns 100 coun is. With the = increase n population, ar poten Teasing at & very hgh rate ona day to day bass. There is an immense need to canola paluton, One cannot sop breathing, so combined efforts of eal Insta an fen prove ine qualty ofa. thas been estimated that around —_—_ 1.34. POCA Gycle Stable deveopment cuss on fling the requirements of the pages aeneatoneswetastouuregereraon Theabsencet sustainable dev mays sigan One oth coranty used ote agg cate naman Management Accouning (EMA), whichis ued or ma th ect alnce. An EMAis conser to be an elective toa in the of entoments| management docs. alo hep o cary ot manag {uncon that manly cus 0 tae poston an econ een. mee 10, ronment Managenent Fraewok EMF) bp o aioe the req Serene gow slog and mati octal lanes. sed gy cena scossom and hen map &acordngy. is acontnuous eck meee tal icides four tps Le plando-ceckac aso known a he POCA oe ep shown a Figure 1.2 ‘The POCA cyclo is an Nertve process that includes fourstep problem sohing techniques, This procass is used to meet economic demands and enhance the business proces. sconce wera, salness Paces. concept was onginaly developed by Waller A. Shewhar, af {hnoteanehyiciaourd the 18208 Ts concept rgnate or the contin ‘slaton of diferent management proces. This cycle can be effectively used by ——— tusinessestomprove tha operations. nodays growing competive cooperative oe nol to mnimiee manufacuing cost, rerease fof magi and provide ee attn. The ft ave stp lhe POCA cc ara flow pan nhs stop, a pre-defined wél-execiied plan ees tobe prepared. The van should Geary reflec al the vales, and organisa objectives tet an Snowe, Nsnonay an sds ha hp one soerping ofthe project's gals and provides the best possbie patho achieve thom: 18 Do: In bis step, ferent paths that are acide Inthe fis slap need i> pe exoovted to aciave the goals. Ths step mainly comprises tree main eoments that include providing the required raining fo allthe personnel who ihe involved inthe execution ofa project, ansiysing the actuat path for the cprcition ofthe process and handling and recording data that equred for future evaluation. ' 18 Check: This step is divided nt stating phase uni thet paral alongwith a being met The ‘process to analyse 15 Actions: inthis se yee is repeated 1.3.2. Types of In eovironymental process of planning, ‘organisational goal orgeisatlon are resp 1ases of a8 shown ig, vided io tree Pi anapert pian an enorme Fa 1.10 Environmental | . a eo er [ssn] | someon) | mesos ‘ie 10 Psst Evicrent Managerent ln (evecare wel (ee cea ret ces os le Ba ts pean dwn cae {oe eerie = ) A mite were Seri pal ection, al i ee ape gence eed to hered hea ate aeeeestemadmcre Coed let eel mepime pt pas

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