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Chapter 06

Chapter 6 discusses multiplexing techniques that enable the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link, focusing on Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM), and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). It provides examples and calculations for each method, illustrating how to combine channels and manage bandwidth requirements. The chapter emphasizes the differences between analog and digital multiplexing techniques.

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6 views24 pages

Chapter 06

Chapter 6 discusses multiplexing techniques that enable the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over a single data link, focusing on Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM), and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). It provides examples and calculations for each method, illustrating how to combine channels and manage bandwidth requirements. The chapter emphasizes the differences between analog and digital multiplexing techniques.

Uploaded by

leot76333
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 6

1
Figure 6.1 Dividing a link into channels

Multiplexing is the set of techniques


that allows the simultaneous
transmission of multiple signals across
a single data link .

2
Figure 6.2 Categories of multiplexing

3
6.1 FDM

Multiplexing Process
Demultiplexing Process
The Analog Hierarchy

4
Figure 6.3 FDM

5
Note:

FDM is an analog multiplexing


technique that combines signals.

6
Figure 6.4 FDM process

7
Figure 6.5 FDM demultiplexing example

8
Example 1
Assume that a voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 4
KHz. We need to combine three voice channels into a link
with a bandwidth of 12 KHz, from 20 to 32 KHz. Show
the configuration using the frequency domain without the
use of guard bands.

Solution
Shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to a
different bandwidth, as shown in Figure 6.6.

9
Figure 6.6 Example 1

10
Example 2
Five channels, each with a 100-KHz bandwidth, are to be
multiplexed together. What is the minimum bandwidth of
the link if there is a need for a guard band of 10 KHz
between the channels to prevent interference?

Solution
For five channels, we need at least four guard bands.
This means that the required bandwidth is at least
5 x 100 + 4 x 10 = 540 KHz,
as shown in Figure 6.7.

11
Figure 6.7 Example 2

12
Figure 6.9 Analog hierarchy

13
6.2 WDM

Wave Division Multiplexing

14
Figure 6.10 WDM

15
Note:

WDM is an analog multiplexing


technique to combine
optical signals.

16
Figure 6.11 Prisms in WDM multiplexing and demultiplexing

17
6.3 TDM

Time Slots and Frames


Interleaving

18
Figure 6.12 TDM

19
Note:

TDM is a digital multiplexing


technique to combine data.

20
Figure 6.13 TDM frames

21
Example 5
Four 1-Kbps connections are multiplexed together. A unit
is 1 bit. Find (1) the duration of 1 bit before multiplexing,
(2) the transmission rate of the link, (3) the duration of a
time slot, and (4) the duration of a frame?
Solution
We can answer the questions as follows:

1. The duration of 1 bit is 1/1 Kbps, or 0.001 s (1 ms).


2. The rate of the link is 4 Kbps.
3. The duration of each time slot 1/4 ms or 250 ms.
4. The duration of a frame 1 ms.
22
Note:

In a TDM, the data rate of the link is n


times faster, and the unit duration is n
times shorter.

23
Figure 6.14 Interleaving

24

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